技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及一种换热器技术，尤其涉及一种板式换热器。The invention relates to a heat exchanger technology, in particular to a plate heat exchanger.
背景技术Background technique
换热器是将冷热流体进行热量交换的设备，也称热交换器。换热器在诸多领域均被广泛应用。在如电子、石化、通信、航空航天等领域由于其工作场景较为特殊，因此对换热器的尺寸和重量有着特殊要求，且要求其换热能力更强。1981年有学者提出利用微通道进行散热，既可以缩小换热器的体积又可以利用微通道较高的比表面积大幅提高其换热能力。然而其虽然换热能力较强，但由于微通道的水力直径较小其整体的压力损失也较高。A heat exchanger is a device that exchanges heat between hot and cold fluids, also known as a heat exchanger. Heat exchangers are widely used in many fields. In fields such as electronics, petrochemicals, communications, aerospace, etc., due to their special working scenes, there are special requirements for the size and weight of the heat exchanger, and their heat exchange capacity is required to be stronger. In 1981, some scholars proposed the use of microchannels for heat dissipation, which can not only reduce the volume of the heat exchanger but also greatly improve its heat exchange capacity by utilizing the higher specific surface area of the microchannel. However, although its heat exchange capacity is strong, its overall pressure loss is also high due to the small hydraulic diameter of the microchannel.
平板式换热器是目前各类换热器中换热效率最高的一种换热器，它具有占用空间小，安装拆卸方便的优点。其由冲压成形的凹凸不锈钢板组成，两相邻板片之间的凹凸纹路成180度相对组合，因此板式热交换器两板片之间的凹凸脊线形成了交错的接触点，将接触点以真空焊接方式结合后，就形成了板式热交换器的耐高压交错流通结构，这些交错的流通结构使得板式热交换器内的冷热液体产生强烈紊流而达到高换热效果。The plate heat exchanger is the heat exchanger with the highest heat exchange efficiency among all types of heat exchangers. It has the advantages of small space occupation and easy installation and disassembly. It is composed of stamped concave and convex stainless steel plates. The concave and convex patterns between two adjacent plates are 180 degrees relative to each other. Therefore, the concave and convex ridges between the two plates of the plate heat exchanger form staggered contact points. After the contact points are combined by vacuum welding, the high-pressure resistant staggered flow structure of the plate heat exchanger is formed. These staggered flow structures make the cold and hot liquids in the plate heat exchanger produce strong turbulence to achieve high heat exchange effect.
扁平管近些年被广泛应用于汽车空调单元以及住宅或商业空调换热器。此种扁平管内部设置多个小的通道，在使用时，换热液体流过扁平管内的多个通道。因为扁平管换热面积大，因此能够大大提高换热效果。Flat tubes have been widely used in automotive air conditioning units and residential or commercial air conditioning heat exchangers in recent years. This type of flat tube has multiple small channels inside, and when in use, the heat exchange liquid flows through the multiple channels inside the flat tube. Because the flat tube has a large heat exchange area, it can greatly improve the heat exchange effect.
平板式换热器被广泛应用于化工、石油、制冷、核能和动力等工业，由于世界性的能源危机，为了降低能耗，工业生产中对换热器的需求量也越来越多，对换热器的质量要求也越来越高。近几十年来，虽然紧凑式换热器(板式、板翅式、压焊板式换热器等)、热管式换热器、直接接触式换热器等得到了迅速的发展，但由于管壳式换热器具有高度的可靠性和广泛的适应性，其仍占据产量和用量的统治地位，据相关统计，目前工业装置中管壳式换热器的用量仍占全部换热器用量的70％左右。Flat plate heat exchangers are widely used in industries such as chemical industry, petroleum, refrigeration, nuclear energy and power. Due to the global energy crisis, in order to reduce energy consumption, the demand for heat exchangers in industrial production is increasing, and the quality requirements for heat exchangers are also getting higher and higher. In recent decades, although compact heat exchangers (plate, plate-fin, press-welded plate heat exchangers, etc.), heat pipe heat exchangers, direct contact heat exchangers, etc. have developed rapidly, shell and tube heat exchangers still dominate production and usage due to their high reliability and wide adaptability. According to relevant statistics, the use of shell and tube heat exchangers in industrial devices still accounts for about 70% of all heat exchangers.
平板式换热器结垢后，采取常规的蒸汽清扫、反冲洗等方式对换热器进行清洗，生产实践证明，效果不是很好。只能将换热器的封头拆卸下来，采用物理清理的方式，但采取该种方式进行清洗，操作复杂、耗时长，人力、物力投资较大，对连续化的工业生产带来极大的困难。After the flat plate heat exchanger is scaled, conventional steam cleaning and backwashing are used to clean the heat exchanger. Production practice has shown that the effect is not very good. The only way is to disassemble the heat exchanger head and use physical cleaning. However, this method of cleaning is complicated and time-consuming, and requires a large investment in manpower and material resources, which brings great difficulties to continuous industrial production.
在制冷设备中，各种制冷换热器是不可或缺的关键设备，也是能够改善其性能的重要设备。在小型制冷系统中，人们对换热器的质量、体积和换热性能提出了越来越高的要求。普通的翅片管式换热器，翅片与管路之间存在较大的间隙热阻，削弱换热效果，且尺寸体积较大，不利于系统的小型化、轻量化。但在间壁式微型换热器中，换热片通过钎焊连接在一起，提高了换热效率。且间壁式微型换热器具有尺寸小、传热系数较高等突出优点，在小型制冷系统中的应用越来越普遍。In refrigeration equipment, various refrigeration heat exchangers are indispensable key equipment and important equipment that can improve its performance. In small refrigeration systems, people have put forward higher and higher requirements on the quality, volume and heat exchange performance of heat exchangers. In ordinary fin-tube heat exchangers, there is a large gap thermal resistance between the fins and the pipes, which weakens the heat exchange effect, and the size and volume are large, which is not conducive to the miniaturization and lightweight of the system. However, in the partition-type micro heat exchanger, the heat exchange fins are connected together by brazing, which improves the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, the partition-type micro heat exchanger has outstanding advantages such as small size and high heat transfer coefficient, and its application in small refrigeration systems is becoming more and more common.
在间接液体冷却方案中，采用换热器进行换热。换热器是一个内有流道结构的金属换热器件，通常由铜或铝制成。将换热液体与换热器底板底面直接接触，传热的热量传导至换热器，然后换热器与内部的冷却液体进行对流换热将热量带走。整个液冷系统利用泵为工质的循环提供动力，相对于风冷系统，液冷系统结构更加紧凑。而且所使用的冷却液体多为与换热器材料兼容的去离子水、指定百分比的乙二醇—去离子水、纳米液体等介质，它们具有比空气更高的比热容和导热系数，在散热效果上优于风冷。此外，相比于风冷系统，间接液冷系统噪音水平明显降低。In the indirect liquid cooling solution, a heat exchanger is used for heat exchange. A heat exchanger is a metal heat exchange device with a flow channel structure, usually made of copper or aluminum. The heat exchange liquid is directly in contact with the bottom surface of the heat exchanger base plate, and the heat is transferred to the heat exchanger, and then the heat exchanger and the internal cooling liquid are convectively exchanged to take away the heat. The entire liquid cooling system uses a pump to provide power for the circulation of the working fluid. Compared with the air cooling system, the liquid cooling system has a more compact structure. Moreover, the cooling liquids used are mostly deionized water compatible with the heat exchanger material, a specified percentage of ethylene glycol-deionized water, nano liquids and other media. They have higher specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity than air, and are better than air cooling in heat dissipation effect. In addition, compared with the air cooling system, the noise level of the indirect liquid cooling system is significantly reduced.
近年来，为满足换热需求，已展开对间接液冷系统的研究，涉及换热器结构、冷却液体选取、管道布置等诸多方面，发现换热器结构对液冷系统换热和功耗的影响尤为显著。换热器一般可分为底板、流道、盖板三部分。盖板及软管接头并无统一的标准，不同厂商有不同的结构形式，底板和流道可按照设备和热设计功耗进行各种不同的配置，这也是影响换热器散热性能的主要因素。In recent years, in order to meet the needs of heat exchange, research on indirect liquid cooling systems has been carried out, involving many aspects such as heat exchanger structure, cooling liquid selection, and pipeline layout. It is found that the heat exchanger structure has a particularly significant impact on the heat exchange and power consumption of the liquid cooling system. The heat exchanger can generally be divided into three parts: the base plate, the flow channel, and the cover plate. There is no unified standard for the cover plate and the hose connector. Different manufacturers have different structural forms. The base plate and the flow channel can be configured in various ways according to the equipment and thermal design power consumption, which is also the main factor affecting the heat dissipation performance of the heat exchanger.
