本申请涉及多媒体技术领域，尤其涉及一种数据传输的方法、相关设备以及通信系统。The present application relates to the field of multimedia technology, and in particular, to a data transmission method, related equipment and communication system.
随着多媒体传输技术的发展，视频用户的规模以及视频码率迅速增加，带来了巨大的视频传输流量，使得传输网络不可避免的会出现拥塞。With the development of multimedia transmission technology, the scale of video users and the video bit rate have increased rapidly, which has brought huge video transmission traffic and inevitably caused congestion in the transmission network.
为缓解传输网络出现拥塞的情况，传输设备传输视频流时，会根据视频流所包括的视频帧的帧类型选择性的丢弃部分视频帧。其中，视频流由一系列图像组(group of pictures，GOP)组成。一个GOP通常可以包括一个I帧(inter frame)以及一个或多个其他类型的视频帧，如B帧(bi-predictive frame)、P帧(predictive frame)等。每一个视频帧中的视频数据均可以封装至多个数据包中。当传输网络出现拥塞时，优先丢弃已封装B帧的数据包、再丢弃已封装P帧的数据包，最后丢弃已封装I帧的数据包。In order to alleviate congestion in the transmission network, when the transmission device transmits a video stream, it will selectively discard some video frames according to the frame types of the video frames included in the video stream. Among them, the video stream consists of a series of image groups (group of pictures, GOP). A GOP can usually include an I frame (inter frame) and one or more other types of video frames, such as B frames (bi-predictive frames), P frames (predictive frames), etc. The video data in each video frame can be encapsulated into multiple data packets. When congestion occurs on the transmission network, data packets encapsulated in B frames are discarded first, then data packets in encapsulated P frames are discarded, and finally data packets in encapsulated I frames are discarded.
但是，数据包的丢失会对媒体设备的视频画面带来影响，从而在媒体设备侧出现视频画面花屏、卡顿等事件。However, the loss of data packets will have an impact on the video screen of the media device, resulting in video screen blur, freezes and other events on the media device side.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请提供了一种数据传输的方法、相关设备以及通信系统，其用于避免数据传输过程中出现网络拥塞。This application provides a data transmission method, related equipment and communication system, which are used to avoid network congestion during data transmission.
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种数据传输的方法，所述方法包括：网络设备获取来自多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息，所述流量传输信息包括所述终端设备数据传输的流量周期和所述流量周期中的流量峰值；所述网络设备根据所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息确定第一终端设备的流量调整指令，所述流量调整指令用于所述第一终端设备改变所述流量峰值出现的时机；所述网络设备向所述第一终端设备发送所述流量调整指令。In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method of data transmission. The method includes: a network device obtains traffic transmission information from each of multiple terminal devices, where the traffic transmission information includes data transmission traffic of the terminal device. cycle and the traffic peak value in the traffic cycle; the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the traffic transmission information of each of the multiple terminal devices, and the flow adjustment instruction is used for the first terminal device Changing the timing at which the traffic peak occurs; the network device sends the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.
可见，采用本方面所示的方法，无需丢弃终端设备所传输的数据帧，即可有效地避免媒体设备所播放的视频出现花屏、卡顿等事件。而且网络设备能够灵活的调整来自多个终端设备各自的流量峰值在网络设备侧出现的时机，避免多个终端设备所传输的流量峰值集中的向网络设备传输，能够有效地避免网络拥塞的情况下，提高终端设备和网络设备之间网络资源的利用率。It can be seen that by using the method shown in this aspect, there is no need to discard the data frames transmitted by the terminal device, and it can effectively prevent the video played by the media device from occurrences such as screen blur and freezing. Moreover, the network device can flexibly adjust the timing when the traffic peaks from multiple terminal devices appear on the network device side, preventing the traffic peaks transmitted by multiple terminal devices from being transmitted to the network device in a concentrated manner, which can effectively avoid network congestion. , improve the utilization of network resources between terminal equipment and network equipment.
而且采用本方面所示的方法，能够有效地避免多个终端设备向网络设备所传输的流量峰值同时出现在同一时间段内，从而产生巨大突发流量导致网络衰退和恶化的情况的出现。Moreover, using the method shown in this aspect can effectively avoid the occurrence of traffic peaks transmitted by multiple terminal devices to network devices at the same time, thereby generating huge bursts of traffic that lead to network decline and deterioration.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述网络设备根据所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息确定第一终端设备的流量调整指令之前，所述方法还包括：所述网络设备确定当前的统计时间段内数据传输的流量峰值大于或等于拥塞阈值或者当前的统计时间段内数据传输的流量峰值出现的次数大于或等于拥塞阈值。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device based on the traffic transmission information of each of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: The device determines that the peak value of data transmission traffic in the current statistical time period is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold or that the number of times the peak value of data transmission traffic occurs in the current statistical time period is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold.
可见，本方面所示对多个终端设备向网络设备传输数据包的传输情况进行预判，若预判出当前的统计时间段内数据传输的流量峰值的数量大于或等于拥塞阈值的情况下，才会 对多个数据包的传输情况进行检测以生成流量调整指令，避免频繁的生成流量调整指令所带来了不必要的开销。It can be seen that this aspect predicts the transmission of data packets from multiple terminal devices to network devices. If it is predicted that the number of data transmission traffic peaks in the current statistical time period is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold, Only then will the transmission status of multiple data packets be detected to generate traffic adjustment instructions to avoid unnecessary overhead caused by frequent generation of traffic adjustment instructions.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述网络设备根据所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息确定第一终端设备的流量调整指令之前，所述方法还包括：网络设备预设检测周期，网络设备每隔检测周期，获取一次流量调整指令。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device based on the traffic transmission information of each of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device pre- Assuming a detection period, the network device obtains a traffic adjustment instruction every detection period.
可见，本方面所示对多个终端设备所传输的数据包周期性的获取流量调整指令，从而能够及时的发现网络拥塞的情况。It can be seen that as shown in this aspect, traffic adjustment instructions are periodically obtained for data packets transmitted by multiple terminal devices, so that network congestion can be discovered in a timely manner.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述网络设备根据所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息确定第一终端设备的流量调整指令之前，所述方法还包括：网络设备确定有新的终端设备连接至网络设备，则网络设备获取一次流量调整指令。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device based on the traffic transmission information of each of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device determines When a new terminal device is connected to the network device, the network device obtains a traffic adjustment instruction.
可见，本方面所示在由新的终端设备连接网络设备的情况下，网络设备立即获取一次流量调整指令，以避免新的终端设备的数据传输造成网络拥塞。It can be seen that in this aspect, when a new terminal device is connected to the network device, the network device immediately obtains a traffic adjustment instruction to avoid network congestion caused by data transmission of the new terminal device.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述网络设备根据所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息确定第一终端设备的流量调整指令之前，所述方法还包括：网络设备接收来自媒体设备的拥塞指示信息，所述拥塞指示信息用于指示媒体设备播放来自多个终端设备的数据出现画面花屏、卡顿等事件。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the traffic transmission information of each of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: the network device receives Congestion indication information from the media device. The congestion indication information is used to instruct the media device to play data from multiple terminal devices to cause screen corruption, freezes and other events.
可见，本方面所示的网络设备在确定媒体设备所播放的视频出现画面花屏、卡顿等事件，则立即获取一次流量调整指令，以调整出现拥塞的网络。避免媒体设备在后续播放视频的过程中出现画面花屏、卡顿。It can be seen that when the network device shown in this aspect determines that the video played by the media device has screen blur, freezes, etc., it immediately obtains a traffic adjustment instruction to adjust the congested network. This prevents the media device from experiencing screen blur or freezes during subsequent video playback.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述流量调整指令用于将出现在后续的所述统计时间段内的所述流量峰值的数量调整至小于所述拥塞阈值。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to adjust the number of the traffic peaks appearing in the subsequent statistical time period to be less than the congestion threshold.
可见，在后续的统计时间段内的流量峰值的数量小于拥塞阈值，则有效地避免多个终端设备通过后续的统计时间段向网络设备传输数据帧的过程中出现拥塞。It can be seen that if the number of traffic peaks in the subsequent statistical time period is less than the congestion threshold, congestion can be effectively avoided when multiple terminal devices transmit data frames to the network device through the subsequent statistical time period.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述统计时间段的持续时间大于所述流量周期的持续时间。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the duration of the statistical time period is greater than the duration of the traffic cycle.
可见，基于持续时间大于所有终端设备的流量周期的持续时间的统计时间段，所获取到的流量调整指令能够准确的获取是否出现网络拥塞，进而提高了对出现拥塞的终端设备的流量峰值所出现的时机进行调整的准确性。It can be seen that based on the statistical time period whose duration is greater than the duration of the traffic cycle of all terminal devices, the obtained traffic adjustment instructions can accurately obtain whether network congestion occurs, thereby improving the response to the traffic peak of the congested terminal device. The timing of adjustments is accurate.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述网络设备根据所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息确定第一终端设备的流量调整指令之前，所述方法还包括：所述网络设备确定所述第一终端设备的流量峰值和第二终端设备的流量峰值出现的时机至少部分重合。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device based on the traffic transmission information of each of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: The device determines that the timing of occurrence of the traffic peak of the first terminal device and the traffic peak of the second terminal device at least partially coincides.
可见，在网络设备确定第一终端设备的流量峰值和第二终端设备的流量峰值出现的时间至少部分重合的情况下，则说明第一终端设备和第二终端设备进行数据传输的过程容易出现网络拥塞，通过对第一终端设备的流量峰值出现的时机的调整，有效地避免后续第一终端设备和第二终端设备在数据传输过程中的网络拥塞。It can be seen that when the network device determines that the traffic peak of the first terminal device and the traffic peak of the second terminal device at least partially overlap, it means that the process of data transmission between the first terminal device and the second terminal device is prone to network problems. Congestion, by adjusting the timing of the peak traffic of the first terminal device, effectively avoids subsequent network congestion between the first terminal device and the second terminal device during the data transmission process.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述网络设备根据所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息确定第一终端设备的流量调整指令之后，所述方法还包括：所述网络设备确 定所述第一终端设备的流量峰值和第二终端设备的流量峰值出现的时机不重合。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, after the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the traffic transmission information of each of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: The device determines that the traffic peak value of the first terminal device and the traffic peak value of the second terminal device do not coincide with each other.
可见，在网络设备将第一终端设备的流量峰值和第二终端设备的流量峰值调整至各自所出现的时机完全不重合的情况下，有效地实现了对网络拥塞的调整。It can be seen that when the network device adjusts the traffic peak value of the first terminal device and the traffic peak value of the second terminal device so that their respective occurrence timings do not overlap at all, network congestion is effectively adjusted.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述网络设备根据所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息确定第一终端设备的流量调整指令之后，所述方法还包括：所述网络设备确定所述网络设备向第一终端设备发送流量调整指令之前，所述第一终端设备的流量峰值和第二终端设备的流量峰值出现的时机的重合时间，小于第一终端设备根据流量调整指令对流量峰值进行调整之后，所述第一终端设备的流量峰值和第二终端设备的流量峰值出现的时机的重合时间。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, after the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the traffic transmission information of each of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: The device determines that before the network device sends a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device, the coincidence time of the traffic peak of the first terminal device and the traffic peak of the second terminal device is less than the first terminal device according to the traffic adjustment instruction. After adjusting the traffic peak value, the coincidence time of the occurrence timing of the traffic peak value of the first terminal device and the traffic peak value of the second terminal device.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，I帧的流量为所述流量峰值。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic of the I frame is the traffic peak value.
可见，网络设备通过调整第一终端设备的流量最大的I帧所出现的时机，能够提高对网络拥塞进行调整的效率和准确性。在各个终端设备所传输的I帧所出现的时机不重合或仅少量的流量重合，不会造成网络拥塞。It can be seen that the network device can improve the efficiency and accuracy of adjusting network congestion by adjusting the timing of the I frame with the largest traffic of the first terminal device. The timing of the I frames transmitted by each terminal device does not overlap or only a small amount of traffic overlaps, which will not cause network congestion.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述流量调整指令用于向第一终端设备指示开始对峰值帧进行编码(编码生成峰值帧)，该峰值帧为I帧。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to start encoding a peak frame (encoding generates a peak frame), and the peak frame is an I frame.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述流量调整指令的信令格式包括协议头和指令类型，其中，协议头用于指示该流量调整指令所使用的协议，该指令类型用于指示接收到该流量调整指令的第一终端设备，立即开始对峰值帧的编码。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the signaling format of the traffic adjustment instruction includes a protocol header and an instruction type, where the protocol header is used to indicate the protocol used by the traffic adjustment instruction, and the instruction type is The first terminal device indicating that it has received the traffic adjustment instruction immediately starts encoding the peak frame.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述流量调整指令用于指示第一终端设备对峰值帧进行编码的具体编码时机。具体地，该流量调整指令用于指示第一终端设备具体开始对峰值帧进行编码的编码开始时刻，从而使得第一终端设备在确定该编码开始时刻到达时，开始对峰值帧的编码。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to indicate the specific encoding timing of the first terminal device to encode the peak frame. Specifically, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to specifically start encoding the peak frame at the encoding start time, so that the first terminal device starts encoding the peak frame when it determines that the encoding start time has arrived.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述流量调整指令的信令格式包括协议头、指令类型和编码时刻指示，其中，协议头用于指示该流量调整指令所使用的协议，该指令类型用于指示第一终端设备改变开始对峰值帧进行编码的编码开始时刻，该编码时刻指示用于指示该编码开始时刻的具体时刻。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the signaling format of the traffic adjustment instruction includes a protocol header, an instruction type, and an encoding time indication, where the protocol header is used to indicate the protocol used by the traffic adjustment instruction, This instruction type is used to instruct the first terminal device to change the encoding start time at which it starts encoding the peak frame, and the encoding time indicates a specific time used to indicate the encoding start time.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述流量调整指令用于指示第一终端设备发送峰值帧的发送时刻。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to send a peak frame sending time.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，多个终端设备的峰值帧对应的流量峰值出现的时机均匀的分布于后续的采集时间内。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the timing of occurrence of traffic peaks corresponding to peak frames of multiple terminal devices is evenly distributed within subsequent collection time.
