技术领域Technical field
本申请涉及脉冲光纤激光技术领域，尤其涉及一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置及方法。The present application relates to the field of pulsed fiber laser technology, and in particular to a laser pulse train time-domain topography modulation device and method.
背景技术Background technique
脉冲串模式激光，指时域上具有一定脉冲包络形貌，包络内部脉冲数目可调的脉冲序列。该模式激光因具有更低的热效应和更高的加工效率，已经在材料精细加工领域展现出卓越的优势。除此之外，激光脉冲串在空间烧蚀推进、流体测量、高速成像诊断、高速光通信、激光测距等众多领域也具有重要的应用价值。Pulse train mode laser refers to a pulse sequence with a certain pulse envelope morphology in the time domain and an adjustable number of pulses inside the envelope. This mode of laser has shown outstanding advantages in the field of fine material processing due to its lower thermal effect and higher processing efficiency. In addition, laser pulse trains also have important application value in many fields such as space ablation propulsion, fluid measurement, high-speed imaging diagnosis, high-speed optical communications, and laser ranging.
目前获得大能量激光脉冲串的方法主要是固体放大技术和光纤放大技术，但由于增益饱和效应，脉冲串时域包络在放大过程中发生形貌畸变，降低了激光系统的非线性阈值，阻碍输出能量的提升。同时，放大器前端器件可能受损，影响系统的稳定性。因此，为了减弱增益饱和对放大过程的不利影响，在对激光脉冲串放大之前必须对脉冲串时域形貌进行调制。所以如何实现对脉冲串时域形貌的调制已成为目前亟需解决的问题。The current methods to obtain high-energy laser pulse trains are mainly solid amplification technology and fiber amplification technology. However, due to the gain saturation effect, the time domain envelope of the pulse train undergoes morphological distortion during the amplification process, which reduces the nonlinear threshold of the laser system and hinders Improvement of output energy. At the same time, the front-end components of the amplifier may be damaged, affecting the stability of the system. Therefore, in order to weaken the adverse effect of gain saturation on the amplification process, the time domain shape of the pulse train must be modulated before amplifying the laser pulse train. Therefore, how to modulate the time domain shape of the pulse train has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述问题，本申请提供了一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置及方法。In order to solve the above problems, this application provides a laser pulse train time domain topography modulation device and method.
根据本申请实施例的第一方面，提供了一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置，该装置包括激光源、控制模块、增益补偿循环模块和光纤耦合器；其中：According to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a laser pulse train time-domain topography modulation device is provided. The device includes a laser source, a control module, a gain compensation cycle module and an optical fiber coupler; wherein:
所述激光源，用于产生待调制的初始激光脉冲串；The laser source is used to generate an initial laser pulse train to be modulated;
所述控制模块，用于发出控制所述增益补偿循环模块的工作状态的射频信号，并将其输送至所述增益补偿循环模块；其中，所述射频信号与所述初始激光脉冲串的包络信号时域相匹配；The control module is used to send out a radio frequency signal that controls the working state of the gain compensation cycle module and transmit it to the gain compensation cycle module; wherein the radio frequency signal and the envelope of the initial laser pulse train Signal time domain matching;
所述增益补偿循环模块，用于提升所述第一激光脉冲串中的各个子脉冲的能量，并使提升能量后的子脉冲与所述初始激光脉冲串中对应的子脉冲在时域上重合；其中，所述第一激光脉冲串为光纤耦合器输送至所述增益补偿循环模块的脉冲串；The gain compensation cycle module is used to increase the energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train, and make the sub-pulses with increased energy coincide with the corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain. ; Wherein, the first laser pulse train is a pulse train delivered to the gain compensation cycle module by an optical fiber coupler;
所述光纤耦合器，用于将各个叠加后的子脉冲按照预设的耦合比进行耦合，输出所述第一激光脉冲串和调制后的第二激光脉冲串；其中，所述叠加后的子脉冲为所述增益补偿循环模块输出的子脉冲与所述初始激光脉冲串中对应的子脉冲叠加后得到的。The optical fiber coupler is used to couple each superimposed sub-pulse according to a preset coupling ratio, and output the first laser pulse train and the modulated second laser pulse train; wherein, the superimposed sub-pulses The pulse is obtained by superposing the sub-pulse output by the gain compensation cycle module and the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train.
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述光纤耦合器包括第一输入端、第二输入端、第一输出端和第二输出端；其中，所述第一输入端与所述激光源连接，所述第二输入端与所述增益补偿循环模块的输出端连接，所述第一输出端用于输出所述第二激光脉冲串，所述第二输出端与所述增益补偿循环模块的输入端连接。In some embodiments of the present application, the optical fiber coupler includes a first input end, a second input end, a first output end and a second output end; wherein the first input end is connected to the laser source, The second input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the gain compensation cycle module, the first output terminal is used to output the second laser pulse train, and the second output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the gain compensation cycle module. end connection.
作为一种可能的实施方式，所述增益补偿循环模块包括光纤放大器、光学传输延迟结构和光学调制开关；其中：As a possible implementation, the gain compensation loop module includes a fiber amplifier, an optical transmission delay structure and an optical modulation switch; wherein:
所述光纤放大器，用于提升所述第一激光脉冲串中各个子脉冲的能量；所述光纤放大器的输入端与所述光纤耦合器的输出端连接；The optical fiber amplifier is used to increase the energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train; the input end of the optical fiber amplifier is connected to the output end of the optical fiber coupler;
所述光学传输延迟结构，用于延长增益补偿循环模块的整体光学长度，以实现光学传输时间的延迟，使所述提升能量后的子脉冲与所述初始激光脉冲中对应的子脉冲在时域上重合；所述光学传输延迟结构的输入端与所述光纤放大器的输出端连接；The optical transmission delay structure is used to extend the overall optical length of the gain compensation cycle module to realize the delay of the optical transmission time, so that the sub-pulse after the energy increase and the corresponding sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse are in the time domain. overlap; the input end of the optical transmission delay structure is connected to the output end of the optical fiber amplifier;
所述光学调制开关，用于基于所述射频信号，控制输出端的开关状态；所述光学调制开关的输入端与所述光学传输延迟结构的输出端连接，且所述光学调制开关的输出端与所述光纤耦合器的输入端连接。The optical modulation switch is used to control the switching state of the output end based on the radio frequency signal; the input end of the optical modulation switch is connected to the output end of the optical transmission delay structure, and the output end of the optical modulation switch is connected to The input end of the optical fiber coupler is connected.
作为另一种可能的实施方式，所述增益补偿循环模块还包括：As another possible implementation, the gain compensation loop module further includes:
光纤隔离器，用于使所述第一激光脉冲串在所述增益补偿循环模块中单向传输；所述光纤隔离器的输入端与所述光纤耦合器的输出端连接，所述光纤隔离器的输出端与所述光纤放大器的输入端连接。An optical fiber isolator, used for unidirectional transmission of the first laser pulse train in the gain compensation cycle module; the input end of the optical fiber isolator is connected to the output end of the optical fiber coupler, and the optical fiber isolator The output end is connected to the input end of the fiber amplifier.