肋片：增设肋片有助于增加换热面积，并且可以增强对流场的扰动。通过增加肋片强化换热已被广泛应用于换热器中。但此次设计不能单一地考虑散热效果，还应从系统经济性的角度出发，尽量避免增设肋片后出现的压降急剧增大而散热改善效果极小的局面。再考虑冷却液体进口时温度相对更低，所以，在中心高流速区域不布置肋片，以期改善换热器压降，在周边低流速区域布置圆柱型肋片，加强扰动并增加换热面积，弥补冷却液体温度升高所导致的散热能力的损失。Fins: Adding fins can help increase the heat exchange area and enhance the disturbance of the flow field. Intensifying heat exchange by adding fins has been widely used in heat exchangers. However, this design cannot only consider the heat dissipation effect, but also should be based on the economic efficiency of the system to avoid the situation where the pressure drop increases sharply after adding fins while the heat dissipation improvement effect is minimal. Considering that the temperature of the cooling liquid is relatively lower at the inlet, no fins are arranged in the central high flow rate area in order to improve the pressure drop of the heat exchanger, and cylindrical fins are arranged in the peripheral low flow rate area to enhance the disturbance and increase the heat exchange area, so as to make up for the loss of heat dissipation capacity caused by the increase in the temperature of the cooling liquid.
导流结构：为避免冷却液体与换热器对流换热过程中出现流动死区，借鉴换热器中广泛采用的折流直板，在换热器中布设一些长直型的折流直板作为导流结构，在流场某些区域改变冷却液体的流向，以期改善冷却液体在换热器中的流场分布。Flow guide structure: In order to avoid the occurrence of flow dead zones during the convective heat exchange between the cooling liquid and the heat exchanger, some long straight baffle plates are arranged in the heat exchanger as flow guide structures, drawing on the baffle plates widely used in heat exchangers. The flow direction of the cooling liquid is changed in certain areas of the flow field, in order to improve the flow field distribution of the cooling liquid in the heat exchanger.
但在对板式换热器进行设计的同时也要考虑加工工艺，有时会受到诸多限制，例如流道结构复杂，导致难以加工；换热总面积不变情况下，翅片越厚间距越大，热交换面积越小，冷板散热能力越低，为增大换热面积，将翅片厚度设计的过小且排布密集，难以加工并增大了流动阻力，不利于系统的流量分配。此类优化设计是通过改变流道形式及减小翅片体积，达到强化换热的目的，由于流道的散热区域受限，如何进一步增大换热面积并提高温度均匀性从而强化其散热性能极其重要。However, when designing a plate heat exchanger, the processing technology must also be considered. Sometimes it is subject to many restrictions, such as complex flow channel structure, which makes it difficult to process; when the total heat exchange area remains unchanged, the thicker the fins, the larger the spacing, the smaller the heat exchange area, and the lower the heat dissipation capacity of the cold plate. In order to increase the heat exchange area, the fin thickness is designed to be too small and the arrangement is dense, which is difficult to process and increases the flow resistance, which is not conducive to the flow distribution of the system. This type of optimization design achieves the purpose of strengthening heat exchange by changing the flow channel form and reducing the fin volume. Since the heat dissipation area of the flow channel is limited, it is extremely important to further increase the heat exchange area and improve the temperature uniformity to enhance its heat dissipation performance.
针对上述缺陷，本发明对目前的换热器进行了改进，提供一种新的板式换热器，该板式换热器采用多孔材料，对多孔结构进行详细研究及优化，可保证流体的均匀分布，提高换热效率，进一步增大换热面积和提高温度均匀性方面。并且可3D打印多孔材料，使其加工简单，操作方便，能够实现正常难以实现的结构。对热流体通道进行改进，使其流动阻力降低以及换热效率提高。In view of the above defects, the present invention improves the current heat exchanger and provides a new plate heat exchanger. The plate heat exchanger uses porous materials and conducts detailed research and optimization on the porous structure, which can ensure the uniform distribution of the fluid, improve the heat exchange efficiency, further increase the heat exchange area and improve the temperature uniformity. In addition, the porous material can be 3D printed, making it simple to process and easy to operate, and can realize a structure that is difficult to achieve normally. The hot fluid channel is improved to reduce its flow resistance and improve the heat exchange efficiency.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明旨在提供一种新式结构板式换热器。采取多孔结构，对多孔结构进行详细研究及优化，可保证流体的均匀分布，提高换热效率，进一步增大换热面积和提高温度均匀性方面。对热流体通道进行改进，使其流动阻力降低以及换热效率提高。对热流体通道进行改进，使其流动阻力降低以及换热效率提高。The present invention aims to provide a plate heat exchanger with a new structure. The porous structure is adopted, and detailed research and optimization of the porous structure are carried out to ensure uniform distribution of the fluid, improve heat exchange efficiency, further increase heat exchange area and improve temperature uniformity. The hot fluid channel is improved to reduce flow resistance and improve heat exchange efficiency. The hot fluid channel is improved to reduce flow resistance and improve heat exchange efficiency.
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
一种设置多折流直板的板式换热器，从上到下依次设置第一层、第二层、第三层和第四层，第一层包括设置在正面的冷流体进口和冷流体出口，第四层是与第三层热接触的热流体管道，第四层中设置空腔，供热流体通过，所述第四层空腔的底部上设置折流直板和肋片，所述折流直板包括位于底板中心的中心折流直板、包围在中心折流直板外部的第二折流直板和包围在第二折流直板外部的第三折流直板以及包围在第三折流直板外部的外部折流直板，肋片位于折流直板之间。A plate heat exchanger with multiple baffle plates, wherein a first layer, a second layer, a third layer and a fourth layer are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the first layer includes a cold fluid inlet and a cold fluid outlet arranged on the front, the fourth layer is a hot fluid pipeline in thermal contact with the third layer, a cavity is arranged in the fourth layer for hot fluid to pass through, baffle plates and fins are arranged on the bottom of the fourth layer cavity, the baffle plates include a central baffle plate located at the center of the bottom plate, a second baffle plate surrounded by the outside of the central baffle plate, a third baffle plate surrounded by the outside of the second baffle plate, and an outer baffle plate surrounded by the outside of the third baffle plate, and the fins are located between the baffle plates.
作为优选，中心折流直板包括四块，每块中心折流直板包括互相呈一定角度的两个折流直板壁，四块中心折流直板的折流直板壁的延长线形成了第一棱形，折流直板壁形成第一棱形的边的一部分；相邻的中心折流直板的折流直板壁之间设置第一间隔；第二折流直板包括四块，每块第二折流直板包括互相垂直的两个折流直板壁，四块第二折流直板的折流直板壁的延长线形成了第一长方形结构，折流直板壁形成第一长方形的边的一部分；相邻的第二折流直板的折流直板壁之间设置第二间隔；第三折流直板包括四块，每块第三折流直板包括互相呈一定角度的两个折流直板壁，四块第三折流直板的折流直板壁的延长线形成了第二棱形结构，折流直板壁形成第二棱形的边的一部分；相邻的第三折流直板的折流直板壁之间设置第三间隔；外部折流直板包括两块，每块外部折流直板包括第一直板壁以及与直板壁两端部处设置的两个互相垂直的两个第二直板壁，两块外部折流直板的折流直板壁的延长线形成了第二长方形结构，第一直板壁、第二直板壁形成第二长方形的边的一部分；两个外部折流直板的相邻的第二直板壁之间设置第四间隔。Preferably, the central baffle straight plates include four pieces, each of which includes two baffle straight plate walls that are at a certain angle to each other, the extension lines of the baffle straight plate walls of the four central baffle straight plates form a first prism, and the baffle straight plate walls form a part of the edge of the first prism; a first interval is set between the baffle straight plate walls of adjacent central baffle straight plates; the second baffle straight plates include four pieces, each of which includes two baffle straight plate walls that are perpendicular to each other, the extension lines of the baffle straight plate walls of the four second baffle straight plates form a first rectangular structure, and the baffle straight plate walls form a part of the edge of the first rectangle; a second interval is set between the baffle straight plate walls of adjacent second baffle straight plates; the third baffle straight plates include four pieces, each of which includes two baffle straight plate walls that are perpendicular to each other, the extension lines of the baffle straight plate walls of the four second baffle straight plates form a first rectangular structure, and the baffle straight plate walls form a part of the edge of the first rectangle; The third baffle straight plates include two baffle straight plate walls that are at a certain angle to each other, and the extension lines of the baffle straight plate walls of the four third baffle straight plates form a second prism structure, and the baffle straight plate walls form a part of the side of the second prism; a third interval is set between the baffle straight plate walls of adjacent third baffle straight plates; the external baffle straight plates include two, each of which includes a first straight plate wall and two second straight plate walls that are perpendicular to each other and are set at both ends of the straight plate wall, and the extension lines of the baffle straight plate walls of the two external baffle straight plates form a second rectangular structure, and the first straight plate wall and the second straight plate wall form a part of the side of the second rectangle; a fourth interval is set between the adjacent second straight plate walls of the two external baffle straight plates.
