技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及虚拟电厂技术领域，具体涉及一种能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法和系统。The invention relates to the technical field of virtual power plants, and specifically relates to a power trading method and system for joint VPP in an energy blockchain environment.
背景技术Background technique
随着分布式电源的大规模接入，电力网络正在经历一个根本性的转变，传统的被动消费者成为“生产消费者”——可以进行电能生产/消费行为的产消者，积极管理能源消费、生产和存储。点对点(peer-to-peer,P2P)电力交易是一种能让产销者直接“见面”进行交易，而无需“中间人”的介入的交易模式。通过P2P电力交易，产销者不仅可以通过购买所需电力和出售剩余电力，积极参与当地能源市场，还可以增加收益，并为市场带来更多的灵活性。与此同时，虚拟电厂(virtual power plant，VPP)可以通过先进的控制、计量、通信等技术整合优化产销者的资源，更好实现产销者之间的P2P交易，为整合分布式能源、实现削峰填谷、提高电网鲁棒能力做出重要贡献。With the large-scale access to distributed power sources, the power network is undergoing a fundamental transformation. Traditional passive consumers have become "prosumers" - prosumers who can produce/consume electricity and actively manage energy consumption. , production and storage. Peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading is a trading model that allows producers and sellers to "meet" directly for transactions without the intervention of a "middleman." Through P2P power trading, producers and sellers can not only actively participate in the local energy market by purchasing required power and selling surplus power, but also increase profits and bring more flexibility to the market. At the same time, virtual power plants (VPP) can integrate and optimize the resources of producers and sellers through advanced control, metering, communication and other technologies, and better realize P2P transactions between producers and sellers, which will help integrate distributed energy and realize cutting. It has made important contributions to filling peaks and valleys and improving the robustness of the power grid.
现有的面向VPP的能源共享和交易方法主要分为两种：一种是基于合作博弈的能源交易机制，另一种是基于非合作博弈的能源交易机制。两种不同的博弈关系均能在不同的场景发挥价值。但是，现有的电能交易策略中一般对产销者进行同质化统一建模，很少涉及到因交易偏好、资源特性等所导致的不同产销者所具有的异构性，不能很好提高产销者在现实情景交易下的交易积极性。The existing VPP-oriented energy sharing and trading methods are mainly divided into two types: one is an energy trading mechanism based on cooperative games, and the other is an energy trading mechanism based on non-cooperative games. Two different game relationships can both exert value in different scenarios. However, existing electric energy trading strategies generally use homogeneous and unified modeling of producers and sellers, rarely involving the heterogeneity of different producers and sellers caused by trading preferences, resource characteristics, etc., and cannot effectively improve production and sales. traders’ trading enthusiasm in real-life trading situations.
即现有的面向VPP的能源共享和交易方法无法满足产销者的偏好需求。That is, the existing VPP-oriented energy sharing and trading methods cannot meet the preferences of producers and sellers.
发明内容Contents of the invention
(一)解决的技术问题(1) Technical problems solved
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法和系统，解决了现有的面向VPP的能源共享和交易方法无法满足产销者的偏好需求的技术问题。In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a power trading method and system for joint VPP in an energy blockchain environment, which solves the problem that the existing VPP-oriented energy sharing and trading method cannot meet the preference needs of producers and sellers. technical problem.
(二)技术方案(2) Technical solutions
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
第一方面，本发明提供一种能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法，包括：In the first aspect, the present invention provides a power trading method for joint VPP in an energy blockchain environment, including:
S1、能源区块链接收并存储产销者确定自身的产销者类别和通过产销者类别确定的能源类别偏好；S1. The energy blockchain receives and stores the producer and marketer's own producer and marketer category and the energy category preference determined by the producer and marketer category;
S2、能源区块链接收并发布各产销者自己根据能源类别偏好制定的初始用能计划，以成本最小为目的优化用能计划的效用水平，并通过背书节点反馈，调整用能计划，多次迭代，形成最终的用能计划；S2. The energy blockchain receives and publishes the initial energy usage plan formulated by each producer and marketer based on their energy category preferences, optimizes the utility level of the energy usage plan with the purpose of minimizing cost, and adjusts the energy usage plan through endorsement node feedback, multiple times Iterate to form the final energy use plan;
S3、能源区块链的智能合约记录好产销者的最终的用能计划后，通过竞价和协商完成交易，并判断VPP内是否达到供需平衡，若未达到，则执行下一步；S3. After the smart contract of the energy blockchain records the final energy usage plan of the producer and seller, the transaction is completed through bidding and negotiation, and it is judged whether the supply and demand balance is reached in the VPP. If not, the next step is executed;
S4、能源区块链统计实时功率偏差并告知其他VPP，不同VPP间以消除参与市场运行的多个VPP的电能偏差总成本最小为目标进行能源交易。S4. The energy blockchain counts real-time power deviations and informs other VPPs. Different VPPs conduct energy transactions with the goal of minimizing the total cost of power deviations among multiple VPPs participating in market operations.
优选的，所述产销者类别包括绿色比例能源消费者、逐利者、低收入家庭和环保主义者；Preferably, the categories of producers and sellers include green energy consumers, profit seekers, low-income families and environmentalists;
和/或，and / or,
所述能源类别包括高价灰色能源、低价灰色能源、稳定绿色能源和波动绿色能源。The energy categories include high-price gray energy, low-price gray energy, stable green energy, and fluctuating green energy.
优选的，所述S2包括：Preferably, the S2 includes:
S201、能源区块链接收并发布各产销者自己根据能源类别偏好制定的初始用能计划，每个产销者的初始的用能计划可表示：S201. The energy blockchain receives and publishes the initial energy usage plan formulated by each producer and seller based on their energy category preferences. The initial energy usage plan of each producer and seller can be represented by:
其中，i表示产销者i，表示考虑不舒适度和用能费用后产销者i削减的电量，和/>是产销者i的储能装置的充放电量，/>是产销者i从电网购买的电量，/>是产销者i向电网出售的电量，/>是在P2P电力交易市场中产销者i与其他产销者的交易电量，该变量的正负代表产销者的不同身份，当/>时表示产销者i为购电用户，/>则表示售电用户；Among them, i represents the producer and seller i, Indicates the amount of electricity reduced by producer and seller i after taking into account discomfort and energy costs, and/> is the charge and discharge capacity of the energy storage device of producer and seller i,/> is the electricity purchased by producer i from the power grid,/> is the electricity sold by producer i to the grid,/> is the amount of electricity traded between producer and seller i and other producers and sellers in the P2P electricity trading market. The positive and negative values of this variable represent the different identities of producers and sellers. When/> When it means that the producer and seller i is the electricity purchasing user,/> means electricity sales users;
S202、构建成本函数衡量用能计划的效用水平，其表达式如下：S202. Construct a cost function to measure the utility level of the energy use plan. Its expression is as follows:
成本函数的约束条件包括：Constraints on the cost function include:
约束(2)为发电机产能约束；Constraint (2) is the generator capacity constraint;
约束(3)为发电机的爬坡约束；Constraint (3) is the climbing constraint of the generator;
约束(4)为储能装置退化约束；Constraint (4) is the degradation constraint of the energy storage device;
约(5)为削减负荷约束；About (5) is the load reduction constraint;
约束(6)表示在任何时间段内点对点电力交易市场中达成交易的购电量和售电量总是相等的，所有成交的电力都能找到来源和去处；Constraint (6) means that the electricity purchased and sold in the peer-to-peer power trading market in any time period is always equal, and all the electricity traded can find its source and destination;
约束(7)表示与电网交易的购电量和售电量大于0；Constraint (7) means that the electricity purchased and sold in transactions with the power grid is greater than 0;
约束(8)为电力平衡约束；Constraint (8) is the power balance constraint;
其中，表示t时刻发电机单位成本，Gi,t表示t时刻产销者i的发电机发电量，表示t时刻储能电池折旧的成本，/>和/>表示电池充电和放电的功率，λi,t反映了产销者对于削减负荷的态度，该值越大表示产销者i在时刻t削减负荷的意愿越低，削减单位负荷带来的不舒适度成本也就越高，/>表示t时刻产销者i的可削减负荷的电量，/>表示产销者i对其需求由k类能源满足偏好的效用系数，/>表示产销者倾向于供应k类能源的效用系数，/>表示t时刻产销者i的平均分配负载功率，/>表示t时刻产销者i的平均可再生能源输出功率；/>代表t时刻产销者i的发电机功率转换系数，/>代表t时刻产销者i的总产能功率，/>代表t-1时刻产销者i的总产能功率，/>代表t时刻产销者i的产能功率变化值的最大值；/>代表t时刻产销者i的储能装置充电功率的上限，/>代表t时刻产销者i的储能装置放电功率的上限；/>表示产销者在保证正常生活的前提下可削减负荷的最大值。该约束用来保证产销者削减负荷后不会影响到产销者的正常生活；k代表k种能源的类别，该式表示k类能源均达到电力平衡；in, represents the unit cost of the generator at time t, Gi,t represents the generator power generation of producer and seller i at time t, represents the depreciation cost of the energy storage battery at time t,/> and/> Indicates the power of battery charging and discharging. λi,t reflects the attitude of producers and sellers towards load reduction. The larger the value, the lower the willingness of producer and seller i to reduce load at time t. The discomfort cost caused by reducing unit load The higher it is,/> Indicates the load-reducing power of producer i at time t,/> Indicates the utility coefficient of producer i’s preference for its demand to be met by k types of energy,/> Indicates the utility coefficient that producers and sellers tend to supply k types of energy,/> represents the average distributed load power of producer and seller i at time t,/> Indicates the average renewable energy output power of producer and seller i at time t;/> Represents the generator power conversion coefficient of producer and seller i at time t,/> Represents the total production capacity and power of producer i at time t,/> Represents the total production capacity and power of producer i at time t-1,/> Represents the maximum value of the change in production capacity and power of producer i at time t;/> Represents the upper limit of the charging power of the energy storage device of producer and seller i at time t,/> Represents the upper limit of the discharge power of the energy storage device of producer and seller i at time t;/> Indicates the maximum load that producers and sellers can reduce while ensuring normal life. This constraint is used to ensure that the normal life of producers and sellers will not be affected after load reduction by producers and sellers; k represents the category of k energy sources, and this formula indicates that all k categories of energy sources have reached power balance;
S203、求解成本函数，并进行反馈调节，得到最终的用能计划。S203. Solve the cost function and perform feedback adjustment to obtain the final energy usage plan.
