技术领域Technical field
本发明属于物理储能技术领域，具体涉及一种基于废旧电厂改造的储能调峰系统及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of physical energy storage, and specifically relates to an energy storage peak-shaving system and method based on the transformation of waste power plants.
背景技术Background technique
目前，火电厂大规模调峰运行，甚至部分不达标的老旧火电厂关停。如果直接关停，会造成设备及土地资源的浪费。同时新能源在生产过程中间歇性和波动性的特点，使得产出电量并网和设备大规模生产始终存在问题。所以近年业内研究重点从新能源生产逐渐向储能技术方向转移。At present, thermal power plants are operating on a large scale during peak load regulation, and some old thermal power plants that do not meet standards are even shut down. If it is shut down directly, it will cause a waste of equipment and land resources. At the same time, the intermittent and fluctuating characteristics of new energy in the production process have always caused problems in the connection of output power to the grid and the large-scale production of equipment. Therefore, in recent years, the research focus in the industry has gradually shifted from new energy production to energy storage technology.
压缩空气储能技术作为一种物理储能技术，具有安全清洁，寿命长，储能规模大，地理条件限制小的优点。但是其高压储能容器的制造成本较高，且储能过程中多级压缩机会产生热量耗散，释能过程中需要化石燃料补燃造成污染。Compressed air energy storage technology, as a physical energy storage technology, has the advantages of safety, cleanliness, long life, large energy storage scale, and small geographical restrictions. However, the manufacturing cost of its high-pressure energy storage container is high, and the multi-stage compressor will generate heat dissipation during the energy storage process, and requires supplementary combustion of fossil fuels during the energy release process, causing pollution.
地热能是由于太阳辐射和地球内部元素衰变而产生的可再生能源，多利用套管换热器或者U型换热器通过热传导的方式进行热量的利用，具有广泛的发展前景。但是自然状态恢复缓慢，在国家提倡可持续发展的大背景下，需要人为进行补热。Geothermal energy is a renewable energy generated due to solar radiation and the decay of elements within the earth. It uses casing heat exchangers or U-shaped heat exchangers to utilize heat through heat conduction, and has broad development prospects. However, the recovery of the natural state is slow. In the context of the country's promotion of sustainable development, artificial heating is needed.
太阳能是新型能源中开发潜力巨大的清洁能源，具有总量大，分布广的优点。目前对于太阳能的利用主要集中在光热，光电这两个方向。但是单一的太阳能利用存在发电效率低，设备成本高，发电效率不稳定的问题，所以通常与其他系统耦合来提高能源的利用率。Solar energy is a clean energy source with huge development potential among new energy sources. It has the advantages of large total amount and wide distribution. At present, the utilization of solar energy is mainly concentrated in the two directions of photothermal and photovoltaic. However, single use of solar energy has problems such as low power generation efficiency, high equipment cost, and unstable power generation efficiency. Therefore, it is usually coupled with other systems to improve energy utilization.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决现有技术中的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种基于废旧电厂改造的储能调峰系统其储能调峰方法，整个系统将废弃电厂的高压加热器、低压加热器、水冷壁和上下联箱、下降管和汽包等，根据额定承受压力的不同，改造为压缩空气储能的容器，将过热器、再热器和省煤器等换热面，改造为收集压缩过程产生的热量耗散的补热设备，从而充分利用废弃电厂闲置设备，减少资源浪费。In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy storage peak shaving system based on the transformation of a waste power plant and its energy storage peak shaving method. The entire system integrates the high-pressure heater, low-pressure heater, and water-cooled wall of the waste power plant. The upper and lower headers, downcomers, steam drums, etc. are transformed into compressed air energy storage containers according to the different rated pressures. The heat exchange surfaces such as superheaters, reheaters and economizers are transformed into collecting gases generated during the compression process. Heating equipment for heat dissipation, thereby making full use of idle equipment in abandoned power plants and reducing waste of resources.