可见，在多个终端设备的峰值帧对应的流量峰值出现的时机均匀的分布于后续的采集时间内的情况下，有效地提高终端设备和网络设备之间的网络资源的利用效率。It can be seen that when the timing of the traffic peaks corresponding to the peak frames of multiple terminal devices is evenly distributed in the subsequent collection time, the utilization efficiency of network resources between the terminal device and the network device is effectively improved.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述网络设备根据所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息确定第一终端设备的流量调整指令之前，所述方法还包括：所述网络设备接收来自所述多个终端设备各自的数据包；所述网络设备根据统计信息获取所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息，所述统计信息包括峰值帧出现的时机以及所述峰值帧的流量。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device based on the traffic transmission information of each of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: The device receives data packets from each of the plurality of terminal devices; the network device obtains traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices according to statistical information, where the statistical information includes the timing of occurrence of a peak frame and the number of times of the peak frame. flow.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述网络设备根据所述多个终端设备各自的 流量传输信息确定第一终端设备的流量调整指令之前，所述方法还包括：所述网络设备接收来自用户面功能UPF的所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, before the network device determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device based on the traffic transmission information of each of the multiple terminal devices, the method further includes: The device receives respective traffic transmission information of the plurality of terminal devices from the user plane function UPF.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述网络设备向所述第一终端设备发送所述流量调整指令包括：所述网络设备通过5G信令或应用层消息发送所述流量调整指令。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the network device sending the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device includes: the network device sending the traffic adjustment through 5G signaling or application layer messages. instruction.
其中，该5G信令可为非接入层NAS信令。该应用层消息可为符合ONVIF标准或符合GB28181标准的消息。The 5G signaling may be non-access layer NAS signaling. The application layer message may be a message that conforms to the ONVIF standard or the GB28181 standard.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述网络设备向所述第一终端设备发送所述流量调整指令之后，所述方法还包括：网络设备接收来自第一终端设备的后续数据包，所述网络设备获取后续统计信息，所述网络设备获取第一终端设备的后续流量传输信息，所述网络设备判断峰值帧对应的流量峰值出现的第一时机和第二时机之间的偏差是否大于或等于预设阈值，若是，则向第一终端设备发送后续流量调整指令。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation manner, after the network device sends the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device, the method further includes: the network device receives subsequent data from the first terminal device. package, the network device obtains subsequent statistical information, the network device obtains subsequent traffic transmission information of the first terminal device, and the network device determines the deviation between the first timing and the second timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak corresponding to the peak frame. Whether it is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, if so, a subsequent traffic adjustment instruction is sent to the first terminal device.
其中，所述峰值帧为所述流量调整指令所指示的来自第一终端设备的任一峰值帧，该第一时机为网络设备所生成的流量调整指令所指示的该峰值帧对应的流量峰值所出现的时机，该第二时机为第一终端设备接收到该流量调整指令后，对峰值帧对应的流量峰值的出现时机进行调整后，传输至网络设备侧所出现的时机。Wherein, the peak frame is any peak frame from the first terminal device indicated by the traffic adjustment instruction, and the first opportunity is the traffic peak corresponding to the peak frame indicated by the traffic adjustment instruction generated by the network device. The second timing is the timing when the first terminal device receives the traffic adjustment instruction, adjusts the timing of the traffic peak corresponding to the peak frame, and transmits it to the network device side.
基于第一方面，一种可选地实现方式中，该第一时机和第二时机之间的偏差可为第一时机的起始时刻和第二时机的起始时刻之间的差值，或，第一时机和第二时机之间的偏差可为第一时机的结束时刻和第二时机的结束时刻之间的差值，或，第一时机和第二时机之间的偏差可为该第一时机的结束时刻和该第二时机的起始时刻之间的差值。Based on the first aspect, in an optional implementation, the deviation between the first opportunity and the second opportunity may be the difference between the starting time of the first opportunity and the starting time of the second opportunity, or , the deviation between the first opportunity and the second opportunity may be the difference between the end time of the first opportunity and the end time of the second opportunity, or the deviation between the first opportunity and the second opportunity may be the difference between the end time of the first opportunity and the end time of the second opportunity. The difference between the end time of one opportunity and the start time of the second opportunity.
在第一时机和第二时机之间的偏差大于或等于预设阈值的情况下，则说明该第一终端设备对该峰值帧对应的流量峰值出现的时机的调整不符合网络设备的需求，容易出现网络拥塞。If the deviation between the first timing and the second timing is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, it means that the first terminal device's adjustment of the timing of the traffic peak corresponding to the peak frame does not meet the needs of the network device and is easy to Network congestion occurs.
可见，网络设备在将流量调整指令发送给第一终端设备后，还能够通过检测第一时机和第二时机的偏差的方式，确定第一终端设备根据流量调整执行所调整的时机是否能够有效地避免网络拥塞，从而有效地避免网络拥塞的出现，提高了对各个终端设备向网络设备所传输的各个峰值帧对应的流量峰值所出现的时机的调整的准确性。It can be seen that after the network device sends the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device, it can also determine whether the adjusted timing of the first terminal device according to the traffic adjustment execution can be effectively detected by detecting the deviation between the first timing and the second timing. Avoid network congestion, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of network congestion, and improving the accuracy of adjusting the timing of the traffic peak corresponding to each peak frame transmitted by each terminal device to the network device.
第二方面，本发明实施例提供了一种数据传输的方法，所述方法包括：终端设备接收来自网络设备的流量调整指令；所述终端设备根据所述流量调整指令改变数据传输过程中，流量周期中的流量峰值出现的时机；所述终端设备向所述网络设备传输数据。In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method of data transmission. The method includes: a terminal device receiving a traffic adjustment instruction from a network device; and the terminal device changing the flow rate during data transmission according to the flow adjustment instruction. The timing when the traffic peak occurs in the cycle; the terminal device transmits data to the network device.
本方面所示的有益效果的说明，请详见上述第一方面所示，具体在本方面中不做赘述。For details on the beneficial effects shown in this aspect, please refer to the above-mentioned first aspect, and details will not be described in this aspect.
基于第二方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述终端设备根据所述流量调整指令改变数据传输过程中，流量周期中的流量峰值出现的时机包括：所述终端设备根据所述流量调整指令，开始对所述终端设备的峰值帧进行编码。Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the terminal device changes the timing of occurrence of the traffic peak in the traffic cycle during the data transmission process according to the traffic adjustment instruction, including: the terminal device adjusts the data according to the traffic adjustment instruction. Instruction to start encoding the peak frame of the terminal device.
基于第二方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述终端设备根据所述流量调整指令改变数据传输过程中，流量周期中的流量峰值出现的时机包括：所述终端设备根据所述流量调整指令，改变所述终端设备的峰值帧的编码时机。Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the terminal device changes the timing of occurrence of the traffic peak in the traffic cycle during the data transmission process according to the traffic adjustment instruction, including: the terminal device adjusts the data according to the traffic adjustment instruction. Instructions to change the encoding timing of the peak frame of the terminal device.
基于第二方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述峰值帧为I帧，所述I帧的流量为所述 流量峰值。Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the peak frame is an I frame, and the traffic of the I frame is the traffic peak value.
基于第二方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述流量调整指令用于向终端设备指示开始对峰值帧进行编码，该峰值帧为I帧。Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the terminal device to start encoding the peak frame, and the peak frame is an I frame.
基于第二方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述流量调整指令的信令格式包括协议头和指令类型，其中，协议头用于指示该流量调整指令所使用的协议，该指令类型用于指示接收到该流量调整指令的终端设备，立即开始对峰值帧的编码。Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the signaling format of the traffic adjustment instruction includes a protocol header and an instruction type, where the protocol header is used to indicate the protocol used by the traffic adjustment instruction, and the instruction type is Instructs the terminal device that receives the traffic adjustment instruction to immediately start encoding the peak frame.
基于第二方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述流量调整指令的信令格式包括协议头、指令类型和编码时刻指示，其中，协议头用于指示该流量调整指令所使用的协议，该指令类型用于指示终端设备改变开始对峰值帧进行编码的编码开始时刻，该编码时刻指示用于指示该编码开始时刻的具体时刻。Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the signaling format of the traffic adjustment instruction includes a protocol header, an instruction type, and an encoding time indication, where the protocol header is used to indicate the protocol used by the traffic adjustment instruction, This instruction type is used to instruct the terminal device to change the encoding start time to start encoding the peak frame, and the encoding time indicates the specific time used to indicate the encoding start time.
基于第二方面，一种可选地实现方式中，所述流量调整指令用于指示终端设备发送峰值帧的发送时刻。Based on the second aspect, in an optional implementation manner, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the terminal device to send a peak frame sending time.
第三方面，本发明实施例提供了一种网络设备，包括分别与处理器耦合的存储器和收发器，该存储器中存储了计算机程序代码，该处理器调用并执行该存储器中的计算机程序代码，使得该处理器执行如上述第一方面任一项与处理相关的步骤，该收发器用于执行如上述第一方面任一项与收发相关的步骤。In a third aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a network device, including a memory and a transceiver respectively coupled to a processor. Computer program code is stored in the memory, and the processor calls and executes the computer program code in the memory. The processor is caused to perform the processing-related steps of any one of the above-mentioned first aspects, and the transceiver is used to perform the transceiver-related steps of any one of the above-mentioned first aspects.
第四方面，本发明实施例提供了一种终端设备，包括分别与处理器耦合的存储器和收发器，该存储器中存储了计算机程序代码，该处理器调用并执行该存储器中的计算机程序代码，使得该处理器执行如上述第二方面任一项与处理相关的步骤，该收发器用于执行如上述第二方面任一项与收发相关的步骤。In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a terminal device, including a memory and a transceiver respectively coupled to a processor. Computer program code is stored in the memory, and the processor calls and executes the computer program code in the memory. The processor is caused to perform steps related to processing as in any one of the above second aspects, and the transceiver is used to perform steps related to sending and receiving as in any one of the above second aspects.
第五方面，本发明实施例提供了一种通信系统，包括网络设备以及终端设备，该网络设备如上述第三方面所示，该终端设备如上述第四方面所示。In a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a communication system, including a network device and a terminal device. The network device is as shown in the third aspect, and the terminal device is as shown in the fourth aspect.
第六方面，本发明实施例提供了一种通信系统，包括用户面功能UPF和第一终端设备，所述UPF用于：获取来自多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息，所述流量传输信息包括所述终端设备数据传输的流量周期和所述流量周期中的流量峰值；根据所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息确定第一终端设备的流量调整指令，所述流量调整指令用于所述第一终端设备改变所述流量峰值出现的时机；向所述第一终端设备发送所述流量调整指令。In a sixth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a communication system, including a user plane function UPF and a first terminal device. The UPF is used to obtain traffic transmission information from each of multiple terminal devices. The traffic transmission information includes The traffic cycle of data transmission by the terminal device and the traffic peak value in the traffic cycle; determining the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device according to the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, and the traffic adjustment instruction is used for the The first terminal device changes the timing at which the traffic peak occurs; and sends the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.
第七方面，本发明实施例提供了一种通信系统，包括用户面功能UPF、多接入边缘平台MEP和第一终端设备；In the seventh aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a communication system, including a user plane function UPF, a multi-access edge platform MEP, and a first terminal device;
所述用户面功能UPF用于接收来自所述多个终端设备各自的数据包；根据统计信息获取所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息，所述统计信息包括峰值帧出现的时机以及所述峰值帧的流量。The user plane function UPF is used to receive data packets from each of the multiple terminal devices; obtain traffic transmission information of each of the multiple terminal devices according to statistical information, where the statistical information includes the timing of peak frame occurrence and the Peak frame traffic.
所述多接入边缘平台MEP用于接收来自所述用户面功能UPF的所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息，所述多接入边缘平台MEP还用于：根据所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息确定第一终端设备的流量调整指令，所述流量调整指令用于所述第一终端设备改变所述流量峰值出现的时机；向所述第一终端设备发送所述流量调整指令。The multi-access edge platform MEP is configured to receive traffic transmission information from each of the multiple terminal devices of the user plane function UPF. The multi-access edge platform MEP is also configured to: according to the multiple terminal devices The respective traffic transmission information determines the traffic adjustment instruction of the first terminal device, and the flow adjustment instruction is used by the first terminal device to change the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak; sending the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device .
第八方面，本发明实施例提供了一种通信系统，包括用户面功能UPF、多接入边缘平 台MEP和第一终端设备；In the eighth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a communication system, including a user plane function UPF, a multi-access edge platform MEP, and a first terminal device;
所述用户面功能UPF用于接收来自所述多个终端设备各自的数据包，并将多个终端设备各自的数据传输至多接入边缘平台MEP，所述多接入边缘平台MEP用于根据统计信息获取所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息，所述统计信息包括峰值帧出现的时机以及所述峰值帧的流量，根据所述多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息确定第一终端设备的流量调整指令，所述流量调整指令用于所述第一终端设备改变所述流量峰值出现的时机；向所述第一终端设备发送所述流量调整指令。The user plane function UPF is used to receive data packets from each of the plurality of terminal devices, and transmit the data of the multiple terminal devices to a multi-access edge platform MEP. The multi-access edge platform MEP is used to calculate data according to statistics. The information obtains the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices, the statistical information includes the timing of the occurrence of the peak frame and the traffic of the peak frame, and determines the first terminal device according to the traffic transmission information of each of the plurality of terminal devices. A flow adjustment instruction, which is used by the first terminal device to change the timing of occurrence of the flow peak; and sends the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.
第九方面，本发明实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时能够完成上述第一方面至第二方面任意一项该的方法。In a ninth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When executed by a processor, the computer program can complete any one of the above-mentioned first to second aspects. The method.