作为优选，中心折流直板内部设置多个肋片；第二折流直板和中心折流直板之间设置多个肋片，第二折流直板和第三折流直板之间设置多个肋片；第三折流直板和外部折流直板之间设置多个肋片。Preferably, a plurality of fins are arranged inside the central baffle plate; a plurality of fins are arranged between the second baffle plate and the central baffle plate, a plurality of fins are arranged between the second baffle plate and the third baffle plate; a plurality of fins are arranged between the third baffle plate and the external baffle plate.
作为优选，相对的第一间隔中点的连线的延长线、相对的第三间隔中点的延长线经过第二折流直板互相垂直的两个折流直板壁的垂直点、外部折流直板的互相垂直的两个折流直板壁的垂直点。Preferably, the extension line of the line connecting the midpoints of the relative first intervals and the extension line of the midpoints of the relative third intervals pass through the vertical points of the two mutually perpendicular baffle straight plate walls of the second baffle straight plate and the vertical points of the two mutually perpendicular baffle straight plate walls of the external baffle straight plate.
作为优选，相对的第二间隔中点的连线的延长线、相对的第四间隔中点的延长线经过中心折流直板互相呈一定角度的两个折流直板壁的连接点、第三折流直板的互相呈一定角度的两个折流直板壁的连接点。Preferably, the extension line of the line connecting the midpoints of the second relative intervals and the extension line of the midpoints of the fourth relative intervals pass through the connection point of the two baffle straight plate walls of the central baffle straight plate that are at a certain angle to each other and the connection point of the two baffle straight plate walls of the third baffle straight plate that are at a certain angle to each other.
作为优选，所述第四层包括设置在背面上的热流体进口和热流体出口，所述热流体进口设置第一棱形的中心位置，所述热流体出口设置2个，分别设置在第二长方形的相对的两端，设置在第一直板壁的外部，两个出口的中心线的连线经过第一直板壁的中心。Preferably, the fourth layer includes a hot fluid inlet and a hot fluid outlet arranged on the back side, the hot fluid inlet is arranged at the center of the first prism, and two hot fluid outlets are arranged, respectively at the opposite ends of the second rectangle and outside the first straight plate wall, and the line connecting the center lines of the two outlets passes through the center of the first straight plate wall.
作为优选，所述肋片的高度和折流直板的高度相同，都等于方形空腔的高度。Preferably, the height of the fins is the same as the height of the baffle plate, and both are equal to the height of the square cavity.
作为优选，第二层包括正面设置的进口集管、出口集管、进口分支管、出口分支管、进口流道和出口流道，其中进口集管的上游、出口集管下游分别连接第一层的冷流体进口和冷流体出口，进口集管、出口集管分别与进口分支管、出口分支管连接，第二层正面包括多个弯折的板状结构，所述板状结构一侧形成进口分支管，另一侧形成出口分支管，所述进口分支管和出口分支管不直接连通；进口分支管和出口分支管中设置贯通第二层的贯通孔，从而形成进口流道和出口流道；第三层包括位于正面的多孔材料，多孔材料与进口流道和出口流道连接；所述多孔材料是采用3D打印技术，从而使得多孔材料为变孔隙结构，在进口流道流体进口处孔径大于出口流道流体出口处孔径。Preferably, the second layer includes an inlet manifold, an outlet manifold, an inlet branch pipe, an outlet branch pipe, an inlet flow channel and an outlet flow channel arranged on the front side, wherein the upstream of the inlet manifold and the downstream of the outlet manifold are respectively connected to the cold fluid inlet and the cold fluid outlet of the first layer, and the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold are respectively connected to the inlet branch pipe and the outlet branch pipe, and the front side of the second layer includes a plurality of bent plate structures, one side of the plate structure forms an inlet branch pipe, and the other side forms an outlet branch pipe, and the inlet branch pipe and the outlet branch pipe are not directly connected; through holes are arranged in the inlet branch pipe and the outlet branch pipe that pass through the second layer, thereby forming inlet flow channels and outlet flow channels; the third layer includes a porous material located on the front side, and the porous material is connected to the inlet flow channel and the outlet flow channel; the porous material adopts 3D printing technology, so that the porous material has a variable pore structure, and the pore diameter at the inlet flow channel fluid inlet is larger than the pore diameter at the outlet flow channel fluid outlet.
作为优选，沿着进口集管内流体的流动方向，多孔材料的孔隙分布密度逐渐增加。Preferably, along the flow direction of the fluid in the inlet header, the pore distribution density of the porous material gradually increases.
与现有技术相比较，本发明具有如下的优点：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1) 本发明旨在提供一种板式换热器，内部设有导流结构，尤其是通过设置多层垂直结构的长方形棱形折流直板，使得液体流动范围广泛，有效减少冷液体流动死区，进一步改善热流面的均温性。1) The present invention aims to provide a plate heat exchanger with a flow guide structure inside, especially by arranging a plurality of vertical rectangular prism baffle straight plates, so that the liquid flow range is wide, the dead zone of cold liquid flow is effectively reduced, and the temperature uniformity of the heat flow surface is further improved.
2）本发明对板式换热器采取毛细结构，并对毛细结构采用3D打印的技术，使其实现变孔隙结构，在流体进口处孔径大于流体出口处孔径，提高了工作效率，使其孔径变化更加准确。2) The present invention adopts a capillary structure for the plate heat exchanger and uses 3D printing technology for the capillary structure to realize a variable pore structure, where the pore diameter at the fluid inlet is larger than the pore diameter at the fluid outlet, thereby improving work efficiency and making the pore diameter change more accurate.
3）本发明对毛细结构采用3D打印的技术，使其实现变孔隙密度沿着流体流动进行渐变化分布，改善了加工工艺，能够通过计算机准确实现规律性变化。相对于现有的制备工艺，加工结果更加准确，通过计算机程序实现准确的结构幅度变化，大大提高了加工的精度，从而提高了换热效率。3) The present invention uses 3D printing technology for the capillary structure to achieve a variable pore density that is gradually distributed along the flow of the fluid, improves the processing technology, and can accurately achieve regular changes through a computer. Compared with the existing preparation process, the processing results are more accurate, and accurate structural amplitude changes are achieved through computer programs, which greatly improves the processing accuracy and thus improves the heat exchange efficiency.
4）本发明通过流体进口处孔径大于流体出口处孔径，冷流体在不同孔径处对流换热能力不同，从而改善了冷板整体的均温性及对流换热能力。4) In the present invention, the aperture at the fluid inlet is larger than the aperture at the fluid outlet, and the convective heat transfer capacity of the cold fluid at different apertures is different, thereby improving the overall temperature uniformity and convective heat transfer capacity of the cold plate.
5）本发明通过孔隙密度沿着流体流动进行渐变化分布，使得流体在整个换热面上分布均匀，从而改善了冷板整体的均温性及对流换热能力。5) The present invention distributes the pore density gradually along the flow of the fluid, so that the fluid is evenly distributed on the entire heat exchange surface, thereby improving the overall temperature uniformity and convection heat transfer capacity of the cold plate.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本发明换热器整体结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a heat exchanger of the present invention;
图2是本发明换热器拆分结构示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the heat exchanger of the present invention;
图3是本发明换热器第二层结构图；FIG3 is a structural diagram of the second layer of the heat exchanger of the present invention;
图4是本发明换热器冷流体流动示意图；FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the flow of cold fluid in the heat exchanger of the present invention;
图5是第四层翅片结构优选实施例示意图；FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the fourth layer fin structure;
图6是第四层翅片结构另一个优选实施例示意图。FIG6 is a schematic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the fourth layer fin structure.
图中：1、第一层；2、第二层；3、第三层；4、第四层；11、冷流体进口；12、冷流体出口；21、进口集管；22、出口集管；23、进口分支管；24、出口分支管；31、多孔材料；41、热流体进口；42、热流体出口；43、中心折流直板；44、第二折流直板；45、第三折流直板；46、外部折流直板；47-50、肋片。In the figure: 1, first layer; 2, second layer; 3, third layer; 4, fourth layer; 11, cold fluid inlet; 12, cold fluid outlet; 21, inlet header; 22, outlet header; 23, inlet branch pipe; 24, outlet branch pipe; 31, porous material; 41, hot fluid inlet; 42, hot fluid outlet; 43, central baffle straight plate; 44, second baffle straight plate; 45, third baffle straight plate; 46, external baffle straight plate; 47-50, fins.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。 说明书中的正面是指安装时候朝上的一面。The following is a detailed description of the specific implementation of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The front side in the description refers to the side facing upward during installation.
图1-6公开了一种板式换热器。如图1所示，一种多孔材料板式换热器，包括从上到下依次设置的第一层1、第二层2、第三层3和第四层4。第一层上部设置冷流体进口和出口。第四层设置热流体进口和出口。Figures 1-6 disclose a plate heat exchanger. As shown in Figure 1, a porous material plate heat exchanger includes a first layer 1, a second layer 2, a third layer 3 and a fourth layer 4 arranged in sequence from top to bottom. The first layer is provided with a cold fluid inlet and outlet at the top. The fourth layer is provided with a hot fluid inlet and outlet.