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种基于废旧电厂改造的储能调峰系统，包括压缩机组、膨胀机组、改造后的换热系统、热泵机组、套管式地埋管以及太阳能发电发热装置；压缩机组的气体出口连接膨胀机组工质入口，压缩机组分级布置，每级压缩机出口连接换热器和储气室；膨胀机组中的膨胀机采用旧汽轮机，膨胀机组采用多级膨胀，膨胀机组设置换热器组向工质补热，将省煤器、过热器和再热器改造为汽水换热器；太阳能发电发热模块热介质出口依次连接膨胀机前换热器、冷水池和压缩机组的换热器；压缩机组的换热器冷侧出口连接同轴套管和太阳能发电发热模块；同轴套管的出口依次连接热泵机组、用户和冷水池，热泵机组还连接太阳能发电发热模块；根据所承受压力不同，将水冷壁、水冷壁上下联箱和乏汽管道改造为不同压力的储气室；套管式地埋管根据废弃电厂面积和需求埋设多组，太阳能发电发热模块设置在套管式地埋管所处地面上，太阳能发电发热模块为压缩机组提供电能，为膨胀机组提供热能。In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an energy storage peak shaving system based on the transformation of waste power plants, including a compressor unit, an expansion unit, a modified heat exchange system, a heat pump unit, a casing underground pipe and Solar power generation and heating device; the gas outlet of the compressor unit is connected to the working medium inlet of the expansion unit, the compressor unit is arranged in stages, and the outlet of each stage of the compressor is connected to the heat exchanger and the gas storage chamber; the expander in the expansion unit uses an old steam turbine, and the expansion unit uses a multi-stage Stage expansion, the expansion unit is equipped with a heat exchanger group to supplement the heat of the working medium, and the economizer, superheater and reheater are transformed into steam-water heat exchangers; the thermal medium outlet of the solar power generation heating module is connected in sequence to the heat exchanger in front of the expander, The heat exchanger of the cold water pool and the compressor unit; the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger of the compressor unit is connected to the coaxial casing and the solar power heating module; the outlet of the coaxial casing is connected to the heat pump unit, the user and the cold water pool in turn, and the heat pump unit is also connected Solar power generation heating module; according to the different pressures, the water-cooled wall, the upper and lower headers of the water-cooled wall and the exhaust steam pipeline are transformed into gas storage chambers with different pressures; multiple sets of casing-type underground pipes are buried according to the area and needs of the abandoned power plant, solar energy The power generation and heating module is installed on the ground where the sleeve-type underground pipe is located. The solar power generation and heating module provides electric energy for the compressor unit and heat energy for the expansion unit.
压缩机组包括中压压缩机、中压冷却器、中压储气室、高压压缩机、高压冷却器和高压储气室，中压冷却器和高压冷却器作为压缩机组的换热器；中压压缩机进口连接大气，中压压缩机出口、中压冷却器热侧、中压储气室、高压压缩机和高压冷却器的热侧以及高压储气室连通，高压储气室的出口为压缩机组的气体出口；中压冷却器和高压冷却器采用省煤器改造而成。The compressor unit includes a medium-pressure compressor, a medium-pressure cooler, a medium-pressure air storage chamber, a high-pressure compressor, a high-pressure cooler and a high-pressure air storage chamber. The medium-pressure cooler and high-pressure cooler serve as heat exchangers for the compressor unit; medium-pressure The compressor inlet is connected to the atmosphere, the medium-pressure compressor outlet, the hot side of the medium-pressure cooler, the medium-pressure air storage chamber, the high-pressure compressor, the hot side of the high-pressure cooler, and the high-pressure air storage chamber are connected. The outlet of the high-pressure air storage chamber is the compression chamber. The gas outlet of the unit; the medium-pressure cooler and the high-pressure cooler are modified with economizers.