图1所示为本申请所提供的通信系统的网络架构示例图；Figure 1 shows an example diagram of the network architecture of the communication system provided by this application;
图2为本申请所提供的数据传输的方法的第一种实施例步骤流程图；Figure 2 is a step flow chart of the first embodiment of the data transmission method provided by this application;
图3a为本申请所提供的数据传输过程中的第一种场景示例图；Figure 3a is an example diagram of the first scenario in the data transmission process provided by this application;
图3b为本申请所提供的数据传输过程中的第二种场景示例图；Figure 3b is an example diagram of the second scenario in the data transmission process provided by this application;
图4为本申请所提供的数据传输过程中的第三种场景示例图；Figure 4 is an example diagram of the third scenario in the data transmission process provided by this application;
图5为本申请所提供的数据传输过程中的第四种场景示例图；Figure 5 is an example diagram of the fourth scenario in the data transmission process provided by this application;
图6a为本申请所提供的数据传输过程中的第五种场景示例图；Figure 6a is an example diagram of the fifth scenario in the data transmission process provided by this application;
图6b为本申请所提供的数据传输过程中的第六种场景示例图；Figure 6b is an example diagram of the sixth scenario in the data transmission process provided by this application;
图6c为本申请所提供的数据传输过程中的第七种场景示例图；Figure 6c is an example diagram of the seventh scenario in the data transmission process provided by this application;
图7a为本申请所提供的流量调整指令的第一种信令格式示例图；Figure 7a is an example diagram of the first signaling format of the traffic adjustment instruction provided by this application;
图7b为本申请所提供的流量调整指令的第二种信令格式示例图；Figure 7b is an example diagram of the second signaling format of the traffic adjustment instruction provided by this application;
图8a为本申请所提供的数据传输过程中的第八种场景示例图；Figure 8a is an example diagram of the eighth scenario in the data transmission process provided by this application;
图8b为本申请所提供的数据传输过程中的第九种场景示例图；Figure 8b is an example diagram of the ninth scenario in the data transmission process provided by this application;
图9为本申请所提供的数据传输的方法的第二种实施例步骤流程图；Figure 9 is a step flow chart of the second embodiment of the data transmission method provided by this application;
图10为本申请所提供的数据传输的方法的第三种实施例步骤流程图；Figure 10 is a step flow chart of the third embodiment of the data transmission method provided by this application;
图11为本申请所提供的数据传输的方法的第四种实施例步骤流程图；Figure 11 is a step flow chart of the fourth embodiment of the data transmission method provided by this application;
图12为本申请所提供的电子设备的第一种实施例结构示例图；Figure 12 is a structural example diagram of the first embodiment of the electronic device provided by this application;
图13为本申请所提供的电子设备的第二种实施例结构示例图。Figure 13 is a structural example diagram of the second embodiment of the electronic device provided by this application.
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.
以下首先结合图1所示对本申请所提供的数据传输的方法所应用的通信系统的结构进行说明：The structure of the communication system to which the data transmission method provided by this application is applied will be first described below with reference to Figure 1:
如图1所示，图1所示为本申请所提供的通信系统的网络架构示例图，本实施例以该 通信系统的网络为第五代移动通信技术(5th generation mobile networks，5G)网络为例。本实施例对该通信系统的网络类型的说明为可选地示例，不做限定，例如，在其他示例中，该通信系统的网络类型还可为第四代移动通信技术(4th generation mobile networks，4G)网络、物联网(internet of things，IOT)或无线通信技术(the 802.11b standard for wireless networking，WiFi)等。As shown in Figure 1, Figure 1 shows an example diagram of the network architecture of the communication system provided by this application. In this embodiment, the network of the communication system is the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5th generation mobile networks, 5G) network. example. The description of the network type of the communication system in this embodiment is an optional example and is not limiting. For example, in other examples, the network type of the communication system may also be the fourth generation mobile communication technology (4th generation mobile networks, 4G) network, Internet of things (IOT) or wireless communication technology (the 802.11b standard for wireless networking, WiFi), etc.
本实施例所示的5G网络包括多个终端设备，本实施例对终端设备的具体设备类型不做限定，例如，终端设备可为手机、物联网设备、智能家居设备、工业控制设备、车辆设备等。所述终端设备也可以称为用户设备(user equipment，UE)、移动站(Mobile Station)、移动台(Mobile)、远程站(Remote Station)、远程终端(Remote Terminal)、接入终端(Access Terminal)、终端设备(User Terminal)、用户代理(User Agent)，在此不作限定。上述终端设备还可以车与车(vehicle-to-vehicle，V2V)通信中的汽车、机器类通信中的机器等。以下本申请以终端设备的设备类型为网络摄像机终端(IP Camera，IPC)为例进行示例性说明。The 5G network shown in this embodiment includes multiple terminal devices. This embodiment does not limit the specific device type of the terminal device. For example, the terminal device can be a mobile phone, an Internet of Things device, a smart home device, an industrial control device, or a vehicle device. wait. The terminal equipment may also be called user equipment (UE), mobile station (Mobile Station), mobile station (Mobile), remote station (Remote Station), remote terminal (Remote Terminal), access terminal (Access Terminal) ), terminal equipment (User Terminal), and user agent (User Agent), which are not limited here. The above-mentioned terminal equipment can also be used in cars in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, machines in machine-type communication, etc. In the following, this application takes the device type of the terminal device as an IP camera terminal (IP Camera, IPC) as an example for illustrative explanation.
5G网络包括基站120，终端设备(如终端设备101和102)可直接与基站120连接，或者终端设备(如终端设备103)通过5G路由器110与基站120连接。该基站120用于为终端设备提供无线通信功能。基站120可以包括各种形式的基站，例如：宏基站，微基站(也称为小站)，中继站，接入点等。The 5G network includes a base station 120, and terminal devices (such as terminal devices 101 and 102) can be directly connected to the base station 120, or terminal devices (such as the terminal device 103) can be connected to the base station 120 through the 5G router 110. The base station 120 is used to provide wireless communication functions for terminal devices. The base station 120 may include various forms of base stations, such as macro base stations, micro base stations (also called small stations), relay stations, access points, etc.
基站120与用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)网元130连接，所述UPF网元130可以实现来自终端设备的数据的转发、统计和检测等功能。UPF网元也可称为UPF设备或UPF实体。The base station 120 is connected to a user plane function (UPF) network element 130, which can implement functions such as forwarding, statistics, and detection of data from terminal devices. UPF network elements can also be called UPF devices or UPF entities.
本实施例所示可将各个终端设备设置在工业园区、矿山、港口等监控区域，多个终端设备连接到基站120上，基站120再将来自各个终端设备的数据包传输至UPF 130。As shown in this embodiment, each terminal device can be set up in a monitoring area such as an industrial park, a mine, or a port. Multiple terminal devices are connected to the base station 120 , and the base station 120 transmits data packets from each terminal device to the UPF 130 .
与UPF网元130连接核心网140，该核心网140所包括的网元可为如下所示：The core network 140 is connected to the UPF network element 130. The network elements included in the core network 140 may be as follows:
接入和移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)网元、会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)网元、鉴权服务功能(authentication server function，AUSF)网元、应用功能(application function，AF)、统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)、策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)、NF存储功能(NF Repository Function，NRF)以及网络开放功能(network exposure function，NEF)等。其中，上述网元可以称为设备。Access and mobility management function (AMF) network element, session management function (SMF) network element, authentication server function (AUSF) network element, application function (application function) function, AF), unified data management (unified data management, UDM), policy control function (policy control function, PCF), NF storage function (NF Repository Function, NRF), and network exposure function (network exposure function, NEF), etc. Among them, the above network elements can be called devices.
本实施例所示的5G网络还可包括与UPF网元130连接的多接入边缘平台(multi-access edge platform，MEP)150。MEP150是一个从核心网所包括的一个或多个网元中抽象出来的虚拟化基础架构，MEP150上运行应用程序并使其能够提供和使用多接入边缘服务所需的基本功能的集合。其中，MEP150可以和UPF130部署在一起。The 5G network shown in this embodiment may also include a multi-access edge platform (MEP) 150 connected to the UPF network element 130. MEP150 is a virtualized infrastructure abstracted from one or more network elements included in the core network. MEP150 runs applications and enables it to provide and use a collection of basic functions required for multi-access edge services. Among them, MEP150 can be deployed together with UPF130.
可选的，MEP150还用于提供对多接入边缘服务的托管、接收域名系统(domain name system，DNS)记录以及配置DNS代理/服务器。示例性的，多接入边缘服务包括：信息提供服务、定位服务以及带宽管理服务等。Optionally, MEP150 is also used to provide hosting for multiple access edge services, receive domain name system (DNS) records, and configure DNS agents/servers. Exemplarily, multi-access edge services include: information provision services, location services, bandwidth management services, etc.
实施例一Embodiment 1
基于图1所示的通信系统，以下结合图2所示对本实施例所提供的数据传输的方法的执行过程进行示例性说明，其中，图2为本申请所提供的数据传输的方法的第一种实施例步骤流程图。Based on the communication system shown in Figure 1, the execution process of the data transmission method provided by this embodiment is illustrated below in conjunction with Figure 2, where Figure 2 is the first step of the data transmission method provided by this application. A flow chart of steps of an embodiment.
步骤201、UPF接收来自多个终端设备各自的数据包。Step 201: UPF receives respective data packets from multiple terminal devices.
本实施例所示的各个终端设备采集视频数据，并向UPF发送数据包。Each terminal device shown in this embodiment collects video data and sends data packets to UPF.
在本实施例中，各终端设备的摄像头会采集视频，然后对采集到的视频进行周期性的编码，得到I帧、B帧和P帧数据。其中，每两个I帧之间包含的所有视频帧组成一个GOP，而一个GOP内包含的视频帧的帧数称之为GOP长度，譬如一个视频编码器编码输出的一个GOP的长度为50，则说明该GOP内包括的视频帧的帧数为50，可见，视频编码器编码输出的视频流包括多个连续的GOP，每个GOP的第一个视频帧为I帧，后续的49个视频帧包括P帧和B帧。另外，该视频编码器所采用的编码标准可为：H.264/高级视频编码(advanced video coding，AVC)，H.265/高效率视频编码(high efficiency video coding，HEVC)或H.266/下一代视频编解码标准(versatile video coding，VVC)，本实施例对编码标准的说明为可选地示例，不做限定。In this embodiment, the camera of each terminal device collects video, and then periodically encodes the collected video to obtain I frame, B frame and P frame data. Among them, all the video frames contained between every two I frames form a GOP, and the number of video frames contained in a GOP is called the GOP length. For example, the length of a GOP encoded and output by a video encoder is 50, It means that the number of video frames included in the GOP is 50. It can be seen that the video stream encoded and output by the video encoder includes multiple consecutive GOPs. The first video frame of each GOP is an I frame, and the subsequent 49 videos Frames include P frames and B frames. In addition, the encoding standard used by the video encoder may be: H.264/advanced video coding (AVC), H.265/high efficiency video coding (HEVC) or H.266/ The next generation video coding standard (versatile video coding, VVC). The description of the coding standard in this embodiment is an optional example and is not limited.
如图3a所示，终端设备301在当前编码周期内生成第一GOP所包括的一个I帧以及多个B/P帧，随后将这些视频帧封装在数据包中，通过当前流量周期向基站发送，基站随后向UPF转发，UPF将接收到这些数据包。同样的，终端设备301在下一编码周期内生成第二GOP所包括的一个I帧以及多个B/P帧，随后将这些视频帧封装在数据包中，通过下一流量周期向基站发送，基站随后向UPF转发，UPF将接收到这些数据包。在时间轴上，当前编码周期和下一编码周期相邻，且当前编码周期的持续时间早于下一编码周期的持续时间。As shown in Figure 3a, the terminal device 301 generates an I frame and multiple B/P frames included in the first GOP in the current encoding cycle, and then encapsulates these video frames in data packets and sends them to the base station through the current traffic cycle. , the base station then forwards it to UPF, and UPF will receive these data packets. Similarly, the terminal device 301 generates an I frame and multiple B/P frames included in the second GOP in the next encoding cycle, and then encapsulates these video frames in data packets and sends them to the base station through the next traffic cycle. The base station It is then forwarded to UPF, which will receive these packets. On the time axis, the current encoding period is adjacent to the next encoding period, and the duration of the current encoding period is earlier than the duration of the next encoding period.
本实施例以终端设备将视频帧封装在数据包中，以向UPF发送为例进行示例性说明，在其他示例中，终端设备也可向数据包中封装其他类型的数据帧，本实施例对数据帧的类型不做限定。In this embodiment, the terminal device encapsulates video frames in data packets and sends them to UPF as an example. In other examples, the terminal device can also encapsulate other types of data frames in data packets. This embodiment provides The type of data frame is not limited.
由于I帧的数据量大于B/P帧的数据量，终端设备在流量周期内发送的I帧数据包的数量大于B/P帧数据包的数量，其中，I帧数据包为用于承载I帧所包括的视频数据的数据包，B帧数据包为用于承载B帧所包括的视频数据的数据包，P帧数据包为用于承载P帧所包括的视频数据的数据包。Since the data volume of I frames is greater than the data volume of B/P frames, the number of I frame data packets sent by the terminal device during the traffic cycle is greater than the number of B/P frame data packets, where the I frame data packets are used to carry I The B frame data packet is a data packet used to carry the video data included in the B frame, and the P frame data packet is a data packet used to carry the video data included in the P frame.
具体来说，终端设备301在当前流量周期传输第一GOP，在下一流量周期中传输第二GOP。在时间轴上，第一当前流量周期和下一流量周期相邻。该I帧为峰值帧，该P帧以及B帧为低峰帧，其中，峰值帧是指在一个流量周期中，对应的流量最大的视频帧。该低峰帧是指在一个流量周期中，对应的流量小于峰值帧的流量的视频帧。Specifically, the terminal device 301 transmits the first GOP in the current traffic cycle and transmits the second GOP in the next traffic cycle. On the time axis, the first current flow period and the next flow period are adjacent. The I frame is a peak frame, and the P frame and B frame are low peak frames, where the peak frame refers to the video frame corresponding to the largest traffic in a traffic cycle. The low-peak frame refers to a video frame whose corresponding traffic is less than the traffic of the peak frame in a traffic cycle.
而且在时间轴上，峰值帧在不同的流量周期中的相对位置相同，例如，在当前流量周期中，第一个视频帧为I帧(即峰值帧)，在下一流量周期中，第一个视频帧也是I帧。Moreover, on the timeline, the relative position of the peak frame in different traffic cycles is the same. For example, in the current traffic cycle, the first video frame is the I frame (i.e., the peak frame). In the next traffic cycle, the first video frame is the I frame. Video frames are also I frames.