作为一种示例，所述光学传输延迟结构包括无源匹配光纤和可调光学延迟线；其中：As an example, the optical transmission delay structure includes passive matching optical fibers and adjustable optical delay lines; where:
所述无源匹配光纤，用于补足所述增益补偿循环模块的光学传输时间延迟所需的光学长度；The passive matching optical fiber is used to supplement the optical length required for the optical transmission time delay of the gain compensation loop module;
所述可调光学延迟线，用于精确调整增益补偿循环模块的光学长度。The adjustable optical delay line is used to accurately adjust the optical length of the gain compensation loop module.
在本申请的一些实施例中，所述光学调制开关为光学调制器件或者声光调制器件。In some embodiments of the present application, the optical modulation switch is an optical modulation device or an acousto-optic modulation device.
作为一种可能的实施方式，所述控制模块包括光电探测器和射频信号发生器，其中：As a possible implementation, the control module includes a photodetector and a radio frequency signal generator, where:
所述光电探测器，用于将接收到的所述初始激光脉冲串信号转换为电信号，并将所述电信号传输至所述射频信号发生器；所述光电探测器的输入端与所述激光源连接，所述光电探测器的输出端与所述射频信号发生器的输入端连接；The photodetector is used to convert the received initial laser pulse train signal into an electrical signal, and transmit the electrical signal to the radio frequency signal generator; the input end of the photodetector is connected to the The laser source is connected, and the output end of the photoelectric detector is connected to the input end of the radio frequency signal generator;
所述射频信号发生器，用于基于所述电信号，发出所述射频信号，并将其输送至所述光学调制开关。The radio frequency signal generator is used to emit the radio frequency signal based on the electrical signal and deliver it to the optical modulation switch.
在本申请的另一些实施例中，所述控制模块发出的射频信号与目标形貌相匹配。In other embodiments of the present application, the radio frequency signal emitted by the control module matches the target topography.
根据本申请实施例的第二方面，提供了一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制方法，应用于上述第一方面所述的激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置，包括：According to the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a laser pulse train time domain topography modulation method is provided, which is applied to the laser pulse train time domain topography modulation device described in the first aspect, including:
基于激光源，产生初始激光脉冲串；Based on the laser source, generate an initial laser pulse train;
基于控制模块，发出控制增益补偿循环模块的工作状态的射频信号，并将其输送至所述增益补偿循环模块；其中，所述射频信号与所述初始激光脉冲串的包络信号时域相匹配；Based on the control module, a radio frequency signal that controls the working state of the gain compensation cycle module is sent and transmitted to the gain compensation cycle module; wherein the radio frequency signal matches the envelope signal time domain of the initial laser pulse train ;
基于所述增益补偿循环模块，提升第一激光脉冲串中的各个子脉冲的能量，并使提升能量后的子脉冲与所述初始激光脉冲串中对应的子脉冲在时域上重合；其中，所述第一激光脉冲串为光纤耦合器输送至所述增益补偿循环模块的脉冲串；Based on the gain compensation cycle module, the energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train is increased, and the sub-pulses with increased energy coincide with the corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain; wherein, The first laser pulse train is a pulse train delivered to the gain compensation cycle module by the optical fiber coupler;
基于所述光纤耦合器，将各个叠加后的子脉冲按照预设的耦合比进行耦合，输出所述第一激光脉冲串和调制后的第二激光脉冲串；其中，所述叠加后的子脉冲为所述增益补偿循环模块输出的子脉冲与所述初始激光脉冲串中对应的子脉冲叠加后得到的。Based on the optical fiber coupler, each superimposed sub-pulse is coupled according to a preset coupling ratio, and the first laser pulse train and the modulated second laser pulse train are output; wherein, the superimposed sub-pulses It is obtained by superposing the sub-pulses output by the gain compensation cycle module and the corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse train.
其中，控制模块发出的射频信号与目标形貌相对应。Among them, the radio frequency signal sent by the control module corresponds to the target shape.
根据本申请的技术方案，通过增益补偿循环模块来提升光纤耦合器输出的脉冲串中各个子脉冲的能量，并使提升能量后的子脉冲与激光源发出的初始激光脉冲串中对应的子脉冲在时域上重合，叠加后的子脉冲由光纤耦合器按照预设的耦合比分为两路，一路继续输入至增益补偿循环模块，另一路直接作为调制后的脉冲串输出。本方案利用增益补偿循环模块中的增益补偿和脉冲时域叠加，对包络内各个子脉冲的能量进行逐个调控，从而实现激光脉冲串时域的形貌调制，同时极大地降低调制过程中的能量损耗。According to the technical solution of the present application, the energy of each sub-pulse in the pulse train output by the fiber coupler is increased through the gain compensation cycle module, and the energy-increased sub-pulses are compared with the corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse train emitted by the laser source. Overlapping in the time domain, the superimposed sub-pulses are divided into two channels by the fiber coupler according to the preset coupling ratio. One channel is continuously input to the gain compensation loop module, and the other channel is directly output as a modulated pulse train. This solution uses the gain compensation and pulse time domain superposition in the gain compensation loop module to regulate the energy of each sub-pulse within the envelope one by one, thereby achieving the topography modulation of the laser pulse train in the time domain, while greatly reducing the interference during the modulation process. Energy loss.
本申请附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
附图说明Description of the drawings
本申请上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
图1为本申请实施例所提供的一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置的结构框图；Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of a laser pulse train time-domain topography modulation device provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例的激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置中各种信号的时序图；Figure 2 is a timing diagram of various signals in the laser pulse train time domain topography modulation device according to the embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请实施例所提供的另一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置的结构框图；Figure 3 is a structural block diagram of another laser pulse train time domain topography modulation device provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请实施例所提供的激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置的调制原理图；Figure 4 is a modulation principle diagram of the laser pulse train time domain topography modulation device provided by the embodiment of the present application;
图5为本申请实施例所提供的又一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置的结构框图；Figure 5 is a structural block diagram of yet another laser pulse train time domain topography modulation device provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图6为本申请实施例所提供的激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置可调制的形貌示例图；Figure 6 is an example diagram of the topography that can be modulated by the laser pulse train time domain topography modulation device provided by the embodiment of the present application;
图7为本申请实施例所提供的一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制方法的流程图。Figure 7 is a flow chart of a laser pulse train time domain topography modulation method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, but should not be construed as limiting the present application.
需要说明的是，脉冲串模式激光，指时域上具有一定脉冲包络形貌，包络内部脉冲数目可调的脉冲序列。该模式激光因具有更低的热效应和更高的加工效率，已经在材料精细加工领域展现出卓越的优势。除此之外，激光脉冲串在空间烧蚀推进、流体测量、高速成像诊断、高速光通信、激光测距等众多领域也具有重要的应用价值。It should be noted that pulse train mode laser refers to a pulse sequence with a certain pulse envelope morphology in the time domain and an adjustable number of pulses within the envelope. This mode of laser has shown outstanding advantages in the field of fine material processing due to its lower thermal effect and higher processing efficiency. In addition, laser pulse trains also have important application value in many fields such as space ablation propulsion, fluid measurement, high-speed imaging diagnosis, high-speed optical communications, and laser ranging.
