技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种精密加工方法，特别是一种用于多通道3D打印壳体的精密制造方法，可有效避免采用“机械加工+焊接+机械加工”分体组合制造工艺流程，该方式存在工序多、生产周期长、技术难度大、性能稳定性差、可靠性难以保证等问题。同时解决壳体切削加工过程中内腔多通道的多余物(金属屑、切削液等)防控问题。The present invention relates to a precision processing method, especially a precision manufacturing method for multi-channel 3D printing shells, which can effectively avoid the use of "machining + welding + machining" split combined manufacturing process. This method has process steps There are many problems, such as long production cycle, high technical difficulty, poor performance stability, and difficulty in ensuring reliability. At the same time, it solves the problem of preventing and controlling excess materials (metal chips, cutting fluid, etc.) in the multi-channel inner cavity during the shell cutting process.
背景技术Background technique
针栓式发动机中的推力室是实现推进剂雾化、混合、燃烧并产生推力的关键组件，其性能直接关系到整个发射任务的成败；其中壳体是推力室中最关键的组件，壳体采用具有高的强度/重量比和较高抗腐蚀性及耐热性能的轻合金材料高温钛合金TC4，原有加工工艺是采用多零件机械加工后，焊接而成壳体毛坯，形成壳体内腔的复杂燃料通道，但存在因焊接变形、高温强振动情况下焊接部位可靠性保证困难等问题；同时为了防止壳体精密加工过程中的金属屑和切削液等杂质进入燃料通道影响壳体燃料流阻，原工艺采用绝缘胶带封堵敞口部位，防止多余物进入燃料通道，但由于壳体加工工艺流程长，在加工过程中胶带受切削液的长时间冲刷，可能导致胶带粘性降低，使其存在起皮或翘起现象，致使金属屑、切削液等杂质可能流入壳体内腔通道，常规清洗过程无法保证内腔通道的洁净。The thrust chamber in the pinbolt engine is a key component to achieve propellant atomization, mixing, combustion and thrust generation. Its performance is directly related to the success or failure of the entire launch mission; the casing is the most critical component in the thrust chamber. The casing The high-temperature titanium alloy TC4, a light alloy material with high strength/weight ratio and high corrosion resistance and heat resistance, is used. The original processing technology is to use multiple parts to be machined and then welded into a shell blank to form the inner cavity of the shell. However, there are problems such as difficulty in ensuring the reliability of the welding part due to welding deformation and high temperature and strong vibration; at the same time, in order to prevent impurities such as metal chips and cutting fluid during the precision machining of the casing from entering the fuel channel and affecting the fuel flow of the casing. The original process uses insulating tape to seal the open parts to prevent excess materials from entering the fuel channel. However, due to the long process of processing the casing, the tape is washed away by the cutting fluid for a long time during the processing, which may cause the viscosity of the tape to decrease, making it There is peeling or warping, which may cause metal chips, cutting fluid and other impurities to flow into the inner cavity channel of the housing. The conventional cleaning process cannot ensure the cleanliness of the inner cavity channel.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明解决的技术问题是：克服现有技术的不足，提供一种多通道3D打印壳体的精密制造方法，解决了原采用多零件机械加工后焊接而成壳体存在因焊接变形、高温强振动情况下焊接部位可靠性保证困难等问题。The technical problem solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, provide a precision manufacturing method for multi-channel 3D printing shells, and solve the problem of welding deformation, high temperature and strong strength in the original shells that are welded after mechanical processing of multiple parts. Problems such as difficulty in ensuring the reliability of welding parts under vibration conditions.
本发明的技术方案包括：一种多通道3D打印壳体的精密制造方法，包括：The technical solution of the present invention includes: a precision manufacturing method of multi-channel 3D printing shell, including:
进行多通道3D壳体毛坯成型；Perform multi-channel 3D shell blank molding;
对成型后的多通道3D壳体毛坯进行后处理，包括热处理和打磨；Post-process the formed multi-channel 3D shell blank, including heat treatment and grinding;
对后处理后的多通道3D壳体毛坯进行壳体加工前通道填充；Perform channel filling on the post-processed multi-channel 3D shell blank before shell processing;
对通道填充后的多通道3D壳体毛坯进行加工；Process the multi-channel 3D shell blank after the channels are filled;
加工完毕后进行通道清除。After processing is completed, the channel is cleared.