步骤201、UPF接收来自多个终端设备各自的数据包。Step 201: UPF receives respective data packets from multiple terminal devices.
本实施例中，通信系统所包括的各个终端设备，将各自连续的多个数据包(连续的多 个数据包可以称为数据流)，通过基站传输至UPF，对通信系统的具体说明，请详见图1所示，具体不做赘述。In this embodiment, each terminal device included in the communication system transmits multiple consecutive data packets (the continuous multiple data packets can be called data streams) to the UPF through the base station. For a specific description of the communication system, please See Figure 1 for details and will not be described in detail.
步骤202、UPF获取统计信息。Step 202: UPF obtains statistical information.
以下对统计信息的获取过程进行说明：The following describes the process of obtaining statistical information:
在一个GOP内，一个I帧的流量比一个P帧的流量或一个B帧的流量大5至20倍左右，因而UPF对来自不同的终端设备的数据包进行统计以获取统计信息。如图3b所示。Within a GOP, the traffic of an I frame is about 5 to 20 times greater than the traffic of a P frame or a B frame. Therefore, UPF collects statistics on data packets from different terminal devices to obtain statistical information. As shown in Figure 3b.
具体地，UPF接收每个终端设备向UPF传输的数据包，并对每个终端设备的传输流量进行统计，即统计终端设备的数据流速度变化情况。Specifically, the UPF receives the data packets transmitted by each terminal device to the UPF, and counts the transmission traffic of each terminal device, that is, the data flow speed changes of the terminal device are counted.
图3b所示统计信息310为终端设备A1的统计信息，统计信息311为终端设备A2的统计信息，本示例以对终端设备A1和终端设备A2进行统计为例进行示例性说明，在其他示例中，UPF可针对两个以上的终端设备进行统计以获取统计信息。The statistical information 310 shown in Figure 3b is the statistical information of the terminal device A1, and the statistical information 311 is the statistical information of the terminal device A2. This example takes the statistics of the terminal device A1 and the terminal device A2 as an example for illustrative explanation. In other examples , UPF can perform statistics on more than two terminal devices to obtain statistical information.
具体地，统计信息310所示的横坐标表示时间，单位可为毫秒(ms)，纵坐标表示流量，单位可为兆比特每秒(megabits per second，mbps)，需明确的是，本实施例对横坐标和纵坐标具体单位的说明为可选地示例，不做限定。Specifically, the abscissa shown in the statistical information 310 represents time, and the unit may be milliseconds (ms), and the ordinate represents traffic, and the unit may be megabits per second (mbps). It should be noted that, in this embodiment, The description of the specific units of the abscissa and ordinate is an optional example and is not limiting.
本实施例所示的UPF从终端设备A1接收连续的多个数据包，具体地，UPF确定多个在时间轴上连续的时机，不同的时机的持续时长相等。图3b所示UPF统计在时机320中，所接收到的来自终端设备A1的数据包的流量，UPF统计在时机330中，所接收到的来自终端设备A1的数据包的流量，依次类推。The UPF shown in this embodiment receives multiple consecutive data packets from the terminal device A1. Specifically, the UPF determines multiple consecutive opportunities on the time axis, and the durations of different opportunities are equal. As shown in Figure 3b, UPF counts the traffic of data packets received from terminal device A1 at opportunity 320, UPF counts the traffic of data packets received from terminal device A1 at opportunity 330, and so on.
例如，UPF对于来自终端设备A1的数据包，统计出在时机320所统计的流量为2mbps，在时机330所统计的流量为9mbps。For example, UPF counts the data packets from terminal device A1 as 2 mbps at opportunity 320 and 9 mbps at opportunity 330.
由统计信息310所示可知，UPF在时机320所采集到的数据包的流量大于UPF在时机320所采集到的数据包的流量。其中，在任一时机内所采集到的数据包的流量是指，UPF在该时机所接收到的数据包的视频码率，该视频码率是指数据传输时单位时间传输的数据位数。It can be seen from the statistical information 310 that the flow of data packets collected by UPF at opportunity 320 is greater than the flow of data packets collected by UPF at opportunity 320 . Among them, the traffic of data packets collected at any time refers to the video bit rate of the data packets received by UPF at that time. The video code rate refers to the number of data bits transmitted per unit time during data transmission.
同样的，UPF从终端设备A2接收连续的多个数据包，UPF同样在时机320中，统计接收到来自终端设备A2的数据包的流量，UPF统计在时机330中，所接收到的来自终端设备A2的数据包的流量，依次类推。Similarly, UPF receives multiple consecutive data packets from terminal device A2. UPF also counts the traffic of data packets received from terminal device A2 at opportunity 320. UPF counts the traffic received from terminal device A2 at opportunity 330. The traffic of data packets of A2, and so on.
例如，UPF对于来自终端设备A2的数据包，统计出在时机320所统计的流量为3mbps，在时机330所统计的流量为10mbps。For example, UPF counts the data packets from terminal device A2 as 3 mbps at opportunity 320 and 10 mbps at opportunity 330.
可见，本实施例所示的统计信息包括不同的时机，以及出现在不同的时机的流量。可见，若UPF在时机320所接收到的数据包承载的为来自终端设备A1的P帧，那么该时机320的流量为P帧的流量，若UPF在时机330所接收到的数据包为来自终端设备A1的I帧，那么，该时机330的流量为I帧的流量。It can be seen that the statistical information shown in this embodiment includes different timings, and traffic appearing at different timings. It can be seen that if the data packet received by UPF at opportunity 320 carries a P frame from terminal device A1, then the traffic at this opportunity 320 is the traffic of P frames. If the data packet received by UPF at opportunity 330 is from the terminal The I frame of device A1, then the traffic at this opportunity 330 is the traffic of the I frame.
可见，本实施例所示的所述统计信息包括承载I帧的数据包出现的时机以及流量，承载P帧的数据包出现的时机以及流量，还包括承载B帧的数据包出现的时机以及流量。可以理解，本实施例所示的统计信息包括终端设备通过数据包所传输的各个数据帧在UPF侧出现的时机以及该数据帧对应的流量。It can be seen that the statistical information shown in this embodiment includes the timing and flow rate of the data packets carrying I frames, the timing and flow rate of the data packets carrying P frames, and also includes the timing and flow rate of the data packets carrying B frames. . It can be understood that the statistical information shown in this embodiment includes the timing when each data frame transmitted by the terminal device through the data packet appears on the UPF side and the traffic corresponding to the data frame.
可见，UPF针对不同的终端设备所传输的数据包，获取不同的统计信息，例如下述表1所示：It can be seen that UPF obtains different statistical information for data packets transmitted by different terminal devices, as shown in Table 1 below:
表1Table 1
例如，UPF接收到三个不同的终端设备的数据包，该三个不同的终端设备的标识分别为A1、A2以及A3，UPF针对来自具有标识A1的终端设备的数据包获取统计信息B1，对统计信息B1的具体说明请详见上述所示，具体不做赘述，依次类推，UPF针对来自具有标识A2的终端设备的数据包获取统计信息B2，UPF针对来自具有标识A3的终端设备的数据包获取统计信息B3。For example, UPF receives data packets from three different terminal devices, and the identities of the three different terminal devices are A1, A2, and A3. UPF obtains statistical information B1 for the data packets from the terminal device with the identity A1. Please refer to the above description for the specific description of statistical information B1. The details will not be repeated. By analogy, UPF obtains statistical information B2 for data packets from the terminal device with identification A2, and UPF obtains statistical information B2 for data packets from the terminal device with identification A3. Get statistics B3.
本实施例所示的针对不同的终端设备所统计的该统计信息用于确定多个终端设备向UPF传输数据包的过程中，是否会出现网络拥塞。The statistical information collected for different terminal devices shown in this embodiment is used to determine whether network congestion occurs when multiple terminal devices transmit data packets to the UPF.
可选地，本实施例所示的UPF在确定满足触发条件的情况下，获取统计信息，以下对各种触发条件进行可选地说明：Optionally, the UPF shown in this embodiment obtains statistical information when it is determined that the trigger conditions are met. Various trigger conditions are optionally described below:
触发条件1Trigger condition 1
UPF预设检测周期，本实施例对该检测周期的时长不做限定，UPF每隔检测周期，获取一次所述统计信息。在其他示例中，UPF也可随机获取一次所述统计信息，具体在本实施例中不做限定。The UPF has a preset detection period. This embodiment does not limit the length of the detection period. The UPF obtains the statistical information once every detection period. In other examples, UPF may also randomly obtain the statistical information once, which is not limited in this embodiment.
触发条件2Trigger condition 2
UPF确定有新的终端设备连接至UPF，则UPF获取该统计信息。例如，UPF已连接M个终端设备，该M个终端设备将数据包经由基站传输至UPF。在UPF确定有第M+1个终端设备连接至UPF，则UPF确定满足该触发条件，以确定UPF存在新连接的终端设备的情况下，检测网络是否出现拥塞。UPF determines that a new terminal device is connected to UPF, and UPF obtains this statistical information. For example, UPF has connected M terminal devices, and the M terminal devices transmit data packets to UPF via the base station. When the UPF determines that the M+1th terminal device is connected to the UPF, the UPF determines that the triggering condition is met to determine whether there is congestion in the network when there is a newly connected terminal device in the UPF.
触发条件3Trigger condition 3
UPF接收来自媒体设备的拥塞指示信息，所述媒体设备与UPF连接，终端设备所发送的数据包依次经由基站、UPF传输至媒体设备，媒体设备用于对数据包所承载的视频数据进行播放。若媒体设备播放视频数据的过程中，出现视频画面花屏、卡顿等事件，则媒体设备向UPF发送拥塞指示信息，该拥塞指示信息用于指示UPF获取该统计信息。The UPF receives congestion indication information from the media device. The media device is connected to the UPF. The data packets sent by the terminal device are transmitted to the media device via the base station and the UPF in turn. The media device is used to play the video data carried by the data packet. If the media device is playing video data and an event such as video blurring or freezing occurs, the media device sends congestion indication information to the UPF. The congestion indication information is used to instruct the UPF to obtain the statistical information.
步骤203、UPF向MEP发送多个终端设备各自的统计信息。Step 203: The UPF sends respective statistical information of multiple terminal devices to the MEP.
本实施例中，UPF在获取到如表1所示的统计信息的情况下，即可将已获取的各终端设备的统计信息发送至MEP。In this embodiment, when the UPF obtains the statistical information shown in Table 1, it can send the obtained statistical information of each terminal device to the MEP.
步骤204、MEP获取多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息。Step 204: The MEP obtains traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices.
本实施例所示的MEP在获取到多个终端设备各自的统计信息的情况下，即可获取多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息，其中，流量传输信息是指所述终端设备数据传输的流量周 期和所述流量周期中的流量峰值。流量周期可以为终端设备的视频编码的周期，例如，终端设备生成I帧的周期的倍数。流量峰值为流量周期内的流量最大值。When the MEP shown in this embodiment obtains the statistical information of multiple terminal devices, it can obtain the traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices, where the traffic transmission information refers to the data transmission traffic of the terminal devices. period and the flow peak value within said flow period. The traffic cycle may be a video encoding cycle of the terminal device, for example, a multiple of the cycle of I frames generated by the terminal device. The flow peak value is the maximum flow value within the flow period.
其中，流量传输信息是指终端设备编码而成的连续的多个数据帧向UPF数据传输的过程中，终端设备的流量周期和流量周期中的流量峰值。Among them, the traffic transmission information refers to the traffic cycle of the terminal device and the traffic peak value in the traffic cycle during the process of transmitting multiple consecutive data frames encoded by the terminal device to the UPF data.
对MEP获取流量周期的过程进行说明：继续参见图3b所示，由上述说明可知，UPF在时机330所统计的流量大于时机320所统计的流量，则在时机330所接收到的数据包承载的为来自终端设备的I帧，依次类推，若UPF在时机340所接收到的数据包也为来自终端设备的I帧，那么，流量周期350的持续时间为时机340的起始时刻和时机330起始时刻之间的持续时间。Explain the process of MEP obtaining the traffic cycle: continue to refer to Figure 3b. From the above description, it can be seen that the traffic counted by UPF at opportunity 330 is greater than the traffic counted at opportunity 320, then the data packet received at opportunity 330 carries is an I frame from the terminal device, and so on. If the data packet received by UPF at opportunity 340 is also an I frame from the terminal device, then the duration of the traffic period 350 is the starting time of opportunity 340 and the start time of opportunity 330 The duration between starting moments.
对MEP获取流量周期中的流量峰值进行说明，其中，流量周期中的流量峰值是指，经由该流量周期所传输的峰值帧对应的流量，继续参见图3b所示，流量周期305中的流量峰值为在时机340中所采集到的流量。The MEP obtains the traffic peak value in the traffic cycle. The traffic peak value in the traffic cycle refers to the traffic corresponding to the peak frame transmitted through the traffic cycle. Continue to refer to Figure 3b, which shows the traffic peak value in the traffic cycle 305. is the traffic collected at opportunity 340.
步骤205、MEP判断多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息是否满足拥塞条件，若是，则执行步骤206，若否，则返回执行步骤204。Step 205: The MEP determines whether the traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices meets the congestion condition. If yes, step 206 is executed. If not, step 204 is returned to execution.
本实施例所示的MEP可通过如下可选地方式判断多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息是否满足拥塞条件：The MEP shown in this embodiment can determine whether the traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices meets the congestion condition through the following optional methods:
方式1Way 1
本实施例所示的MEP确定统计时间段，本实施例对统计时间段的起止时刻不做限定，本实施例对统计时间段的持续时长不做限定，例如，该统计时间段的持续时间大于任一终端设备的流量周期的持续时间。The MEP shown in this embodiment determines the statistical time period. This embodiment does not limit the start and end times of the statistical time period. This embodiment does not limit the duration of the statistical time period. For example, the duration of the statistical time period is greater than The duration of the traffic cycle for any end device.
例如图4所示，所述MEP将来自多个终端设备各自的数据帧向媒体设备进行数据传输的过程中，确定在当前的统计时间段401内的流量峰值的数量，对该媒体设备的说明，请详见上述所示，具体不做赘述。For example, as shown in Figure 4, in the process of transmitting data frames from multiple terminal devices to the media device, the MEP determines the number of traffic peaks in the current statistical time period 401. Description of the media device , please see the above for details, no details will be given.