目前获得大能量激光脉冲串的方法主要是固体放大技术和光纤放大技术，但由于增益饱和效应，脉冲串时域包络在放大过程中发生形貌畸变，降低了激光系统的非线性阈值，阻碍输出能量的提升。同时，放大器前端器件可能受损，影响系统的稳定性。因此，为了减弱增益饱和对放大过程的不利影响，在对激光脉冲串放大之前可以对脉冲串时域形貌进行调制。所以如何实现对脉冲串时域形貌的调制已成为目前亟需解决的问题。The current methods to obtain high-energy laser pulse trains are mainly solid amplification technology and fiber amplification technology. However, due to the gain saturation effect, the time domain envelope of the pulse train undergoes morphological distortion during the amplification process, which reduces the nonlinear threshold of the laser system and hinders Improvement of output energy. At the same time, the front-end components of the amplifier may be damaged, affecting the stability of the system. Therefore, in order to weaken the adverse impact of gain saturation on the amplification process, the time domain shape of the pulse train can be modulated before amplifying the laser pulse train. Therefore, how to modulate the time domain shape of the pulse train has become an urgent problem that needs to be solved.
在相关技术中，光学调制技术是实现脉冲串时域形貌可编辑的主流方式，即通过改变模拟驱动信号的时域波形，来控制激光系统中光学调制开关对不同光脉冲的衍射效率，从而调控脉冲串时域形貌。该方法本质上是调节光学损耗的大小，而且器件本身的插损较大，导致调制后的脉冲串能量大幅度降低，因此需要多级放大才能实现大能量脉冲串输出，增加了激光系统设计和搭建的复杂性。另外，受光学调制开关及驱动器的上升/下降时间限制，对于串内子脉冲重复频率较高(GHz量级)的脉冲串模式，在调制过程中时域包络前后沿脉冲会遭受更大的能量损耗，且难以实现形貌精确控制。Among related technologies, optical modulation technology is the mainstream way to achieve editable time-domain shape of pulse trains. That is, by changing the time-domain waveform of the analog driving signal, the diffraction efficiency of the optical modulation switch in the laser system for different light pulses is controlled, thereby Control the time domain shape of the pulse train. This method essentially adjusts the size of the optical loss, and the insertion loss of the device itself is large, resulting in a significant reduction in the energy of the modulated pulse train. Therefore, multi-level amplification is required to achieve high-energy pulse train output, which increases the complexity of laser system design and The complexity of the build. In addition, due to the rise/fall time limitations of optical modulation switches and drivers, for pulse train modes with higher sub-pulse repetition frequencies (GHz level) within the train, the front and rear edge pulses of the time domain envelope will suffer greater energy during the modulation process. loss, and it is difficult to achieve precise control of morphology.
为了解决上述问题，本申请提供了一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置及方法。In order to solve the above problems, this application provides a laser pulse train time domain topography modulation device and method.
图1为本申请实施例所提供的一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置的结构框图。如图1所示，该装置包括激光源101、控制模块102、增益补偿循环模块103和光纤耦合器104。其中，激光源101与光纤耦合器104的输入端连接，光纤耦合器104的输入端和输出端均与增益补偿循环模块103连接，控制模块102与激光源101和增益补偿循环模块103连接。Figure 1 is a structural block diagram of a laser pulse train time domain topography modulation device provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, the device includes a laser source 101, a control module 102, a gain compensation cycle module 103 and an optical fiber coupler 104. Among them, the laser source 101 is connected to the input end of the fiber coupler 104, the input end and the output end of the fiber coupler 104 are both connected to the gain compensation cycle module 103, and the control module 102 is connected to the laser source 101 and the gain compensation cycle module 103.
在本申请的一些实施例中，激光源101用于产生待调制的初始激光脉冲串。激光源101可以为光纤耦合输出的半导体激光器，也可以为固体激光器或者全光纤激光器，输出的光脉冲为脉冲串模式，即时域上具有一定包络形貌，且包络内部脉冲数目可调的脉冲序列。其中，时域包络的重复频率可以为kHz至MHz量级，时间宽度为ns至ms量级，包络内子脉冲的重复频率可以为MHz至GHz量级，脉冲宽度为ps至fs量级，包络内各个子脉冲的能量相等。In some embodiments of the present application, the laser source 101 is used to generate an initial laser pulse train to be modulated. The laser source 101 can be a fiber-coupled semiconductor laser, or a solid laser or an all-fiber laser. The output light pulses are in pulse train mode, that is, they have a certain envelope morphology in the domain and the number of pulses inside the envelope is adjustable. pulse sequence. Among them, the repetition frequency of the time domain envelope can be on the order of kHz to MHz, the time width can be on the order of ns to ms, the repetition frequency of the sub-pulses within the envelope can be on the order of MHz to GHz, and the pulse width can be on the order of ps to fs. The energy of each sub-pulse within the envelope is equal.
作为一种示例，激光源101可以为1064nm的皮秒脉冲串激光源，单模光纤耦合输出，光纤芯径6μm，平均输出功率最高200mW。产生的脉冲串包络时间宽度tB在5ns-1μs范围内可调，包络的重复频率fB在100kHz-1MHz范围内可调；包络内子脉冲的重复频率fp为1MHz～1GHz可调，子脉冲个数N可以调节，调节范围为5～1000个。As an example, the laser source 101 can be a 1064 nm picosecond pulse train laser source, coupled to a single-mode fiber output, with a fiber core diameter of 6 μm and an average output power of up to 200 mW. The envelope time width tB of the generated pulse train is adjustable in the range of 5ns-1μs, and the repetition frequency fB of the envelope is adjustable in the range 100kHz-1MHz; the repetition frequencyfp of the sub-pulses in the envelope is adjustable from 1MHz to 1GHz. , the number of sub-pulses N can be adjusted, and the adjustment range is 5 to 1000.
在本申请的一些实施例中，控制模块102用于发出控制增益补偿循环模块103的工作状态的射频信号，并将其输送至增益补偿循环模块103；其中，射频信号与初始激光脉冲串的包络信号时域相匹配。控制模块102接收激光源101发出的初始激光脉冲串，并发出与初始激光脉冲串的包络信号时域相匹配的射频信号，以控制增益补偿循环模块103的工作状态。In some embodiments of the present application, the control module 102 is used to send out a radio frequency signal that controls the working state of the gain compensation cycle module 103 and transmit it to the gain compensation cycle module 103; wherein, the radio frequency signal and the packet of the initial laser pulse train network signal time domain matching. The control module 102 receives the initial laser pulse train emitted by the laser source 101 and sends out a radio frequency signal that matches the time domain of the envelope signal of the initial laser pulse train to control the working state of the gain compensation cycle module 103 .
作为一种示例，控制模块102可以包括光电探测器和射频信号发生器，其中，光电探测器用于激光源101产生的初始激光脉冲串，并将其转化为电信号，并作为时钟信号传输给射频信号发生器；射频信号发生器根据时钟信号，发出用于控制增益补偿循环模块103的工作状态的射频信号。如图2所示，该射频信号可以为高低电平信号，高电平时增益补偿循环模块103开启，低电平时增益补偿循环模块103关闭，且该高低电平信号在时域上与初始激光脉冲串的包络信号相匹配，即射频信号的每个包络信号的开始时间与初始激光脉冲串的包络信号的起始时间一致，且射频信号的每个包络信号的时间宽度与初始激光脉冲串的包络信号的时间宽度一致。As an example, the control module 102 may include a photodetector and a radio frequency signal generator, where the photodetector is used to convert the initial laser pulse train generated by the laser source 101 into an electrical signal and transmit it to the radio frequency signal as a clock signal. Signal generator; the radio frequency signal generator emits a radio frequency signal for controlling the working state of the gain compensation cycle module 103 according to the clock signal. As shown in Figure 2, the radio frequency signal can be a high or low level signal. When the level is high, the gain compensation cycle module 103 is turned on. When the level is low, the gain compensation cycle module 103 is turned off. The high and low level signals are consistent with the initial laser pulse in the time domain. The envelope signals of the series match, that is, the starting time of each envelope signal of the radio frequency signal is consistent with the starting time of the envelope signal of the initial laser pulse train, and the time width of each envelope signal of the radio frequency signal is consistent with that of the initial laser pulse train. The time width of the envelope signal of the pulse train is consistent.