作为优选，第四层热流体进口41设置在第四层背面的中心，热流体出口42设置在第四层的两侧，如图1所示。热流体从中心流入，然后从两侧流出。Preferably, the fourth layer hot fluid inlet 41 is arranged at the center of the back of the fourth layer, and the hot fluid outlets 42 are arranged at both sides of the fourth layer, as shown in Figure 1. The hot fluid flows in from the center and then flows out from both sides.
作为优选，热流体从第四层的一侧流入，从第四层的另一侧流出。例如从图1左侧流入，从右侧流出。Preferably, the hot fluid flows in from one side of the fourth layer and flows out from the other side of the fourth layer, for example, flows in from the left side of FIG. 1 and flows out from the right side.
如图2所示，第一层1包括设置在第一层正面两端的冷流体进口11和冷流体出口12，第二层2包括在第二层正面设置的进口集管21、出口集管22、进口分支管23、出口分支管24、进口流道和出口流道，其中进口集管21的上游、出口集管22下游分别连接第一层的冷流体进口11和冷流体出口12，进口集管21、出口集管22分别与进口分支管23、出口分支管24连接，第二层2包括多个弯折的板状结构，所述板状结构一侧形成进口分支管23，另一侧形成出口分支管24，所述进口分支管23和出口分支管24不直接连通；进口分支管23和出口分支管24中设置贯通第二层的贯通孔，从而形成进口流道和出口流道；第三层3包括位于正面的多孔材料31，多孔材料31与进口流道和出口流道连接；所述多孔材料31是采用3D打印技术，从而使得多孔材料31为变孔隙结构，在进口流道流体进口处孔径大于出口流道流体出口处孔径。第四层是与第三层热接触的热流体管道。热流体从第四层流过，将热量传递给第三层的冷流体。As shown in FIG2 , the first layer 1 includes a cold fluid inlet 11 and a cold fluid outlet 12 arranged at both ends of the front side of the first layer, and the second layer 2 includes an inlet header 21, an outlet header 22, an inlet branch pipe 23, an outlet branch pipe 24, an inlet flow channel and an outlet flow channel arranged at the front side of the second layer, wherein the upstream of the inlet header 21 and the downstream of the outlet header 22 are respectively connected to the cold fluid inlet 11 and the cold fluid outlet 12 of the first layer, the inlet header 21 and the outlet header 22 are respectively connected to the inlet branch pipe 23 and the outlet branch pipe 24, and the second layer 2 includes a plurality of bent plate-like structures, the plate An inlet branch pipe 23 is formed on one side of the structure, and an outlet branch pipe 24 is formed on the other side, and the inlet branch pipe 23 and the outlet branch pipe 24 are not directly connected; through holes penetrating the second layer are set in the inlet branch pipe 23 and the outlet branch pipe 24, so as to form an inlet flow channel and an outlet flow channel; the third layer 3 includes a porous material 31 located on the front side, and the porous material 31 is connected to the inlet flow channel and the outlet flow channel; the porous material 31 adopts 3D printing technology, so that the porous material 31 is a variable pore structure, and the pore diameter at the inlet of the inlet flow channel fluid is larger than the pore diameter at the outlet of the outlet flow channel fluid. The fourth layer is a hot fluid pipeline in thermal contact with the third layer. The hot fluid flows through the fourth layer and transfers heat to the cold fluid of the third layer.
本发明通过采用多孔材料，并且3D打印技术制造多孔材料，该第三层通过在底部增加多孔材料结构，形成更为紧凑的微通道，相比翅片通道减小了加工难度，增加了冷流体的流动空间以及对流换热面积，还可以通过改变多孔材料进出口处的孔径来提高底面的温度均匀性。The present invention adopts porous materials and manufactures the porous materials using 3D printing technology. The third layer forms a more compact microchannel by adding a porous material structure at the bottom. Compared with the fin channel, the processing difficulty is reduced, the flow space of the cold fluid and the convection heat exchange area are increased, and the temperature uniformity of the bottom surface can be improved by changing the pore size at the inlet and outlet of the porous material.
相对于传统的制造技术，通过3D打印技术制造多孔材料，可以准确实现孔径的大小，提高了工作效率，使其孔径变化更加准确。Compared with traditional manufacturing technology, the manufacture of porous materials through 3D printing technology can accurately realize the size of the pore size, improve work efficiency, and make the pore size change more accurate.
本发明通过多孔介质流体进口处孔径大于流体出口处孔径，冷流体在不同孔径处对流换热能力不同，从而改善了冷板整体的均温性及对流换热能力。对于均匀孔径下的流动换热过程，进口处流体温度较低，与冷板的温差较大，因此换热过程较为剧烈，而当流体流至出口时，由于在此前流动过程中不断地吸收热源的热量，流体温度有一定上升，导致其与出口处冷板的换热温差降低，换热能力与进口处相比大幅降低。这将导致进口处的孔被流体带走的热量较多，而出口处的孔被带走的热量较少，从而导致底板温度均匀性较差。对于变孔径下的流动换热过程，由于进口处的孔径较大增大了导热热阻，流体在此处吸收的热量减少，加强了出口处流体携带热量的能力，同时，出口处的孔径较小可加强扰动并增强换热。但进出口孔径不可相差太大，优选进出口孔径之比是1.5-2.5之间，否则出口处换热过程过于剧烈同样会导致底板温度均匀性较差。The present invention improves the overall temperature uniformity and convective heat transfer capacity of the cold plate by making the pore size at the inlet of the porous medium fluid larger than the pore size at the outlet of the fluid, and the cold fluid has different convective heat transfer capacities at different pore sizes. For the flow heat transfer process under uniform pore size, the fluid temperature at the inlet is relatively low, and the temperature difference with the cold plate is relatively large, so the heat transfer process is relatively intense. When the fluid flows to the outlet, the fluid temperature rises to a certain extent due to the continuous absorption of heat from the heat source during the previous flow process, resulting in a decrease in the heat transfer temperature difference with the cold plate at the outlet, and the heat transfer capacity is greatly reduced compared to the inlet. This will cause the holes at the inlet to carry more heat away by the fluid, while the holes at the outlet to carry less heat away, resulting in poor temperature uniformity of the bottom plate. For the flow heat transfer process under variable pore size, the larger pore size at the inlet increases the thermal resistance of thermal conductivity, and the heat absorbed by the fluid here is reduced, which enhances the ability of the fluid at the outlet to carry heat. At the same time, the smaller pore size at the outlet can enhance disturbance and heat transfer. However, the inlet and outlet apertures cannot differ too much. The preferred inlet and outlet aperture ratio is between 1.5 and 2.5. Otherwise, the heat exchange process at the outlet will be too intense, which will also lead to poor temperature uniformity of the bottom plate.
本发明采用3D打印技术制造所述多孔介质，首先在Spaceclaim软件中建立多孔介质的三维模型，将模型导入打印准备软件PreForm，在其中确定模型的方向、支撑材料、部件材料以及壁厚，所述多孔介质采用AlSi10Mg铝合金材料，确定上述准备工作完成后操作Formlabs 3D打印机进行打印。打印完成后将构建平台直接插入Form Wash，对模型进行高效、均匀的自动清洗。清洗完成后借助快速剥离技术从打印表面上取下多孔介质，仅需数秒即可去除支撑结构，最后将多孔介质转移至Form Cure进行固化，以便最大限度地提高材料性能并确保尺寸精度。The present invention adopts 3D printing technology to manufacture the porous medium. First, a three-dimensional model of the porous medium is established in the Spaceclaim software, and the model is imported into the print preparation software PreForm, in which the direction, support material, component material and wall thickness of the model are determined. The porous medium adopts AlSi10Mg aluminum alloy material. After the above preparation work is completed, the Formlabs 3D printer is operated for printing. After printing, the building platform is directly inserted into Form Wash to automatically clean the model efficiently and evenly. After cleaning, the porous medium is removed from the printing surface with the help of rapid peeling technology. The support structure can be removed in just a few seconds. Finally, the porous medium is transferred to Form Cure for curing to maximize material performance and ensure dimensional accuracy.
作为优选，沿着进口集管21内流体的流动方向，多孔材料的孔径逐渐增加。通过上述分布，使得沿着距离进口集管进口的方向，毛细力逐渐增强，流动阻力越来越小，使得阻力大的流体流入相对于阻力小的更加困难一些，从而使得沿着流动方向流体分布更加均匀，避免流体分布不均匀导致的换热不均匀以及局部温度过高过低问题。Preferably, the pore size of the porous material gradually increases along the flow direction of the fluid in the inlet manifold 21. Through the above distribution, the capillary force gradually increases along the direction away from the inlet of the inlet manifold, and the flow resistance becomes smaller and smaller, making it more difficult for the fluid with large resistance to flow in relative to the fluid with small resistance, thereby making the fluid distribution along the flow direction more uniform, avoiding the problem of uneven heat exchange and excessively high or low local temperature caused by uneven fluid distribution.