终端设备411在当前的统计时间段401内的流量周期的数量有两个，每个流量周期存在一个峰值帧(即I帧)，可见，对于终端设备411而言，出现在当前的统计时间段401内的流量峰值的数量有两个。终端设备412在当前的统计时间段401内的流量周期的数量有三个，每个流量周期存在一个峰值帧(即I帧)，可见，对于终端设备412而言，出现在当前的统计时间段401内的流量峰值的数量有三个，依次类推，可见，MEP能够确定目标数量，该目标数量为出现在当前的统计时间段401内的所有流量峰值的和。The number of traffic cycles of the terminal device 411 in the current statistical time period 401 is two. Each traffic cycle has a peak frame (i.e., I frame). It can be seen that for the terminal device 411, the number of traffic cycles that occurs in the current statistical time period 401 is There are two traffic peaks within 401. The number of traffic cycles of the terminal device 412 in the current statistical time period 401 is three. Each traffic cycle has a peak frame (i.e., I frame). It can be seen that for the terminal device 412, the number of traffic cycles that occurs in the current statistical time period 401 There are three traffic peaks in , and so on. It can be seen that MEP can determine the target number. The target number is the sum of all traffic peaks that appear in the current statistical period 401.
MEP预设有拥塞阈值，在MEP确定出现在该当前的统计时间段401的目标数量的情况下，MEP判断该目标数量是否大于或等于该拥塞阈值。若MEP确定该目标数量大于或等于该拥塞阈值，则MEP确定多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息在当前的统计时间段内满足拥塞条件。若MEP确定该目标数量小于拥塞阈值，则MEP确定多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息在当前的统计时间段内不满足拥塞条件。The MEP is preset with a congestion threshold. When the MEP determines the target number that appears in the current statistical time period 401, the MEP determines whether the target number is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold. If the MEP determines that the target number is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold, the MEP determines that the traffic transmission information of the multiple terminal devices meets the congestion conditions within the current statistical time period. If the MEP determines that the target number is less than the congestion threshold, the MEP determines that the traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices does not meet the congestion conditions within the current statistical time period.
本实施例对该拥塞阈值的取值大小不做限定，只要该当前的统计时间段内，该目标数量大于或等于该拥塞阈值的情况下，则多个终端设备向UPF传输数据帧的过程中容易出现拥塞。该拥塞阈值的取值的大小与该统计时间段的持续时间的长度之间，呈正相关关系。This embodiment does not limit the value of the congestion threshold. As long as the target number is greater than or equal to the congestion threshold within the current statistical time period, multiple terminal devices will transmit data frames to the UPF. Congestion is prone to occur. There is a positive correlation between the value of the congestion threshold and the duration of the statistical period.
方式2Way 2
本实施例所示的MEP确定来自不同的终端设备的流量峰值出现的时机，若MEP确定出现在同一时机内的流量峰值大于或等于流量阈值，则确定满足拥塞条件。The MEP shown in this embodiment determines the timing when traffic peaks from different terminal devices occur. If the MEP determines that the traffic peak occurring at the same timing is greater than or equal to the traffic threshold, it is determined that the congestion condition is met.
例如图3b所示，MEP对终端设备A1的流量传输信息和对终端设备A2的流量传输信息进行叠加。For example, as shown in Figure 3b, the MEP superimposes the traffic transmission information of the terminal device A1 and the traffic transmission information of the terminal device A2.
叠加具体过程可参见图3b的坐标系312所示，对出现在同一时机内的峰值流量进行叠加，例如，针对终端设备A1，在时机330出现流量峰值，该流量峰值为9mbps。针对终端设备A2，在同一时机330出现流量峰值，该流量峰值为10mbps，可见，叠加后在该时机330出现的峰值流量为19mbps。The specific process of superposition can be seen in the coordinate system 312 of Figure 3b. The peak traffic that occurs at the same time is superimposed. For example, for terminal device A1, a traffic peak occurs at time 330, and the traffic peak is 9 mbps. For terminal device A2, the traffic peak occurs at the same time 330, and the traffic peak is 10 mbps. It can be seen that the peak traffic occurring at this time 330 after superposition is 19 mbps.
若MEP预设的流量阈值为10mbps，MEP确定时间330出现的流量峰值(19mbps)大于流量阈值(10mbps)，则MEP确定满足拥塞条件。If the MEP's preset traffic threshold is 10 mbps, and the MEP determines that the traffic peak (19 mbps) occurring at time 330 is greater than the traffic threshold (10 mbps), the MEP determines that the congestion condition is met.
方式3Way 3
本实施例所示的MEP确定来自不同的终端设备的流量峰值出现的时机，对流量峰值出现的时机的说明，请参见方式2所示，具体不做赘述。若MEP确定两个或两个以上的终端设备的流量峰值出现的时机至少部分重合，则确定满足拥塞条件。The MEP shown in this embodiment determines the timing of the occurrence of traffic peaks from different terminal devices. For the description of the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak, please refer to Method 2, which will not be described in detail. If the MEP determines that the timing of the traffic peaks of two or more terminal devices at least partially overlaps, it is determined that the congestion condition is met.
例如图5所示，MEP确定满足预设条件的来自终端设备510的流量峰值511以及来自终端设备520的流量峰值521。该预设条件为，在时间轴上，该流量峰值521所出现的时机与流量峰值521所出现的时机最靠近。For example, as shown in Figure 5, the MEP determines the traffic peak value 511 from the terminal device 510 and the traffic peak value 521 from the terminal device 520 that meet the preset conditions. The preset condition is that on the time axis, the timing at which the flow peak 521 occurs is closest to the timing at which the flow peak 521 appears.
具体地，该流量峰值511出现的时机为第一时间段501，该流量峰值521出现的时机为第二时间段502，在MEP确定该第一时间段501的持续时间和第二时间段502的持续时间重合或部分重合，继续参见图5所示，该第一时间段501的第一时间段501的起始时刻为tn，该第一时间段501的持续时间的结束时刻为tm，该第二时间段502的起始时刻也为tn，该第二时间段502的结束时刻也为tm，则说明该第一时间段501的持续时间和该第二时间段502的持续时间完全重合，该MEP即可确定来自终端设备510的流量传输信息和来自终端设备520的流量传输信息满足拥塞条件。Specifically, the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak 511 is the first time period 501, and the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak 521 is the second time period 502. The MEP determines the duration of the first time period 501 and the duration of the second time period 502. The durations overlap or partially overlap. As shown in FIG. 5 , the starting time of the first time period 501 is tn, the end time of the duration of the first time period 501 is tm, and the first time period 501 is tm. The starting time of the second time period 502 is also tn, and the end time of the second time period 502 is also tm, which means that the duration of the first time period 501 and the duration of the second time period 502 completely overlap. The MEP can determine that the traffic transmission information from the terminal device 510 and the traffic transmission information from the terminal device 520 satisfy the congestion condition.
方式4Way 4
本方式所示为MEP确定来自多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息，在同时满足上述所示的方式1至方式3中至少两个的情况下，MEP确定满足拥塞条件。This method shows that the MEP determines the traffic transmission information from each of multiple terminal devices. When at least two of the above-mentioned methods 1 to 3 are satisfied at the same time, the MEP determines that the congestion condition is met.
本实施例所示在MEP确定多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息满足拥塞条件，则说明多个终端设备向UPF进行数据传输的过程中容易出现网络拥塞，则触发执行下述所示的步骤206以避免多个终端设备向UPF进行数据传输的过程中出现网络拥塞。As shown in this embodiment, when the MEP determines that the traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices meets the congestion conditions, it means that network congestion is likely to occur during the data transmission of multiple terminal devices to the UPF, and then the execution of step 206 shown below is triggered. This is to avoid network congestion when multiple terminal devices transmit data to UPF.
若MEP确定多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息不满足拥塞条件，则说明多个终端设备向UPF进行数据传输的过程中不容易出现网络拥塞，则可选地的执行方式为返回执行步骤204，从而使得MEP经由步骤204重新获取多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息，以重新判断是否满足拥塞条件。If the MEP determines that the traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices does not meet the congestion conditions, it means that network congestion is not likely to occur during data transmission by multiple terminal devices to the UPF, and the optional execution method is to return to step 204, This causes the MEP to re-obtain the traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices through step 204 to re-determine whether the congestion condition is met.
步骤206、MEP向第一终端设备发送流量调整指令。Step 206: The MEP sends a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.
本实施例所示的MEP经由UPF以及基站向第一终端设备发送流量调整指令，MEP通过 向第一终端设备发送流量调整指令的方式，以改变第一终端设备发出的流量峰值出现的时机。本实施例所示的该第一终端设备为MEP所连接的所有终端设备中的部分或全部。The MEP shown in this embodiment sends a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device via the UPF and the base station. The MEP sends a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device to change the timing of the traffic peak sent by the first terminal device. The first terminal device shown in this embodiment is part or all of all terminal devices connected to the MEP.
步骤207、第一终端设备接收来自MEP的流量调整指令。Step 207: The first terminal device receives the traffic adjustment instruction from the MEP.
所述第一终端设备根据已接收到的流量调整指令改变数据传输过程中，流量周期中的流量峰值出现的时机。The first terminal device changes the timing of the occurrence of the traffic peak in the traffic cycle during the data transmission process according to the received traffic adjustment instruction.
步骤208、第一终端设备根据流量调整指令向UPF发送数据包。Step 208: The first terminal device sends the data packet to the UPF according to the traffic adjustment instruction.
为更好的理解，以下对步骤206至步骤208统一进行说明：For better understanding, steps 206 to 208 are described in a unified manner below:
以下参见图6a所示，第一终端设备601通过第一流量周期向UPF传输峰值帧611，第二终端设备602通过第二流量周期向UPF传输峰值帧612，该峰值帧611和该峰值帧612均为I帧为例进行示例性说明。Referring to Figure 6a below, the first terminal device 601 transmits the peak frame 611 to the UPF through the first traffic cycle, and the second terminal device 602 transmits the peak frame 612 to the UPF through the second traffic cycle. The peak frame 611 and the peak frame 612 All are I frames as an example for illustrative explanation.
该峰值帧611的出现的时机和该峰值帧612出现的时机重合，即在UPF侧，承载峰值帧611的数据包出现的时机和承载该峰值帧612的数据包出现的时间重合，说明第一终端设备601和第二终端设备602向UPF进行数据传输的过程中容易出现网络拥塞。The timing of the appearance of the peak frame 611 coincides with the timing of the appearance of the peak frame 612, that is, on the UPF side, the timing of the appearance of the data packet carrying the peak frame 611 coincides with the timing of the appearance of the data packet carrying the peak frame 612, indicating that the first Network congestion is prone to occur during data transmission by the terminal device 601 and the second terminal device 602 to the UPF.
而来自第一终端设备601的各个峰值帧以及来自第二终端设备602的各个峰值帧均为周期性传输的，可见，在第一流量周期中所传输的峰值帧611出现的时机和在第二流量周期中所传输的峰值帧612出现的时机重合的情况下，在第三流量周期中所传输的峰值帧621出现的时机和在第四流量周期中所传输的峰值帧622出现的时机也会出现重合。Each peak frame from the first terminal device 601 and each peak frame from the second terminal device 602 are transmitted periodically. It can be seen that the timing of the peak frame 611 transmitted in the first traffic cycle is different from that in the second traffic cycle. If the peak frame 612 transmitted in the traffic cycle occurs at the same time, the peak frame 621 transmitted in the third traffic cycle and the peak frame 622 transmitted in the fourth traffic cycle will also occur. Overlap occurs.
其中，在时间轴上，第三流量周期的持续时间晚于第一流量周期的持续时间，第四流量周期的持续时间晚于第二流量周期的持续时间。可见，UPF先接收到通过第一流量周期所传输的各个数据包，随后接收到通过第三流量周期所传输的各个数据包，同样的，UPF先接收到通过第二流量周期所传输的各个数据包，随后接收到通过第四流量周期所传输的各个数据包。Wherein, on the time axis, the duration of the third flow period is later than the duration of the first flow period, and the duration of the fourth flow period is later than the duration of the second flow period. It can be seen that UPF first receives each data packet transmitted through the first traffic cycle, and then receives each data packet transmitted through the third traffic cycle. Similarly, UPF first receives each data packet transmitted through the second traffic cycle. packets, followed by receipt of individual data packets transmitted through the fourth traffic cycle.
本实施例以第三流量周期和第一流量周期为来自第一终端设备601的两个相邻的流量周期为例，在其他示例中，第一流量周期和第三流量周期之间，也可间隔一个或多个流量周期，对第二流量周期和第四流量周期的关系说明，请参见对第一流量周期和第三流量周期之间关系的说明，具体不做赘述。In this embodiment, the third traffic cycle and the first traffic cycle are two adjacent traffic cycles from the first terminal device 601 as an example. In other examples, the first traffic cycle and the third traffic cycle may also be One or more traffic cycles are separated. For an explanation of the relationship between the second traffic cycle and the fourth traffic cycle, please refer to the description of the relationship between the first traffic cycle and the third traffic cycle. Details will not be described again.
为此，MEP为避免峰值帧621和峰值帧622出现网络拥塞，则MEP可向第一终端设备601发送流量调整指令，如图6b所示，第一终端设备接收到该流量调整指令后对峰值帧621出现的时机进行调整，从而保证UPF侧，峰值帧621出现的时机和峰值帧622出现的时机不重合。To this end, in order to avoid network congestion in peak frames 621 and 622, the MEP can send a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device 601. As shown in Figure 6b, the first terminal device adjusts the peak value after receiving the traffic adjustment instruction. The timing at which frame 621 appears is adjusted to ensure that on the UPF side, the timing at which peak frame 621 appears and the timing at which peak frame 622 appears do not coincide.
本实施例所示的MEP可通过改变第一终端设备对峰值帧621进行编码的时刻的方式，以改变该峰值帧621在UPF侧出现的时机。The MEP shown in this embodiment can change the timing when the peak frame 621 appears on the UPF side by changing the moment when the first terminal device encodes the peak frame 621 .