也就是说，通过控制模块102，可以在激光源101中的单个激光脉冲串时域形貌调制完毕后，控制增益补偿循环模块103关闭，在下一个脉冲串发出时，控制增益补偿循环模块103再次打开，通过控制模块102控制增益补偿循环模块循环的开启和关闭，以避免在单个脉冲串调制完毕后，且下一脉冲串还未发出时，增益补充循环模块103中的激光脉冲输出到耦合器，对输出的调制后的脉冲串造成干扰。That is to say, through the control module 102, after the time domain profile of a single laser pulse train in the laser source 101 is modulated, the gain compensation loop module 103 can be controlled to close, and when the next pulse train is sent out, the gain compensation loop module 103 can be controlled again. Open, control the opening and closing of the gain compensation cycle module cycle through the control module 102, so as to prevent the laser pulse in the gain compensation cycle module 103 from being output to the coupler after the modulation of a single pulse train is completed and the next pulse train has not been sent out. , causing interference to the output modulated pulse train.
在本申请的一些实施例中，增益补偿循环模块103用于提升第一激光脉冲串中的各个子脉冲的能量，并使提升能量后的子脉冲与初始激光脉冲串中对应的子脉冲在时域上重合；其中，第一激光脉冲串为光纤耦合器104输送至增益补偿循环模块103的脉冲串；光纤耦合器104用于将各个叠加后的子脉冲按照预设的耦合比进行耦合，输出第一激光脉冲串和调制后的第二激光脉冲串；其中，叠加后的子脉冲为增益补偿循环模块103输出的子脉冲与初始激光脉冲串中对应的子脉冲叠加后得到的。In some embodiments of the present application, the gain compensation loop module 103 is used to increase the energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train, and make the increased-energy sub-pulses be at the same time as the corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse train. Coincidence on the domain; wherein, the first laser pulse train is the pulse train transmitted to the gain compensation cycle module 103 by the fiber coupler 104; the fiber coupler 104 is used to couple each superimposed sub-pulse according to the preset coupling ratio, and output The first laser pulse train and the modulated second laser pulse train; wherein, the superimposed sub-pulses are obtained by superposing the sub-pulses output by the gain compensation cycle module 103 and the corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse train.
作为一种可能的实施方式，光纤耦合器104为2*2型，即两个输入端和两个输出端，分别为第一输入端、第二输入端、第一输出端和第二输出端。其中，第一输入端与激光源101连接，第二输入端与增益补偿循环模块103的输出端连接，第一输出端用于输出第二激光脉冲串，第二输出端与增益补偿循环模块103的输入端连接。As a possible implementation, the optical fiber coupler 104 is a 2*2 type, that is, two input terminals and two output terminals, respectively a first input terminal, a second input terminal, a first output terminal and a second output terminal. . Among them, the first input end is connected to the laser source 101, the second input end is connected to the output end of the gain compensation cycle module 103, the first output end is used to output the second laser pulse train, and the second output end is connected to the gain compensation cycle module 103. input terminal connection.
也就是说，经过增益补偿循环模块103提升能量后的子脉冲与初始激光脉冲串中对应的子脉冲可以在时域上完全重合，所以二者可以直接进行叠加，并将叠加后的子脉冲经过光纤耦合器104分为两路，一路作为调制后的子脉冲直接输出，另一路再次进入增益补偿循环模块103进行能量提升，以调制后续的子脉冲。That is to say, the sub-pulses after the energy is increased by the gain compensation loop module 103 and the corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse train can completely overlap in the time domain, so the two can be directly superimposed, and the superimposed sub-pulses are passed through The optical fiber coupler 104 is divided into two channels, one channel is directly output as a modulated sub-pulse, and the other channel enters the gain compensation cycle module 103 again for energy enhancement to modulate subsequent sub-pulses.
在本申请的一些实施例中，增益补偿循环模块103通过预设的增益来提升对应的子脉冲的能量，同时增益补偿循环模块103可以提供一定的光学长度，产生时间延迟，使提升能量后的子脉冲能与初始激光脉冲串中对应的子脉冲在时域上重合。作为一种实施方式，可以设定增益补偿循环模块103的时间延迟，以使当前提升能量后的子脉冲与初始激光脉冲串中下一个子脉冲在时域上重合。In some embodiments of the present application, the gain compensation loop module 103 increases the energy of the corresponding sub-pulse through a preset gain. At the same time, the gain compensation loop module 103 can provide a certain optical length and generate a time delay, so that the energy after the energy is increased The sub-pulses can coincide in the time domain with the corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse train. As an implementation manner, the time delay of the gain compensation loop module 103 can be set so that the current sub-pulse with increased energy coincides with the next sub-pulse in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain.
作为一种示例，若初始激光脉冲串中包括4个子脉冲，分别为子脉冲1、子脉冲2、子脉冲3、子脉冲4，光纤耦合器104预设的耦合比为50:50，子脉冲1进入光纤耦合器104后，由于此时增益补偿循环模块103还没有输出的子脉冲，所以光纤耦合器104将子脉冲1分为两路，其中一路直接输出，另一路进入增益补偿循环模块103进行能量提升，提升能量后的子脉冲1’可以与初始激光脉冲串中的子脉冲2在时域上完全重合，这样子脉冲1’与子脉冲2在进入光纤耦合器104时进行脉冲叠加，并将其分为两路，一路作为原子脉冲2调制后的脉冲直接输出，另一路继续进入增益补偿循环模块103进行能量提升，以继续对初始激光脉冲串中的子脉冲3进行调制，以此循环，直至子脉冲4调制结束后，增益补偿循环模块103关闭，直至激光源101发出下一个脉冲串时，增益补偿循环模块103再次打开，重复以上过程，如图2所示，得到调制后的第二激光脉冲串的形貌为斜向上型。As an example, if the initial laser pulse train includes four sub-pulses, namely sub-pulse 1, sub-pulse 2, sub-pulse 3, and sub-pulse 4, the preset coupling ratio of the fiber coupler 104 is 50:50. After 1 enters the fiber coupler 104, since the gain compensation cycle module 103 has no sub-pulse output at this time, the fiber coupler 104 divides the sub-pulse 1 into two channels, one of which is directly output, and the other channel enters the gain compensation cycle module 103 The energy is increased. The increased energy sub-pulse 1' can completely overlap with the sub-pulse 2 in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain. In this way, the sub-pulse 1' and the sub-pulse 2 perform pulse superposition when entering the fiber coupler 104. And divide it into two channels, one channel is directly output as the modulated pulse of atomic pulse 2, and the other channel continues to enter the gain compensation cycle module 103 for energy improvement to continue to modulate the sub-pulse 3 in the initial laser pulse train. Cycle until the sub-pulse 4 modulation is completed, the gain compensation cycle module 103 is closed, until the laser source 101 emits the next pulse train, the gain compensation cycle module 103 is opened again, and the above process is repeated. As shown in Figure 2, the modulated The second laser pulse train has an oblique upward shape.