所述进行多通道3D壳体毛坯成型，包括：The multi-channel 3D shell blank molding includes:
采用建模软件，通过拉伸、回转、扫略、放样绘制出具有薄壁夹层、带复杂再生冷却通道结构金属壳体的三维模型；Using modeling software, a three-dimensional model of a metal shell with a thin-walled sandwich and a complex regenerative cooling channel structure is drawn through stretching, rotation, sweeping, and lofting;
将壳体三维模型导入增材制造辅助软件中，根据多通道壳体的结构特点，添加工艺性支撑；Import the three-dimensional model of the shell into the additive manufacturing auxiliary software, and add process support based on the structural characteristics of the multi-channel shell;
对添加工艺性支撑后的多通道壳体进行打印，实现多通道3D打印壳体的基材成型，获得壳体毛坯。The multi-channel shell after adding technical support is printed to realize the base material molding of the multi-channel 3D printing shell and obtain the shell blank.
所述添加工艺性支撑时，需添加的部位包括壳体身部端面与基板之间、壳体外形突出部位、内腔空洞部位。When adding technical supports, the parts to be added include between the end surface of the housing body and the substrate, the protruding parts of the housing shape, and the hollow parts of the inner cavity.
采用TC4钛合金激光选区熔化成形加工工艺，对添加工艺性支撑后的多通道壳体进行打印。The TC4 titanium alloy laser selective melting forming process is used to print the multi-channel shell after adding technical support.
所述热处理和打磨包括：对成型的壳体毛坯采用真空退火的方式进行热处理；对热处理后的壳体毛坯采用线切割方式去除辅助支撑，并进行精修打磨；采用喷砂方式完成壳体毛坯的整体初步光整，再采用磨料流进行壳体毛坯的精光整。The heat treatment and polishing include: heat treating the formed shell blank by vacuum annealing; using wire cutting to remove the auxiliary supports from the heat-treated shell blank, and performing fine grinding; and sand blasting to complete the shell blank. The overall body is initially finished, and then the abrasive flow is used to finish the shell blank.
所述对后处理后的多通道3D壳体毛坯进行壳体加工前通道填充，包括：在加工前，加热洁净的石蜡，并将石蜡沿壳体内腔通道进行填充，要求从壳体毛坯各入口填充，并在出口部位进行检查，保证石蜡填充充盈，无空洞、残缺现象。The post-processed multi-channel 3D shell blank is filled with channels before shell processing, including: heating clean paraffin before processing, and filling the paraffin along the inner cavity channel of the shell. It is required to start from each entrance of the shell blank. Fill and check at the exit site to ensure that the paraffin is fully filled and there are no holes or defects.
所述对通道填充后的多通道3D壳体毛坯进行加工，包括：根据壳体的结构特征，对填充石蜡后的壳体进行内外型面的粗加工，确定精加工的基准；粗加工后，采用振动时效方式消除壳体的残余应力；最后进行壳体喷注面的精密加工，加工时采用盘类装夹工装连接壳体法兰结构，找正加工区域。The processing of the multi-channel 3D shell blank after the channels are filled includes: according to the structural characteristics of the shell, rough processing of the internal and external profiles of the paraffin-filled shell to determine the benchmark for finishing; after rough processing, The vibration aging method is used to eliminate the residual stress of the casing; finally, the injection surface of the casing is precision processed. During processing, a plate clamping tool is used to connect the flange structure of the casing and align the processing area.
所述通道清除包括：对精密加工后的壳体，将壳体的多通道内腔的蜡进行充分融化，并流出壳体通道；从壳体的敞口部位通入蒸汽对壳体的内腔通道进行充分吹除，并保证出口部位无蜡状残留物流出；最后对壳体通道进行冲洗干净。The channel cleaning includes: fully melting the wax in the multi-channel inner cavity of the precision-machined shell and flowing it out of the shell channel; introducing steam from the open part of the shell to the inner cavity of the shell The channel should be fully blown out to ensure that no waxy residue flows out of the outlet; finally, the shell channel should be rinsed clean.
采用热水煮的方式，将壳体的多通道内腔的蜡进行充分融化，并流出壳体通道。Use hot water to boil the wax in the multi-channel inner cavity of the shell to fully melt it and flow out of the shell channels.
采用无水乙醇对壳体通道进行冲洗干净，再用液体颗粒度检测仪对系统用于冲洗的无水乙醇进行洁净度检测，保证颗粒度满足技术指标要求。Use absolute ethanol to flush the shell channels, and then use a liquid particle size detector to test the cleanliness of the absolute ethanol used for flushing in the system to ensure that the particle size meets the technical specifications.