本实施例所示的MEP可通过5G信令或应用层消息发送该流量调整指令。The MEP shown in this embodiment can send the traffic adjustment instruction through 5G signaling or application layer messages.
具体地，该5G信令可为非接入层(non-access stratum signaling，NAS)信令。该应用层消息可为符合开放型网络视频接口论坛(open network video interface forum，ONVIF)标准或符合公共安全视频监控联网系统信息传输、交换、控制技术要求(GB28181)标准的消息。本实施例对该流量调整信令的消息类型以及符合的标准不做限定，只要该流 量调整指令用于指示第一终端设备改变峰值帧在UPF侧出现的时机即可。Specifically, the 5G signaling may be non-access stratum signaling (NAS) signaling. The application layer message may be a message that conforms to the Open Network Video Interface Forum (ONVIF) standard or the Public Safety Video Surveillance Networking System Information Transmission, Exchange, and Control Technical Requirements (GB28181) standard. This embodiment does not limit the message type of the traffic adjustment signaling and the standards it conforms to, as long as the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to change the timing when the peak frame appears on the UPF side.
以下对流量调整指令的几种可选地调整类型进行说明：The following describes several optional adjustment types of flow adjustment instructions:
类型1Type 1
本示例所示的MEP所生成的流量调整指令用于向第一终端设备指示开始对峰值帧进行编码，所述第一终端设备接收到该流量调整指令后，立即开始对峰值帧的编码。The traffic adjustment instruction generated by the MEP shown in this example is used to instruct the first terminal device to start encoding the peak frame. After receiving the flow adjustment instruction, the first terminal device immediately starts encoding the peak frame.
如图6b所示，第一终端设备601传输完成第一流量周期后，若未接收到来自UPF的流量调整指令，则第一终端设备601可持续向UPF传输低峰帧(如P帧或B帧)，如第一终端设备601向UPF连续传输P帧634、P帧633、P帧632以及P帧631。As shown in Figure 6b, after the first terminal device 601 completes the transmission of the first traffic cycle, if it does not receive a traffic adjustment instruction from the UPF, the first terminal device 601 can continue to transmit low-peak frames (such as P frames or B frames) to the UPF. frame), for example, the first terminal device 601 continuously transmits P frame 634, P frame 633, P frame 632 and P frame 631 to the UPF.
在第一终端设备601对P帧631编码完成后，接收到来自MEP的流量调整指令，则第一终端设备601立即开始对峰值帧621进行编码。After the first terminal device 601 completes encoding the P frame 631 and receives the traffic adjustment instruction from the MEP, the first terminal device 601 immediately starts encoding the peak frame 621.
本示例所示还可参见图6c所示，第一终端设备601在传输第一流量周期的过程中，即该第一流量周期所包括的所有数据帧尚未完全编码完成，接收到来自MEP的流量调整指令，则第一终端设备601立即开始对峰值帧621进行编码。In this example, please refer to FIG. 6c. In the process of transmitting the first traffic cycle, that is, all the data frames included in the first traffic cycle have not yet been fully encoded, and the first terminal device 601 receives the traffic from the MEP. After adjusting the instruction, the first terminal device 601 immediately starts encoding the peak frame 621.
例如，若第一流量周期传输50个数据帧，第一终端设备已将第一流量周期所包括的45个数据帧传输至UPF后，尚未完成第一流量周期所包括的第46个数据帧至第50个数据帧的情况下，即接收到来自MEP的流量调整指令，该第一终端设备开始对第三流量周期的峰值帧621进行编码，可见，此种示例下，第一终端设备终止第一流量周期的数据传输，开始进行第三流量周期的数据传输过程。For example, if the first traffic cycle transmits 50 data frames, after the first terminal device has transmitted 45 data frames included in the first traffic cycle to the UPF, it has not yet completed the 46th data frame included in the first traffic cycle. In the case of the 50th data frame, that is, after receiving the traffic adjustment instruction from the MEP, the first terminal device begins to encode the peak frame 621 of the third traffic cycle. It can be seen that in this example, the first terminal device terminates the After the data transmission of one traffic cycle, the data transmission process of the third traffic cycle begins.
可见，经由图6b或图6c所示，第一终端设备通过第三流量周期所传输的峰值帧621和第二终端设备通过第四流量周期所传输的峰值帧622，在UPF侧所出现的时机不重合，则第一终端设备601和第二终端设备602向UPF进行数据传输的过程中，不会出现网络拥塞。It can be seen from Figure 6b or Figure 6c that the peak frame 621 transmitted by the first terminal device through the third traffic cycle and the peak frame 622 transmitted by the second terminal device through the fourth traffic cycle occur on the UPF side. If there is no overlap, network congestion will not occur during the data transmission between the first terminal device 601 and the second terminal device 602 to the UPF.
此种示例下的流量调整指令的信令格式可参见图7a所示，可见，该流量调整指令所包括的协议头711用于指示该流量调整指令所使用的协议，例如，该协议头711用于指示该流量调整指令为NAS信令。The signaling format of the traffic adjustment instruction in this example can be seen in Figure 7a. It can be seen that the protocol header 711 included in the traffic adjustment instruction is used to indicate the protocol used by the traffic adjustment instruction. For example, the protocol header 711 uses Indicates that the traffic adjustment command is NAS signaling.
该指令类型712用于指示接收到该流量调整指令的第一终端设备，立即开始对峰值帧的编码。This instruction type 712 is used to instruct the first terminal device that receives the traffic adjustment instruction to immediately start encoding the peak frame.
类型2Type 2
类型1所示的流量调整指令用于指示第一终端设备开始对峰值帧进行编码，而类型2所示的流量调整指令用于指示第一终端设备对峰值帧进行编码的具体编码时机。具体地，该流量调整指令用于指示第一终端设备具体开始对峰值帧进行编码的编码开始时刻，从而使得第一终端设备在确定该编码开始时刻到达时，开始对峰值帧的编码。The traffic adjustment instruction shown in type 1 is used to instruct the first terminal device to start encoding the peak frame, and the flow adjustment instruction shown in type 2 is used to instruct the first terminal device to encode the specific encoding timing of the peak frame. Specifically, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to specifically start encoding the peak frame at the encoding start time, so that the first terminal device starts encoding the peak frame when it determines that the encoding start time has arrived.
也可参见图6b所示，第一终端设备601在接收到流量调整指令的情况下，该流量调整指令所指示的编码开始时刻尚未到达，则第一终端设备601可持续向UPF传输低峰帧(如P帧或B帧)，如第一终端设备601向UPF连续传输P帧634、P帧633、P帧632以及P帧631。As shown in Figure 6b, when the first terminal device 601 receives a traffic adjustment instruction and the encoding start time indicated by the flow adjustment instruction has not yet arrived, the first terminal device 601 can continue to transmit low-peak frames to the UPF. (such as P frame or B frame), for example, the first terminal device 601 continuously transmits P frame 634, P frame 633, P frame 632 and P frame 631 to the UPF.
在第一终端设备601对P帧631编码完成后，确定该编码开始时刻到达，则所述第一 终端设备601立即开始对峰值帧621的编码。After the first terminal device 601 completes encoding the P frame 631, and it is determined that the encoding start time has arrived, the first terminal device 601 immediately starts encoding the peak frame 621.
本示例所示还可参见图6c所示，第一终端设备601在传输第一流量周期的过程中，即该第一流量周期所包括的所有数据帧尚未完全编码完成，确定流量调整指令所指示的该编码开始时刻到达，则第一终端设备601立即开始对峰值帧621进行编码。In this example, please refer to Figure 6c. In the process of transmitting the first traffic cycle, that is, all data frames included in the first traffic cycle have not yet been fully encoded, the first terminal device 601 determines that the traffic adjustment instruction indicates When the encoding start time arrives, the first terminal device 601 immediately starts encoding the peak frame 621 .
例如，若第一流量周期传输50个数据帧，第一终端设备已将第一流量周期所包括的45个数据帧传输至UPF后，尚未完成第一流量周期所包括的第46个数据帧至第50个数据帧的编码情况下，确定流量调整指令所指示的该编码开始时刻已到达，该第一终端设备开始对第三流量周期的峰值帧621进行编码，可见，此种示例下，第一终端设备终止第一流量周期的数据传输，开始进行第三流量周期的数据传输过程。For example, if the first traffic cycle transmits 50 data frames, after the first terminal device has transmitted 45 data frames included in the first traffic cycle to the UPF, it has not yet completed the 46th data frame included in the first traffic cycle. In the case of encoding the 50th data frame, it is determined that the encoding start time indicated by the traffic adjustment instruction has arrived, and the first terminal device starts encoding the peak frame 621 of the third traffic cycle. It can be seen that in this example, the first terminal device A terminal device terminates the data transmission of the first traffic cycle and starts the data transmission process of the third traffic cycle.
经由图6b或图6c所示，第一终端设备通过第三流量周期所传输的峰值帧621和第二终端设备通过第四流量周期所传输的峰值帧622，在UPF侧所出现的时机不重合，则第一终端设备601和第二终端设备602向UPF进行数据传输的过程中，不会出现网络拥塞。As shown in Figure 6b or Figure 6c, the peak frame 621 transmitted by the first terminal device through the third traffic cycle and the peak frame 622 transmitted by the second terminal device through the fourth traffic cycle do not coincide with the timing on the UPF side. , then network congestion will not occur during data transmission by the first terminal device 601 and the second terminal device 602 to the UPF.
此种示例下的流量调整指令的信令格式可参见图7b所示，该流量调整指令所包括的协议头721的说明，请参见图7a所示，具体不做赘述。该指令类型722用于指示第一终端设备改变开始对峰值帧进行编码的编码开始时刻，该编码时刻指示723用于指示该编码开始时刻的具体时刻。The signaling format of the traffic adjustment instruction in this example can be seen in Figure 7b. The description of the protocol header 721 included in the traffic adjustment instruction can be seen in Figure 7a, which will not be described again. The instruction type 722 is used to instruct the first terminal device to change the encoding start time to start encoding the peak frame, and the encoding time indication 723 is used to indicate the specific time of the encoding start time.
在类型1或类型2中，以MEP仅向第一终端设备发送流量调整指令为例进行示例性说明，在其他示例中，MEP也可向第一终端设备和第二终端设备发送该流量调整指令，只要第一终端设备通过第三流量周期所传输的峰值帧621和第二终端设备通过第四流量周期所传输的峰值帧622，在UPF侧所出现的时机不重合即可。In type 1 or type 2, the MEP only sends the traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device as an example. In other examples, the MEP can also send the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device and the second terminal device. , as long as the peak frame 621 transmitted by the first terminal device through the third traffic cycle and the peak frame 622 transmitted by the second terminal device through the fourth traffic cycle do not coincide with the timing on the UPF side.
本实施例以第一终端设备通过第三流量周期所传输的峰值帧621和第二终端设备通过第四流量周期所传输的峰值帧622，在UPF侧所出现的时机不重合为例，在其他示例中，也可保证第二重合时长小于第一重合时长即可。In this embodiment, the timing of the peak frame 621 transmitted by the first terminal device through the third traffic cycle and the peak frame 622 transmitted by the second terminal device through the fourth traffic cycle are not coincident on the UPF side. In other cases, In the example, it can also be ensured that the duration of the second coincidence is shorter than the duration of the first coincidence.
其中，第一重合时长为MEP尚未向第一终端设备发送流量调整指令的情况下，第一流量周期所传输的峰值帧和第二流量周期所传输的峰值帧，在UPF侧出现的时机的重合时长。第二重合时长为MEP已向第一终端设备发送流量调整指令的情况下，第三流量周期所传输的峰值帧和第四流量周期所传输的峰值帧，在UPF侧出现的时机的重合时长。Among them, the first coincidence duration is the coincidence of the peak frame transmitted in the first traffic cycle and the peak frame transmitted in the second traffic cycle on the UPF side when the MEP has not sent a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device. duration. The second coincidence duration is the coincidence duration when the peak frame transmitted in the third traffic cycle and the peak frame transmitted in the fourth traffic cycle occur on the UPF side when the MEP has sent a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.
可见，在第二重合时长小于第一重合时长的情况下，能够降低第一终端设备和第二终端设备向UPF进行数据传输的过程中，出现网络拥塞的可能。It can be seen that in the case where the second coincidence duration is less than the first coincidence duration, the possibility of network congestion occurring during data transmission by the first terminal device and the second terminal device to the UPF can be reduced.
类型3Type 3
在类型1或类型2中，流量调整指令用于指示第一终端设备开始对峰值帧进行编码的时机，而在类型3中，该流量调整指令可用于指示第一终端设备发送峰值帧的发送时刻。In Type 1 or Type 2, the traffic adjustment instruction is used to instruct the first terminal device to start encoding the peak frame, and in Type 3, the flow adjustment instruction can be used to instruct the first terminal device to send the peak frame at the sending moment. .
例如，第一终端设备将已生成的峰值帧缓存，在接收到该流量调整指示的情况下，第一终端设备向UPF发送已缓存的该峰值帧。For example, the first terminal device caches the generated peak frame, and upon receiving the traffic adjustment indication, the first terminal device sends the cached peak frame to the UPF.
又如，第一终端设备将已生成的峰值帧缓存，在接收到的该流量调整指示包括发送时刻的情况下，第一终端在确定该发送时刻到达，则开始向UPF发送已缓存的该峰值帧。For another example, the first terminal device caches the generated peak frame. When the received traffic adjustment indication includes the sending time, the first terminal determines that the sending time has arrived and starts sending the buffered peak frame to the UPF. frame.
类型4Type 4
本示例所示的MEP所生成的流量调整指令用于调整统计时间段内所接收到的各个峰值帧的时刻。The traffic adjustment instructions generated by the MEP shown in this example are used to adjust the time of each peak frame received within the statistical time period.