作为优选，沿着进口集管21内流体的流动方向，多孔材料的孔径逐渐增加的幅度不断变大。上述的变化幅度设计，也是通过大量实验和数值模拟优化的结构，能够进一步实现均匀流体分布的技术效果，更加满足本申请发明需要。Preferably, the aperture of the porous material gradually increases along the flow direction of the fluid in the inlet manifold 21. The above-mentioned change amplitude design is also a structure optimized through a large number of experiments and numerical simulations, which can further achieve the technical effect of uniform fluid distribution and better meet the needs of the invention of this application.
作为优选，所述多孔材料的孔径按照如下规律进行变化：Preferably, the pore size of the porous material changes according to the following rule:
进口集管的总长度为L，进口集管最下游的孔径是D末，距离进口集管进口的距离为l位置的孔径D规律如下：D2＝f×(D末)2+g×(D末)2×（l/L）e，其中e、f、g是系数，满足如下要求：The total length of the inlet header is L, the aperture at the most downstream of the inlet header isDend , and the aperture D at a distance l from the inlet of the inlet header has the following rule: D2 =f×(Dend )2 +g×(Dend )2 ×(l/L)e , where e, f, and g are coefficients that meet the following requirements:
1.083<e<1.104，0.995<f+g<1.011，0.499<f<0.625。1.083<e<1.104, 0.995<f+g<1.011, 0.499<f<0.625.
作为优选，随着l/L增加，e逐渐增加。Preferably, as l/L increases, e gradually increases.
作为优选，0.095<e<1.100，f+g =1，0.565<f<0.578。Preferably, 0.095<e<1.100, f+g =1, and 0.565<f<0.578.
通过上述的设置，使得流体分布的更加均匀，上述优化的公式是通过大量的实验和数值模拟得到的，能够最优化的实现流体均匀分布的技术效果，更加满足本申请发明需要。Through the above-mentioned settings, the fluid distribution is made more uniform. The above-mentioned optimization formula is obtained through a large number of experiments and numerical simulations, and can optimize the technical effect of achieving uniform fluid distribution, which better meets the needs of the invention of this application.
作为优选，沿着进口集管21内流体的流动方向，多孔材料的孔隙分布密度逐渐增加。通过上述分布，使得沿着距离进口集管进口的方向，毛细力逐渐增强，流动阻力越来越小，使得阻力大的流体流入相对于阻力小的更加困难一些，从而使得沿着流动方向流体分布更加均匀，避免流体分布不均匀导致的换热不均匀以及局部温度过高过低问题。Preferably, the pore distribution density of the porous material gradually increases along the flow direction of the fluid in the inlet manifold 21. Through the above distribution, the capillary force gradually increases along the direction away from the inlet of the inlet manifold, and the flow resistance becomes smaller and smaller, making it more difficult for the fluid with large resistance to flow in relative to the fluid with small resistance, thereby making the fluid distribution along the flow direction more uniform, avoiding the problem of uneven heat exchange and excessively high or low local temperature caused by uneven fluid distribution.
作为优选，沿着进口集管21内流体的流动方向，多孔材料的孔隙分布密度逐渐增加的幅度不断变大。上述的变化幅度设计，也是通过大量实验和数值模拟优化的结构，能够进一步实现均匀流体分布的技术效果，更加满足本申请发明需要。Preferably, the pore distribution density of the porous material gradually increases along the flow direction of the fluid in the inlet manifold 21. The above-mentioned change range design is also a structure optimized through a large number of experiments and numerical simulations, which can further achieve the technical effect of uniform fluid distribution and better meet the needs of the invention of this application.
作为优选，所述多孔材料的孔隙分布密度按照如下规律进行变化：Preferably, the pore distribution density of the porous material changes according to the following rule:
进口集管的总长度为L，进口集管最下游的密度是M入，距离进口集管进口的距离为l位置的密度M规律如下：M＝b×M入+c×M入×（ l/L）a，其中a、b、c是系数，满足如下要求：The total length of the inlet header is L, the density at the most downstream of the inlet header isMin , and the density M at a distance l from the inlet of the inlet header is as follows: M = b ×Min + c ×Min × (l/L)a , where a, b, and c are coefficients that meet the following requirements:
1.082<a<1.105，0.994<b+c<1.012，0.498<b<0.629。1.082<a<1.105, 0.994<b+c<1.012, 0.498<b<0.629.
作为优选，随着l/L增加，a逐渐增加。Preferably, as l/L increases, a gradually increases.
作为优选，0.095<a<1.100，b+c=1，0.565<b<0.578。Preferably, 0.095<a<1.100, b+c=1, and 0.565<b<0.578.
通过上述的设置，使得流体分布的更加均匀，上述优化的公式是通过大量的实验和数值模拟得到的，能够最优化的实现流体均匀分布的技术效果，更加满足本申请发明需要。Through the above-mentioned settings, the fluid distribution is made more uniform. The above-mentioned optimization formula is obtained through a large number of experiments and numerical simulations, and can optimize the technical effect of achieving uniform fluid distribution, which better meets the needs of the invention of this application.
作为优选，每个进口和出口分支管中设置多个贯通第二层的贯通孔。沿着进口集管21内流体的流动方向，贯通孔的分布密度逐渐增加。通过上述分布，使得沿着距离进口集管进口的方向，随着流通面积的变化，流动阻力越来越小，使得阻力大的流体流入相对于阻力小的更加困难一些，从而使得沿着流动方向流体分布更加均匀，避免流体分布不均匀导致的换热不均匀以及局部温度过高过低问题。Preferably, a plurality of through holes penetrating the second layer are provided in each inlet and outlet branch pipe. The distribution density of the through holes gradually increases along the flow direction of the fluid in the inlet manifold 21. Through the above distribution, along the direction from the inlet of the inlet manifold, as the flow area changes, the flow resistance becomes smaller and smaller, making it more difficult for the fluid with large resistance to flow in relative to the fluid with small resistance, thereby making the fluid distribution along the flow direction more uniform, avoiding the problem of uneven heat exchange and excessively high or low local temperature caused by uneven fluid distribution.
作为优选，沿着进口集管21内流体的流动方向，贯通孔的分布密度逐渐增加的幅度不断变大。上述的变化幅度设计，也是通过大量实验和数值模拟优化的结构，能够进一步实现均匀流体分布的技术效果，更加满足本申请发明需要。Preferably, the distribution density of the through holes gradually increases along the flow direction of the fluid in the inlet manifold 21. The above-mentioned change range design is also a structure optimized through a large number of experiments and numerical simulations, which can further achieve the technical effect of uniform fluid distribution and better meet the needs of the invention of this application.
作为优选，每个进口和出口分支管中设置多个贯通第二层的贯通孔。沿着进口集管21内流体的流动方向，每个贯通孔的孔径逐渐增加。通过上述分布，使得沿着距离进口集管进口的方向，流通面积逐渐增加，随着流通面积的变化，流动阻力越来越小，使得阻力大的流体流入相对于阻力小的更加困难一些，从而使得沿着流动方向流体分布更加均匀，避免流体分布不均匀导致的换热不均匀以及局部温度过高过低问题。Preferably, a plurality of through holes penetrating the second layer are provided in each inlet and outlet branch pipe. The aperture of each through hole gradually increases along the flow direction of the fluid in the inlet manifold 21. Through the above distribution, the flow area gradually increases along the direction away from the inlet of the inlet manifold. As the flow area changes, the flow resistance becomes smaller and smaller, making it more difficult for the fluid with large resistance to flow in relative to the fluid with small resistance, thereby making the fluid distribution along the flow direction more uniform, avoiding the problem of uneven heat exchange and excessively high or low local temperature caused by uneven fluid distribution.
作为优选，沿着进口集管21内流体的流动方向，每个贯通孔的孔径的分布密度逐渐增加的幅度不断变大。上述的变化幅度设计，也是通过大量实验和数值模拟优化的结构，能够进一步实现均匀流体分布的技术效果，更加满足本申请发明需要。Preferably, the distribution density of the aperture of each through hole gradually increases along the flow direction of the fluid in the inlet manifold 21. The above-mentioned change range design is also a structure optimized through a large number of experiments and numerical simulations, which can further achieve the technical effect of uniform fluid distribution and better meet the needs of the invention of this application.