冷水池通过水泵连接中压冷却器和高压冷却器的冷侧，中压冷却器和高压冷却器出口分为两路，一路连接太阳能发电发热模块，另一路连接套管式地埋管的外管入水口，套管式地埋管的出水口通过水泵与热泵机组连接。The cold water pool is connected to the cold side of the medium-pressure cooler and the high-pressure cooler through a water pump. The outlets of the medium-pressure cooler and the high-pressure cooler are divided into two channels, one is connected to the solar power generation heating module, and the other is connected to the outer pipe of the sleeve-type underground pipe. The water inlet and outlet of the sleeve-type underground pipe are connected to the heat pump unit through a water pump.
膨胀机组包括高压换热器、高压膨胀机、中压换热器和中压膨胀机，高压膨胀机和中压膨胀机连接发电机，高压换热器的冷侧、高压膨胀机、中压换热器冷侧和中压膨胀机依次连接，高压换热器的冷侧入口为膨胀机组的工质入口；中压换热器和高压换热器由过热器和再热器改造而成。The expansion unit includes a high-pressure heat exchanger, a high-pressure expander, a medium-pressure heat exchanger, and a medium-pressure expander. The high-pressure expander and the medium-pressure expander are connected to the generator. The cold side of the high-pressure heat exchanger, the high-pressure expander, and the medium-pressure expander are The cold side of the heater is connected to the medium-pressure expander in sequence, and the cold-side inlet of the high-pressure heat exchanger is the working fluid inlet of the expansion unit; the medium-pressure heat exchanger and high-pressure heat exchanger are modified from superheaters and reheaters.
对于省煤器、过热器和再热器的改造，在蛇形管外部吊置隔热水箱，内部液体侧和气体侧以对流换热方式热交换，液体侧设置蛇形回路，同时在水箱上下部，每个蛇形管拐角处设置圆心角为60°的内凹圆弧隔热导流板。For the transformation of the economizer, superheater and reheater, an insulated water tank is suspended outside the serpentine tube, and the liquid side and gas side of the interior exchange heat by convection heat exchange. A serpentine loop is set up on the liquid side, and at the same time, there are At the corner of each serpentine tube, a concave arc heat-insulating deflector with a central angle of 60° is set.
套管式地埋管为底部封底连通的同轴套管，同轴套管的内管采用隔热材料，外管为金属材料，外管内侧焊接有导热肋片，导热肋片上沿圆周方向开设圆孔，导热肋片设置在套管式地埋管下半部，从下向上每个肋片之间的距离逐渐增加。The casing-type underground pipe is a coaxial casing connected to the bottom cover. The inner pipe of the coaxial casing is made of heat-insulating material, and the outer pipe is made of metal. There are heat-conducting fins welded on the inside of the outer pipe, and the heat-conducting fins are opened in the circumferential direction. Round holes and thermal fins are set in the lower half of the casing-type underground pipe. The distance between each fin gradually increases from bottom to top.
太阳能发电发热模块中设置储水罐和光伏模块，储水罐和光伏模块连接重力热管式PV/T集热器，储水罐设有多个接口，储水罐经过通过阀门与热泵机组连接，后为用户供热，储水罐通过水泵连接膨胀机组的换热器组热侧进口，换热器组热侧出口连接冷水池；光伏模块为压缩机和水泵提供电能。A water storage tank and a photovoltaic module are installed in the solar power generation and heating module. The water storage tank and the photovoltaic module are connected to the gravity heat pipe PV/T collector. The water storage tank is equipped with multiple interfaces. The water storage tank is connected to the heat pump unit through a valve. Afterwards, it provides heat to users. The water storage tank is connected to the hot side inlet of the heat exchanger group of the expansion unit through a water pump, and the hot side outlet of the heat exchanger group is connected to the cold water pool; the photovoltaic module provides electrical energy for the compressor and water pump.
