Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for identifying a repair partition of an ecosystem in a homeland space planning, which aims to solve the problem of low accuracy in the prior art when identifying ecological information of an ecosystem repair area.
The invention is realized in the following way:
a method for identifying repair partitions of an ecosystem for territorial space planning, the method comprising:
acquiring coordinate information of an outer boundary point of an area to be identified, and respectively acquiring current and historical remote sensing images of the area to be identified according to the coordinate information of the outer boundary point;
according to the current and the historical remote sensing images of the areas to be identified, matching is carried out, and a repair area needing repair in the areas to be identified is determined;
determining coordinate information of the repair area, and independently acquiring remote sensing data of the repair area according to the coordinate information of the repair area;
determining a repair remote sensing image of the repair area according to the remote sensing data so as to identify ecosystem repair information of the repair area;
the step of determining the repair area to be repaired in the area to be identified according to the matching of the remote sensing images of the current area to be identified and the historical area to be identified comprises the following steps:
matching the current and the historical remote sensing images of the areas to be identified, determining characteristic difference parts on the remote sensing images, and determining difference centers of the characteristic difference parts;
determining reference points located on the outermost sides of the difference center among the difference feature portions, and determining a diagonal line according to the two reference points and the difference center;
and determining the repair area according to the diagonal line and the area included by the rectangular frame selected by the two datum point frames.
Further, the method for identifying a repair partition of an ecosystem for planning a homeland space, wherein the step of determining a diagonal line according to the two reference points and the difference center comprises:
judging whether the two datum points and the difference center are on the same straight line or not;
if yes; then taking the connection line of the two datum points and the difference center as the diagonal line;
if not, determining an outer contour line of one of the datum points according to the difference center and one of the datum points;
searching a target datum point which is collinear with the difference center and the other datum point on the outer contour line, and determining the diagonal line according to the difference center, the other datum point and the target datum point.
Further, in the above method for identifying a repair partition of an ecosystem for planning a homeland space, the step of determining a repair area to be repaired in the area to be identified according to the matching of the remote sensing images of the current and historical areas to be identified includes:
acquiring a repair area frame which is generated by framing on the remote sensing image of the area to be identified according to the difference of the remote sensing image of the current area to be identified and the remote sensing image of the area to be identified of the history of the user;
and taking the frame-selected areas of the repair areas as the repair areas in the areas to be identified.
Further, the method for identifying repair partitions of the homeland space planning ecosystem, wherein the step of determining the repair area to be repaired in the area to be identified further includes:
judging whether the repair area completely comprises a characteristic difference part in the area to be identified;
if not, the rectangular frame is adjusted to ensure that the repair area completely comprises the characteristic difference part in the area to be identified.
Further, the method for identifying the repair partition of the homeland space planning ecosystem, wherein the step of framing the repair area frame with the rectangular frame generated on the remote sensing image of the area to be identified comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first position coordinate corresponding to a first click contact point on the remote sensing image and a second position coordinate corresponding to a second click contact point;
connecting the first position coordinates with the second position coordinates to obtain a pair of
A diagonal line, and generating the repair area frame according to the diagonal line;
the first position coordinate is used as the left upper corner coordinate of the repair area frame, and the second position coordinate is used as the right lower corner coordinate of the repair area frame.
Further, the method for identifying the repair partition of the homeland space planning ecosystem, wherein the step of adjusting the rectangular frame comprises the following steps:
and respectively translating the boundary lines in the rectangle inwards or outwards to adjust the repair area frame.
Further, the method for identifying the repair partition of the homeland space planning ecosystem, wherein the step of determining the distribution area of the area to be identified comprises the following steps:
acquiring coordinate information of an outer boundary point of an area to be identified, and mapping the outer boundary point into a preset coordinate system based on the coordinate information;
and in the preset coordinate system, connecting the outer boundary points to obtain an outer boundary point contour line so as to obtain the distribution area of the area to be identified.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for identifying a repair partition of an ecosystem for planning a homeland space, the device comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the coordinate information of the outer boundary point of the area to be identified and respectively acquiring the current and the historical remote sensing images of the area to be identified according to the coordinate information of the outer boundary point;
the matching module is used for matching according to the current remote sensing images and the historical remote sensing images of the areas to be identified, and determining a repair area needing repair in the areas to be identified;
the acquisition module is used for determining the coordinate information of the repair area and independently acquiring remote sensing data of the repair area according to the coordinate information of the repair area;
the identification module is used for determining a repair remote sensing image of the repair area according to the remote sensing data so as to identify the ecological system repair information of the repair area;
the matching module comprises:
the matching unit is used for matching the current and the historical remote sensing images of the areas to be identified, determining a characteristic difference part on the remote sensing images and determining a difference center of the characteristic difference part;
a first determining unit configured to determine a reference point located on the outermost side of both sides of the difference center among the difference feature portions, and determine a diagonal line based on both the reference points and the difference center;
and the second determining unit is used for determining the repair area according to the diagonal line and the area included by the rectangular frame selected by the two datum point frames.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which when executed by a processor performs the steps of the method described above.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, which processor implements the steps of the method described above when executing the program.