作为优选，上述多孔材料是采用3D打印技术进行制造实现的。在现有技术制造工艺中，要实现渐变的多孔材料孔隙变化，非常困难。本发明对毛细结构采用3D打印的技术，使其实现变孔隙密度沿着流体流动进行渐变分布，改善了加工工艺，能够通过计算机准确实现规律性变化。相对于现有的制备工艺，只要设计好渐变的打印的程序，加工结果更加准确，通过计算机程序实现准确的结构幅度变化，大大提高了加工的精度，从而提高了换热效率。Preferably, the porous material is manufactured using 3D printing technology. In the prior art manufacturing process, it is very difficult to achieve a gradual change in the pores of porous materials. The present invention uses 3D printing technology for the capillary structure to achieve a gradual distribution of variable pore density along the flow of the fluid, improves the processing technology, and can accurately achieve regular changes through a computer. Compared with the existing preparation process, as long as the gradual printing program is designed, the processing result is more accurate, and accurate structural amplitude changes can be achieved through a computer program, which greatly improves the processing accuracy and thus improves the heat exchange efficiency.
作为优选，进口集管21、出口集管22设计为锥形结构，沿着进口集管内流体的流动方向，流动通道面积越来越小，沿着出口集管22内流体的流动方向，流动通道面积越来越大。这可以进一步保证流体在流道的均匀分布，既可以提高换热效率又可以降低整体压降。Preferably, the inlet header 21 and the outlet header 22 are designed as a conical structure, and the flow channel area becomes smaller and smaller along the flow direction of the fluid in the inlet header, and the flow channel area becomes larger and larger along the flow direction of the fluid in the outlet header 22. This can further ensure the uniform distribution of the fluid in the flow channel, which can improve the heat exchange efficiency and reduce the overall pressure drop.
作为优选，第二层2包括多个弯折的板状结构，所述板状结构一侧形成进口分支管23，另一侧形成出口分支管24，所述进口分支管23和出口分支管24不直接连通。流体通过热流体毛细力层的毛吸力使得流体从进口分支管23流到出口分支管24。Preferably, the second layer 2 includes a plurality of bent plate-like structures, one side of the plate-like structure forms an inlet branch pipe 23, and the other side forms an outlet branch pipe 24, and the inlet branch pipe 23 and the outlet branch pipe 24 are not directly connected. The fluid flows from the inlet branch pipe 23 to the outlet branch pipe 24 due to the capillary force of the hot fluid capillary layer.
作为优选，弯折的板状结构是V形结构或者梯形结构。这可以在相同的宽度内设计更多的换热微通道，增加换热面积，在缩小体积的同时提升整体的换热能力。Preferably, the bent plate-like structure is a V-shaped structure or a trapezoidal structure, which can design more heat exchange microchannels within the same width, increase the heat exchange area, and improve the overall heat exchange capacity while reducing the volume.
作为优选，如图3所示，贯通第二层的孔可以是长条状。本申请通过第二层设置贯通的孔，使得流体通过孔有针对性的进入第三层3，可以有针对性的设置第三层3相应位置的多孔材料，例如针对形成孔的位置可以不设置多孔材料，其余位置设置多孔材料。这样通过3D打印实现上述设置，避免现有技术的制造困难。Preferably, as shown in FIG3 , the hole penetrating the second layer may be in the shape of a long strip. The present application sets a through hole in the second layer so that the fluid enters the third layer 3 through the hole in a targeted manner, and the porous material at the corresponding position of the third layer 3 may be set in a targeted manner. For example, the porous material may not be set at the position where the hole is formed, and the porous material may be set at the other positions. In this way, the above setting is realized by 3D printing, avoiding the manufacturing difficulties of the prior art.
作为优选，冷流体进口11、冷流体出口12设置在第一层1上对角设置。如此设置能够保证流体换热面积，减少短路现象发生。Preferably, the cold fluid inlet 11 and the cold fluid outlet 12 are arranged diagonally on the first layer 1. Such an arrangement can ensure the fluid heat exchange area and reduce the occurrence of short circuit.
第四层是热流体管道层。第四层中设置空腔，供热流体通过。作为优选，如图5所示，空腔中设置肋片矩阵，所述肋片矩阵呈梭形（纺锤形）结构布置。本发明设置了新式的纺锤形结构布置肋片，可以使得流体沿着肋片流动，减少流动阻力，进一步与毛细结构充分换热，提高了换热效率。The fourth layer is a thermal fluid pipeline layer. A cavity is provided in the fourth layer for the thermal fluid to pass through. Preferably, as shown in FIG5 , a fin matrix is provided in the cavity, and the fin matrix is arranged in a shuttle-shaped (spindle-shaped) structure. The present invention provides a novel spindle-shaped structure to arrange the fins, which can make the fluid flow along the fins, reduce the flow resistance, further fully exchange heat with the capillary structure, and improve the heat exchange efficiency.
如图5所示，肋片矩阵为多个，相邻的两个肋片矩阵进行首尾连接。作为优选，每个肋片矩阵分为多层，每个阵列包括中心肋片和围绕中心肋片的多层外围肋片，每层肋片都是梭形（纺锤形）结构。通过设置多层，使得流体能够在其中充分流动换热。As shown in FIG5 , there are multiple fin matrices, and two adjacent fin matrices are connected end to end. Preferably, each fin matrix is divided into multiple layers, and each array includes a central fin and multiple layers of peripheral fins surrounding the central fin, and each layer of fins is a shuttle (spindle) structure. By setting multiple layers, the fluid can fully flow and exchange heat therein.
多个肋片矩阵组成一组，每一组的第一纺锤形结构的头部与液体的流体方向相对（迎着流体流动方向），第一纺锤形结构的尾部与第二纺锤形结构头部连接，以此类推，从而形成一组。通过设置多层，使得流体能够在其中充分流动换热，而且流体的流动通道随着流动不断的沿着梭子形状进行频繁的流动以及体积变化，进一步提高换热效率。A plurality of fin matrices form a group, and the head of the first spindle-shaped structure of each group is opposite to the flow direction of the liquid (facing the flow direction of the fluid), and the tail of the first spindle-shaped structure is connected to the head of the second spindle-shaped structure, and so on, thereby forming a group. By setting up multiple layers, the fluid can fully flow and exchange heat therein, and the flow channel of the fluid frequently flows and changes in volume along the shuttle shape as it flows, further improving the heat exchange efficiency.
作为优选，纺锤形结构的头部和尾部都是尖部。Preferably, both the head and the tail of the spindle-shaped structure are pointed.
作为优选，纺锤形结构的头部的尖部夹角小于尾部的尖部夹角。通过上述结构，可以使得流体首先沿着梭子形状慢慢的扩散，避免快速扩散带来的换热效果低的特性，促进换热的进行，同时促进流体的引导，减少阻力，提高了换热效率。Preferably, the tip angle of the head of the spindle-shaped structure is smaller than the tip angle of the tail. Through the above structure, the fluid can first diffuse slowly along the shuttle shape, avoiding the low heat exchange effect caused by rapid diffusion, promoting heat exchange, and at the same time promoting the guidance of the fluid, reducing resistance, and improving heat exchange efficiency.
作为优选，每一组的中心肋片的连线与流体流动方向相同。Preferably, the connecting line of the central fins of each group is in the same direction as the fluid flow direction.
作为优选，多组肋片矩阵平行设置。Preferably, multiple groups of fin matrices are arranged in parallel.
作为优选，肋片矩阵设置在多组肋片之间对应的位置。Preferably, the fin matrix is arranged at corresponding positions between the multiple groups of fins.
所述空腔表面设置纺锤形肋片矩阵组成的流线型导流模组，对称分布的肋片宏观上也以纺锤形分布起到导流的作用，进一步减少流动阻力，进一步与毛细结构充分换热，提高了换热效率。The surface of the cavity is provided with a streamlined flow guide module composed of a spindle-shaped fin matrix. The symmetrically distributed fins also play a flow guide role in a spindle-shaped distribution on a macro scale, further reducing flow resistance, further fully exchanging heat with the capillary structure, and improving heat exchange efficiency.
作为优选，肋片从空腔顶部壁面向底部壁面延伸。Preferably, the fins extend from the top wall surface to the bottom wall surface of the cavity.
作为优选，空腔的上板就是第三层的背面。Preferably, the upper plate of the cavity is the back side of the third layer.
作为优选，肋片设置在第三层的背面。Preferably, the fins are arranged on the back side of the third layer.
