技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种含能破片冲击-释能耦合效应的确定方法，属于破片杀伤战斗部领域毁伤效能评估领域，用于确定含能破片因冲击破碎导致化学燃烧并释放能量这一过程对待分析区域产生的总释放能量、气体温度变化和气体压强变化。The invention relates to a method for determining the impact-energy release coupling effect of energetic fragments, which belongs to the field of damage effectiveness assessment in the field of fragmentation warheads and is used to determine the area to be analyzed in the process of chemical combustion and energy release due to impact fragmentation of energetic fragments. The total released energy, gas temperature change and gas pressure change produced.
背景技术Background technique
破片杀伤战斗部在爆轰加载作用下会形成大量高速飞散的破片，对目标造成破坏或杀伤。传统的破片通常由化学活性相对较低的金属材料(如钢、钨、铜等)制成，其毁伤模式主要体现在破片对目标的动能侵彻或机械贯穿。但是近年来，利用活性含能材料(如氟聚物基活性材料、Zr基非晶合金、W/Zr合金、含能高熵合金等)制成的含能破片逐渐成为国内外战斗部研究领域的热点。相比于低化学活性的非含能破片，含能破片高速撞击目标时，不仅可以对目标造成动能侵彻贯穿毁伤，还可以在弹靶作用过程中发生剧烈化学反应并释放大量热量，形成具有显著热效应和超压效应的高温、高压火花碎片云，从而对目标造成引燃、引爆、烧蚀等二次毁伤。虽然非含能破片也具备少量的引燃、引爆、烧蚀、超压等效果，但在综合毁伤性能中所占比例远低于含能破片，在传统非含能破片弹靶作用研究中往往不考虑其化学反应导致的二次毁伤的贡献。因此含能破片的毁伤机理，尤其是冲击-释能过程的耦合效应，是含能破片研发领域迫切需要解决的全新问题。The fragmentation warhead will form a large number of fragments flying at high speed under the action of detonation loading, causing damage or killing to the target. Traditional fragments are usually made of metal materials with relatively low chemical activity (such as steel, tungsten, copper, etc.), and their damage mode is mainly reflected in the kinetic energy penetration or mechanical penetration of the target by the fragments. However, in recent years, energetic fragments made of active energetic materials (such as fluoropolymer-based active materials, Zr-based amorphous alloys, W/Zr alloys, energetic high-entropy alloys, etc.) have gradually become the research field of warheads at home and abroad. hot spot. Compared with non-energetic fragments with low chemical activity, when energetic fragments hit the target at high speed, they can not only cause kinetic energy penetration damage to the target, but also undergo violent chemical reactions and release a large amount of heat during the target action, forming a High-temperature and high-pressure spark debris clouds with significant thermal effects and overpressure effects can cause secondary damage such as ignition, detonation, and ablation to the target. Although non-energetic fragments also have a small amount of ignition, detonation, ablation, overpressure and other effects, their proportion in the comprehensive damage performance is much lower than that of energetic fragments. In the study of traditional non-energetic fragment target effects, The contribution of secondary damage caused by its chemical reaction is not considered. Therefore, the damage mechanism of energetic fragments, especially the coupling effect of the impact-energy release process, is a new problem that urgently needs to be solved in the field of energetic fragment research and development.
在破片毁伤机理的相关研究中，利用计算机仿真技术对破片的毁伤效果进行定量分析一项不可或缺的重要技术手段，对战斗部结构优化、材料性能评价、目标易损性分析、装甲防护结构设计等领域均起着至关重要的作用。但是传统的破片定量仿真分析技术主要面向非含能破片，其研究内容主要包括破片的数量、质量、速度、飞散角分布等，并在此基础上评价破片对特定目标的毁伤能力。而含能破片由于其独特的毁伤模式，引燃、引爆、烧蚀、超压等二次毁伤对靶标造成影响不可忽略，因此在仿真过程中需要充分考虑冲击-释能耦合效应带来的影响。In the related research on fragment damage mechanism, the use of computer simulation technology to quantitatively analyze the damage effect of fragments is an indispensable and important technical means for warhead structural optimization, material performance evaluation, target vulnerability analysis, armor protection structure Fields such as design all play a vital role. However, traditional quantitative fragmentation simulation analysis technology is mainly oriented to non-energetic fragments. Its research content mainly includes the quantity, mass, speed, scattering angle distribution of fragments, etc., and on this basis, the damage ability of fragments to specific targets is evaluated. Due to its unique damage mode, energetic fragments have a non-negligible impact on the target due to secondary damage such as ignition, detonation, ablation, and overpressure. Therefore, the impact of the impact-energy release coupling effect needs to be fully considered during the simulation process. .