The method comprises the steps of acquiring coordinate information of an outer boundary point of an area to be identified, and respectively acquiring current and historical remote sensing images of the area to be identified according to the coordinate information of the outer boundary point; according to the current remote sensing images and the historical remote sensing images of the areas to be identified, matching is carried out, and a repair area needing repair in the areas to be identified is determined; determining coordinate information of the repair area, and independently acquiring remote sensing data of the repair area according to the coordinate information of the repair area; the method has the advantages that the repairing remote sensing image of the repairing area is determined according to the remote sensing data so as to identify the ecological system repairing information of the repairing area, the approximate position of the repairing area is determined according to the matching of the current and the historical remote sensing images of the area to be identified, and the independent remote sensing data of the repairing area is acquired after the repairing area is determined, so that the ecological information of the repairing area is identified by avoiding the acquisition of the remote sensing data of the area to be identified, and the accuracy of the data acquisition of the repairing area is improved. The method solves the problem of low accuracy in the ecological information identification of the ecological system restoration area in the prior art.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more complete description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are presented in the figures. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed types.
The ecological restoration partition identification is an important ring in the ecological restoration planning of the homeland space, is a precondition for implementing accurate management and differentiated construction, and is characterized in that the ecological information of the area needing restoration and each restoration area is clarified, so that the scheme of ecological restoration is clarified, and the ecological quality and the function of the homeland space are promoted.
When the repair area of the ecological system is identified, the corresponding remote sensing image is obtained mainly by collecting the remote sensing data of the current ecological system, so that the area and the ecological information which need to be repaired in the ecological system are determined according to the ecological information displayed by the remote sensing image.
How to improve the accuracy of the repair area identification of the ecosystem will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a method for identifying a repair partition of an ecosystem for planning a homeland space in a first embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the method includes steps S10 to S13.
Step S10, acquiring coordinate information of an outer boundary point of an area to be identified, and respectively acquiring current and historical remote sensing images of the area to be identified according to the coordinate information of the outer boundary point.
The area to be identified is an area where the information of the ecosystem data is required to be acquired in practice, and in this embodiment, the ecosystem data of the area to be identified is mainly identified, for example, grasslands, trees, rivers, mountains and the like;
specifically, coordinate information of an outer boundary point of the area to be identified is obtained, and current and historical remote sensing images of the area to be identified are respectively collected according to the coordinate information of the outer boundary point, wherein the outer boundary point is the outer boundary of the ecosystem area to be identified, the outer boundary point determines the size of the area to be identified, and a contour line formed by surrounding the area to be identified is determined according to the coordinate information of the outer boundary point, so that the surface shape and the shape size of the area to be identified can be accurately known.
In practice, on the premise that the remote sensing image of the area to be identified can be obtained, the current remote sensing image and the historical remote sensing image of the area to be identified can be obtained respectively, so that whether the ecosystem of the current area to be identified changes and the specific changed area can be determined according to the two remote sensing images with time difference.
Specifically, the coordinate information of the outer boundary point can be obtained based on a positioning module (such as a GPS) configured after the unmanned aerial vehicle patrols, or can be manually input by a worker when selecting the area to be identified, and the coordinate information can be a three-dimensional coordinate or a two-dimensional coordinate.
More specifically, in some optional embodiments of the present invention, the determination of the distribution area of the area to be identified by the coordinate information of the outer boundary point may be implemented as follows:
acquiring coordinate information of an outer boundary point of an area to be identified, and mapping the outer boundary point into a preset coordinate system based on the coordinate information;
and in the preset coordinate system, connecting the outer boundary points to obtain an outer boundary point contour line so as to obtain the distribution area of the area to be identified.