作为优选，热流体是从第四层中心流入，然后从四侧流出，例如如图1所示。第四层中设置如图6所示结构。所述第四层空腔的底部上设置折流直板43-46和肋片47-50，所述折流直板包括位于底板中心的中心折流直板43、包围在中心折流直板43外部的第二折流直板44和包围在第二折流直板44外部的第三折流直板45以及包围在第三折流直板45外部的外部折流直板46；Preferably, the hot fluid flows in from the center of the fourth layer and then flows out from the four sides, as shown in FIG1 . The fourth layer is provided with a structure as shown in FIG6 . The bottom of the fourth layer cavity is provided with baffle straight plates 43-46 and fins 47-50, wherein the baffle straight plates include a central baffle straight plate 43 located at the center of the bottom plate, a second baffle straight plate 44 surrounding the outside of the central baffle straight plate 43, a third baffle straight plate 45 surrounding the outside of the second baffle straight plate 44, and an outer baffle straight plate 46 surrounding the outside of the third baffle straight plate 45;
作为优选，如图6所示，中心折流直板43包括四块，每块中心折流直板43包括互相呈一定角度的两个折流直板壁，四块中心折流直板的折流直板壁的延长线形成了第一棱形，折流直板壁形成第一棱形的边的一部分；相邻的中心折流直板的折流直板壁之间设置第一间隔；Preferably, as shown in FIG6 , the central baffle straight plate 43 includes four pieces, each of which includes two baffle straight plate walls at a certain angle to each other, and the extension lines of the baffle straight plate walls of the four central baffle straight plates form a first prism, and the baffle straight plate walls form a part of the edge of the first prism; a first interval is set between the baffle straight plate walls of adjacent central baffle straight plates;
第二折流直板44包括四块，每块第二折流直板44包括互相垂直的两个折流直板壁，四块第二折流直板的折流直板壁的延长线形成了第一长方形结构，折流直板壁形成第一长方形的边的一部分；相邻的第二折流直板的折流直板壁之间设置第二间隔；The second baffle straight plates 44 include four pieces, each of which includes two baffle straight plate walls perpendicular to each other, and the extension lines of the baffle straight plate walls of the four second baffle straight plates form a first rectangular structure, and the baffle straight plate walls form a part of the side of the first rectangle; a second interval is set between the baffle straight plate walls of adjacent second baffle straight plates;
第三折流直板45包括四块，每块第三折流直板45包括互相呈一定角度的两个折流直板壁，四块第三折流直板的折流直板壁的延长线形成了第二棱形结构，折流直板壁形成第二棱形的边的一部分；相邻的第三折流直板45的折流直板壁之间设置第三间隔；The third baffle straight plates 45 include four pieces, each of which includes two baffle straight plate walls that are at a certain angle to each other, and the extension lines of the baffle straight plate walls of the four third baffle straight plates form a second prism structure, and the baffle straight plate walls form a part of the side of the second prism; a third interval is set between the baffle straight plate walls of adjacent third baffle straight plates 45;
外部折流直板46包括两块，每块外部折流直板46包括第一直板壁以及与直板壁两端部处设置的两个互相垂直的两个第二直板壁，两块外部折流直板的折流直板壁的延长线形成了第二长方形结构，第一直板壁、第二直板壁形成第二长方形的边的一部分；两个外部折流直板46的相邻的第二直板壁之间设置第四间隔。The external baffle straight plates 46 include two pieces, each of which includes a first straight plate wall and two second straight plate walls perpendicular to each other arranged at the two ends of the straight plate wall. The extension lines of the baffle straight plate walls of the two external baffle straight plates form a second rectangular structure, and the first straight plate wall and the second straight plate wall form a part of the side of the second rectangle; a fourth interval is arranged between the adjacent second straight plate walls of the two external baffle straight plates 46.
作为优选，中心折流直板43内部设置多个肋片47；第二折流直板44和中心折流直板43之间设置多个肋片48，第二折流直板44和第三折流直板45之间设置多个肋片49；第三折流直板45和外部折流直板46之间设置多个肋片50。Preferably, a plurality of fins 47 are arranged inside the central baffle plate 43; a plurality of fins 48 are arranged between the second baffle plate 44 and the central baffle plate 43; a plurality of fins 49 are arranged between the second baffle plate 44 and the third baffle plate 45; and a plurality of fins 50 are arranged between the third baffle plate 45 and the external baffle plate 46.
本申请的换热器内部设有导流结构，尤其是通过设置多层垂直结构的长方形棱形折流直板，使得液体流动范围广泛，有效减少冷液体流动死区，进一步改善热流面的均温性。The heat exchanger of the present application is provided with a flow guide structure inside, especially by setting up a multi-layer vertical structure of rectangular prism-shaped baffle straight plates, so that the liquid flow range is wide, the dead zone of cold liquid flow is effectively reduced, and the temperature uniformity of the heat flow surface is further improved.
本申请的换热器中，通过在中心折流直板内部、中心折流直板和第二折流直板之间、第二和第三折流直板之间、第三和外部折流直板之间设置圆柱型肋片，在外部空间增大区域加强扰动，即增强了对流场的扰动，并且扩展了换热面积，利于强化换热，也能够避免流动阻力过大，适应范围广泛。In the heat exchanger of the present application, cylindrical fins are arranged inside the central baffle straight plate, between the central baffle straight plate and the second baffle straight plate, between the second and third baffle straight plates, and between the third and outer baffle straight plates, so as to increase the disturbance in the external space, that is, enhance the disturbance of the flow field, and expand the heat exchange area, which is beneficial to enhance the heat exchange, avoid excessive flow resistance, and have a wide range of adaptability.
作为优选，相对的第一间隔中点的连线的延长线、相对的第三间隔中点的延长线经过第二折流直板44互相垂直的两个折流直板壁的垂直点、外部折流直板46的互相垂直的两个折流直板壁的垂直点。Preferably, the extension line of the line connecting the midpoints of the relative first intervals and the extension line of the midpoints of the relative third intervals pass through the vertical points of the two mutually perpendicular baffle straight plate walls of the second baffle straight plate 44 and the vertical points of the two mutually perpendicular baffle straight plate walls of the external baffle straight plate 46.
作为优选，相对的第二间隔中点的连线的延长线、相对的第四间隔中点的延长线经过中心折流直板43互相呈一定角度的两个折流直板壁的连接点、第三折流直板45的互相呈一定角度的两个折流直板壁的连接点。Preferably, the extension line of the line connecting the midpoints of the second interval relative to each other and the extension line of the midpoints of the fourth interval relative to each other pass through the connection point of the two baffle straight plate walls of the center baffle straight plate 43 that are at a certain angle to each other and the connection point of the two baffle straight plate walls of the third baffle straight plate 45 that are at a certain angle to each other.
通过上述优选的设计，能够使得液体分布更均匀，换热效果更好。Through the above preferred design, the liquid distribution can be more uniform and the heat exchange effect can be better.
作为优选，针对图6的结构，所述第四层包括设置在背面上的热流体进口41和热流体出口42，所述热流体进口41设置第一棱形的中心位置，所述热流体出口42设置2个，分别设置在第二长方形的相对的两端，设置在第一直板壁的外部，两个出口42的中心线的连线经过第一直板壁的中心。通过如此设置，能够使得流体从第四间隔流出后绕道进入出口，从而增加流通面积，提高换热效率。Preferably, for the structure of FIG6 , the fourth layer includes a hot fluid inlet 41 and a hot fluid outlet 42 arranged on the back side, the hot fluid inlet 41 is arranged at the center of the first prism, and two hot fluid outlets 42 are arranged, which are arranged at opposite ends of the second rectangle and outside the first straight plate wall, and the line connecting the center lines of the two outlets 42 passes through the center of the first straight plate wall. By such an arrangement, the fluid can bypass the outlet after flowing out of the fourth interval, thereby increasing the flow area and improving the heat exchange efficiency.
通过上述结构，热液体从盖板中心区域流入，在热液体刚进入换热器时，温度高，与热源温差大，换热能力强，可以更有效地控制热源区域的温度。Through the above structure, hot liquid flows in from the center area of the cover plate. When the hot liquid just enters the heat exchanger, the temperature is high, the temperature difference with the heat source is large, the heat exchange capacity is strong, and the temperature of the heat source area can be more effectively controlled.
本申请采用单进口、多出口的流动方式，使得冷液体从中部向两侧流动，改善了以往单进单出的流动方式所导致的温度沿流动方向逐渐升高的现象，更进一步地改善了散热的均温性。The present application adopts a single-inlet, multiple-outlet flow mode, so that the cold liquid flows from the middle to both sides, improving the phenomenon of gradual temperature increase along the flow direction caused by the previous single-inlet and single-outlet flow mode, and further improving the temperature uniformity of heat dissipation.
折流直板43-46是导流结构作用，可视为更大尺寸的长直型肋片。通过设置这些折流直板，也能起到扰流以及强化传热的作用。The baffle plates 43-46 are flow-guiding structures and can be regarded as long straight fins of larger size. By arranging these baffle plates, flow disturbance and heat transfer enhancement can also be achieved.
作为优选，热流体进口41位于两个液体出口的中间位置。通过上述设置，使得液体分配更加均匀，散热性能更加均匀。Preferably, the hot fluid inlet 41 is located in the middle of the two liquid outlets. Through the above arrangement, the liquid distribution is more uniform and the heat dissipation performance is more uniform.
所述肋片47-50是圆柱形。The ribs 47 - 50 are cylindrical.
所述肋片47-50的高度和折流直板43-46的高度相同，都等于方形空腔的高度。The height of the fins 47-50 is the same as the height of the baffle straight plates 43-46, and is equal to the height of the square cavity.