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于：本发明应用于薄壁夹层、带再生冷却通道结构的复杂金属壳体的制造技术，避免采用“机械加工+焊接+机械加工”分体组合制造工艺流程，消除焊接过程中的变形、高温强振动情况下焊接部位可靠性的问题；壳体毛坯状态采用喷砂方式实现壳体毛坯的整体初步光整，再采用磨料流进行壳体毛坯的精光整。壳体毛坯加工前，采用洁净的融化状态石蜡进行壳体多通道的填充，避免因后续机械加工过程中切屑、切削液等物质进入通道内腔；壳体精加工前，采用振动时效的方式，消除壳体毛坯粗加工过程中的残余应力；壳体精加工后，采用100℃的蒸馏水对内腔填充的蜡进行冲洗，并采用热蒸汽进行吹除；采用液体颗粒度检测仪对冲洗后无水乙醇进行洁净度检查，保证壳体指标满足要求。The advantage of the present invention compared with the existing technology is that the present invention is applied to the manufacturing technology of complex metal shells with thin-walled interlayers and regenerative cooling channel structures, and avoids the use of "machining + welding + machining" split combined manufacturing processes. process to eliminate deformation during the welding process and problems with the reliability of the welding part under high temperature and strong vibration; the shell blank state is sandblasted to achieve the overall preliminary finishing of the shell blank, and then an abrasive flow is used to finish the shell blank . Before processing the shell blank, use clean molten paraffin to fill the multi-channels of the shell to avoid chips, cutting fluids and other substances from entering the channel cavity during subsequent machining; before finishing the shell, use vibration aging. Eliminate the residual stress during the rough machining of the shell blank; after the shell is finished, use 100°C distilled water to flush the wax filled in the inner cavity, and use hot steam to blow it off; use a liquid particle size detector to check the wax after flushing. Water and ethanol are used for cleanliness inspection to ensure that the shell indicators meet the requirements.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明3D打印壳体外形支撑图。Figure 1 is a supporting diagram of the appearance of the 3D printed housing of the present invention.
图2是本发明3D打印壳体精加工后结构图；其中，2a表示壳体内腔流道，2b表示壳体精密加工部位。Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the 3D printed housing of the present invention after finishing; wherein, 2a represents the flow channel in the inner cavity of the housing, and 2b represents the precision machining part of the housing.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1、2所示，本发明用如下优选实施例进一步说明具体实施方式，但本发明并不仅限于以下实施例。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the present invention uses the following preferred embodiments to further illustrate the specific implementation, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
1、利用建模软件UG设计出具有薄壁夹层、带复杂再生冷却通道结构金属壳体的三维模型，并将三维模型的STL格式文件导入Magics增材制造辅助软件平台；1. Use the modeling software UG to design a three-dimensional model of a metal shell with a thin-walled interlayer and a complex regenerative cooling channel structure, and import the STL format file of the three-dimensional model into the Magics additive manufacturing auxiliary software platform;
2.在Magics增材制造辅助软件平台中，根据金属壳体的结构特点，确定成形方向为壳体身部端面与水平方向呈0°角；对与成形平台夹角小于40°的壳体悬垂面添加工艺性支撑，壳体身部端面与基板之间添加实体支撑，壳体突出部位添加网格支撑；2. In the Magics additive manufacturing auxiliary software platform, according to the structural characteristics of the metal shell, the forming direction is determined to be an angle of 0° between the end face of the shell body and the horizontal direction; for shells with an angle less than 40° to the forming platform, the overhang Technological support is added to the surface, solid support is added between the end surface of the shell body and the base plate, and grid support is added to the protruding parts of the shell;
3.在惰性气体氩气的保护下，采用TC4钛合金激光选区熔化成形加工工艺实现多通道3D打印壳体的基材成型；3. Under the protection of inert gas argon, the TC4 titanium alloy laser selective melting forming process is used to realize the base material forming of the multi-channel 3D printing shell;
4.对成型的壳体毛坯采用真空800度-850度退火的方式进行热处理；4. The formed shell blank is heat treated by vacuum annealing at 800-850 degrees;
5.对壳体毛坯采用线切割方式去除辅助职称，并进行精修打磨；5. Use wire cutting to remove auxiliary titles from the shell blank, and perform fine grinding;
6.采用喷砂方式实现壳体毛坯的整体初步光整，再采用磨料流进行壳体毛坯的精光整。6. Use sandblasting to achieve the overall preliminary finishing of the shell blank, and then use abrasive flow to finish the shell blank.