例如，图8a所示，MEP在当前的统计时间段800确定来自终端设备811的流量峰值821，具体说明，可参见图3b所示，具体不做赘述，MEP在当前的统计时间段800还确定终端设备812的流量峰值822，终端设备813的流量峰值823，终端设备814的流量峰值824以及终端设备815的流量峰值825，对统计时间段800的说明，请参见上述所示对统计时间段的说明，具体不做赘述。For example, as shown in Figure 8a, the MEP determines the traffic peak value 821 from the terminal device 811 in the current statistical time period 800. For specific description, see Figure 3b. The details will not be repeated. The MEP also determines the traffic peak value 821 in the current statistical time period 800. The traffic peak value 822 of the terminal device 812, the traffic peak value 823 of the terminal device 813, the traffic peak value 824 of the terminal device 814 and the traffic peak value 825 of the terminal device 815. For the description of the statistical time period 800, please refer to the above-mentioned description of the statistical time period. Explanation without going into details.
在当前的统计时间段800中，UPF接收到流量峰值823、流量峰值824以及流量峰值825的时机完全重合，UPF接收流量峰值821和流量峰值822的时机完全重合，可见，终端设备811至终端设备815向UPF进行数据传输的过程中，容易出现网络拥塞。In the current statistical time period 800, the timing when UPF receives the traffic peak 823, the traffic peak 824, and the traffic peak 825 completely coincides, and the timing when UPF receives the traffic peak 821 and the traffic peak 822 completely coincides. It can be seen that the terminal device 811 to the terminal device During the data transmission process of 815 to UPF, network congestion is prone to occur.
为此，MEP可通过向图8a所示的部分或全部终端设备发送流量调整指令的方式，以改变在后续的统计时间段内，来自图8a所示的部分或全部终端设备所发送的I帧对应的流量峰值出现的时机。To this end, the MEP can send traffic adjustment instructions to some or all of the terminal devices shown in Figure 8a to change the I frames sent from some or all of the terminal devices shown in Figure 8a in the subsequent statistical time period. The timing when the corresponding traffic peak occurs.
参见图8b所示，该示例所示的MEP可不对来自终端设备815的流量峰值835出现的时机，从而保证在时间轴上，来自终端设备815的流量峰值825在当前的统计时间段800中的相对位置，和来自终端设备815的流量峰值835在后续的统计时间段840中的相对位置相同。Referring to Figure 8b, the MEP shown in this example can determine the timing of the traffic peak 835 from the terminal device 815, thereby ensuring that on the timeline, the traffic peak 825 from the terminal device 815 is within the current statistical time period 800. The relative position is the same as the relative position of the traffic peak 835 from the terminal device 815 in the subsequent statistical time period 840.
其中，在时间轴上，后续的统计时间段840和当前的统计时间段800的持续时间相等，且后续的统计时间段840的开始时刻晚于当前的统计时间段800的结束时刻。On the time axis, the subsequent statistical time period 840 has the same duration as the current statistical time period 800, and the start time of the subsequent statistical time period 840 is later than the end time of the current statistical time period 800.
MEP可通过分别向终端设备811、终端设备812、终端设备813以及终端设备814发送流量调整指令的方式，从而使得流量峰值831、流量峰值832、流量峰值833、流量峰值834以及流量峰值835出现的时机均匀的分布于所述后续的统计时间段840中。例如，流量峰值832出现的时机和流量峰值831出现的时机之间的时间间隔，等于流量峰值831出现的时机和流量峰值833出现的时机之间的时间间隔，依次类推。The MEP can send traffic adjustment instructions to the terminal device 811, the terminal device 812, the terminal device 813 and the terminal device 814 respectively, thereby causing the traffic peak 831, the traffic peak 832, the traffic peak 833, the traffic peak 834 and the traffic peak 835 to appear. The opportunities are evenly distributed in the subsequent statistical time period 840. For example, the time interval between the time when the traffic peak 832 occurs and the time when the traffic peak 831 occurs is equal to the time interval between the time when the traffic peak 831 occurs and the time when the traffic peak 833 occurs, and so on.
多个终端设备的峰值帧出现的时机均匀的分布于后续的采集时间内的情况下，可有效地提高终端设备和UPF之间的网络资源的利用效率。When the timing of the peak frames of multiple terminal devices is evenly distributed in the subsequent collection time, the utilization efficiency of network resources between the terminal device and the UPF can be effectively improved.
MEP改变图8b所示的各个流量峰值的出现时机的方式的说明，可参见上述类型1至类型3任一类型所示，具体不做赘述。The description of the way in which the MEP changes the occurrence timing of each traffic peak shown in Figure 8b can be found in any of the above-mentioned types 1 to 3, and will not be described in detail.
需明确的是，本实施例对图8b所示的各个流量峰值出现的时机在后续的统计时间段840中的排布方式的说明为可选地示例，具体不做限定，只要任意不同的两个流量峰值的出现的时机不重合即可，或者，任意两个不同的流量峰值在后续的统计时间段840中出现的时机的重合时间小于任意两个不同的流量峰值在当前的统计时间段800中出现的时机的重合时间。It should be noted that the description of the arrangement of the timing of occurrence of each traffic peak shown in Figure 8b in the subsequent statistical time period 840 in this embodiment is an optional example, and is not specifically limited. As long as any two different It is sufficient that the timing of occurrence of the traffic peaks does not coincide, or the coincidence time of any two different traffic peaks in the subsequent statistical time period 840 is less than the coincidence time of any two different traffic peaks in the current statistical time period 800 The coincidence time of the opportunities appearing in .
为降低出现网络拥塞的概率，则MEP还可改变出现在后续的统计时间段840内的流量峰值的数量，从而保证出现在后续的统计时间段840内的流量峰值的数量小于出现在当前的统计时间段800内的流量峰值的数量，可选地，本实施例可保证出现在后续的统计时间段840内的流量峰值的数量小于拥塞阈值，从而保证在网络传输环境出现变化，导致终端 设备向UPF所传输的I帧出现延时等情况，也能够有效地避免网络拥塞。In order to reduce the probability of network congestion, the MEP can also change the number of traffic peaks that appear in the subsequent statistical time period 840, thereby ensuring that the number of traffic peaks that appear in the subsequent statistical time period 840 is smaller than the number of traffic peaks that appear in the current statistical period. The number of traffic peaks in the time period 800. Optionally, this embodiment can ensure that the number of traffic peaks appearing in the subsequent statistical time period 840 is less than the congestion threshold, thereby ensuring that changes in the network transmission environment cause the terminal device to Delays in I frames transmitted by UPF can also effectively avoid network congestion.
在第一终端设备将改变了流量峰值出现的时机的数据帧，传输至UPF后，UPF即可将该数据帧传输至MEP，MEP再将数据帧传输至媒体设备以进行播放。After the first terminal device transmits the data frame that changes the timing of the traffic peak to the UPF, the UPF can transmit the data frame to the MEP, and the MEP then transmits the data frame to the media device for playback.
需明确的是，本实施例所示的MEP所执行的功能，还可由图1所示的核心网所包括的任一网元执行，具体执行过程请参见上述MEP执行过程的说明，具体不做赘述。It should be noted that the functions performed by the MEP shown in this embodiment can also be performed by any network element included in the core network shown in Figure 1. For the specific execution process, please refer to the above description of the MEP execution process. Specific details are not provided. Repeat.
采用本实施例所示的方法，无需丢弃终端设备所传输的数据帧的方式，即可有效地避免网络拥塞，有效地避免了媒体设备所播放的视频出现花屏、卡顿等事件。而且本实施例所示能够灵活的调整来自多个终端设备各自的峰值帧在UPF侧出现的时机，避免多个终端设备所传输的峰值帧集中的向UPF传输，能够有效地避免网络拥塞的情况下，还能够提高终端设备和UPF之间网络资源的利用率，从而有效地提高了网络资源的服务质量(quality of service，QoS)。Using the method shown in this embodiment, network congestion can be effectively avoided without discarding data frames transmitted by the terminal device, and incidents such as screen blur and freezes in the video played by the media device can be effectively avoided. Moreover, as shown in this embodiment, the timing at which peak frames from multiple terminal devices appear on the UPF side can be flexibly adjusted to avoid concentrated transmission of peak frames transmitted by multiple terminal devices to the UPF, which can effectively avoid network congestion. It can also improve the utilization of network resources between the terminal device and the UPF, thereby effectively improving the quality of service (QoS) of network resources.
实施例二Embodiment 2
基于图1所示的通信系统，以下结合图9所示对本实施例所示的数据传输方法的执行过程进行说明，其中，图9为本申请所提供的数据传输方法的第二种实施例步骤流程图。Based on the communication system shown in Figure 1, the execution process of the data transmission method shown in this embodiment will be described below in conjunction with Figure 9, where Figure 9 shows the steps of the second embodiment of the data transmission method provided by this application. flow chart.
步骤901、UPF接收来自多个终端设备各自的数据包。Step 901: UPF receives respective data packets from multiple terminal devices.
步骤902、UPF获取统计信息。Step 902: UPF obtains statistical information.
步骤903、UPF向MEP发送多个终端设备各自的统计信息。Step 903: The UPF sends respective statistical information of multiple terminal devices to the MEP.
步骤904、MEP获取多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息。Step 904: The MEP obtains traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices.
步骤905、MEP判断多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息是否满足拥塞条件，若是，则执行步骤906，若否，则返回执行步骤904。Step 905: The MEP determines whether the traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices meets the congestion condition. If yes, step 906 is executed. If not, step 904 is returned to execution.
步骤906、MEP向第一终端设备发送流量调整指令。Step 906: The MEP sends a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.
步骤907、第一终端设备接收来自MEP的流量调整指令。Step 907: The first terminal device receives the traffic adjustment instruction from the MEP.
本实施例所示的步骤901至步骤907的执行过程的说明，请详见图2所示的步骤201至步骤207所示，具体执行过程不做赘述。For an explanation of the execution process of steps 901 to 907 shown in this embodiment, please refer to steps 201 to 207 shown in Figure 2 for details, and the specific execution process will not be described again.
步骤908、第一终端设备根据流量调整指令向UPF发送后续数据包。Step 908: The first terminal device sends subsequent data packets to the UPF according to the traffic adjustment instruction.
步骤909、UPF接收来自第一终端设备的后续数据包。Step 909: The UPF receives subsequent data packets from the first terminal device.
本实施例所示的后续数据包为第一终端设备根据流量调整指令对出现时机进行了调整后，向UPF所传输的数据包。The subsequent data packets shown in this embodiment are data packets transmitted to the UPF after the first terminal device adjusts the occurrence timing according to the traffic adjustment instruction.
步骤910、UPF获取后续统计信息。Step 910: UPF obtains subsequent statistical information.
UPF根据后续数据帧获取后续统计信息的具体过程，请参见步骤902所示的UPF根据数据帧获取统计信息的具体过程，具体不做赘述。可见，该后续统计信息包括承载峰值帧的后续数据包出现的时机以及流量，还包括承载低峰帧的后续数据包出现的时机以及流量。For the specific process of UPF obtaining subsequent statistical information based on subsequent data frames, please refer to the specific process of UPF obtaining statistical information based on data frames shown in step 902, which will not be described in detail. It can be seen that the subsequent statistical information includes the timing and traffic volume of subsequent data packets carrying peak frames, and also includes the timing and traffic volume of subsequent data packets carrying low-peak frames.
步骤911、UPF向MEP发送第一终端设备的后续统计信息。Step 911: The UPF sends subsequent statistical information of the first terminal device to the MEP.
步骤912、MEP获取第一终端设备的后续流量传输信息。Step 912: The MEP obtains subsequent traffic transmission information of the first terminal device.
本实施例所示的MEP根据后续统计信息获取后续流量传输信息的过程，请参见步骤904所示的MEP根据统计信息获取流量传输信息的过程，具体不做赘述。For the process of the MEP obtaining subsequent traffic transmission information based on subsequent statistical information shown in this embodiment, please refer to the process of the MEP obtaining traffic transmission information based on statistical information shown in step 904, which will not be described in detail.
步骤913、MEP判断出现目标流量峰值的第一时机和第二时机之间的偏差是否大于或等于预设阈值，若是，则执行步骤914。Step 913: The MEP determines whether the deviation between the first timing and the second timing when the target traffic peak occurs is greater than or equal to the preset threshold. If so, step 914 is executed.
本实施例所示的目标流量峰值为步骤906所示的流量调整指令所指示的来自第一终端设备的峰值帧对应的流量，该第一时机为MEP经由步骤906所示所生成的流量调整指令所指示的该峰值帧所出现的时机，可见，该第一时机为该流量调整指令尚未发送至第一终端设备，MEP为避免网络拥塞，希望第一终端设备的峰值帧对应的流量峰值经由该流量调整指令调整后，在UPF侧所出现的时机。The target traffic peak value shown in this embodiment is the traffic corresponding to the peak frame from the first terminal device indicated by the traffic adjustment instruction shown in step 906. The first opportunity is the flow adjustment instruction generated by the MEP through step 906. It can be seen from the indicated timing that the peak frame occurs that the traffic adjustment instruction has not yet been sent to the first terminal device. In order to avoid network congestion, the MEP hopes that the traffic peak corresponding to the peak frame of the first terminal device passes through the The timing that appears on the UPF side after the flow adjustment instruction is adjusted.
该第二时机为第一终端设备接收到该流量调整指令后，对目标流量峰值的出现时机进行调整后，传输至UPF侧所出现的时机，可见，该第二时机为该流量调整指令已发送至第一终端设备，第一终端设备已根据该流量调整指令完成对该峰值帧的出现时机进行了调整后，在UPF侧所出现的时机。The second timing is the timing when the first terminal device receives the flow adjustment instruction, adjusts the timing of the target flow peak, and then transmits it to the UPF side. It can be seen that the second timing is that the flow adjustment instruction has been sent. To the first terminal device, after the first terminal device has completed adjusting the occurrence timing of the peak frame according to the traffic adjustment instruction, the timing appears on the UPF side.