优选的，所述S203包括：Preferably, the S203 includes:
将产销者在P2P电力交易市场中的非合作博弈问题转化为成本最小的优化问题：Transform the non-cooperative game problem of producers and sellers in the P2P power trading market into an optimization problem with minimum cost:
通过引入松弛变量将约束(6)中N个变量耦合的问题转化为双变量耦合的问题：By introducing slack variables Convert the N variable coupling problem in constraint (6) into a two-variable coupling problem:
用来求解用能计划的目标函数(9)的增广拉格朗日函数为：The augmented Lagrangian function used to solve the objective function (9) of the energy consumption plan is:
其中，δi是公式(11)的对偶变量，σ>0是公式(11)的惩罚参数，产销者在能源区块链环境下的P2P电力交易中的用能计划制定过程通过交替方向乘子法算法来确定；在第m轮的迭代中，参与能源区块链环境下P2P电力交易的每一个产销者通过求解自己的最小成本函数更新xi：Among them, δi is the dual variable of formula (11), and σ>0 is the penalty parameter of formula (11). The energy consumption plan formulation process of producers and sellers in P2P power transactions in the energy blockchain environment uses alternating direction multipliers. algorithm to determine; in the m-th round of iteration, each producer and seller participating in P2P power transactions in the energy blockchain environment updates xi by solving its own minimum cost function:
其中，m-1分别是对应变量/>δ在上一轮迭代之后背书节点更新后的结果；在以最小化为目标对成本函数进行求解后得到更新的用能计划xk，产销者将其在能源区块链环境下P2P电力交易市场的交易电量qtrading发送给背书节点；背书节点收集市场上所有产销者提交的点对点电力交易量，整理后得到整个市场的供求情况；根据整个市场的供求情况，背书节点更新松弛变量qtrading和对偶变量δ；/>根据以下公式进行更新：in,m-1 are corresponding variables/> δ endorses the updated result of the node after the last round of iteration; after solving the cost function with minimization as the goal, the updated energy usage plan xk is obtained, and the producer and seller will use it in the P2P power trading market in the energy blockchain environment The transaction quantity qtrading is sent to the endorsement node; the endorsement node collects the point-to-point electricity transaction volume submitted by all producers and sellers in the market, and obtains the supply and demand situation of the entire market; according to the supply and demand situation of the entire market, the endorsement node updates the slack variable qtrading and dual Variable δ;/> Update according to the following formula:
其次，将更新得到的带入到公式(15)中，背书节点求解新的对偶变量δ：Secondly, the updated Bring it into formula (15), and the endorsement node solves the new dual variable δ:
背书节点将最新的松弛变量和对偶变量δm反馈给产销者；产销者从松弛变量中获取该阶段能源区块链环境下的P2P电力交易市场的实际供需情况，并结合自己的个人偏好、储能装置状态等进一步调整自己的用能计划；产销者将调整后在点对点电力交易市场的交易电量qtrading再次发送给背书节点；此迭代过程将循环进行，直到满足预先设置的停止标准，得到最终的用能计划。The endorsing node will update the latest slack variable and the dual variable δm are fed back to the producers and sellers; the producers and sellers obtain the actual supply and demand situation of the P2P power trading market in the energy blockchain environment at this stage from the slack variables, and further adjust themselves based on their personal preferences, energy storage device status, etc. The energy usage plan; the producer and seller will send the adjusted trading power qtrading in the peer-to-peer power trading market to the endorsement node again; this iterative process will be repeated until the preset stop criteria are met, and the final energy usage plan is obtained.
优选的，所述S3包括：Preferably, the S3 includes:
S301、以效用最大化为目标进行产销者竞价，得出最终报价；S301. Conduct producer-seller bidding with the goal of maximizing utility and obtain the final quotation;
S302、能源区块链将购售电策略集随机拆分发送给不同的产销者，根据效用值最优选择买或卖方产销者，进行双边灵活协商，协商成功则交易进行，协商失败则交易无法达成，所述购售电策略集包括最终的用能计划和最终报价；S302. The energy blockchain randomly splits the electricity purchase and sale strategy set and sends it to different producers and sellers. According to the utility value, the buyer or seller is optimally selected to conduct bilateral flexible negotiations. If the negotiation succeeds, the transaction will proceed. If the negotiation fails, the transaction will not be possible. Achieved, the electricity purchase and sale strategy set includes the final energy consumption plan and final quotation;
S303、判断VPP是否达到供需平衡，若未达到平衡，则执行步骤S4。S303. Determine whether the VPP reaches a balance between supply and demand. If the balance is not reached, perform step S4.
优选的，所述S301包括：Preferably, the S301 includes:
产销者进行市场竞价的效用函数如(16)(17)所示：The utility function of market bidding by producers and sellers is as shown in (16) (17):
其中，和/>分别代表交易时刻产销者买方和产销者卖方的与潜在交易伙伴交易效用值；in, and/> Represent the transaction utility values of the producer and seller and the producer and seller respectively with potential trading partners at the transaction time;
其中，会被背书节点传递给对面产销者以得到最终折中的交易能源量是智能合约记录的产销者买方和卖方在匹配时在彼此之间进行交易的清算价格，其表达式为：in, It will be passed to the opposite producer and seller by the endorsing node to obtain the final compromised transaction energy amount. is the clearing price recorded by the smart contract for the producer and seller to trade between each other when matched, and its expression is:
如果卖方j在匹配过程中被选为交易伙伴，买方i提出的最终报价计算如下:If seller j is selected as a trading partner during the matching process, the final offer made by buyer i The calculation is as follows:
其中，表示买方i愿意为卖方j第k种能源额外增加的价值；Pik表示买方i初始报价；在公式(21)中，的第一项表示空间偏好，/>表示重要性系数，M表示空间距离系数；第二项表示声誉偏好，Rj表示卖方j的信用指数，信用最高为1，信用最小为0，/>表示买方i的信用许可，即愿意为卖方j的信用指数额外支付的价格系数；第三项表示绿色能源交易的意愿，Gj表示卖方j出售的可再生能源的比例，/>表示买方i在愿意为其可再生能源在出价中增加的附加价值；第四项表示风险规避的意愿，买方i愿意为稳定的能源支付更高的价格；Fj表示卖方j出售能源的稳定系数，/>表示买方i愿意为稳定的能源额外支付的附加价值；in, represents the additional value that buyer i is willing to add to seller j’s kth energy source; Pik represents buyer i’s initial offer; in formula (21), the first term represents spatial preference,/> represents the importance coefficient, M represents the spatial distance coefficient; the second term represents reputation preference, Rj represents the credit index of seller j, the highest credit is 1, and the minimum credit is 0,/> Represents the credit permission of buyer i, that is, the price coefficient that is willing to pay extra for seller j’s credit index; the third term represents the willingness to trade green energy, Gj represents the proportion of renewable energy sold by seller j, /> Indicates the added value that buyer i is willing to add to its bid for renewable energy; the fourth item represents the willingness to risk aversion, and buyer i is willing to pay a higher price for stable energy; Fj represents the stability coefficient of seller j’s energy sales ,/> Indicates the additional value that buyer i is willing to pay for stable energy;
卖方j向买方i提出的出售能源的最终报价的计算公式如下:The final offer price proposed by seller j to buyer i to sell energy is calculated as follows:
式中，表示卖方j愿意为买方i第k种能源额外增加的价值；/>表示卖方j初始报价；/>表示卖方j向买方i提出的出售能源的最终报价。In the formula, Indicates the additional value that seller j is willing to add to buyer i’s kth energy source;/> Represents seller j’s initial offer;/> Represents the final offer made by seller j to buyer i to sell energy.