根据本发明所述基于废旧电厂改造的储能调峰系统的储能调峰方法，通过太阳能发电发热模块驱动压缩机压缩空气做功，空气经过压缩机组压缩成为高压空气，压缩过程中热量通过压缩机组的换热器释放至水中；来自冷水池的水进入压缩机组的换热器吸热后进入套管式地埋管储热或进入太阳能发电发热模块；According to the energy storage peak shaving method of the energy storage peak shaving system based on the transformation of waste power plants according to the present invention, the solar power generation and heating module is used to drive the compressor to compress the air. The air is compressed into high-pressure air through the compressor unit. During the compression process, the heat passes through the compressor unit. The heat exchanger is released into the water; the water from the cold pool enters the heat exchanger of the compressor unit to absorb heat and then enters the sleeve-type underground pipe for heat storage or enters the solar power generation and heating module;
高压空气经过加热后进入膨胀机组做功，做功后的乏气排出；太阳能发电发热模块为膨胀机组的换热器组提供热量，太阳能发电发热模块以水为介质，水在换热器组放热后进入冷水池，After being heated, the high-pressure air enters the expansion unit to do work, and the exhausted gas is discharged after the work is done; the solar power generation and heating module provides heat for the heat exchanger group of the expansion unit. The solar power generation and heating module uses water as the medium, and the water releases heat in the heat exchanger group. Enter the cold pool,
套管式地埋管中的热水进入热泵机组放热后进入冷水池，太阳能发电发热模块向热泵机组供热，热泵机组向用户供热；The hot water in the casing-type underground pipe enters the heat pump unit and releases heat before entering the cold pool. The solar power generation heating module supplies heat to the heat pump unit, and the heat pump unit supplies heat to users;
阳光充足，需求电量不大或释能过程停止时，太阳能发电发热模块的高温水汽通入热泵机组，直接对用户供热，一部分套管式地埋管的水补入储水罐，实现释能过程的调峰。When the sun is sufficient and the demand for electricity is not large or the energy release process stops, the high-temperature water vapor from the solar power generation heating module is passed into the heat pump unit to directly provide heat to the user. A part of the water from the casing-type underground pipes is replenished into the water storage tank to achieve energy release. Peak shaving of the process.
阳光充足时或太阳能发电发热模块中的水达到上限时，在压缩机的换热器吸热后的水进入套管式地埋管，地下热源补热。When there is sufficient sunshine or when the water in the solar power heating module reaches the upper limit, the water after absorbing heat in the heat exchanger of the compressor enters the casing-type underground pipe, and the underground heat source supplements the heat.
压缩机组中空气压力达到上限时，停止压缩机的运行，太阳能发电产生的多余电能驱动冷水池出口水轮机，冷水池中的冷水通过管路直接流入地埋管换热，升温后的冷却水进入热泵机组，热泵机组为用户提供热量。When the air pressure in the compressor unit reaches the upper limit, the operation of the compressor is stopped. The excess electricity generated by solar power drives the turbine at the outlet of the cold pool. The cold water in the cold pool flows directly into the underground pipe through the pipeline for heat exchange. The heated cooling water enters the heat pump. Unit, heat pump unit provides heat to users.
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下有益效果：本发明将旧电厂废旧管路改造为储气室和换热器，大幅降低了压缩空气储能的成本，同时减少了资源浪费；并且在空闲土地设置地埋管和光伏光热一体化技术，通过三个系统的耦合，利用热电解耦，热电联产的思想，解决太能能发电不稳定，效率低的问题，提升系统能量利用效率，同时进一步在空间上利用废弃电厂的可利用资源；压缩过程中分级压缩，有助于维持工况不变，提高压缩机效率和寿命；利用压缩空气过程中的热耗散对地源热泵机组补热，实现地热能的可持续利用；利用太阳能代替化石能源燃烧，减少环境污染。Compared with the existing technology, the present invention at least has the following beneficial effects: the present invention transforms the waste pipelines of old power plants into air storage chambers and heat exchangers, greatly reducing the cost of compressed air energy storage and reducing resource waste; and Install underground pipes and photovoltaic photothermal integration technology on idle land. Through the coupling of three systems, using the ideas of thermoelectric decoupling and cogeneration, we can solve the problems of unstable and low efficiency of solar power generation and improve the energy utilization of the system. efficiency, and at the same time further utilize the available resources of the abandoned power plant in space; staged compression during the compression process helps to maintain the same working conditions and improve the efficiency and life of the compressor; the heat dissipation in the compressed air process is used for ground source heat pumps The unit supplements heat to achieve sustainable utilization of geothermal energy; it uses solar energy to replace fossil energy combustion and reduce environmental pollution.