In the embodiment, the coordinate information of the outer boundary point is preferably a two-dimensional coordinate, and the preset coordinate is preferably a two-dimensional coordinate system, regardless of the height factor.
In practical situations, considering the convenience of detection and the difficulty of detection caused by irregular shapes, the to-be-identified area is generally presented in a rectangular area shape when the outer boundary point of the to-be-identified area is determined.
Step S11, matching is carried out according to the current remote sensing images and the historical remote sensing images of the areas to be identified, and a repair area needing repair in the areas to be identified is determined.
Specifically, by matching and comparing two remote sensing images with time difference, whether the current ecosystem in the area to be identified is changed or not can be determined according to the characteristic change in the remote sensing images, namely whether a repair area needing to be repaired exists or not, and the position information and the size information of the repair area are determined.
More specifically, as one implementation manner of implementing repair area determination in the embodiment of the present invention:
the step of determining the repair area to be repaired in the area to be identified according to the matching of the remote sensing images of the current area to be identified and the historical area to be identified comprises the following steps:
matching the current and the historical remote sensing images of the areas to be identified, determining characteristic difference parts on the remote sensing images, and determining difference centers of the characteristic difference parts;
determining reference points located on the outermost sides of the difference center among the difference feature portions, and determining a diagonal line according to the two reference points and the difference center;
and determining the repair area according to the diagonal line and the area included by the rectangular frame selected by the two datum point frames.
Firstly, two remote sensing images with time difference are matched, so that a part with the difference is determined, namely, a difference characteristic part is determined, the difference characteristic part is a repair area to be searched, secondly, a difference center of the characteristic difference part is determined, so that the difference center which can comprise the whole characteristic difference part can be determined, and in addition, when the embodiment of the invention is implemented, the difference center of the characteristic difference part can be the geometric center of the region formed by the characteristic difference part; and finally, determining the reference points at the outermost sides of the difference center in the difference characteristic part, determining a diagonal line according to the two reference points and the difference center, and determining a repair area according to the diagonal line and the area included by the rectangular frame selected by the two reference point frames.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the feature difference portion is mapped into a preset coordinate system, wherein the reference point and the center are represented by black dots, the feature difference portion is E, the center of the feature difference portion is found to be D, and since the outermost reference points C on both sides are arranged on the same straight line with the center D, the diagonal line F is directly obtained by connecting the two reference points C, and the final repair area S with a rectangular frame is obtained according to the diagonal line F and the two reference points C.
In addition, in some alternative embodiments of the present invention, the two reference points C are not on the same straight line with the difference center D, specifically, as shown in fig. 3, it is required to determine an outer contour line α of one of the reference points C according to the difference center D and one of the reference points C, search a target reference point H collinear with the difference center D and the other reference point C on the outer contour line α, determine a diagonal line F according to the difference center D, the other reference point C and the target reference point H, and further determine the repair area S.
And step S12, determining the coordinate information of the repair area, and independently acquiring remote sensing data of the repair area according to the coordinate information of the repair area.
Specifically, the coordinate information of the repair area is determined so as to determine the position information and the size information of the repair area, and in order to improve the accuracy of acquiring the ecological information of the repair area, the remote sensing data of the repair area are acquired independently, so that the problem that the accuracy of acquiring the remote sensing data of the repair area is low due to the remote sensing acquisition of the whole area to be identified is avoided.
And step S13, determining a repair remote sensing image of the repair area according to the remote sensing data so as to identify the ecological system repair information of the repair area.
After the repair area is determined, the corresponding remote sensing data acquired in the repair area is relatively complete and accurate, and the ecosystem information contained in the obtained repair remote sensing image of the remote sensing data is more complete, wherein the ecosystem in the repair remote sensing image can be acquired in an image recognition mode, and the ecosystem repair information is determined by comparing the acquired ecosystem information with standard ecosystem information, specifically, the standard ecosystem information can be expected states of people on the current ecological information of the area to be recognized, and in addition, how to recognize the remote sensing image to acquire the ecosystem repair information is a conventional technical means which can be understood by a person skilled in the art, and is not repeated herein.