7.加热洁净的石蜡，并将其沿壳体通道进行填充，要求从壳体毛坯上端环槽填充，并在下端测嘴部位进行检查，石蜡从下端测嘴流出，待石蜡缓慢冷却后，会有收缩，再进行通道填充充盈，保证上下端均无空洞、残缺等现象；7. Heat the clean paraffin and fill it along the channel of the shell. It is required to fill the ring groove at the upper end of the shell blank and check the lower end nozzle. The paraffin will flow out from the lower nozzle. After the paraffin cools slowly, it will If there is shrinkage, then fill the channel to ensure that there are no holes, defects, etc. at the upper and lower ends;
8.填充充盈的壳体进行上下内腔型面粗加工，其中上下端端面留有0.5mm余量，内腔直径方向留有0.5mm余量；8. After filling the fully filled shell, roughen the upper and lower inner cavity surfaces, leaving a 0.5mm margin on the upper and lower end faces, and a 0.5mm margin in the diameter direction of the inner cavity;
9.粗加工后，沿轴向方向进行振动时效，采用振动频率45～50Hz，振幅振动时间2h参数进行，消除壳体的残余应力；9. After rough machining, perform vibration aging along the axial direction, using a vibration frequency of 45 to 50 Hz and an amplitude of The vibration time is set to 2h to eliminate the residual stress of the shell;
10.采用盘类装夹工装，并找正A基准三个截面跳动量在0.003mm以内，加工区域，进行壳体喷注面的精密加工，保证圆度在0.005以内，与基准A的同轴度在0.005以内；10. Use disk type clamping tooling, and align the three cross-sections of reference A so that the runout is within 0.003mm. Perform precision machining of the injection surface of the shell in the processing area to ensure that the roundness is within 0.005 and is coaxial with reference A. The degree is within 0.005;
11.对加工后的壳体，采用沸腾的蒸馏水蒸煮壳体，使多通道内腔的石蜡进行充分融化，并流出壳体通道；11. For the processed shell, boil the shell with boiling distilled water to fully melt the paraffin in the multi-channel inner cavity and flow out of the shell channel;
12.从壳体的小端通入热蒸汽10min，对壳体的内腔通道进行充分吹除，吹除时间在10-15min，采用洁净的绸布封堵出口，在强光灯下检查绸布，应无杂质、油污等，若存在，则反复进行吹除直至出口部位无蜡状残留物等流出；12. Pour in hot steam from the small end of the shell for 10 minutes to fully blow out the inner cavity channel of the shell. The blowing time is 10-15 minutes. Use clean silk cloth to seal the outlet. Check the silk cloth under a strong light. The cloth should be free of impurities, oil stains, etc. If present, blow it off repeatedly until no waxy residue or the like flows out from the outlet;
13.采用洁净的汽油和酒精依次对壳体通道进行冲洗干净，冲洗时间2h；在采用液体颗粒度检测仪检测洁净度前，系统出口接2微米的过滤器，再采用洁净的无水乙醇冲洗，对冲洗的无水乙醇进行洁净度检测，颗粒度满足技术指标GJB2203A-2005中50等级要求后，产品内外表面及通道符合交付要求，无多余物隐患。13. Use clean gasoline and alcohol to flush the housing passages in sequence for 2 hours; before using a liquid particle size detector to detect the cleanliness, connect a 2-micron filter to the system outlet, and then flush with clean absolute ethanol. , the cleanliness of the rinsed anhydrous ethanol was tested. After the particle size met the 50 grade requirements in the technical indicator GJB2203A-2005, the internal and external surfaces and channels of the product met the delivery requirements, and there were no hidden dangers of excess matter.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311067321.9ACN117066824A (en) | 2023-08-23 | 2023-08-23 | A precision manufacturing method for multi-channel 3D printed shells |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311067321.9ACN117066824A (en) | 2023-08-23 | 2023-08-23 | A precision manufacturing method for multi-channel 3D printed shells |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117066824Atrue CN117066824A (en) | 2023-11-17 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311067321.9APendingCN117066824A (en) | 2023-08-23 | 2023-08-23 | A precision manufacturing method for multi-channel 3D printed shells |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117066824A (en) |
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