优选的，所述S4包括：Preferably, the S4 includes:
各个VPP将自身某时区内的电能供需情况上传到智能合约上，智能合约将其分为两个集合：Mo,vpp为具有供电能力的VPP集合，Ma,vpp为需要购电的VPP集合；Each VPP uploads its own power supply and demand situation in a certain time zone to the smart contract. The smart contract divides it into two sets: Mo,vpp is the set of VPPs with power supply capabilities, and Ma,vpp is the set of VPPs that need to purchase electricity. ;
在进行VPP间的能源交易时，以消除参与市场运行的多个VPP的电能偏差总成本最小为目标：When conducting energy transactions between VPPs, the goal is to minimize the total cost of electric energy deviations among multiple VPPs participating in market operations:
式中，Dp为第p个VPP的售电成本函数；为第p个VPP实际提供功率，/>为第w个VPP需要的功率，ep为成本系数，/>代表VCG拍卖中需要满足的功率平衡；In the formula, Dp is the electricity sales cost function of the p-th VPP; Actually provide power to the p-th VPP,/> is the power required by the wth VPP, ep is the cost coefficient,/> Represents the power balance that needs to be met in the VCG auction;
使用ypt作为第p个VPP于时间段t的单位报价，即ypt元/(kW·h)；报价采用密封报价的形式，通过MD2哈希函数进行加密，背书节点将报价传递给相应VPP，加密过程如下：Use ypt as the unit quotation of the p-th VPP in time period t, that is, ypt yuan/(kW·h); the quotation is in the form of a sealed quotation, encrypted through the MD2 hash function, and the endorsement node passes the quotation to the corresponding VPP , the encryption process is as follows:
H＝S(y,s) (54)H＝S(y,s) (54)
式中，y为VPP的报价ypt；s为投标者自定义的随机字符串；所有报价根据VCG拍卖规则出清；In the formula, y is the quotation ypt of VPP; s is a random string customized by the bidder; all quotations are cleared according to VCG auction rules;
智能合约计算中标者收益，并通过背书节点传递给相应中标者，其具体收益的计算方式如下：The smart contract calculates the income of the winning bidder and passes it to the corresponding winning bidder through the endorsement node. The specific income is calculated as follows:
Zp＝V′-V″ (55)Zp =V′-V″ (55)
式中，Zp为第p个中标者收益，V″为出清队伍中其余中标者的总收益，V′为第p个中标者不参与投标时，按照出清规则所形成的新出清队伍的总收益；In the formula, Zp is the income of the p-th winning bidder, V″ is the total income of the remaining winning bidders in the clearing team, and V′ is the new clearing formed according to the clearing rules when the p-th winning bidder does not participate in the bidding. The team’s total revenue;
式中，pt为发布者的最终成交价格，为出清队伍中各中标VPP的总收益，为总出清功率。In the formula, pt is the publisher’s final transaction price, In order to clear the total income of each winning VPP in the team, is the total clearing power.
第三方面，本发明提供一种能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易系统，包括：In the third aspect, the present invention provides a power trading system for joint VPP in an energy blockchain environment, including:
偏好确定模块，用于能源区块链接收并存储产销者确定自身的产销者类别和通过产销者类别确定的能源类别偏好；The preference determination module is used for the energy blockchain to receive and store the producer and marketer's own producer and marketer category and the energy category preference determined by the producer and marketer category;
用能计划获取模块，用于能源区块链接收并发布各产销者自己根据能源类别偏好制定的初始用能计划，以成本最小为目的优化用能计划的效用水平，并通过背书节点反馈，调整用能计划，多次迭代，形成最终的用能计划；The energy usage plan acquisition module is used in the energy blockchain to receive and publish the initial energy usage plans formulated by each producer and seller based on their energy category preferences, optimize the utility level of the energy usage plan with the purpose of minimizing cost, and adjust it through endorsement node feedback The energy use plan is iterated multiple times to form the final energy use plan;
竞价和协商模块，用于能源区块链的智能合约记录好产销者的最终的用能计划后，通过竞价和协商完成交易，并判断VPP内是否达到供需平衡，若未达到，则执行VPP间多边交易模块中的内容；Bidding and negotiation module, the smart contract used in the energy blockchain records the final energy usage plan of the producer and seller, completes the transaction through bidding and negotiation, and determines whether the supply and demand balance is reached within the VPP. If not, the VPP inter-VPP process is executed. Content in the multilateral trading module;
VPP间多边交易模块，用于能源区块链统计实时功率偏差并告知其他VPP，不同VPP间以消除参与市场运行的多个VPP的电能偏差总成本最小为目标进行能源交易。The inter-VPP multilateral trading module is used in the energy blockchain to count real-time power deviations and inform other VPPs. Different VPPs conduct energy transactions with the goal of minimizing the total cost of eliminating power deviations among multiple VPPs participating in market operations.
第三方面，本发明提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其存储用于能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易的计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序使得计算机执行如上述所述的能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法。In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program for power trading for joint VPP under an energy blockchain environment, wherein the computer program causes the computer to execute the energy transaction as described above. A power trading method for joint VPP under the blockchain environment.
第四方面，本发明提供一种电子设备，包括：In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, including:
一个或多个处理器，存储器，以及一个或多个程序，其中所述一个或多个程序被存储在所述存储器中，并且被配置成由所述一个或多个处理器执行，所述程序包括用于执行如上述所述的能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法。one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the program Including a power trading method for joint VPP under the energy blockchain environment as described above.
(三)有益效果(3) Beneficial effects
本发明提供了一种能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法和系统。与现有技术相比，具备以下有益效果：The present invention provides a power trading method and system for joint VPP in an energy blockchain environment. Compared with existing technology, it has the following beneficial effects:
本发明通过能源区块链接收并存储产销者确定自身的产销者类别和通过产销者类别确定的能源类别偏好；能源区块链接收并发布各产销者自己根据能源类别偏好制定的初始用能计划，以成本最小为目的优化用能计划的效用水平，并通过背书节点反馈，调整用能计划，多次迭代，形成最终的用能计划；能源区块链的智能合约记录好产销者的最终的用能计划后，通过竞价和协商完成交易，并判断VPP内是否达到供需平衡，若未达到，则执行下一步；能源区块链统计实时功率偏差并告知其他VPP，不同VPP间以消除参与市场运行的多个VPP的电能偏差总成本最小为目标进行能源交易。本发明在进行面向联合VPP的产销者P2P交易时对产销者进行分类和确定了能源偏好，更好满足现实的交易需求，提高产销者参与交易的满意度，从而提高产销者参与交易的积极性、提升面向VPP的能源共享的活跃度。This invention collects and stores the producer and marketer's own producer and marketer category and the energy category preference determined by the producer and marketer category through the energy block chain; the energy block chain receives and publishes the initial energy use plan made by each producer and marketer based on the energy category preference. , optimize the utility level of the energy use plan with the purpose of minimizing cost, and adjust the energy use plan through endorsement node feedback, and iterate multiple times to form the final energy use plan; the smart contract of the energy blockchain records the final results of the producers and sellers After the energy usage plan is completed, the transaction is completed through bidding and negotiation, and it is judged whether the supply and demand balance is reached within the VPP. If not, the next step is performed; the energy blockchain counts the real-time power deviation and informs other VPPs, so that different VPPs can eliminate participation in the market The total cost of power deviation of multiple VPPs running is minimized as the goal for energy trading. This invention classifies producers and sellers and determines their energy preferences when conducting P2P transactions for joint VPP, so as to better meet the actual transaction needs, improve the satisfaction of producers and sellers participating in transactions, thereby increasing the enthusiasm of producers and sellers to participate in transactions. Increase the activity of energy sharing for VPP.
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.