根据本申请实施例的激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置，通过增益补偿循环模块来提升光纤耦合器输出的脉冲串中各个子脉冲的能量，并使提升能量后的子脉冲与激光源发出的初始激光脉冲串中对应的子脉冲在时域上重合，叠加后的子脉冲由光纤耦合器按照预设的耦合比分为两路，一路输入继续输入至增益补偿循环模块，另一路直接作为调制后的脉冲串输出。本方案可以利用增益补偿循环模块的增益补偿和脉冲时域的叠加，对包络内各个子脉冲的能量进行逐个调控，从而实现激光脉冲串时域的形貌调制，同时极大地降低调制过程中的能量损耗。According to the laser pulse train time-domain profile modulation device according to the embodiment of the present application, the energy of each sub-pulse in the pulse train output by the fiber coupler is increased through the gain compensation cycle module, and the energy-increased sub-pulses are compared with the energy emitted by the laser source. The corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse train overlap in the time domain. The superimposed sub-pulses are divided into two channels by the fiber coupler according to the preset coupling ratio. One input channel continues to be input to the gain compensation loop module, and the other channel is directly used as the modulated signal. pulse train output. This solution can use the gain compensation of the gain compensation loop module and the superposition of the pulse time domain to control the energy of each sub-pulse within the envelope one by one, thereby achieving the morphological modulation of the laser pulse train in the time domain, while greatly reducing the time required during the modulation process. energy loss.
图3为本申请实施例所提供的另一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置的结构框图。如图3所示，该装置包括激光源310、控制模块320、增益补偿循环模块330和光纤耦合器340。Figure 3 is a structural block diagram of another laser pulse train time domain topography modulation device provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 3, the device includes a laser source 310, a control module 320, a gain compensation loop module 330 and a fiber coupler 340.
在本申请的一些实施例中，增益补偿循环模块330包括光纤放大器331、光学传输延迟结构332和光学调制开关333。其中，光纤放大器331，用于提升第一激光脉冲串中各个子脉冲的能量；光纤放大器331的输入端与光纤耦合器的输出端连接；光学传输延迟结构332，用于延长增益补偿循环模块的整体光学长度，以实现光学传输时间的延迟，使提升能量后的子脉冲与初始激光脉冲中对应的子脉冲在时域上重合；光学传输延迟结构332的输入端与光纤放大器331的输出端连接；光学调制开关333，用于基于射频信号，控制输出端的开关状态；光学调制开关333的输入端与光学传输延迟结构332的输出端连接，且光学调制开关333的输出端与光纤耦合器340的输入端连接。In some embodiments of the present application, the gain compensation loop module 330 includes a fiber amplifier 331, an optical transmission delay structure 332, and an optical modulation switch 333. Among them, the fiber amplifier 331 is used to increase the energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train; the input end of the fiber amplifier 331 is connected to the output end of the fiber coupler; the optical transmission delay structure 332 is used to extend the gain compensation cycle module. The overall optical length is used to delay the optical transmission time so that the sub-pulses after the energy increase coincide with the corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse in the time domain; the input end of the optical transmission delay structure 332 is connected to the output end of the fiber amplifier 331 ; Optical modulation switch 333, used to control the switching state of the output end based on radio frequency signals; the input end of the optical modulation switch 333 is connected to the output end of the optical transmission delay structure 332, and the output end of the optical modulation switch 333 is connected to the optical fiber coupler 340 Input connection.
作为一种可能的实施方式，光纤放大器331包括泵浦/信号合束器、泵浦光源和增益光纤。泵浦/信号合束器用于将泵浦光和脉冲串信号光耦合进增益光纤中；泵浦光源产生特定能量的光子，为增益光纤提供激励；增益光纤用于实现粒子数反转并提升子脉冲的能量。增益光纤可以为掺Yb、掺Er、掺Ho或者掺Tm的单/双包层光纤，纤芯直径为6～20μm，具体的增益光纤掺杂离子类型、纤芯直径、光纤长度等需针对激光源310输出初始激光脉冲串的波长和脉冲能量作相应匹配。As a possible implementation, the fiber amplifier 331 includes a pump/signal combiner, a pump light source and a gain fiber. The pump/signal combiner is used to couple the pump light and pulse train signal light into the gain fiber; the pump light source generates photons of specific energy to provide excitation for the gain fiber; the gain fiber is used to invert the particle number and enhance the photons. Pulse energy. The gain fiber can be a Yb-doped, Er-doped, Ho-doped or Tm-doped single/double-clad fiber with a core diameter of 6 to 20 μm. The specific gain fiber doping ion type, core diameter, fiber length, etc. need to be specific to the laser. Source 310 outputs an initial laser pulse train whose wavelength and pulse energy are matched accordingly.
其中，泵浦光源可以为光纤耦合输出的半导体激光器，输出模式为连续波或脉冲，输出波长为915nm～1550nm，泵浦方式可以采用正向、反向或双向泵浦，具体的泵浦光参数以及泵浦方式要与激光源310输出初始激光脉冲串和增益光纤参数相匹配，且脉冲泵浦情况下，泵浦脉冲的时间宽度和重复频率要和初始激光脉冲串包络的相应参数相匹配。Among them, the pump light source can be a fiber-coupled semiconductor laser. The output mode is continuous wave or pulse. The output wavelength is 915nm ~ 1550nm. The pumping method can use forward, reverse or bidirectional pumping. The specific pump light parameters And the pumping method must match the initial laser pulse train output by the laser source 310 and the gain fiber parameters, and in the case of pulse pumping, the time width and repetition frequency of the pump pulse must match the corresponding parameters of the initial laser pulse train envelope. .
作为一种可能的实现方式，光学传输延迟结构332包括无源匹配光纤和可调光学延迟线。无源匹配光纤用于补足增益补偿循环模块330的光学传输时间延迟所需的光学长度，可调光学延迟线用于精确调整增益补偿循环模块330的光学长度。其中，无源匹配光纤可以为单/双包层光纤，纤芯直径为6～20μm，具体的光纤纤芯直径、长度等参数需针对初始激光脉冲串的波长和脉冲能量、增益光纤参数、以及脉冲串形貌调制对增益补偿循环系统的长度要求作相应匹配。As a possible implementation, the optical transmission delay structure 332 includes passive matching optical fibers and adjustable optical delay lines. The passive matching optical fiber is used to supplement the optical length required for the optical transmission time delay of the gain compensation loop module 330 , and the adjustable optical delay line is used to accurately adjust the optical length of the gain compensation loop module 330 . Among them, the passive matching fiber can be a single/double-clad fiber with a core diameter of 6 to 20 μm. The specific fiber core diameter, length and other parameters need to be based on the wavelength and pulse energy of the initial laser pulse train, gain fiber parameters, and The pulse train shape modulation requires corresponding matching of the length requirements of the gain compensation loop system.