然而目前国内外针对含能破片冲击-释能耦合效应的破片定量信息计算仿真方法并不多见，且均存在各自的问题。例如北京理工大学殷艺峰等人使用AUTODYN-3D仿真平台建模，对Al/PTFE活性芯体结构侵彻体侵彻多层靶的毁伤情况进行了数值模拟。计算采用拉格朗日算法，模型全部部件的材料均施加侵蚀算法，使用慢燃炸药模型描述活性材料反应部分的宏观反应过程。模拟结果可以成功还原出活性材料芯体发生爆燃，气体反应产物向外膨胀的过程。中北大学的何降润等人利用基于LS-DYNA软件有限元网格-光滑粒子自适应耦合方法算法，通过数值模拟实现了钨锆合金含能破片对靶标的极限穿透速度、靶后破片云及温度场空间分布特征。含能破片侵彻靶板时，将侵彻过程破碎失效的单元转换为光滑粒子，以实现破片粒子云的模拟和粒子温度变化特性。此外，反应过程中碎片粒子云的热辐射和热传导，以及碎片和靶板之间撞击过程的热能传递也在计算过程中予以考虑。However, at present, there are few fragmentation quantitative information calculation and simulation methods at home and abroad for the coupling effect of energetic fragment impact-energy release, and all have their own problems. For example, Yin Yifeng and others from Beijing Institute of Technology used the AUTODYN-3D simulation platform to conduct numerical simulations of the damage caused by an Al/PTFE active core structure penetrating body penetrating a multi-layer target. The calculation adopts the Lagrangian algorithm, and the erosion algorithm is applied to the materials of all parts of the model. The slow-burning explosive model is used to describe the macroscopic reaction process of the reaction part of the active material. The simulation results can successfully restore the process of deflagration of the active material core and the outward expansion of gas reaction products. He Jiangrun and others from North China University used the finite element mesh-smooth particle adaptive coupling method algorithm based on LS-DYNA software to realize the ultimate penetration speed of tungsten-zirconium alloy energetic fragments on the target and the fragmentation behind the target through numerical simulation. Spatial distribution characteristics of cloud and temperature fields. When energetic fragments penetrate the target plate, the broken and failed units during the penetration process are converted into smooth particles to realize the simulation of the fragment particle cloud and the particle temperature change characteristics. In addition, the thermal radiation and heat conduction of the fragment particle cloud during the reaction process, as well as the heat energy transfer during the impact process between the fragments and the target plate are also considered in the calculation process.