图1为本发明实施例一种能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法的框图；Figure 1 is a block diagram of a power trading method for joint VPP in an energy blockchain environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例一种能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法的具体流程图；Figure 2 is a specific flow chart of a power trading method for joint VPP in an energy blockchain environment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中P2P电力交易中完成智能合约的流程图。Figure 3 is a flow chart for completing smart contracts in P2P power transactions in the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all implementations. example. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
本申请实施例通过提供一种能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法和系统，解决了现有的面向VPP的能源共享和交易方法无法满足产销者的偏好需求的技术问题，实现提高产销者参与交易的满意度，从而提高产销者参与交易的积极性、提升面向VPP的能源共享的活跃度。The embodiments of this application solve the technical problem that the existing VPP-oriented energy sharing and trading methods cannot meet the preferred needs of producers and sellers by providing a power trading method and system for joint VPP in an energy blockchain environment, and achieve improvement The satisfaction of producers and sellers participating in transactions will increase the enthusiasm of producers and sellers to participate in transactions and increase the activity of energy sharing for VPP.
本申请实施例中的技术方案为解决上述技术问题，总体思路如下：The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application are to solve the above technical problems. The general idea is as follows:
面向VPP的能源共享和交易方法主要分为两种：一种是基于合作博弈的能源交易机制，另一种是基于非合作博弈的能源交易机制。前者是将VPP以联盟的形式参与能源市场交易，通过P2P交易等形式实现整体联盟VPP的能源供需平衡。有学者通过构建包含光伏、储能、燃气轮机等的VPP聚合模型，建立考虑光伏不确定性的随机优化调度模型并采用Shapley法对VPP合作剩余进行分配，这样能够有利于多VPP积极参与P2P交易，提升整体运营收益。还有学者将多个VPP视为一个合作联盟参与市场竞标，并根据各VPP的出力特性提出了收益和奖惩的分摊方法。而后者非合作博弈则与前者合作博弈不同，它无法再通过联盟VPP实现目标，而是寻求各主体利益冲突下的均衡。有学者将多个VPP视为非合作博弈关系，根据市场模拟出清结果来预测其他VPP对自身决策的影响，形成实现收益最大化的市场竞标策略。还有学者建立在约束条件下的博弈策略集、建立VPP博弈后收益函数，引入罚函数对博弈行为进行限制，在各VPP发电竞争中引入势博弈模型进行优化，并通过VPP间互动找寻最优发电策略。两种不同的博弈关系均能在不同的场景发挥价值。但是，在进行面向VPP的电能交易时，大多数研究将P2P交易的对象产消者进行同质化统一建模，很少涉及到因不同资源特性以及地理位置所导致不同产消者所具有的异构性。在过去的研究中电能也往往被当做同一种商品，但随着世界各国碳市场的成熟以及环保意识深入人心，越来越多的产销者不再仅仅关注能源消费的经济性。同时区块链技术，使得不同来源的能源能被精确地标识和追踪而无法篡改，为构建不同能源类别提供了前提。另一方面，在电能交易研究中，大多数研究将电能交易聚焦在同一层面，在多VPP环境下一般只研究VPP间的电能交易，而没有将VPP内部电能交易与VPP间交易串联形成一个系统的流程化方案。综合VPP内部产销者交易以及VPP间交易的P2P交易机制可以更好地降低供电不确定性等带来的影响，降低交易成本，更好实现供需平衡。Energy sharing and trading methods for VPP are mainly divided into two types: one is an energy trading mechanism based on cooperative games, and the other is an energy trading mechanism based on non-cooperative games. The former involves VPP participating in energy market transactions in the form of an alliance, and achieving the energy supply and demand balance of the overall alliance VPP through P2P transactions and other forms. Some scholars have built a VPP aggregation model including photovoltaics, energy storage, gas turbines, etc., established a stochastic optimization dispatch model that considers photovoltaic uncertainty, and used the Shapley method to allocate VPP cooperation surplus. This can help multiple VPPs actively participate in P2P transactions. Improve overall operating income. Some scholars regard multiple VPPs as a cooperative alliance to participate in market bidding, and propose methods for sharing benefits, rewards and punishments based on the output characteristics of each VPP. The latter non-cooperative game is different from the former cooperative game. It can no longer achieve its goals through alliance VPP, but seeks equilibrium under the conflict of interests of each subject. Some scholars regard multiple VPPs as non-cooperative game relationships, predict the impact of other VPPs on their own decisions based on market simulation results, and form a market bidding strategy to maximize returns. Some scholars have established game strategy sets under constrained conditions, established post-game profit functions of VPPs, introduced penalty functions to limit game behaviors, introduced potential game models for optimization in each VPP power generation competition, and found the optimal solution through interaction between VPPs. Power Generation Strategy. Two different game relationships can both exert value in different scenarios. However, when conducting VPP-oriented electric energy transactions, most studies homogeneously model the prosumers who are the objects of P2P transactions, and rarely involve the characteristics of different prosumers due to different resource characteristics and geographical locations. Heterogeneity. In past studies, electric energy was often treated as the same commodity. However, with the maturity of carbon markets in various countries around the world and the deepening of environmental awareness, more and more producers and marketers no longer only focus on the economics of energy consumption. At the same time, blockchain technology enables energy from different sources to be accurately identified and tracked without being tampered with, providing a prerequisite for the construction of different energy categories. On the other hand, in the research on electric energy trading, most studies focus on electric energy trading at the same level. In a multi-VPP environment, they generally only study the electric energy trading between VPPs, but do not connect the intra-VPP electric energy trading and inter-VPP transactions in series to form a system. process plan. The P2P trading mechanism that integrates VPP internal producer and seller transactions and inter-VPP transactions can better reduce the impact of power supply uncertainty, reduce transaction costs, and better achieve a balance between supply and demand.
现有技术存在以下缺陷：The existing technology has the following defects:
(1)现有的电能交易策略中一般对产销者进行同质化统一建模，很少涉及到因交易偏好、资源特性等所导致的不同产销者所具有的异构性，不能很好提高产销者在现实情景交易下的交易积极性；(1) Existing electric energy trading strategies generally conduct homogeneous and unified modeling of producers and sellers, which rarely involves the heterogeneity of different producers and sellers caused by trading preferences, resource characteristics, etc., and cannot be improved very well. The trading enthusiasm of producers and sellers in real-world transactions;
(2)现有的多VPP电能交易一般会聚焦在同一层面上，多研究VPP间的电能交易策略并通过博弈关系等确定研究方案，对于同时研究VPP内产销者之间的P2P交易以及VPP间的交易的研究相对较少；(2) Existing multi-VPP power transactions generally focus on the same level. They mostly study power trading strategies among VPPs and determine research plans through game relationships. For simultaneous research on P2P transactions between producers and sellers within VPPs and between VPPs There is relatively little research on transactions;
(3)现有的面向联合VPP的P2P交易方法研究大多站在VPP的立场实现对其的最大价值，很少从产销者个体出发实现其多方面的价值。(3) Existing research on P2P transaction methods for joint VPP mostly realizes its maximum value from the standpoint of VPP, and rarely realizes its multi-faceted value from the perspective of individual producers and sellers.
为解决上述问题，本发明实施例提出了一种能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法，该方法在进行P2P交易时充分考虑产销者交易偏好和能源异质性问题，使设计的P2P交易策略更加符合现实需求，不仅只考虑经济效益，而是能够个性化满足产销者对于绿能或风险的偏好，提高产销者参与交易的满意度，从而提高产销者参与交易的积极性、提升面向VPP的能源共享的活跃度。In order to solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a power trading method for joint VPP in an energy blockchain environment. This method fully considers the transaction preferences of producers and sellers and energy heterogeneity issues when conducting P2P transactions, so that the designed The P2P trading strategy is more in line with practical needs. It not only considers economic benefits, but also can personalizedly meet the preferences of producers and sellers for green energy or risks, improve the satisfaction of producers and sellers participating in transactions, thereby increasing the enthusiasm of producers and sellers to participate in transactions, and improving the orientation of producers and sellers. The activity of VPP’s energy sharing.
为了更好的理解上述技术方案，下面将结合说明书附图以及具体的实施方式对上述技术方案进行详细的说明。In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation modes.