作为一种示例，可调光学延迟线可以为基于空间干涉仪结构的光纤耦合输出器件，通过千分尺或电机精确控制干涉仪的光程差，从而调节对光学传输延迟。As an example, the tunable optical delay line can be an optical fiber coupling output device based on a spatial interferometer structure. The optical path difference of the interferometer is precisely controlled through a micrometer or motor, thereby adjusting the optical transmission delay.
作为另一种示例，可调光学延迟线还可以为缠绕无源光纤的压电陶瓷，通过电压控制压电陶瓷的伸缩来控制缠绕无源光纤长度的变化，从而调节对光学传输延迟。需要说明的是，可调光学延迟线的调节精度至少达到ps量级。As another example, the tunable optical delay line can also be a piezoelectric ceramic wrapped around a passive optical fiber. The voltage controls the expansion and contraction of the piezoelectric ceramic to control changes in the length of the wrapped passive optical fiber, thereby adjusting the optical transmission delay. It should be noted that the adjustment accuracy of the tunable optical delay line reaches at least ps level.
光学调制开关333可以为光学调制器件或者声光调制器件，光学调制开关333的上升/下降时间不超过15ns，通断消光比大于50dB，以实现快速有效开启和关断。The optical modulation switch 333 can be an optical modulation device or an acousto-optic modulation device. The rise/fall time of the optical modulation switch 333 does not exceed 15 ns, and the on-off extinction ratio is greater than 50 dB to achieve fast and effective turning on and off.
在本申请的一些实施例中，控制模块320包括光电探测器321和射频信号发生器322。其中，光电探测器321，用于将接收到的初始激光脉冲串信号转换为电信号，并将电信号传输至射频信号发生器；光电探测器321的输入端与激光源310连接，光电探测器321的输出端与射频信号发生器322的输入端连接；射频信号发生器322，用于基于电信号，发出射频信号，并将其输送至光学调制开关333。In some embodiments of the present application, the control module 320 includes a photodetector 321 and a radio frequency signal generator 322. Among them, the photodetector 321 is used to convert the received initial laser pulse train signal into an electrical signal, and transmit the electrical signal to the radio frequency signal generator; the input end of the photodetector 321 is connected to the laser source 310, and the photodetector 321 is connected to the laser source 310. The output end of 321 is connected to the input end of the radio frequency signal generator 322; the radio frequency signal generator 322 is used to send out radio frequency signals based on electrical signals and transmit them to the optical modulation switch 333.
作为一种示例，光学调制开关333可以为声光调制器件，该器件的工作频率为200MHz，上升/下降时间为10ns，通断消光比大于50dB。声光调制器件的工作状态基于控制模块320中的射频信号发生器322输出的射频信号来改变。射频信号发生器322输出的射频信号的特点包括：(1)重复频率为f1的视频脉冲序列，为了与声光调制器件的工作频率相匹配，设置f1＝200MHz；(2)信号幅值为3.5V-5V，上升时间为10ns；(3)实现m个重复频率为f1的脉冲序列输出，形成重复频率为f2的脉冲包络序列，且f2与初始激光脉冲串的包络重复频率一致，m个视频脉冲信号的总时间宽度T与初始激光脉冲串的包络时间宽度一致，其中f2＝1MHz，T＝40ns。产生的视频信号作为同步信号输入至光学调制开关，作为驱动信号控制光学调制开关，进而控制增益补偿循环系统的工作状态。As an example, the optical modulation switch 333 can be an acousto-optic modulation device with an operating frequency of 200 MHz, a rise/fall time of 10 ns, and an on-off extinction ratio greater than 50 dB. The working state of the acousto-optic modulation device is changed based on the radio frequency signal output by the radio frequency signal generator 322 in the control module 320. The characteristics of the radio frequency signal output by the radio frequency signal generator 322 include: (1) a video pulse sequence with a repetition frequency of f1. In order to match the operating frequency of the acousto-optic modulation device, f1 =200MHz is set; (2) the signal amplitude is 3.5V-5V, rise time is 10ns; (3) Achieve m pulse sequence output with repetition frequency f1, forming a pulse envelope sequence with repetition frequencyf2 , andf2 is the same as the envelope repetition frequency of the initial laser pulse train Consistent, the total time width T of the m video pulse signals is consistent with the envelope time width of the initial laser pulse train, where f2 =1MHz and T =40ns. The generated video signal is input to the optical modulation switch as a synchronization signal, and is used as a driving signal to control the optical modulation switch, thereby controlling the working state of the gain compensation loop system.
接下来将以示例的形式，针对本申请实施例中的激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置的工作原理进行详细介绍。如图4所示，以单个初始激光脉冲串的调制过程为例进行介绍，该初始激光脉冲串中包括4个子脉冲，从前至后一次为子脉冲a、子脉冲b、子脉冲c、子脉冲d，串内子脉冲重频为100MHz,相邻两个子脉冲之间的时间间隔Δt＝10ns，单个子脉冲能量为E0，脉冲串时间宽度tB＝40ns，脉冲串重复频率fB＝1MHz。光纤耦合器340的耦合比为50:50。子脉冲a从第一输入端进入光纤耦合器340，若不忽略耦合损耗，由光纤耦合器340将其分为两路能力均为E0/2的子脉冲a’，其中一路从第一输出端直接输出，另一路从第二输出端输入到增益补偿循环模块330，不考虑增益补偿循环模块330对不同能力信号脉冲的增益和损耗变化，设置增益补偿循环模块330的放大系数为α(α>1)，则放大后子脉冲a”能量变为αE0/2。Next, the working principle of the laser pulse train time domain topography modulation device in the embodiment of the present application will be introduced in detail in the form of an example. As shown in Figure 4, the modulation process of a single initial laser pulse train is introduced as an example. The initial laser pulse train includes 4 sub-pulses, from front to back, sub-pulse a, sub-pulse b, sub-pulse c, sub-pulse d. The sub-pulse repetition frequency within the train is 100 MHz, the time interval between two adjacent sub-pulses Δt = 10 ns, the energy of a single sub-pulse is E0 , the pulse train time width tB = 40 ns, and the pulse train repetition frequency fB = 1 MHz. The coupling ratio of the fiber coupler 340 is 50:50. The sub-pulse a enters the fiber coupler 340 from the first input end. If the coupling loss is not ignored, the fiber coupler 340 divides it into two sub-pulses a' with capabilities E0 /2, one of which is from the first output terminal is directly output, and the other path is input from the second output terminal to the gain compensation loop module 330. Regardless of the gain and loss changes of the gain compensation loop module 330 for signal pulses with different capabilities, the amplification coefficient of the gain compensation loop module 330 is set to α (α >1), then the amplified sub-pulse a” energy becomes αE0 /2.
通过设计光学传输延迟结构332，使得整个增益补偿循环模块330的传输时间ΔT＝Δt＝10ns，对应增益补偿循环模块330的光学长度为ΔL＝c·ΔT/n＝2m。这样经过一次增益补偿循环后的子脉冲a”通过第二输出端进入光纤耦合器340，并恰好与入射的初始激光脉冲串内第二个子脉冲b在时域上重合，二者叠加并形成新的子脉冲，再经过耦合器分束后，输出的两路子脉冲b’能量均为(E0+αE0/2)/2，至此一次循环过程结束。By designing the optical transmission delay structure 332, the transmission time of the entire gain compensation loop module 330 is ΔT=Δt=10 ns, and the corresponding optical length of the gain compensation loop module 330 is ΔL=c·ΔT/n=2m. In this way, the sub-pulse a" after a gain compensation cycle enters the fiber coupler 340 through the second output end, and coincides with the second sub-pulse b in the incident initial laser pulse train in the time domain. The two are superimposed and form a new After the sub-pulses are split by the coupler, the energy of the two output sub-pulses b' is (E0 +αE0 /2)/2, and this cycle ends.