这些方法的共通之处在于利用有限元软件平台自带的燃烧反应模块对释能过程进行仿真，因此计算速度显著低于非含能体系的仿真。其次，计算过程需要提前获得含能材料的状态方程或反应参数。早期含能破片主要是以铝、锆、钨等单一元素为主的合金制备而成，或用高强度金属材料包覆聚四氟乙烯等活性材料，因此其反应方程或燃烧动力学参数的获取相对容易。而对于近年来新型的多主元固溶体型含能合金破片，由于其成分空间广，元素种类多，反应类型复杂，难以获得准确、普适的化学反应方程及反应参数，进而难以通过以上方法进行计算。更重要的是，早期的含能破片(如Al/PTFE，NiAl等)普遍活性极高但力学性能较差，弹靶作用过程中破碎剧烈，燃烧速度极快，因此可以用类似火炸药的反应模型准确描述。而新型含能合金破片由于兼具高反应活性和良好的力学性能，因此在高速撞击目标后，仅有部分碎片满足发生燃烧释能的阈值条件。且其燃烧速度和点燃判据均与早期含能破片有显著差异，几乎不具有冲击引发爆燃反应的能力。因此传统的含能破片数值模拟技术难以满足新型含能合金破片的弹靶作用过程的准确仿真分析。What these methods have in common is that the combustion reaction module that comes with the finite element software platform is used to simulate the energy release process, so the calculation speed is significantly lower than the simulation of non-energetic systems. Secondly, the calculation process requires obtaining the state equation or reaction parameters of energetic materials in advance. Early energetic fragments were mainly made of alloys based on single elements such as aluminum, zirconium, and tungsten, or were coated with active materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene with high-strength metal materials. Therefore, the acquisition of reaction equations or combustion kinetic parameters relatively easy. For the new multi-principal solid solution energetic alloy fragments in recent years, due to their wide composition space, many types of elements, and complex reaction types, it is difficult to obtain accurate and universal chemical reaction equations and reaction parameters, and it is difficult to use the above methods. calculate. More importantly, early energetic fragments (such as Al/PTFE, NiAl, etc.) are generally extremely active but have poor mechanical properties. They break violently during the target action and burn extremely fast, so they can be used in reactions similar to fire explosives. The model is accurately described. As the new energetic alloy fragments have both high reactivity and good mechanical properties, after hitting the target at high speed, only some of the fragments meet the threshold conditions for combustion and energy release. Moreover, its burning speed and ignition criteria are significantly different from those of early energetic fragments, and it has almost no ability to trigger deflagration reactions due to impact. Therefore, the traditional numerical simulation technology of energetic fragments cannot satisfy the accurate simulation analysis of the target action process of new energetic alloy fragments.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是针对含能破片毁伤威力仿真方法中存在的问题，提供一种含能破片冲击-释能耦合效应的确定方法，实现对含能破片弹靶作用过程中燃烧释能总量、环境气体温度和压强变化的确定，从而对战斗部结构优化、材料性能评价、目标易损性分析、装甲防护结构设计进行指导。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the impact-energy release coupling effect of energetic fragments, aiming at the problems existing in the simulation method of energetic fragment damage power, so as to realize the combustion release during the action of energetic fragment missile targets. The total amount of energy, ambient gas temperature and pressure changes are determined to provide guidance for warhead structural optimization, material performance evaluation, target vulnerability analysis, and armor protection structure design.
基于上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：Based on the above objectives, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:
一种含能破片冲击-释能耦合效应的确定方法，该方法的步骤包括：A method for determining the impact-energy release coupling effect of energetic fragments. The steps of the method include:
步骤S1、利用有限元仿真软件对含能破片的冲击过程进行仿真，仿真过程采用有限元网格-光滑粒子自适应耦合方法，将失效单元自动转化为光滑粒子，也可以全部采用光滑粒子法。二者仅在碎片统计方法上有所区别，但不影响冲击-释能耦合的计算过程。计算结束后，将所有计算结果输出至数据文件中；Step S1: Use finite element simulation software to simulate the impact process of energetic fragments. The simulation process uses the finite element grid-smooth particle adaptive coupling method to automatically convert failed units into smooth particles, or all smooth particle methods can be used. The two only differ in the fragmentation statistical method, but do not affect the calculation process of impact-energy release coupling. After the calculation is completed, all calculation results are output to the data file;
步骤S2、利用步骤S1的计算结果得到每个时刻(即每一帧)每一个碎片的质量、温度和空间坐标；Step S2: Use the calculation results of step S1 to obtain the mass, temperature and spatial coordinates of each fragment at each moment (i.e. each frame);
步骤S3、读取一帧数据，对该帧数据中的每一个碎片进行识别，并记录其类型与编号；Step S3: Read a frame of data, identify each fragment in the frame data, and record its type and number;
步骤S4、对一个碎片进行分析，判断该碎片是否达到燃烧条件。如果碎片不燃烧，则转到下一个碎片，直至所有碎片均分析完成；Step S4: Analyze a fragment to determine whether the fragment reaches combustion conditions. If the fragment does not burn, move on to the next fragment until all fragments have been analyzed;
步骤S5、如果碎片燃烧，则判断碎片是否为类型2；如不是类型2，先计算其从母碎片继承的能量ΔQ′，再加上ΔQ3，即可得到该碎片对待分析区域的能量贡献ΔQ′+ΔQ3。Step S5. If the fragment burns, determine whether the fragment is type 2; if it is not type 2, first calculate the energy ΔQ ′ inherited from the parent fragment, and then add ΔQ3 to get the energy of the fragment to be analyzed. Contribution ΔQ ′+ΔQ3 .