本发明实施例提供一种能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法，如图1所示，该方法包括：The embodiment of the present invention provides a power trading method for joint VPP in an energy blockchain environment. As shown in Figure 1, the method includes:
S1、能源区块链接收并存储产销者确定自身的产销者类别和通过产销者类别确定的能源类别偏好；S1. The energy blockchain receives and stores the producer and marketer's own producer and marketer category and the energy category preference determined by the producer and marketer category;
S2、能源区块链接收并发布各产销者自己根据能源类别偏好制定的初始用能计划，以成本最小为目的优化用能计划的效用水平，并通过背书节点反馈，调整用能计划，多次迭代，形成最终的用能计划；S2. The energy blockchain receives and publishes the initial energy usage plan formulated by each producer and marketer based on their energy category preferences, optimizes the utility level of the energy usage plan with the purpose of minimizing cost, and adjusts the energy usage plan through endorsement node feedback, multiple times Iterate to form the final energy use plan;
S3、能源区块链的智能合约记录好产销者的最终的用能计划后，通过竞价和协商完成交易，并判断VPP内是否达到供需平衡，若未达到，则执行下一步；S3. After the smart contract of the energy blockchain records the final energy usage plan of the producer and seller, the transaction is completed through bidding and negotiation, and it is judged whether the supply and demand balance is reached in the VPP. If not, the next step is executed;
S4、能源区块链统计实时功率偏差并告知其他VPP，不同VPP间以消除参与市场运行的多个VPP的电能偏差总成本最小为目标进行能源交易。S4. The energy blockchain counts real-time power deviations and informs other VPPs. Different VPPs conduct energy transactions with the goal of minimizing the total cost of power deviations among multiple VPPs participating in market operations.
本发明实施例在进行面向联合VPP的产销者P2P交易时对产销者进行分类和确定了能源偏好，更好满足现实的交易需求，提高产销者参与交易的满意度，从而提高产销者参与交易的积极性、提升面向VPP的能源共享的活跃度。The embodiment of the present invention classifies producers and sellers and determines their energy preferences when conducting P2P transactions for joint VPP, so as to better meet the actual transaction needs, improve the satisfaction of producers and sellers participating in the transaction, and thereby improve the satisfaction of producers and sellers participating in the transaction. Enthusiasm and increase the activity of energy sharing for VPP.
下面结合如图2所示的流程图对各个步骤进行详细说明：Each step is explained in detail below with reference to the flow chart shown in Figure 2:
在步骤S1中，能源区块链接收并存储产销者确定自身的产销者类别和通过产销者类别确定的能源类别偏好。具体实施过程如下：In step S1, the energy blockchain receives and stores the producer category determined by the producer and the energy category preference determined by the producer category. The specific implementation process is as follows:
需要说明的是，产销者首次参与电力交易前，需要在能源区块链中注册并获取区块中只中CA的认证，成为能源区块链中的用户节点。It should be noted that before participating in electricity transactions for the first time, producers and sellers need to register in the energy blockchain and obtain certification from the CA in the block to become a user node in the energy blockchain.
对产销者偏好从金融回报、绿色偏好、风险规避这几个方面分析，首先将产销者分为：绿色比例能源消费者、逐利者、低收入家庭、环保主义者。To analyze the preferences of producers and sellers from the aspects of financial returns, green preferences, and risk aversion, producers and sellers are first divided into: green proportion energy consumers, profit seekers, low-income families, and environmentalists.
其次根据能源异质性要求和产销者的分类情况，将能源类别分为：Secondly, according to the energy heterogeneity requirements and the classification of producers and sellers, the energy categories are divided into:
高价灰色能源：使用传统能源和可再生能源混合发电的电力，其电价高于低价灰色能源，但低于上网电价，一般也低于绿色能源电价；High-priced gray energy: The price of electricity generated using a mixture of traditional energy and renewable energy is higher than that of low-priced gray energy, but lower than the grid-connected electricity price, and generally lower than the price of green energy;
低价灰色能源：补贴能源，只有低收入家庭可以使用，慈善机构愿意以低价购买灰色能源以补贴低收入家庭；Low-price gray energy: subsidized energy that only low-income families can use. Charities are willing to purchase gray energy at low prices to subsidize low-income families;
稳定绿色能源：供电稳定的绿色能源，电价一般高于灰色能源；Stable green energy: green energy with stable power supply, the electricity price is generally higher than gray energy;
波动绿色能源：供电不稳定的绿色能源，电价一般高于灰色能源。Volatile green energy: Green energy with unstable power supply, the price of electricity is generally higher than that of gray energy.
通过对产销者偏好和能源异质性的充分分析，可以得到以下的产销者能源交易偏好：Through a full analysis of producers and sellers’ preferences and energy heterogeneity, the following energy trading preferences of producers and sellers can be obtained:
绿色比例能源消费者：高价灰色能源、稳定绿色能源；Green proportion energy consumers: high-priced gray energy, stable green energy;
逐利者：高价灰色能源；Profit seekers: high-priced gray energy;
低收入家庭：低价灰色能源、稳定绿色能源、波动绿色能源,高价灰色能源；Low-income households: low-price gray energy, stable green energy, fluctuating green energy, high-price gray energy;
环保主义者：稳定绿色能源、波动绿色能源。Environmentalists: Stable green energy, volatile green energy.
同时针对能源异质性，可以由两个指标进行衡量区分：At the same time, energy heterogeneity can be measured and distinguished by two indicators:
能源清洁性：碳排放量；Energy cleanliness: carbon emissions;
能源波动性：能源发电系统输出的波动程度，可以通过计算能源发电系统在特定时间段内的波动幅度或标准差来评估。Energy Volatility: The degree of fluctuation in the output of an energy generation system, which can be assessed by calculating the amplitude or standard deviation of fluctuations in an energy generation system over a specific time period.
产销者在确定好自己的产销者类别后，将产销者类别信息上传至区块链保存。After the producer and marketer determines their producer and marketer category, they upload the producer and marketer category information to the blockchain for storage.
在步骤S2中，能源区块链接收并发布各产销者自己根据能源类别偏好制定的初始用能计划，以成本最小为目的优化用能计划的效用水平，并通过背书节点反馈，调整用能计划，多次迭代，形成最终的用能计划。具体实施过程如下：In step S2, the energy blockchain receives and publishes the initial energy usage plan formulated by each producer and seller based on their energy category preferences, optimizes the utility level of the energy usage plan with the purpose of minimizing cost, and adjusts the energy usage plan through endorsement node feedback. , multiple iterations to form the final energy use plan. The specific implementation process is as follows:
S201、能源区块链接收并发布各产销者自己根据能源类别偏好制定的初始用能计划，具体为：S201. The energy blockchain receives and publishes the initial energy usage plans formulated by each producer and marketer based on their energy category preferences, specifically:
为了更好地体现产销者的交易偏好，每个产销者个体均会有一个初始的用能计划，可表示：In order to better reflect the transaction preferences of producers and sellers, each individual producer and seller will have an initial energy usage plan, which can be expressed as:
其中，i表示产销者i，表示考虑不舒适度和用能费用后产销者i削减的电量，和/>是产销者i的储能装置的充放电量，/>是产销者i从电网购买的电量，/>是产销者i向电网出售的电量，/>是在P2P电力交易市场中产销者i与其他产销者的交易电量，该变量的正负代表产销者的不同身份，当/>时表示产销者i为购电用户，/>则表示售电用户。Among them, i represents the producer and seller i, Indicates the amount of electricity reduced by producer and seller i after taking into account discomfort and energy costs, and/> is the charge and discharge capacity of the energy storage device of producer and seller i,/> is the electricity purchased by producer i from the power grid,/> is the electricity sold by producer i to the grid,/> is the amount of electricity traded between producer and seller i and other producers and sellers in the P2P electricity trading market. The positive and negative values of this variable represent the different identities of producers and sellers. When/> When it means that the producer and seller i is the electricity purchasing user,/> It means electricity sales users.
S202、构建成本函数，具体为：S202. Construct a cost function, specifically:
产销者采取不同的用能计划会获得不同的效益，因此构建成本函数可以衡量每一个用能计划的效用水平。Producers and marketers will obtain different benefits by adopting different energy usage plans, so constructing a cost function can measure the utility level of each energy usage plan.
其中，表示t时刻发电机单位成本，Gi,t表示t时刻产销者i的发电机发电量，表示t时刻储能电池折旧的成本，/>和/>表示电池充电和放电的功率，λi,t反映了产销者对于削减负荷的态度，该值越大表示产销者i在时刻t削减负荷的意愿越低，削减单位负荷带来的不舒适度成本也就越高，/>表示t时刻产销者i的可削减负荷的电量，/>表示产销者i对其需求由k类能源满足偏好的效用系数，/>表示产销者倾向于供应k类能源的效用系数，/>表示t时刻产销者i的平均分配负载功率，/>表示t时刻产销者i的平均可再生能源输出功率。in, represents the unit cost of the generator at time t, Gi,t represents the generator power generation of producer and seller i at time t, represents the depreciation cost of the energy storage battery at time t,/> and/> Indicates the power of battery charging and discharging. λi,t reflects the attitude of producers and sellers towards load reduction. The larger the value, the lower the willingness of producer and seller i to reduce load at time t. The discomfort cost caused by reducing unit load The higher it is,/> Indicates the load-reducing power of producer i at time t,/> Indicates the utility coefficient of producer i’s preference for its demand to be met by k types of energy,/> Indicates the utility coefficient that producers and sellers tend to supply k types of energy,/> represents the average distributed load power of producer and seller i at time t,/> represents the average renewable energy output power of producer and seller i at time t.