而分束后的其中一路子脉冲b’再次进入增益循环模块330，进行第二次循环过程，并得到放大后的子脉冲b”能量为(1+α/2)αE0/2，其与初始激光脉冲串内第三个子脉冲c时域叠加并经光纤耦合器340分束后输出的子脉冲c’能量为[1+(1+α/2)α/2]E0/2。And one of the sub-pulses b' after splitting enters the gain cycle module 330 again to perform the second cycle process, and the energy of the amplified sub-pulses b" is obtained as (1+α/2)αE0 /2, which is equal to The third sub-pulse c in the initial laser pulse train is superimposed in the time domain and split by the fiber coupler 340. The energy of the output sub-pulse c' is [1+(1+α/2)α/2]E0 /2.
同理经过第三次循环后，光纤耦合器340分束输出子脉冲d’能量为{1+[1+(1+α/2)α/2]α/2}E0/2，最终输出的第二激光脉冲串的内各子脉能量从前至后依次增加，即脉冲串时域形貌被调制成上斜线形。在单个激光脉冲串时域形貌调制完毕后，光学调制开关333立即关断，循环过程终止。待激光源310的下一脉冲串发出时，光学调制开关再次打开，循环过程重启。After the third cycle in the same way, the energy of the sub-pulse d' output by the fiber coupler 340 is {1+[1+(1+α/2)α/2]α/2}E0 /2, and the final output The energy of each sub-pulse in the second laser pulse train increases sequentially from front to back, that is, the time domain shape of the pulse train is modulated into an upward slope shape. After the time domain topography of a single laser pulse train is modulated, the optical modulation switch 333 is immediately turned off, and the cycle process is terminated. When the next pulse train of the laser source 310 is emitted, the optical modulation switch is turned on again and the cycle process is restarted.
在本申请的另一些实施例中，增益补偿循环模块还包括光纤隔离器。In other embodiments of the present application, the gain compensation loop module further includes an optical fiber isolator.
图5为本申请实施例所提供的又一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置的结构框图。如图5所示，基于上述实施例，该装置中的增益补偿循环模块330中还包括光纤隔离器501。其中，光纤耦合器340的第二输出端与光纤隔离器501的输入端连接，光纤隔离器501的输出端与光纤放大器331的输入端连接。光纤隔离器501用于使第一激光脉冲串在增益补偿循环模块330中单向传输，以避免反向传输的光损坏激光源，同时保证脉冲循环叠加的有序性和稳定性。该装置中的其他部件的功能及连接方式均与上述实施例一致，此处不再赘述。Figure 5 is a structural block diagram of yet another laser pulse train time-domain topography modulation device provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 5, based on the above embodiment, the gain compensation loop module 330 in the device also includes an optical fiber isolator 501. The second output end of the optical fiber coupler 340 is connected to the input end of the optical fiber isolator 501 , and the output end of the optical fiber isolator 501 is connected to the input end of the optical fiber amplifier 331 . The optical fiber isolator 501 is used to transmit the first laser pulse train in one direction in the gain compensation cycle module 330 to prevent the reversely transmitted light from damaging the laser source, while ensuring the order and stability of pulse cycle superposition. The functions and connection methods of other components in the device are consistent with the above embodiments and will not be described again here.
根据本申请实施例的激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置，增益补偿循环模块中包括光纤放大器、光学传输延迟结构和光学调制开关，使进入到增益补偿循环模块的子脉冲的能量提升，同时通过光学传输延迟结构，使输出的子脉冲能与初始激光脉冲串中的对应的子脉冲在时域上重合，以实现对初始激光子脉冲的形貌调制，同时也可以避免能量的损耗。此外，增益补偿循环模块中的光纤隔离器可以保证脉冲的单向传输，避免反向传输的光对激光源造成损坏。According to the laser pulse train time domain profile modulation device according to the embodiment of the present application, the gain compensation loop module includes a fiber amplifier, an optical transmission delay structure and an optical modulation switch, so that the energy of the sub-pulses entering the gain compensation loop module is increased and at the same time passed The optical transmission delay structure enables the output sub-pulses to coincide with the corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain to achieve modulation of the initial laser sub-pulses while also avoiding energy loss. In addition, the fiber isolator in the gain compensation loop module can ensure the one-way transmission of pulses and avoid damage to the laser source caused by reversely transmitted light.
在本申请的一些实施例中，激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置的控制模块发出的射频信号与目标形貌相匹配。其中，目标形貌为预期调制的形貌。也就是说，控制模块发出的射频信号除了可以为方波信号，以控制增益补偿循环模块的工作状态，还可以为其他模拟调制信号，以控制光学调制开关的开度情况。比如，可以预先设定各种形貌与射频信号的波形的对应关系。如图6所示，可以包括上斜线形、下斜线形、M形、屋顶形等形貌。在实际应用时，可以基于实际需求通过可编辑的逻辑器件来调整射频信号发器的波形，以实现目标形貌的调制，从而可以达到脉冲串包括形貌可编辑的目的。In some embodiments of the present application, the radio frequency signal emitted by the control module of the laser pulse train time domain topography modulation device matches the target topography. Among them, the target topography is the expected modulated topography. That is to say, the radio frequency signal sent by the control module can be not only a square wave signal to control the working state of the gain compensation cycle module, but also other analog modulation signals to control the opening of the optical modulation switch. For example, the corresponding relationship between various topography and the waveform of the radio frequency signal can be preset. As shown in Figure 6, it can include upward slope shape, downward slope shape, M shape, roof shape, etc. In practical applications, the waveform of the radio frequency signal transmitter can be adjusted through editable logic devices based on actual needs to achieve modulation of the target shape, so that the pulse train including the shape can be edited.
为了实现上述实施例，本申请还提供了一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制方法。In order to implement the above embodiments, this application also provides a laser pulse train time domain topography modulation method.
图7为本申请实施例所提供的一种激光脉冲串时域形貌调制方法的流程图。需要说明的是，该方法应用于上述实施例中的激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置。如图7所示，该方法可以包括以下步骤：Figure 7 is a flow chart of a laser pulse train time domain topography modulation method provided by an embodiment of the present application. It should be noted that this method is applied to the laser pulse train time domain topography modulation device in the above embodiment. As shown in Figure 7, the method may include the following steps:
步骤701，基于激光源，产生初始激光脉冲串。Step 701: Generate an initial laser pulse train based on the laser source.
步骤702，基于控制模块，发出控制增益补偿循环模块的工作状态的射频信号，并将其输送至增益补偿循环模块；其中，射频信号与初始激光脉冲串的包络信号时域相匹配。Step 702: Based on the control module, a radio frequency signal is sent to control the working state of the gain compensation cycle module, and is transmitted to the gain compensation cycle module; where the radio frequency signal matches the time domain of the envelope signal of the initial laser pulse train.