步骤S6、如果碎片是类型2，先计算其从母碎片继承的能量ΔQ′，再向前检索并分析之前所有帧的数据，直到确定其有效飞行时间Δt，从而计算出ΔQ2。二者相加即可得到对待分析区域的能量贡献ΔQ′+ΔQ2。Step S6: If the fragment is type 2, first calculate the energy ΔQ ′ inherited from the parent fragment, and then retrieve and analyze the data of all previous frames until its effective flight time Δt is determined, thereby calculating ΔQ2 . Adding the two can obtain the energy contribution ΔQ ′+ΔQ2 of the area to be analyzed.
步骤S7、所有碎片分析完成后，对该帧内所有碎片对待分析区域的能量贡献求和，得到总释放能量ΣQ，继而可以得到该区域内的气体温度变化ΔT=ΣQ/ρVc，其中ρ为气体介质密度，V为待分析区域的体积，c为气体介质定容热容。如待分析区域内初始时刻(未发生能量释放时)的平均气体温度为T0，则发生反应后的平均气体温度为T0+ΔT。考虑到冲击-释能过程中气体状态变化类似绝热过程，因此其平均气体压强可以近似计算为：。其中P0为初始时刻(未发生能量释放时)的释能场平均气体压强，γ为气体介质的绝热指数。从而可以得到气体压强变化：/>。Step S7. After the analysis of all fragments is completed, the energy contributions of all fragments in the frame to be analyzed are summed to obtain the total released energy ΣQ. Then the gas temperature change in the area ΔT =ΣQ /ρVc can be obtained, whereρ is the density of the gas medium,V is the volume of the area to be analyzed,and c is the heat capacity of the gas medium at constant volume. If the average gas temperature at the initial moment in the area to be analyzed (when no energy release occurs) isT0 , then the average gas temperature after the reaction occurs isT0 +ΔT . Considering that the gas state change during the impact-energy release process is similar to an adiabatic process, the average gas pressure can be approximately calculated as: . Among them,P0 is the average gas pressure of the energy release field at the initial moment (when no energy release occurs),and γ is the adiabatic index of the gas medium. Thus, the gas pressure change can be obtained:/> .
步骤S8、根据步骤S7得到的气体温度变化ΔT、气体压强变化ΔP、总释放能量ΣQ，并结合当前帧对应的系统时间t，即可得到ΔT、ΔP、ΣQ随时间t的变化曲线。该结果可以用于含能破片引燃可燃物、引爆靶弹、烧伤生命体等二次毁伤效应的定量评估，对战斗部结构优化、材料性能评价、目标易损性分析、装甲防护结构设计进行指导。Step S8. According to the gas temperature changeΔT , gas pressure changeΔP , and total released energyΣQ obtained in step S7, combined with the system timet corresponding to the current frame, we can obtainΔT ,ΔP , andΣQ with timet change curve. The results can be used to quantitatively evaluate secondary damage effects such as energetic fragments igniting combustibles, detonating target missiles, and burning living bodies, and can be used for structural optimization of warheads, material performance evaluation, target vulnerability analysis, and armor protection structure design. guide.