成本函数的约束条件包括：Constraints on the cost function include:
1)发电机1)Generator
发电机产能约束：Generator capacity constraints:
爬坡约束：Climbing constraints:
其中，代表t时刻产销者i的发电机功率转换系数，/>代表t时刻产销者i的总产能功率，/>代表t-1时刻产销者i的总产能功率，/>代表t时刻产销者i的产能功率变化值的最大值。in, Represents the generator power conversion coefficient of producer and seller i at time t,/> Represents the total production capacity and power of producer i at time t,/> Represents the total production capacity and power of producer i at time t-1,/> represents the maximum value of the change in production capacity and power of producer i at time t.
2)储能装置退化2) Degradation of energy storage device
其中，代表t时刻产销者i的储能装置充电功率的上限，/>代表t时刻产销者i的储能装置放电功率的上限。in, Represents the upper limit of the charging power of the energy storage device of producer and seller i at time t,/> represents the upper limit of the discharge power of the energy storage device of producer and seller i at time t.
3)削减负荷3) Reduce load
其中，表示产销者在保证正常生活的前提下可削减负荷的最大值。该约束用来保证产销者削减负荷后不会影响到产销者的正常生活。in, Indicates the maximum load that producers and sellers can reduce while ensuring normal life. This constraint is used to ensure that the normal life of the producer and marketer will not be affected after the producer and marketer reduces the load.
4)与其他产销者交易4) Transact with other producers and sellers
其中，约束(6)表示在任何时间段内点对点电力交易市场中达成交易的购电量和售电量总是相等的，所有成交的电力都能找到来源和去处。Among them, constraint (6) means that the electricity purchased and sold in the peer-to-peer power trading market are always equal in any time period, and all the electricity traded can find the source and destination.
5)与电网交易5) Transactions with the power grid
其中，约束(7)表示与电网交易的购电量和售电量大于0。Among them, constraint (7) means that the electricity purchased and sold in transactions with the power grid is greater than 0.
6)电力平衡约束6) Power balance constraints
其中，k代表k种能源的类别，该式表示k类能源均达到电力平衡。Among them, k represents the categories of k energy sources, and this formula indicates that all k types of energy sources have reached power balance.
S203、求解成本函数，并反馈调节，得到最终的用能计划，包括：S203. Solve the cost function and provide feedback adjustment to obtain the final energy usage plan, including:
产销者在P2P电力交易市场中的非合作博弈问题可以转化为成本最小的优化问题：The non-cooperative game problem of producers and sellers in the P2P electricity trading market can be transformed into an optimization problem with minimum cost:
通过引入松弛变量可以将约束(6)中N个变量耦合的问题转化为双变量耦合的问题，从而简化求解过程。By introducing slack variables The problem of coupling N variables in constraint (6) can be transformed into a problem of two-variable coupling, thereby simplifying the solution process.
用来求解用能计划的目标函数(9)的增广拉格朗日函数为：The augmented Lagrangian function used to solve the objective function (9) of the energy consumption plan is:
其中，δi是公式(11)的对偶变量，σ>0是公式(11)的惩罚参数，从而尽可能保证该约束的成立。产销者在能源区块链环境下的P2P电力交易中的用能计划制定过程可以通过ADMM(交替方向乘子法)算法来确定。在第m轮的迭代中，参与能源区块链环境下P2P电力交易的每一个产销者通过求解自己的最小成本函数更新xi：Among them, δi is the dual variable of formula (11), and σ>0 is the penalty parameter of formula (11), so as to ensure that the constraint is established as much as possible. The energy consumption plan formulation process of producers and sellers in P2P power transactions in the energy blockchain environment can be determined by the ADMM (Alternating Direction Multiplier Method) algorithm. In the m-th round of iteration, each producer and seller participating in P2P power transactions in the energy blockchain environment updates xi by solving its own minimum cost function:
其中，δm-1分别是对应变量/>δ在上一轮迭代之后背书节点更新后的结果。在以最小化为目标对成本函数进行求解后得到更新的用能计划xk，产销者将其在能源区块链环境下P2P电力交易市场的交易电量qtrading发送给背书节点。背书节点收集市场上所有产销者提交的点对点电力交易量，整理后得到整个市场的供求情况。随后，根据上述信息，背书节点更新松弛变量qtrading和对偶变量δ。首先，/>根据以下公式进行更新：in, δm-1 are corresponding variables/> δ is the updated result of the endorsement node after the previous iteration. After solving the cost function with the goal of minimization, the updated energy consumption plan xk is obtained. The producer and seller sends its trading power qtrading in the P2P power trading market in the energy blockchain environment to the endorsement node. The endorsement node collects the peer-to-peer electricity transaction volume submitted by all producers and sellers in the market, and sorts it out to obtain the supply and demand situation of the entire market. Subsequently, based on the above information, the endorsing node updates the slack variable qtrading and the dual variable δ. First,/> Update according to the following formula:
其次，将更新得到的带入到公式(15)中，背书节点可求解新的对偶变量δ：Secondly, the updated Bringing it into formula (15), the endorsement node can solve the new dual variable δ:
背书节点将最新的松弛变量和对偶变量δm反馈给产销者。产销者从松弛变量中可以获取该阶段能源区块链环境下的P2P电力交易市场的实际供需情况，并结合自己的个人偏好、储能装置状态等进一步调整自己的用能计划。随后，产销者将调整后在点对点电力交易市场的交易电量qtrading再次发送给背书节点。此迭代过程将循环进行，直到满足市场预先设置的停止标准。在本发明实施例中该迭代的终止条件被设置为/>其中ξ1>0是对约束(12)的可行性容忍度。The endorsing node will update the latest slack variable And the dual variable δm is fed back to the producer and marketer. Producers and sellers can obtain the actual supply and demand situation of the P2P power trading market in the energy blockchain environment at this stage from the slack variables, and further adjust their energy use plans based on their personal preferences, energy storage device status, etc. Subsequently, the producer and seller will send the adjusted trading power qtrading in the peer-to-peer power trading market to the endorsing node again. This iterative process will loop until the market's pre-set stopping criteria are met. In the embodiment of the present invention, the termination condition of the iteration is set to/> where ξ1 >0 is the feasibility tolerance of constraint (12).
需要说明的是，在具体实施过程中，还可通过其他的优化算法对该成本最小的优化问题进行求解，此处不在赘述。It should be noted that during the specific implementation process, other optimization algorithms can also be used to solve the optimization problem with minimum cost, which will not be described again here.
在步骤S3中，能源区块链的智能合约记录好产销者的最终的用能计划后，通过竞价和协商完成交易，并判断VPP内是否达到供需平衡，若未达到，则执行下一步。具体实施过程如下：In step S3, after the smart contract of the energy blockchain records the final energy usage plan of the producer and seller, the transaction is completed through bidding and negotiation, and it is judged whether the supply and demand balance is reached in the VPP. If not, the next step is executed. The specific implementation process is as follows:
S301、以效用最大化为目标进行产销者竞价，得出最终报价。具体包括：S301. Conduct producer-seller bidding with the goal of maximizing utility to obtain the final quotation. Specifically include:
在智能合约记录好产销者的用能计划后，会进入市场竞价。产销者进行市场竞价的效用函数如(16)(17)所示：After the smart contract records the energy usage plan of the producer and seller, it will enter the market bidding. The utility function of market bidding by producers and sellers is as shown in (16) (17):
其中，和/>分别代表交易时刻产销者买方和产销者卖方的与潜在交易伙伴交易效用值。in, and/> Represent the transaction utility values of the producer and seller and the producer and seller respectively with potential trading partners at the transaction time.