步骤703，基于增益补偿循环模块，提升第一激光脉冲串中的各个子脉冲的能量，并使提升能量后的子脉冲与初始激光脉冲串中对应的子脉冲在时域上重合；其中，第一激光脉冲串为光纤耦合器输送至增益补偿循环模块的脉冲串。Step 703: Based on the gain compensation loop module, increase the energy of each sub-pulse in the first laser pulse train, and make the increased-energy sub-pulses coincide with the corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse train in the time domain; wherein, the A laser pulse train is a pulse train delivered to the gain compensation loop module by the optical fiber coupler.
步骤704，基于光纤耦合器，将各个叠加后的子脉冲按照预设的耦合比进行耦合，输出第一激光脉冲串和调制后的第二激光脉冲串；其中，叠加后的子脉冲为增益补偿循环模块输出的子脉冲与初始激光脉冲串中对应的子脉冲叠加后得到的。Step 704: Based on the optical fiber coupler, couple each superimposed sub-pulse according to a preset coupling ratio, and output the first laser pulse train and the modulated second laser pulse train; wherein the superimposed sub-pulses are gain compensation. It is obtained by superposing the sub-pulses output by the cycle module and the corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse train.
在本申请的一些实施例中，控制模块发出的视频信号与目标形貌相对应。In some embodiments of the present application, the video signal sent by the control module corresponds to the target topography.
需要说明的是，前述对激光脉冲串时域形貌调制装置实施例的解释说明也适用于该激光脉冲串时域形貌调制方法实施例，此处不再赘述。It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the embodiment of the laser pulse train time-domain topography modulation device also applies to the embodiment of the laser pulse train time-domain topography modulation method, and will not be described again here.
根据本申请实施例的激光脉冲串时域形貌调制方法，通过增益补偿循环模块来提升光纤耦合器输出的脉冲串中各个子脉冲的能量，并使提升能量后的子脉冲与激光源发出的初始激光脉冲串中对应的子脉冲在时域上重合，叠加后的子脉冲由光纤耦合器按照预设的耦合比分为两路，一路输入继续输入至增益补偿循环模块，另一路直接作为调制后的脉冲串输出。本方案可以利用增益补偿循环模块的增益补偿和脉冲时域的叠加，实现对包络内各个子脉冲的能量进行逐个调控，从而实现激光脉冲串时域的形貌调制，也可以降低调制过程中的能量损耗。According to the laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation method of the embodiment of the present application, the energy of each sub-pulse in the pulse train output by the fiber coupler is increased through the gain compensation cycle module, and the energy-increased sub-pulses are compared with the energy emitted by the laser source. The corresponding sub-pulses in the initial laser pulse train overlap in the time domain. The superimposed sub-pulses are divided into two channels by the fiber coupler according to the preset coupling ratio. One input channel continues to be input to the gain compensation loop module, and the other channel is directly used as the modulated signal. pulse train output. This solution can use the gain compensation of the gain compensation loop module and the superposition of the pulse time domain to control the energy of each sub-pulse within the envelope one by one, thereby achieving the morphological modulation of the laser pulse train in the time domain, and also reducing the cost of the modulation process. energy loss.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "specific examples," or "some examples" or the like means that specific features are described in connection with the embodiment or example. , structures, materials or features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification unless they are inconsistent with each other.
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。In addition, the terms “first” and “second” are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.
流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为，表示包括一个或更多个用于实现定制逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，并且本申请的优选实施方式的范围包括另外的实现，其中可以不按所示出或讨论的顺序，包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序，来执行功能，这应被本申请的实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。Any process or method descriptions in flowcharts or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent modules, segments, or portions of code that include one or more executable instructions for implementing customized logical functions or steps of the process. , and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, which shall It should be understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the embodiments of this application belong.
在流程图中表示或在此以其他方式描述的逻辑和/或步骤，例如，可以被认为是用于实现逻辑功能的可执行指令的定序列表，可以具体实现在任何计算机可读介质中，以供指令执行系统、装置或设备(如基于计算机的系统、包括处理器的系统或其他可以从指令执行系统、装置或设备取指令并执行指令的系统)使用，或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用。就本说明书而言，"计算机可读介质"可以是任何可以包含、存储、通信、传播或传输程序以供指令执行系统、装置或设备或结合这些指令执行系统、装置或设备而使用的装置。计算机可读介质的更具体的示例(非穷尽性列表)包括以下：具有一个或多个布线的电连接部(电子装置)，便携式计算机盘盒(磁装置)，随机存取存储器(RAM)，只读存储器(ROM)，可擦除可编辑只读存储器(EPROM或闪速存储器)，光纤装置，以及便携式光盘只读存储器(CDROM)。另外，计算机可读介质甚至可以是可在其上打印所述程序的纸或其他合适的介质，因为可以例如通过对纸或其他介质进行光学扫描，接着进行编辑、解译或必要时以其他合适方式进行处理来以电子方式获得所述程序，然后将其存储在计算机存储器中。The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, for example, may be considered a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing the logical functions, and may be embodied in any computer-readable medium, For use by, or in combination with, instruction execution systems, devices or devices (such as computer-based systems, systems including processors or other systems that can fetch instructions from and execute instructions from the instruction execution system, device or device) or equipment. For the purposes of this specification, a "computer-readable medium" may be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer readable media include the following: electrical connections with one or more wires (electronic device), portable computer disk cartridges (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), Read-only memory (ROM), erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program may be printed, as the paper or other medium may be optically scanned, for example, and subsequently edited, interpreted, or otherwise suitable as necessary. process to obtain the program electronically and then store it in computer memory.
应当理解，本申请的各部分可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的组合来实现。在上述实施方式中，多个步骤或方法可以用存储在存储器中且由合适的指令执行系统执行的软件或固件来实现。如，如果用硬件来实现和在另一实施方式中一样，可用本领域公知的下列技术中的任一项或他们的组合来实现：具有用于对数据信号实现逻辑功能的逻辑门电路的离散逻辑电路，具有合适的组合逻辑门电路的专用集成电路，可编程门阵列(PGA)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等。It should be understood that various parts of the present application can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if it is implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: discrete logic gate circuits with logic functions for implementing data signals; Logic circuits, application specific integrated circuits with suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGA), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), etc.
本技术领域的普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法携带的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，该程序在执行时，包括方法实施例的步骤之一或其组合。Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the steps involved in implementing the methods of the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a program. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, one of the steps of the method embodiment or a combination thereof is included.
此外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理模块中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。所述集成的模块如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，也可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。In addition, each functional unit in various embodiments of the present application can be integrated into a processing module, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one module. The above integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or software function modules. If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are illustrative and cannot be understood as limitations of the present application. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make modifications to the above-mentioned embodiments within the scope of the present application. The embodiments are subject to changes, modifications, substitutions and variations.
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| CN202310912725.7ACN117060202A (en) | 2023-07-24 | 2023-07-24 | Laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation device and method |
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| CN202310912725.7ACN117060202A (en) | 2023-07-24 | 2023-07-24 | Laser pulse train time domain morphology modulation device and method |
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| CN119852830A (en)* | 2025-03-20 | 2025-04-18 | 山东大学 | DP-PID algorithm-based laser pulse time domain waveform precise regulation and control method |
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| CN119852830A (en)* | 2025-03-20 | 2025-04-18 | 山东大学 | DP-PID algorithm-based laser pulse time domain waveform precise regulation and control method |
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