In summary, according to the method for identifying the repair partition of the homeland space planning ecosystem in the embodiment of the invention, the coordinate information of the outer boundary point of the area to be identified is obtained, and the remote sensing images of the current area to be identified and the historical area to be identified are respectively acquired according to the coordinate information of the outer boundary point; according to the current remote sensing images and the historical remote sensing images of the areas to be identified, matching is carried out, and a repair area needing repair in the areas to be identified is determined; determining coordinate information of the repair area, and independently acquiring remote sensing data of the repair area according to the coordinate information of the repair area; the method has the advantages that the repairing remote sensing image of the repairing area is determined according to the remote sensing data so as to identify the ecological system repairing information of the repairing area, the approximate position of the repairing area is determined according to the matching of the current and the historical remote sensing images of the area to be identified, and the independent remote sensing data of the repairing area is acquired after the repairing area is determined, so that the ecological information of the repairing area is identified by avoiding the acquisition of the remote sensing data of the area to be identified, and the accuracy of the data acquisition of the repairing area is improved. The method solves the problem of low accuracy in the ecological information identification of the ecological system restoration area in the prior art.
Example two
The second embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for identifying a repair partition of a homeland space planning ecosystem, where the method for identifying a repair partition of a homeland space planning ecosystem in this embodiment is different from the method for identifying a repair partition of a homeland space planning ecosystem in the first embodiment in that step S11 includes:
acquiring a repair area frame which is generated by framing on the remote sensing image of the area to be identified according to the difference of the remote sensing image of the current area to be identified and the remote sensing image of the area to be identified of the history of the user;
and taking the frame-selected areas of the repair areas as the repair areas in the areas to be identified.
Specifically, two remote sensing image pictures with time difference of the area to be identified can be observed manually, and the area contained in the repair area frame with rectangular frame generated by manually selecting the part with difference is the repair area in the area to be identified.
More specifically, the step of framing the repair area frame with a rectangular frame on the remote sensing image of the area to be identified includes:
acquiring a first position coordinate corresponding to a first click contact point on the remote sensing image and a second position coordinate corresponding to a second click contact point;
connecting the first position coordinates with the second position coordinates to obtain a pair of
A diagonal line, and generating the repair area frame according to the diagonal line;
the first position coordinate is used as the left upper corner coordinate of the repair area frame, and the second position coordinate is used as the right lower corner coordinate of the repair area frame.
The repair area frame can be determined by acquiring the first position coordinate corresponding to the first click contact point and the second position coordinate corresponding to the second click contact point on the remote sensing image, as shown in fig. 4, after the area to be identified is mapped on the preset coordinate system, the point in the area to be identified can be represented by a black point or other marks, wherein when the first position coordinate a corresponding to the first click contact point and the second position coordinate B corresponding to the second click contact point are determined. Only the first position coordinates and the second position coordinates need to be connected to obtain a diagonal line, and the repair area frame S is generated according to the diagonal line.
In addition, in some optional embodiments of the present invention, the step of determining a repair area that needs to be repaired in the area to be identified further includes:
judging whether the repair area completely comprises a characteristic difference part in the area to be identified;
if not, the rectangular frame is adjusted to ensure that the repair area completely comprises the characteristic difference part in the area to be identified.
In order to ensure that the repair area can be completely selected without leaving partial characteristics, the repair area frame is adjusted after frame selection so as to ensure that the difference part of the attribution self in the area to be identified is completely included. Specifically, the adjustment can be performed in an enlarged manner, so as to obtain the outward offset of the edges in the frame. In addition, the boundary line in the rectangular frame can be respectively translated inwards or outwards to adjust the rectangular frame, and the rectangular frame is enlarged or reduced to ensure that the rectangular frame just comprises all characteristic difference parts.
In summary, according to the method for identifying the repair partition of the homeland space planning ecosystem in the embodiment of the invention, the coordinate information of the outer boundary point of the area to be identified is obtained, and the remote sensing images of the current area to be identified and the historical area to be identified are respectively acquired according to the coordinate information of the outer boundary point; according to the current remote sensing images and the historical remote sensing images of the areas to be identified, matching is carried out, and a repair area needing repair in the areas to be identified is determined; determining coordinate information of the repair area, and independently acquiring remote sensing data of the repair area according to the coordinate information of the repair area; the method has the advantages that the repairing remote sensing image of the repairing area is determined according to the remote sensing data so as to identify the ecological system repairing information of the repairing area, the approximate position of the repairing area is determined according to the matching of the current and the historical remote sensing images of the area to be identified, and the independent remote sensing data of the repairing area is acquired after the repairing area is determined, so that the ecological information of the repairing area is identified by avoiding the acquisition of the remote sensing data of the area to be identified, and the accuracy of the data acquisition of the repairing area is improved. The method solves the problem of low accuracy in the ecological information identification of the ecological system restoration area in the prior art.