所述步骤S3、S4中，碎片的类型的确定方法为：In the steps S3 and S4, the method for determining the type of fragments is:
对于碎片的每一个运动时刻，将碎片分成三类，第一类为不可燃烧碎片(记为类型1)，其质量大于m1，且温度小于T1。其中T1为质量为m1的碎片能发生燃烧反应的最低温度；第二类为持续燃烧碎片(记为类型2)，其质量大于m2，且温度大于T2。其中T2为质量为m2的碎片能发生燃烧反应的最低温度；第三类充分燃烧碎片(记为类型3)，其质量小于m2，并假定当碎片足够小(接近粉末尺寸)时，均可充分燃烧。其中，m1，m2，T1，T2均由相关实验获得，比如燃烧实验。For each movement moment of the debris, the debris is divided into three categories. The first category is non-combustible debris (recorded as type 1), whose mass is greater thanm1 and whose temperature is less thanT1 . Among them,T1 is the lowest temperature at which the combustion reaction can occur for fragments with massm1 ; the second type is continuous burning fragments (recorded as type 2), whose mass is greater thanm2 and the temperature is greater thanT2 . Among them,T2 is the lowest temperature at which the combustion reaction can occur for fragments with massm2 ; the third type of fully burned fragments (recorded as type 3) has a mass less thanm2 , and it is assumed that when the fragments are small enough (close to powder size), All can be fully burned. Among them,m1 ,m2 ,T1 , andT2 are all obtained from relevant experiments, such as combustion experiments.
碎片类型的转化遵循如下法则：各类型的碎片在自由飞行阶段，自身状态保持不变。当碎片发生碰撞，或在应力作用下分解后，类型1的碎片如满足类型2的判据，则转化为类型2；类型1的碎片如满足类型3的判据，则转化为类型3；类型2的碎片如满足类型3的判据，则转化为类型3；类型3的碎片不可以转化为类型1或2。类型1和2可以进一步分解成子碎片，且子碎片按照质量比例继承母碎片在碎裂时刻的能量释放量ΔQ′；类型3不可继续分解。The transformation of debris types follows the following rules: the status of each type of debris remains unchanged during the free flight phase. When fragments collide or decompose under stress, type 1 fragments are converted to type 2 if they meet the criteria of type 2; type 1 fragments are converted to type 3 if they meet the criteria of type 3; type 1 fragments are converted to type 3 if they meet the criteria of type 2. If fragments of type 2 meet the criteria of type 3, they will be converted to type 3; fragments of type 3 cannot be converted to type 1 or 2. Types 1 and 2 can be further decomposed into sub-fragments, and the sub-fragments inherit the energy release amount ΔQ ′ of the parent fragment at the moment of fragmentation in proportion to mass; type 3 cannot be further decomposed.
所述步骤S3中，碎片的编号的确定方法为：In step S3, the method for determining the number of fragments is:
从第一帧数据开始，对每一个碎片进行编号，该编号在碎片的整个生存周期内具有唯一性，即碎片在飞行、碰撞过程中编号均保持不变。如该碎片继续分裂产生其他子碎片，则该编号停止追踪，并对每个子碎片赋予新的编号；Starting from the first frame of data, each fragment is numbered. This number is unique during the entire life cycle of the fragment, that is, the number of the fragment remains unchanged during flight and collision. If the fragment continues to split to produce other sub-fragments, the number will stop tracking and a new number will be assigned to each sub-fragment;
所述步骤S5、S6中，碎片的碎片对待分析区域的能量贡献的确定方法为：In the steps S5 and S6, the method for determining the energy contribution of the fragments to the area to be analyzed is:
从第一帧数据开始，分析该帧中每一个碎片的类型，并计算其能量释放量。对于类型1的碎片，其能量释放量为0；对于类型2的碎片，其能量释放量ΔQ2=qΔt，其中q为该质量条件下该材料单位时间内的放热，其取值由燃烧实验确定，Δt为该碎片从开始变化为该类型到当前时刻的总时间(以下记为该碎片的有效飞行时间)；对于类型3的碎片，能量释放量为定值，记作ΔQ3，其含义为该质量碎片完全燃烧所释放的全部能量。Starting from the first frame of data, analyze the type of each fragment in the frame and calculate its energy release. For type 1 fragments, the energy release amount is 0; for type 2 fragments, the energy release amount ΔQ2 =q Δt , whereq is the heat release of the material per unit time under the mass condition, and its value Determined by the combustion experiment,Δt is the total time from the beginning of the fragment changing to this type to the current moment (hereinafter recorded as the effective flight time of the fragment); for type 3 fragments, the energy release amount is a constant value, recorded as ΔQ3 , which means the total energy released by the complete combustion of fragments of this mass.