作为优选，如图6所示，折流直板43-46的垂直壁的垂直点位置设置流线形结构，优选是圆弧形结构。通过设置流线形结构，能够减少液体的流动阻力，减少液体的死区，提高换热效果。Preferably, as shown in Fig. 6, the vertical points of the vertical walls of the baffle straight plates 43-46 are provided with streamlined structures, preferably arc-shaped structures. By providing the streamlined structures, the flow resistance of the liquid can be reduced, the dead zone of the liquid can be reduced, and the heat exchange effect can be improved.
作为优选，肋片设置在第三层的背面。Preferably, the fins are arranged on the back side of the third layer.
在第二折流直板和第三折流直板之间，从第四层的中心向外，距离第四层的中心越远，相邻的肋片49之间距离越远。主要是随着距离中心越远，越靠近第三折流直板，流体的流动空间越小，流动阻力增加，通过设置相邻的肋片49之间距离越远，使得流体流速保持相对的稳定，使得整体换热能够达到相对的均匀，避免局部受热不均匀，造成局部过早的损坏。Between the second baffle plate and the third baffle plate, from the center of the fourth layer to the outside, the farther from the center of the fourth layer, the farther the distance between adjacent fins 49. Mainly, as the distance from the center increases and the closer to the third baffle plate, the smaller the flow space of the fluid, the greater the flow resistance. By setting the distance between adjacent fins 49 to be farther, the fluid flow rate remains relatively stable, so that the overall heat exchange can be relatively uniform, avoiding uneven local heating and causing local premature damage.
进一步优选，在第二折流直板和第三折流直板之间，从第四层的中心向外，距离第四层的中心越远，相邻的肋片49之间距离越远的幅度不断的增加。上述的分布也是符合流体流动以及换热的分布规律变化，通过数值模拟和实验发现，能够进一步提高换热效率。It is further preferred that, between the second baffle plate and the third baffle plate, from the center of the fourth layer to the outside, the distance between adjacent fins 49 increases as the distance from the center of the fourth layer increases. The above distribution is also in accordance with the distribution law of fluid flow and heat exchange, and it is found through numerical simulation and experiments that the heat exchange efficiency can be further improved.
在第三折流直板和外部折流直板之间，从第四层的中心向外，距离第四层的中心越远，相邻的肋片50之间距离越远。主要是随着距离中心越远，流体的流动空间阻力大，流速会相对变慢，通过设置相邻的肋片50之间距离越远，使得流体流速保持相对的稳定，使得整体换热能够达到相对的均匀，避免局部受热不均匀，造成局部过早的损坏。Between the third baffle plate and the outer baffle plate, from the center of the fourth layer to the outside, the farther from the center of the fourth layer, the farther the distance between adjacent fins 50. This is mainly because as the distance from the center increases, the flow space resistance of the fluid increases, and the flow rate becomes relatively slow. By setting the distance between adjacent fins 50 to be farther, the fluid flow rate remains relatively stable, so that the overall heat exchange can be relatively uniform, avoiding uneven local heating and causing local premature damage.
进一步优选，在第三折流直板和外部折流直板之间，从第四层的中心向外，距离第四层的中心越远，相邻的肋片50之间距离越近的幅度不断的增加。上述的分布也是符合流体流动以及换热的分布规律变化，通过数值模拟和实验发现，能够进一步提高换热效率。It is further preferred that between the third baffle plate and the external baffle plate, from the center of the fourth layer to the outside, the distance between adjacent fins 50 increases as the distance from the center of the fourth layer increases. The above distribution is also in line with the distribution law of fluid flow and heat exchange, and it is found through numerical simulation and experiments that the heat exchange efficiency can be further improved.
在所设计的中心扩散型扁平管中，流体从所述上盖中心区域进口处进入扁平管的腔体，经过所述底层导流结构，流体逐渐从中心进口区域流向扁平管腔体的四周，并且在流动过程中与各个流道（包括肋片）表面对流换热，最后在所述换热区域连接的位置混合后，从扁平管两侧出口流出，从而进行换热。In the designed central diffusion flat tube, the fluid enters the cavity of the flat tube from the inlet of the central area of the upper cover, passes through the bottom guide structure, and gradually flows from the central inlet area to the surroundings of the flat tube cavity. During the flow, the fluid performs convective heat exchange with the surface of each flow channel (including fins), and finally mixes at the position where the heat exchange area is connected, and then flows out from the outlets on both sides of the flat tube, thereby performing heat exchange.
但相对于以往传统集热管板，所述中心扩散型扁平管改变了流体单进单出的流动方式，取而代之的是单进双出，因此在此次设计中，将出口加工在扁平管的两侧，可有效改善扁平管热流面的均温性。However, compared with the traditional solar collector tube plates, the central diffusion flat tube changes the flow mode of single inlet and single outlet of the fluid and replaces it with single inlet and double outlet. Therefore, in this design, the outlet is processed on both sides of the flat tube, which can effectively improve the temperature uniformity of the heat flow surface of the flat tube.
作为优选，图5、图6的所述肋片是弹性部件，通过弹性部件可以使得流体流动的时候冲刷柱体肋片，柱体肋片会脉动性的摆动，从而促进除垢，振动导致扰流作用，也能强化传热。Preferably, the fins in Figures 5 and 6 are elastic components, through which the fluid can flush the column fins when it flows, and the column fins will oscillate in a pulsating manner, thereby promoting descaling, and the vibration causes turbulence, which can also enhance heat transfer.
作为优选，沿着热流体流动方向，肋片的弹性越来越小。因为随着研究发现，随着流体进行换热，流体温度越来越低，不容易积垢，而且沿着流体流动方向结垢程度越来越轻，因此通过设置弹性程度不断降低，已达到进一步除垢强化传热目的，减少大弹性的导热体，降低成本。As a preference, the elasticity of the fins is reduced along the flow direction of the hot fluid. This is because as research has shown, as the fluid undergoes heat exchange, the fluid temperature becomes lower and lower, making it less likely to accumulate scale, and the degree of scaling becomes lighter along the flow direction of the fluid. Therefore, by setting the degree of elasticity to be continuously reduced, the purpose of further descaling and enhancing heat transfer is achieved, reducing the number of highly elastic heat conductors and reducing costs.
进一步优选，沿着热流体流动方向，肋片的弹性越来越小的幅度不断增加。上述的变化也是根据研究发现的，符合结垢的规律，能够进一步降低成本，提高换热效率，降低结垢。Further preferably, along the flow direction of the hot fluid, the elasticity of the fins is gradually reduced and the amplitude is continuously increased. The above changes are also based on research findings, in line with the law of scaling, and can further reduce costs, improve heat exchange efficiency, and reduce scaling.
换热器工作流程如下：冷流体由驱动泵驱动从冷流体进口11流入进口集管21，然后流入多孔材料流道，而后通过进口分支管23分流，流体在锥形分支管中受到顶端的阻碍作用被迫向下流动，由分支管下方的进口流道接收分流，由于进口流道两侧皆为多孔材料31，因此，流体在多孔材料中向两个相反方向流动，在此过程中吸收由多孔材料31传递的热量，流体吸热完成后受力向上流动，通过出口流道流至出口分支管24内，经出口分支管24出口流出，而后汇入到出口集管22流出多孔材料流道内，最终通过冷流体出口12流出，至此，整个流动换热过程完成。The working process of the heat exchanger is as follows: the cold fluid is driven by the driving pump to flow from the cold fluid inlet 11 into the inlet manifold 21, and then into the porous material flow channel, and then diverted through the inlet branch pipe 23. The fluid is forced to flow downward due to the obstruction at the top of the conical branch pipe, and is received and diverted by the inlet flow channel below the branch pipe. Since both sides of the inlet flow channel are porous materials 31, the fluid flows in two opposite directions in the porous material, absorbing the heat transferred by the porous material 31 in the process. After the fluid absorbs heat, it is forced to flow upward, flows through the outlet flow channel to the outlet branch pipe 24, flows out through the outlet of the outlet branch pipe 24, and then merges into the outlet manifold 22 to flow out of the porous material flow channel, and finally flows out through the cold fluid outlet 12. At this point, the entire flow heat exchange process is completed.
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例披露如上，但本发明并非限定于此。任何本领域技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，均可作各种更动与修改，因此本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the scope defined by the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2022113740066 | 2022-11-04 | ||
| CN202211374006 | 2022-11-04 |
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| CN117073430A CN117073430A (en) | 2023-11-17 |
| CN117073430Btrue CN117073430B (en) | 2024-04-26 |
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| CN202211438264.6AActiveCN116428897B (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2022-11-17 | A spindle-shaped hot runner plate heat exchanger |
| CN202410030281.9AActiveCN118208977B (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2022-11-17 | A plate heat exchanger with a multi-layer structure having through holes |
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