本实施例所示的第一时机和第二时机之间的偏差可为第一时机的起始时刻和第二时机的起始时刻之间的差值，或，第一时机和第二时机之间的偏差可为第一时机的结束时刻和第二时机的结束时刻之间的差值，或，第一时机和第二时机之间的偏差可为该第一时机的结束时刻和该第二时机的起始时刻之间的差值，具体在本实施例中不做限定。The deviation between the first opportunity and the second opportunity shown in this embodiment may be the difference between the starting time of the first opportunity and the starting time of the second opportunity, or the difference between the first opportunity and the second opportunity. The deviation between can be the difference between the end time of the first opportunity and the end time of the second opportunity, or the deviation between the first opportunity and the second opportunity can be the end time of the first opportunity and the end time of the second opportunity. The difference between the starting moments of the opportunities is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
在第一时机和第二时机之间的偏差大于或等于预设阈值的情况下，则说明该第一终端设备对该峰值帧出现的时机的调整不符合MEP的需求，为避免网络出现拥塞，则MEP再次向第一终端设备发送后续流量调整指令。If the deviation between the first timing and the second timing is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, it means that the adjustment of the timing of the peak frame by the first terminal device does not meet the needs of the MEP. In order to avoid network congestion, Then the MEP sends subsequent traffic adjustment instructions to the first terminal device again.
该后续流量调整指令的说明，请参见实施例一所示的第一流量调整指令的说明，只要该后续流量调整指令能够再次对第一终端设备的峰值帧的出现时机进行调整即可。For the description of the subsequent traffic adjustment instruction, please refer to the description of the first traffic adjustment instruction shown in Embodiment 1, as long as the subsequent traffic adjustment instruction can adjust the occurrence timing of the peak frame of the first terminal device again.
步骤914、MEP向第一终端设备发送后续流量调整指令。Step 914: The MEP sends subsequent traffic adjustment instructions to the first terminal device.
步骤915、第一终端设备接收来自MEP的后续流量调整指令。Step 915: The first terminal device receives subsequent traffic adjustment instructions from the MEP.
步骤916、第一终端设备根据后续流量调整指令向UPF发送数据包。Step 916: The first terminal device sends the data packet to the UPF according to the subsequent traffic adjustment instruction.
本实施例所示的步骤914至步骤916的执行过程的说明，请参见步骤906至步骤908的执行过程的说明，具体在本实施例中不做赘述。For description of the execution process of steps 914 to 916 shown in this embodiment, please refer to the description of the execution process of step 906 to step 908, which will not be described again in this embodiment.
本实施例所示的MEP所执行的功能，还可由UPF执行，或由图1所示的核心网所包括的任一网元执行，具体在本实施例中不做赘述。The functions performed by the MEP shown in this embodiment can also be performed by the UPF, or by any network element included in the core network shown in Figure 1, and details will not be described in this embodiment.
采用本实施例所示的方法，MEP在将流量调整指令发送给第一终端设备后，还能够通过检测第一时机和第二时机的偏差的方式，确定第一终端设备根据流量调整执行所调整的时机是否能够有效地避免网络拥塞，从而有效地避免网络拥塞的出现，提高了对各个终端设备向UPF所传输的各个峰值帧所出现的时机的调整的准确性。Using the method shown in this embodiment, after the MEP sends the flow adjustment instruction to the first terminal device, it can also determine that the first terminal device performs the adjustment according to the flow adjustment by detecting the deviation between the first timing and the second timing. Whether the timing can effectively avoid network congestion, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of network congestion, and improving the accuracy of adjusting the timing of each peak frame transmitted by each terminal device to the UPF.
实施例三Embodiment 3
基于图1所示的通信系统，以下结合图10所示对本实施例所提供的数据传输的方法的执行过程进行示例性说明，其中，图10为本申请所提供的数据传输的方法的第三种实施例步骤流程图。Based on the communication system shown in Figure 1, the execution process of the data transmission method provided by this embodiment is illustrated below in conjunction with Figure 10, where Figure 10 is the third step of the data transmission method provided by this application. A flow chart of steps of an embodiment.
步骤1001、UPF接收来自多个终端设备各自的数据包。Step 1001: UPF receives data packets from multiple terminal devices.
本实施例所示的步骤1001至1001的执行过程，请详见图2所示的步骤201至步骤201所示，具体执行过程不做赘述。For the execution process of steps 1001 to 1001 shown in this embodiment, please refer to steps 201 to 201 shown in Figure 2 for details, and the specific execution process will not be described again.
步骤1002、UPF向MEP传输多个终端设备各自的数据包。Step 1002: The UPF transmits data packets of multiple terminal devices to the MEP.
本实施例所示的UPF将来自多个终端设备各自的数据包转发至MEP。The UPF shown in this embodiment forwards data packets from multiple terminal devices to the MEP.
步骤1003、MEP获取统计信息。Step 1003. The MEP obtains statistical information.
本实施例所示的MEP获取统计信息的具体过程的说明，请参见图2所示的步骤202所示的UPF获取统计信息的具体过程的说明，具体执行过程在本实施例中不做赘述。For a description of the specific process of the MEP obtaining statistical information shown in this embodiment, please refer to the description of the specific process of the UPF obtaining statistical information shown in step 202 shown in Figure 2. The specific execution process will not be described again in this embodiment.
步骤1004、MEP获取多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息。Step 1004: The MEP obtains traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices.
步骤1005、MEP判断多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息是否满足拥塞条件，若是，则执行步骤1006，若否，则返回执行步骤1004。Step 1005: The MEP determines whether the traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices meets the congestion condition. If yes, step 1006 is executed. If not, step 1004 is returned to execution.
步骤1006、MEP向第一终端设备发送流量调整指令。Step 1006: The MEP sends a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.
步骤1007、第一终端设备接收来自MEP的流量调整指令。Step 1007: The first terminal device receives the traffic adjustment instruction from the MEP.
步骤1008、第一终端设备根据流量调整指令向UPF发送数据包。Step 1008: The first terminal device sends the data packet to the UPF according to the traffic adjustment instruction.
本实施例所示的步骤1006至步骤1008的执行过程的说明，请参见步骤206至步骤208的说明，具体不做赘述。For description of the execution process of step 1006 to step 1008 shown in this embodiment, please refer to the description of step 206 to step 208, and details will not be described again.
对比于实施例一和实施例三所示可知，在实施例一中，由UPF根据已接收到的数据包获取统计信息，而本实施例所示的直接由MEP获取统计信息，UPF只需要将来自多个终端设备各自的数据包传输至MEP即可。Comparing Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 3, it can be seen that in Embodiment 1, UPF obtains statistical information based on received data packets, while in this embodiment, MEP obtains statistical information directly, and UPF only needs to Data packets from multiple terminal devices can be transmitted to the MEP.
本实施例所示的MEP所执行的功能，也可由图1所示的核心网所包括的任一网元执行，具体在本实施例中不做限定。The functions performed by the MEP shown in this embodiment can also be performed by any network element included in the core network shown in Figure 1, and are not specifically limited in this embodiment.
本实施例所示的有益效果的说明，请详见上述实施例一所示，具体在本实施例中不做赘述。For detailed description of the beneficial effects shown in this embodiment, please refer to the above-mentioned Embodiment 1, and details will not be described in this embodiment.
实施例四Embodiment 4
基于图1所示的通信系统，以下结合图11所示对本实施例所提供的数据传输的方法的执行过程进行示例性说明，其中，图11为本申请所提供的数据传输的方法的第四种实施例步骤流程图。Based on the communication system shown in Figure 1, the execution process of the data transmission method provided by this embodiment is illustrated below in conjunction with Figure 11, where Figure 11 is the fourth step of the data transmission method provided by this application. A flow chart of steps of an embodiment.
步骤1101、UPF接收来自多个终端设备各自的数据包。Step 1101: UPF receives data packets from multiple terminal devices.
步骤1102、UPF获取多个终端设备各自的统计信息。Step 1102: UPF obtains statistical information of multiple terminal devices.
本实施例所示的步骤1101至步骤1102的执行过程的说明，请参见图2所示的步骤201至步骤203所示的执行过程的说明，具体不做赘述。For description of the execution process of steps 1101 to 1102 shown in this embodiment, please refer to the description of the execution process of step 201 to step 203 shown in Figure 2, and details will not be described again.
步骤1103、UPF获取多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息。Step 1103: UPF obtains traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices.
步骤1104、UPF判断多个终端设备各自的流量传输信息是否满足拥塞条件，若是，则执行步骤1105，若否，则返回执行步骤1103。Step 1104: The UPF determines whether the traffic transmission information of multiple terminal devices meets the congestion condition. If yes, step 1105 is executed. If not, step 1103 is returned to execution.
步骤1105、UPF向第一终端设备发送流量调整指令。Step 1105: The UPF sends a traffic adjustment instruction to the first terminal device.
本实施例所示的UPF执行步骤1103至步骤1105的过程的说明，请参见图2所示的MEP执行步骤204至步骤206的过程的说明，具体执行过程不做赘述。For a description of the process of executing steps 1103 to 1105 by the UPF in this embodiment, please refer to the description of the process of executing steps 204 to 206 of the MEP shown in Figure 2. The specific execution process will not be described again.
步骤1106、第一终端设备接收来自UPF的流量调整指令。Step 1106: The first terminal device receives the traffic adjustment instruction from the UPF.
步骤1107、第一终端设备根据流量调整指令向UPF发送数据包。Step 1107: The first terminal device sends the data packet to the UPF according to the traffic adjustment instruction.
本实施例所示的UPF执行步骤1106至步骤1107的执行过程的说明，请参见图2所示的步骤207至步骤208所示的MEP执行过程的说明，具体执行过程在本实施例中不做赘述。For an explanation of the execution process of UPF execution steps 1106 to 1107 shown in this embodiment, please refer to the description of the MEP execution process shown in step 207 to step 208 shown in Figure 2. The specific execution process is not included in this embodiment. Repeat.
本实施例所示的有益效果的说明，请详见上述实施例一所示，具体在本实施例中不做赘述。For detailed description of the beneficial effects shown in this embodiment, please refer to the above-mentioned Embodiment 1, and details will not be described in this embodiment.
实施例五Embodiment 5
本实施例结合图12所示对执行上述数据传输的方法的网络设备的结构进行说明：本实施例所示的网络设备可为上述实施例所示的UPF或MEP。This embodiment describes the structure of a network device that performs the above data transmission method as shown in FIG. 12: the network device shown in this embodiment can be the UPF or MEP shown in the above embodiment.
电子设备1200具体包括：处理单元1201和收发单元1202，其中，处理单元1201与收发单元1202连接。The electronic device 1200 specifically includes: a processing unit 1201 and a transceiver unit 1202, where the processing unit 1201 is connected to the transceiver unit 1202.
若本实施例所示的电子设备1200为UPF，则处理单元1201用于执行实施例一至实施例四中，任一实施例中由UPF执行的处理功能。收发单元1202用于执行实施例一至实施例四中，任一实施例中由UPF执行的收发功能。If the electronic device 1200 shown in this embodiment is a UPF, the processing unit 1201 is configured to perform the processing functions performed by the UPF in any one of Embodiments 1 to 4. The transceiver unit 1202 is configured to perform the transceiver function performed by the UPF in any one of Embodiments 1 to 4.
若本实施例所示的电子设备1200为MEP，则处理单元1201用于执行实施例一至实施例四中，任一实施例中由MEP执行的处理功能。收发单元1202用于执行实施例一至实施例四中，任一实施例中由MEP执行的收发功能。If the electronic device 1200 shown in this embodiment is a MEP, the processing unit 1201 is configured to perform the processing functions performed by the MEP in any one of Embodiments 1 to 4. The transceiver unit 1202 is configured to perform the transceiver function performed by the MEP in any one of the first to fourth embodiments.
若本实施例所示的电子设备1200为终端设备，则处理单元1201用于执行实施例一至实施例四中，任一实施例中由终端设备执行的处理功能。收发单元1202用于执行实施例一至实施例四中，任一实施例中由终端设备执行的收发功能。If the electronic device 1200 shown in this embodiment is a terminal device, the processing unit 1201 is configured to perform the processing functions performed by the terminal device in any one of Embodiments 1 to 4. The transceiver unit 1202 is configured to perform the transceiver function performed by the terminal device in any of the first to fourth embodiments.
实施例六Embodiment 6
本实施例结合图13所示，从实体硬件角度，对执行上述数据传输的方法的电子设备的结构进行说明，本实施例所示的电子设备可为用于执行上述实施例一至实施例四所示的UPF、MEP或终端设备。This embodiment illustrates the structure of an electronic device that performs the above data transmission method from the perspective of physical hardware as shown in FIG. 13 . The electronic device shown in this embodiment can be used to perform the above-described first to fourth embodiments. UPF, MEP or terminal equipment shown.
电子设备具体包括：处理器1301、存储器1302、总线1303、收发器1304以及网络接口1306。The electronic device specifically includes: a processor 1301, a memory 1302, a bus 1303, a transceiver 1304 and a network interface 1306.
具体的，存储器1302可以包括以易失性和/或非易失性存储器形式的计算机存储媒体，如只读存储器和/或随机存取存储器。存储器1302可以存储操作系统、应用程序、其他程序模块、可执行代码和程序数据。Specifically, memory 1302 may include computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory and/or random access memory. Memory 1302 may store an operating system, application programs, other program modules, executable code, and program data.
收发器1304可以用于向电子设备输入命令和信息，该收发器1304可以通过总线1303连接至处理器1301。收发器1304还可以用于电子设备输出信息，例如所选定的占位服务器和/或占位虚拟机。A transceiver 1304 may be used to input commands and information to the electronic device, and the transceiver 1304 may be connected to the processor 1301 via a bus 1303 . The transceiver 1304 may also be used to output information to electronic devices, such as selected placeholder servers and/or placeholder virtual machines.
电子设备可以通过网络接口1306连接到通信网络中，在联网环境下，电子设备中存储的计算机执行指令可以存储在远程存储设备中，而不限于在本地存储。The electronic device can be connected to the communication network through the network interface 1306. In a networking environment, the computer execution instructions stored in the electronic device can be stored in a remote storage device, and are not limited to local storage.
当电子设备中的处理器1301执行存储器1302中存储的可执行代码或应用程序时，电 子设备可以执行以上方法实施例中的任一侧的方法操作，具体执行过程参见上述方法实施例，在此不再赘述。When the processor 1301 in the electronic device executes the executable code or application program stored in the memory 1302, the electronic device can perform the method operations on any side of the above method embodiments. For the specific execution process, please refer to the above method embodiments, here No longer.
以上所述，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。As mentioned above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the foregoing. The technical solutions described in each embodiment may be modified, or some of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; however, these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to depart from the scope of the technical solutions of each embodiment of the present invention.
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