从第一帧数据开始，计算每一帧中每一片碎片对总释放能量的贡献：对于类型1的碎片，对总释放能量无贡献；对于类型2的碎片，对总释放能量的贡献等于其从母碎片继承的能量ΔQ′加上自身燃烧释放的能量ΔQ2。对于类型3的碎片，对总释放能量的贡献等于其从母碎片继承的能量ΔQ′加上自身燃烧释放的能量ΔQ3。Starting from the first frame of data, calculate the contribution of each fragment in each frame to the total released energy: for type 1 fragments, there is no contribution to the total released energy; for type 2 fragments, the contribution to the total released energy is equal to its contribution from The energy ΔQ ′ inherited by the parent fragment is added to the energy ΔQ2 released by its own combustion. For a type 3 fragment, its contribution to the total released energy is equal to the energy it inherits from the parent fragment ΔQ ′ plus the energy released by its own combustion ΔQ3 .
所述步骤S6中，碎片的有效飞行时间的确定方法为：In step S6, the method for determining the effective flight time of the fragments is:
从第一帧数据开始，每个碎片的有效飞行时间均为0。如果下一帧中某一个碎片的与前一帧相比没有发生分解，则下一帧该碎片的有效飞行时间变为Δt+δt，其中δt为相邻两帧对应的时间步长，可从计算结果的数据文件中读取；Δt为上一帧该碎片的有效飞行时间。如果下一帧中某一个碎片的与前一帧相比发生了分解，则停止对母碎片有效飞行时间的更新，并将每个子碎片的有效飞行时间设置为0。Starting from the first frame of data, the effective flight time of each fragment is 0. If a fragment in the next frame does not decompose compared with the previous frame, the effective flight time of the fragment in the next frame becomesΔt +δt , whereδt is the time step corresponding to two adjacent frames, which can be Read from the data file of the calculation result; Δtis the effective flight time of the fragment in the previous frame. If a fragment in the next frame is decomposed compared with the previous frame, the update of the effective flight time of the parent fragment is stopped, and the effective flight time of each child fragment is set to 0.
所述步骤S7中，气体温度变化和气体压强变化的确定方法为：In step S7, the determination method of gas temperature change and gas pressure change is:
确定待分析区域的体积和气体介质类型。其中待分析区域的确定需结合实际问题，例如可以设定为圆柱形或矩形区域，也可设定为飞机、车辆的驾驶舱等实际形状。在确定待分析区域形状后即可明确其内部气体体积V。气体介质可以根据实际计算需求，设定为空气、氧气、惰性气体或其他气体，从而可以明确。气体介质密度ρ和气体介质定容热容c。T0、P0可以根据实际需要进行设置。Determine the volume and gas medium type of the area to be analyzed. The area to be analyzed needs to be determined based on actual problems. For example, it can be set to a cylindrical or rectangular area, or it can be set to an actual shape such as the cockpit of an airplane or vehicle. After determining the shape of the area to be analyzed, its internal gas volumeV can be determined. The gas medium can be set to air, oxygen, inert gas or other gases according to actual calculation requirements, so that it can be specified. The gas medium densityρ and the gas medium constant volume heat capacityc .T0 andP0 can be set according to actual needs.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1. 本发明在LS-DYNA求解计算含能材料冲击-破碎过程的基础之上，通过数值耦合的形式获得燃烧产生的能量释放，进而计算出待分析区域的平均温度和气压变化。该方法具有模型简单可靠，流程简洁和计算速度快的优势，非常适合用于含能材料冲击-释能效果的快速分析评价。1. Based on the LS-DYNA solution and calculation of the impact-fragmentation process of energetic materials, the present invention obtains the energy release generated by combustion through numerical coupling, and then calculates the average temperature and air pressure changes in the area to be analyzed. This method has the advantages of simple and reliable model, simple process and fast calculation speed, and is very suitable for rapid analysis and evaluation of the impact-energy release effect of energetic materials.