其中，会被背书节点传递给对面产销者以得到最终折中的交易能源量是智能合约记录的产销者买方和卖方在匹配时在彼此之间进行交易的清算价格，其表达式为：in, It will be passed to the opposite producer and seller by the endorsing node to obtain the final compromised transaction energy amount. is the clearing price recorded by the smart contract for the producer and seller to trade between each other when matched, and its expression is:
如果卖方j在匹配过程中被选为交易伙伴，买方i提出的最终报价计算如下:If seller j is selected as a trading partner during the matching process, the final offer made by buyer i is calculated as follows:
其中，表示买方i愿意为卖方j第k种能源额外增加的价值；Pik表示买方i初始报价；在公式(21)中，第一项表示空间偏好，如果i和j位于同一区域，则Li＝Lj，其系数/>最高，这定义了买家i渴望为这种情况支付最高的价格。否则，根据同行之间的距离，该系数将较小，表明对买方的重要性较小。M表示空间距离系数。需要注意的是，M是一个较大的值，用来识别P2P交易产销者之间距离的重要性，这意味着较大的M表示处于不同的地区的产销者对P2P的交易意愿没有显著影响，而较小的M表示远距离的P2P进行交易的惯性。第二项显示了声誉偏好，即一旦卖方j拥有更高的声誉，买方i愿意为潜在的能源交易支付更高的价格。Rj表示卖方j的信用指数，信用最高为1，信用最小为0，/>表示买方i的信用许可，即愿意为卖方j的信用指数额外支付的价格系数。第三项表示绿色能源交易的意愿，Gj表示卖方j出售的可再生能源的比例，/>表示买方i在愿意为其可再生能源在出价中增加的附加价值。最后，第四项表示风险规避的意愿，买方i愿意为稳定的能源支付更高的价格。Fj表示卖方j出售能源的稳定系数，/>表示买方i愿意为稳定的能源额外支付的附加价值。in, represents the additional value that buyer i is willing to add to the kth energy source of seller j; Pik represents the initial offer of buyer i; in formula (21), the first term represents spatial preference. If i and j are located in the same area, then Li =Lj , its coefficient/> Maximum, which defines the highest price that buyer i is eager to pay for this situation. Otherwise, depending on the distance between peers, the coefficient will be smaller, indicating less importance to the buyer. M represents the spatial distance coefficient. It should be noted that M is a large value used to identify the importance of distance between producers and sellers in P2P transactions, which means that a larger M means that producers and sellers in different regions have no significant impact on P2P transaction willingness. , and the smaller M represents the inertia of long-distance P2P transactions. The second term shows reputational preference, i.e., buyer i is willing to pay a higher price for a potential energy transaction once seller j has a higher reputation. Rj represents the credit index of seller j, with the highest credit being 1 and the lowest credit being 0,/> Represents the credit permission of buyer i, that is, the price coefficient that is willing to pay extra for seller j’s credit index. The third item represents the willingness to trade green energy, Gj represents the proportion of renewable energy sold by seller j,/> Indicates the added value that buyer i is willing to add to its bid for renewable energy. Finally, the fourth term represents risk aversion, with buyer i willing to pay a higher price for stable energy. Fj represents the stability coefficient of energy sold by seller j,/> Indicates the additional value that buyer i is willing to pay for stable energy.
卖方j最终报价的计算方式与买方i类似，卖方j向买方i提出的出售能源的最终报价，可计算为:The calculation method of seller j’s final offer is similar to that of buyer i. Seller j’s final offer to sell energy to buyer i can be calculated as:
值得注意的是，如果买方满足了卖方的要求，卖方将倾向于降低报价。在通过上述步骤完成市场竞价时各个产销者的初始投标价，最终报价以及P2P交易价等都会记录在智能合约上，并通过哈希算法将交易过程中出现的信息进行加密，避免相关信息被篡改。It is worth noting that if the buyer meets the seller's requirements, the seller will tend to lower the offer. When the market bidding is completed through the above steps, the initial bid price, final quotation and P2P transaction price of each producer and seller will be recorded on the smart contract, and the information that appears during the transaction process will be encrypted through a hash algorithm to prevent relevant information from being tampered with. .
S302、能源区块链将购售电策略集随机拆分发送给不同的产销者，根据效用值最优选择买/卖方产销者，进行双边灵活协商，协商成功则交易进行，协商失败则交易无法达成，所述购售电策略集包括最终的用能计划和最终报价，具体包括：S302. The energy blockchain randomly splits the electricity purchase and sale strategy set and sends it to different producers and sellers, and optimally selects the buyer/seller producer and seller based on the utility value, and conducts bilateral flexible negotiations. If the negotiation is successful, the transaction will proceed, and if the negotiation fails, the transaction will not be possible. Achieved, the electricity purchase and sale strategy set includes the final energy consumption plan and final quotation, specifically including:
a、信息发布：在交易时期，各产销者将在P2P交易平台上发布自己的售电/购电需求，这些信息会通过通信信道传递给每个有对应需求的产销者。由于产消者差异化特性，不同产消者有不同的内部资源，对外发布的功率信息和竞价规模存在差异性，为了避免被竞争对手捕捉到自身的供需特性，区块链需将交易信息随机拆分发送给不同产销者。a. Information release: During the transaction period, each producer and seller will publish his/her electricity sales/purchase needs on the P2P trading platform, and this information will be transmitted to each producer and seller with corresponding needs through the communication channel. Due to the differentiated characteristics of prosumers, different prosumers have different internal resources, and there are differences in the power information and bidding scales released to the outside world. In order to avoid competitors capturing their own supply and demand characteristics, the blockchain needs to randomize transaction information. Split and send to different producers and sellers.
b、双边灵活协商：在完成市场竞价后，买方和卖方之间会形成彼此之间的交易价，同时也可以计算出各自与对方交易时的效用值，这一系列步骤均会通过智能合约进行计算，智能合约将效用值从高到低排序，智能合约会优先安排产消者和效用值最高的交易伙伴进行双边灵活协商，只有当买方产销者和卖方产销者同时达到最优效用值，其交易才能成立，否则交易无法成立。在磋商结果发布后，双方都同意后签订交易合同，交易合同经过买卖双方及第三方签名后视为生效。b. Bilateral flexible negotiation: After completing the market bidding, the buyer and seller will form a transaction price between each other. At the same time, they can also calculate the utility value of each transaction with the other party. This series of steps will be carried out through smart contracts. Calculation, the smart contract will sort the utility values from high to low, and the smart contract will prioritize prosumers and trading partners with the highest utility values for bilateral flexible negotiations. Only when the buyer's producer and seller and the seller's producer and seller reach the optimal utility value at the same time, the smart contract will The transaction can be established, otherwise the transaction cannot be established. After the negotiation results are released, both parties agree and sign a transaction contract. The transaction contract is deemed to be effective after it is signed by both the buyer and the seller and a third party.
S303、判断VPP是否达到供需平衡，若未达到平衡，则执行步骤S4。S303. Determine whether the VPP reaches a balance between supply and demand. If the balance is not reached, perform step S4.
在步骤S4中，能源区块链统计实时功率偏差并告知其他VPP，不同VPP间以消除参与市场运行的多个VPP的电能偏差总成本最小为目标进行能源交易。具体实施过程如下：In step S4, the energy blockchain counts real-time power deviations and informs other VPPs. Different VPPs conduct energy transactions with the goal of minimizing the total cost of eliminating power deviations among multiple VPPs participating in market operations. The specific implementation process is as follows:
为弥合供电不确定性所产生的VPP电能功率偏差，可以进行VPP间电能交易。各个VPP将自身某时区内的电能供需情况上传到智能合约上，智能合约会将其分为两个集合：Mo,vpp为具有供电能力的VPP集合，Ma,vpp为需要购电的VPP集合。在进行VPP间的能源交易时，以应对日前预测数据的不确定性，以消除参与市场运行的多个VPP的电能偏差总成本最小为目标：In order to bridge the VPP electric energy power deviation caused by power supply uncertainty, inter-VPP electric energy trading can be carried out. Each VPP uploads its own power supply and demand situation in a certain time zone to the smart contract. The smart contract will divide it into two sets: Mo,vpp is the set of VPPs with power supply capabilities, and Ma,vpp is the set of VPPs that need to purchase electricity. gather. When conducting energy transactions between VPPs, the goal is to deal with the uncertainty of the day-ahead forecast data and minimize the total cost of power deviations among multiple VPPs participating in market operations:
式中，Dp为第p个VPP的售电成本函数，本发明实施例以二次函数描述电能成本。为第p个VPP实际提供功率，/>为第w个VPP需要的功率，ep为成本系数，代表VCG(Vickrey-Clarke-Groves)拍卖中需要满足的功率平衡。In the formula, Dp is the electricity sales cost function of the p-th VPP. The embodiment of the present invention uses a quadratic function to describe the electricity cost. Actually provide power to the p-th VPP,/> is the power required by the wth VPP, ep is the cost coefficient, Represents the power balance that needs to be met in the VCG (Vickrey-Clarke-Groves) auction.