Example III
Referring to fig. 5, a device for identifying a repair partition of an ecosystem for planning a homeland space according to a third embodiment of the present invention is shown, the device includes:
the acquisition module 100 is configured to acquire coordinate information of an outer boundary point of an area to be identified, and acquire current and historical remote sensing images of the area to be identified according to the coordinate information of the outer boundary point;
the matching module 200 is configured to determine a repair area to be repaired in the area to be identified according to the current and the historical remote sensing images of the area to be identified;
the acquiring module 300 is configured to determine coordinate information of the repair area, and perform independent acquisition of remote sensing data of the repair area according to the coordinate information of the repair area;
the identifying module 400 is configured to determine a repair remote sensing image of the repair area according to the remote sensing data so as to identify ecosystem repair information of the repair area;
the matching module 200 includes:
the matching unit is used for matching the current and the historical remote sensing images of the areas to be identified, determining a characteristic difference part on the remote sensing images and determining a difference center of the characteristic difference part;
a first determining unit configured to determine a reference point located on the outermost side of both sides of the difference center among the difference feature portions, and determine a diagonal line based on both the reference points and the difference center;
and the second determining unit is used for determining the repair area according to the diagonal line and the area included by the rectangular frame selected by the two datum point frames.
Further, in some optional embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus further includes:
the straight line judging module is used for judging whether the two datum points and the difference center are on the same straight line or not;
if yes; then taking the connection line of the two datum points and the difference center as the diagonal line;
if not, determining an outer contour line of one of the datum points according to the difference center and one of the datum points;
searching a target datum point which is collinear with the difference center and the other datum point on the outer contour line, and determining the diagonal line according to the difference center, the other datum point and the target datum point.
Further, in some optional embodiments of the present invention, the matching module further includes:
the first frame selection unit is used for obtaining a repair area frame which is generated by frame selection on the remote sensing image of the area to be identified and is in a rectangular frame according to the difference of the remote sensing images of the current area to be identified and the historical area to be identified by a user;
and the second frame selection unit is used for respectively taking the frame-selected areas of the repair areas as the repair areas in the areas to be identified.
Further, in some optional embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus further includes:
the restoration area judging module is used for judging whether the restoration area completely comprises the characteristic difference part in the area to be identified;
if not, the rectangular frame is adjusted to ensure that the repair area completely comprises the characteristic difference part in the area to be identified.
Further, in some optional embodiments of the present invention, the first selecting unit further includes:
the first frame selection subunit is used for acquiring a first position coordinate corresponding to a first click contact point and a second position coordinate corresponding to a second click contact point on the remote sensing image;
connecting the first position coordinates with the second position coordinates to obtain a pair of
A diagonal line, and generating the repair area frame according to the diagonal line;
the first position coordinate is used as the left upper corner coordinate of the repair area frame, and the second position coordinate is used as the right lower corner coordinate of the repair area frame.
Further, the above-mentioned land space planning ecosystem restores subregion recognition device, wherein, the regional judgement module of restoration is specifically used for:
and respectively translating the boundary lines in the rectangular frame inwards or outwards to adjust the rectangular frame.
Further, in some optional embodiments of the present invention, the determining the distribution area of the area to be identified includes:
acquiring coordinate information of an outer boundary point of an area to be identified, and mapping the outer boundary point into a preset coordinate system based on the coordinate information;
and in the preset coordinate system, connecting the outer boundary points to obtain an outer boundary point contour line so as to obtain the distribution area of the area to be identified.
The functions or operation steps implemented when the above modules are executed are substantially the same as those in the above method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
Example IV
In another aspect, the present invention provides a readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to any one of the first to second embodiments.
Example five
In another aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the method according to any one of the first to second embodiments.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and for brevity, all of the possible combinations of the technical features of the above embodiments are not described, however, they should be considered as the scope of the description of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the logic and/or steps represented in the flow diagrams or otherwise described herein, e.g., a ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, as the program may be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It is to be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, may be implemented using any one or combination of the following techniques, as is well known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuits having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and the like.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.