2. 本发明不仅限于破片的侵彻过程，还可应用于含能壳体、弹丸、甚至整个战斗部等多种含能毁伤元的弹靶作用过程。此外，本发明也可以用于分析含能材料在霍普金森拉/压杆装置中的动态变形与能量释放过程。2. The present invention is not limited to the penetration process of fragments, but can also be applied to the target action process of various energy-containing damage elements such as energetic shells, projectiles, and even entire warheads. In addition, the present invention can also be used to analyze the dynamic deformation and energy release process of energetic materials in the Hopkinson tension/compression rod device.
3. 本发明充分利用含能材料的燃烧实验数据，计算结果相比与其他方法更科学、准确。3. This invention makes full use of the combustion experimental data of energetic materials, and the calculation results are more scientific and accurate compared with other methods.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了实现上述目的，本发明使用LS-DYNA等有限元仿真软件完成数值破片与靶标作用过程的计算，并利用LS-PREPOST等后处理程序查看计算结果并提取相关数据。通过本发明中开发的处理程序，利用提取的数据实现破片碎片化学燃烧并释放能量对待分析区域的影响的定量确定，并将破片在不同时间对待分析区域产生的总释放能量、气体温度变化和气体压强变化写入到文本文件中。In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention uses finite element simulation software such as LS-DYNA to complete the calculation of the interaction process between numerical fragments and targets, and uses post-processing programs such as LS-PREPOST to view the calculation results and extract relevant data. Through the processing program developed in this invention, the extracted data is used to quantitatively determine the impact of the chemical combustion and energy release of fragments on the area to be analyzed, and the total released energy, gas temperature changes and gas generated by the fragments at different times in the area to be analyzed are Pressure changes are written to a text file.
实施例1Example 1
利用有限元仿真软件LS-DYNA对含能破片的冲击过程进行仿真，仿真过程采用有限元网格-光滑粒子自适应耦合方法，将失效单元自动转化为光滑粒子。计算结束后，利用LS-PREPOST读取计算结果并输出至数据文件中。从计算结果中可以得到每个时刻(即每一帧)每一个碎片的质量、温度和空间坐标。The finite element simulation software LS-DYNA is used to simulate the impact process of energetic fragments. The simulation process adopts the finite element grid-smooth particle adaptive coupling method to automatically convert failed units into smooth particles. After the calculation is completed, use LS-PREPOST to read the calculation results and output them to a data file. From the calculation results, the mass, temperature and spatial coordinates of each fragment at each moment (i.e. each frame) can be obtained.
明确本方法中所涉及的相关参数，例如将待分析区域设定为容积为V的密闭圆柱形区域，气体介质为空气，初始温度为T0，压强为P0，气体介质密度为ρ，气体介质定容热容为c，气体介质的绝热指数为γ。通过燃烧实验获得破片材料相关参数q，m1，m2，T1，T2和ΔQ3。Clarify the relevant parameters involved in this method, for example, set the area to be analyzed as a closed cylindrical area with a volumeV , the gas medium is air, the initial temperature isT0 , the pressure isP0 , the gas medium density is ρ, and the gas medium density isρ . The heat capacity of the medium at constant volume isc , and the adiabatic index of the gas medium isγ . The fragment material related parametersq ,m1 ,m2 ,T1 ,T2 and ΔQ3 are obtained through combustion experiments.
读取一帧数据，对该帧数据中的每一个碎片进行识别，并记录其类型与编号，进而计算出该碎片对待分析区域的能量贡献。例如对于第1帧中编号为1的碎片，根据其质量和温度判断该碎片类型为类型1，因此跳过；转到编号为2的碎片，根据其质量和温度判断碎片类型为类型2，则其有效飞行时间Δt=δt，对待分析区域的能量贡献为ΔQ2=qδt；转到编号为3的碎片，根据其质量和温度判断碎片类型为类型3，其对待分析区域的能量贡献为ΔQ3。以此类推，直到第1帧中的所有碎片全部计算完成(假设第1帧中碎片的最大编号为N)。Read a frame of data, identify each fragment in the frame data, record its type and number, and then calculate the energy contribution of the fragment to the area to be analyzed. For example, for the fragment numbered 1 in frame 1, the fragment type is judged to be type 1 based on its mass and temperature, so skip; go to the fragment numbered 2, and the fragment type is judged to be type 2 based on its mass and temperature, then Its effective flight timeΔt =δt , the energy contribution to the area to be analyzed is ΔQ2 =qδt ; turn to the fragment numbered 3, the fragment type is judged to be type 3 based on its mass and temperature, and its energy contribution to the area to be analyzed isΔQ3 . And so on, until all fragments in frame 1 are calculated (assuming that the maximum number of fragments in frame 1 isN ).