为便于处理，使用ypt作为第p个VPP于时间段t的单位报价，即ypt元/(kW·h)。报价需采用密封报价的形式，通过MD2哈希函数进行加密，背书节点将报价传递给相应VPP，加密过程如下：For ease of processing, ypt is used as the unit quotation of the p-th VPP in time period t, that is, ypt yuan/(kW·h). The quotation must be in the form of a sealed quotation, encrypted through the MD2 hash function, and the endorsement node will pass the quotation to the corresponding VPP. The encryption process is as follows:
H＝S(y,s) (82)H＝S(y,s) (82)
式中，y为VPP的报价ypt；s为投标者自定义的随机字符串。所有报价根据VCG拍卖规则出清(根据机制确定最终价)：将全部有效报价由低至高依次进入出清队列，直至满足偏差电量平衡约束。各中标者的收益为该中标者给其余投标者带来的收益损失。In the formula, y is the quotation ypt of VPP; s is a random string customized by the bidder. All bids are cleared according to the VCG auction rules (the final price is determined according to the mechanism): all valid bids are entered into the clearing queue from low to high until the deviation power balance constraints are met. The revenue of each successful bidder is the revenue loss caused by the successful bidder to the remaining bidders.
之后智能合约计算中标者收益，并通过背书节点传递给相应中标者，其具体收益的计算方式如下：The smart contract then calculates the income of the winning bidder and passes it to the corresponding winning bidder through the endorsement node. The specific income is calculated as follows:
Zp＝V′-V″ (83)Zp =V′-V″ (83)
式中，Zp为第p个中标者收益，V″为出清队伍中其余中标者的总收益，V′为第p个中标者不参与投标时，按照出清规则所形成的新出清队伍的总收益。In the formula, Zp is the income of the p-th winning bidder, V″ is the total income of the remaining winning bidders in the clearing team, and V′ is the new clearing formed according to the clearing rules when the p-th winning bidder does not participate in the bidding. The team's total revenue.
式中，pt为发布者的最终成交价格，为出清队伍中各中标VPP的总收益，为总出清功率，至此，平台可以根据VCG规则进行的偏差电量拍卖结果进行快速，大规模电能出清，在实现消除电能偏差总成本最小的同时，也实现VPP福利最大化。In the formula, pt is the publisher’s final transaction price, In order to clear the total income of each winning VPP in the team, is the total clearing power. At this point, the platform can quickly and large-scale power clearing based on the deviation power auction results conducted by VCG rules, minimizing the total cost of eliminating power deviations and maximizing VPP benefits.
通过上述描述可知，本发明实施例提出的能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法都是在区块链上进行的，区块链技术可以保证在不需要第三方机构参与的情况下，通过代码的方式在满足预设规则时自动执行、验证相应动作和事件。本发明实施例提出的P2P电力交易可通过智能合约完成，这样可以加快交易流程和交替方向乘子法算法在区块链层的执行速度，缩短交易、信息上链的耗费时间，提升用户的使用体验。其具体流程图如图3所示。It can be seen from the above description that the power trading method for joint VPP in the energy blockchain environment proposed by the embodiment of the present invention is all performed on the blockchain, and the blockchain technology can ensure that the power transaction method does not require the participation of a third-party agency. , through code, automatically execute and verify corresponding actions and events when preset rules are met. The P2P electricity transaction proposed by the embodiment of the present invention can be completed through smart contracts, which can speed up the transaction process and the execution speed of the alternating direction multiplier method algorithm at the blockchain layer, shorten the time spent on transactions and information on the chain, and improve user usage experience. The specific flow chart is shown in Figure 3.
本发明还实施例提供一种能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易系统，该系统包括：Another embodiment of the present invention provides a power trading system for joint VPP in an energy blockchain environment. The system includes:
偏好确定模块，用于能源区块链接收并存储产销者确定自身的产销者类别和通过产销者类别确定的能源类别偏好；The preference determination module is used for the energy blockchain to receive and store the producer and marketer's own producer and marketer category and the energy category preference determined by the producer and marketer category;
用能计划获取模块，用于能源区块链接收并发布各产销者自己根据能源类别偏好制定的初始用能计划，以成本最小为目的优化用能计划的效用水平，并通过背书节点反馈，调整用能计划，多次迭代，形成最终的用能计划；The energy usage plan acquisition module is used in the energy blockchain to receive and publish the initial energy usage plans formulated by each producer and seller based on their energy category preferences, optimize the utility level of the energy usage plan with the purpose of minimizing cost, and adjust it through endorsement node feedback The energy use plan is iterated multiple times to form the final energy use plan;
竞价和协商模块，用于能源区块链的智能合约记录好产销者的最终的用能计划后，通过竞价和协商完成交易，并判断VPP内是否达到供需平衡，若未达到，则执行则执行VPP间多边交易模块中的内容；Bidding and negotiation module, the smart contract used in the energy blockchain records the final energy usage plan of the producer and seller, completes the transaction through bidding and negotiation, and determines whether the supply and demand balance is reached in the VPP. If not, then execute. Contents in the inter-VPP multilateral transaction module;
VPP间多边交易模块，用于能源区块链统计实时功率偏差并告知其他VPP，不同VPP间以消除参与市场运行的多个VPP的电能偏差总成本最小为目标进行能源交易。The inter-VPP multilateral trading module is used in the energy blockchain to count real-time power deviations and inform other VPPs. Different VPPs conduct energy transactions with the goal of minimizing the total cost of eliminating power deviations among multiple VPPs participating in market operations.
可理解的是，本发明实施例提供的能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易系统与上述能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法相对应，其有关内容的解释、举例、有益效果等部分可以参考能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法中的相应内容，此处不再赘述。It can be understood that the power trading system for joint VPP in the energy blockchain environment provided by the embodiment of the present invention corresponds to the above-mentioned power trading method for joint VPP in the energy blockchain environment. The relevant explanations, examples, For the beneficial effects and other parts, you can refer to the corresponding content in the power trading method for joint VPP under the energy blockchain environment, and will not be repeated here.
本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，其存储用于能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易的计算机程序，其中，所述计算机程序使得计算机执行如上述所述的能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法。Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program for power transactions for joint VPPs in an energy blockchain environment, wherein the computer program causes the computer to execute the energy zone as described above A power trading method for joint VPP under the blockchain environment.
本发明实施例还提供一种电子设备，包括：An embodiment of the present invention also provides an electronic device, including:
一个或多个处理器；one or more processors;
存储器；以及memory; and
一个或多个程序，其中所述一个或多个程序被存储在所述存储器中，并且被配置成由所述一个或多个处理器执行，所述程序包括用于执行如上述所述的能源区块链环境下面向联合VPP的电力交易方法。One or more programs, wherein said one or more programs are stored in said memory and configured to be executed by said one or more processors, said program comprising an energy source for performing as described above A power trading method for joint VPP under the blockchain environment.
综上所述，与现有技术相比，具备以下有益效果：To sum up, compared with the existing technology, it has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明实施例在进行面向联合VPP的产销者P2P交易时对产销者进行分类和确定了能源偏好，更好满足现实的交易需求，提高产销者参与交易的满意度，从而提高产销者参与交易的积极性、提升面向VPP的能源共享的活跃度。1. The embodiment of the present invention classifies producers and sellers and determines their energy preferences when conducting P2P transactions for joint VPP, so as to better meet the actual transaction needs, improve the satisfaction of producers and sellers participating in the transaction, and thereby improve the participation of producers and sellers. Transaction enthusiasm and increase the activity of energy sharing for VPP.
2、本发明实施例通过VPP内部产销者交易以及各VPP之间的多边交易，实现VPP福利最大化，更高效、更实时地完成系统化的电能交易流程方案的设计，同时进一步消除由于供电不确定性等造成的VPP个体功率偏差，降低运行成本，保护隐私安全，更高效实现供需平衡。2. The embodiment of the present invention maximizes VPP welfare through intra-VPP producer-seller transactions and multilateral transactions between VPPs, completes the design of a systematic electric energy trading process solution more efficiently and in real time, and further eliminates problems due to insufficient power supply. VPP individual power deviation caused by certainty, etc., reduces operating costs, protects privacy and security, and achieves a more efficient balance between supply and demand.
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that these entities or operations are mutually exclusive. any such actual relationship or sequence exists between them. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprises," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also those not expressly listed other elements, or elements inherent to the process, method, article or equipment. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprises a..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the stated element.
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions of the foregoing embodiments. The recorded technical solutions may be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced; however, these modifications or substitutions shall not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of each embodiment of the present invention.
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