第1帧中所有碎片分析完成后，对该帧内所有碎片对待分析区域的能量贡献求和，得到总释放能量ΣQ，继而可以得到该区域内的气体温度变化：ΔT=ΣQ/ρVc，以及气体压强变化：。最后将第1帧对应的系统时间t，ΣQ，ΔT和ΔP的值输出到文本文件中。After the analysis of all fragments in the first frame is completed, the energy contributions of all fragments in the frame to be analyzed are summed to obtain the total released energy ΣQ , and then the gas temperature change in the area can be obtained: ΔT =ΣQ /ρVc , and the gas pressure change: . Finally, the system timet , ΣQ, ΔT and ΔP values corresponding to the first frame are output to a text file.
对于第2帧，经对比确认编号为1的碎片转变为类型2，则其有效飞行时间Δt=δt，对待分析区域的能量贡献为ΔQ2=qΔt；编号为2的碎片分解为两个子碎片，分别赋予它们新编号N+1和N+2，对应的质量分别为ma和mb，则它们从碎片2继承的能量ΔQ′分别为ΔQ2ma/(ma+mb)和ΔQ2mb/(ma+mb)，且有效飞行时间均为δt，从而它们对待分析区域的能量贡献分别为ΔQ2ma/(ma+mb)+qδt和ΔQ2mb/(ma+mb)+qδt。对于编号为3的碎片，其对待分析区域的能量贡献依然为ΔQ3不变。以此类推，直到第2帧中的所有碎片全部计算完成直到所有帧中的所有碎片全部计算完成。最后将第2帧对应的系统时间t，ΣQ，ΔT和ΔP的值输出到文本文件中。For the second frame, after comparison, it is confirmed that the fragment numbered 1 hastransformed into type 2, then its effective flight timeΔt =δt , and the energy contribution to the area to be analyzed isΔQ2 =qΔt ; the fragment numbered2 is decomposed into The two sub-fragments are given new numbersN +1 andN +2 respectively, and the corresponding masses arema andmb respectively. Then the energy ΔQ ′ they inherit from fragment 2 is ΔQ2ma /(ma +mb ) and ΔQ2mb /(ma +mb ), and the effective flight time isδt , so their energy contribution to the area to be analyzed is ΔQ2ma /(ma +mb ) respectively. +qδt and ΔQ2mb /(ma +mb )+qδt . For the fragment numbered 3, its energy contribution to the area to be analyzed is still ΔQ3 . And so on, until all fragments in frame 2 are calculated until all fragments in all frames are calculated. Finally, the system timet , ΣQ, ΔT and ΔP values corresponding to the second frame are output to a text file.
不断重复上述过程，直到所有帧均处理完毕。最终得到ΔT、ΔP、ΣQ随系统时间t的变化曲线。The above process is repeated until all frames have been processed. Finally, the variation curves ofΔT ,ΔP , andΣQ with system timet are obtained.
得到的ΔT、ΔP、ΣQ随时间t的变化曲线用于含能破片引燃可燃物、引爆靶弹、烧伤生命体二次毁伤效应的定量评估，对战斗部结构优化、材料性能评价、目标易损性分析、装甲防护结构设计进行指导。The obtained change curves of ΔT , ΔP , and ΣQ with timet are used to quantitatively evaluate the secondary damage effects of energetic fragments igniting combustibles, detonating target missiles, and burning living bodies, and for structural optimization of warheads and material performance evaluation. , target vulnerability analysis, and armor protection structure design guidance.
综上所述，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。To sum up, the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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