进一步的，压缩过程中分级压缩，采用两个储气罐，实现中压向高压过渡中的等压过程，维持工况不变，提高压缩机效率和寿命，压缩过程释放压缩热，提升压缩空气储能中的能量密度。Furthermore, during the compression process, two gas storage tanks are used for staged compression to realize the isobaric process in the transition from medium pressure to high pressure, maintaining the same working conditions, improving the efficiency and life of the compressor. The compression process releases compression heat and improves the compressed air Energy density in energy storage.
进一步的，地埋管为底部封底连通的同轴套管，无论是补热还是供热，换热过程主要集中在水流下降期，所以内管采用隔热材料，外管为换热良好的金属材料，增加外管换系数，增加水流下降时期的热交换强度，减少内管的换热系数，减少上升期的热量损失；同时外管内侧焊接有导热肋片，主要集中在底部，且每个肋片之间的距离逐渐增加，增加深层地底的换热时间，换热面积，流动速度，强化主要换热阶段的换热强度，提取或补充更多深层地底的热量。Furthermore, the underground pipe is a coaxial casing connected with the bottom seal. Whether it is for heat supplementation or heat supply, the heat exchange process is mainly concentrated in the period when the water flow drops, so the inner pipe is made of heat-insulating material, and the outer pipe is made of metal with good heat exchange. material, increase the exchange coefficient of the outer tube, increase the heat exchange intensity during the descending period of the water flow, reduce the heat transfer coefficient of the inner tube, and reduce the heat loss during the rising period; at the same time, there are thermal conductive fins welded on the inside of the outer tube, mainly concentrated at the bottom, and each The distance between the fins gradually increases, increasing the heat exchange time, heat exchange area, and flow speed of the deep underground, strengthening the heat transfer intensity of the main heat exchange stage, and extracting or supplementing more heat in the deep underground.
进一步的，对过热器，再热器省煤器的改造时，在蛇形管外部吊置隔热水箱，内部液体侧和气体侧以对流换热方式热交换，液体侧设置蛇形回路，增加汽水换热时间，同时在水箱上下部，每个蛇形管拐角处设置圆心角为60度的内凹圆弧隔热导流板，在流体内部产生回流，增加对流换热系数；回流产生位置集中在蛇形管拐角处，局部换热进一步加剧，提高换热器的换热效率。Further, when renovating the superheater and reheater economizer, an insulated water tank is hung outside the serpentine tube, and the internal liquid side and gas side exchange heat by convection heat exchange, and a serpentine loop is set up on the liquid side to increase At the same time, at the upper and lower parts of the water tank, concave arc heat-insulating deflectors with a central angle of 60 degrees are set at the corners of each serpentine tube to generate backflow inside the fluid and increase the convection heat transfer coefficient; where the backflow occurs Concentrated at the corners of the serpentine tube, local heat transfer is further intensified and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger is improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一种于热电联产思想的废旧电厂改造的储能系统。Figure 1 shows an energy storage system for the transformation of an old power plant based on the concept of cogeneration of heat and power according to the present invention.
图2为本发明一种改造换热器结构剖面示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a modified heat exchanger according to the present invention.
图3为本发明一种套管式地埋管结构俯视示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic top view of a casing-type underground pipe structure according to the present invention.
图4为本发明一种套管式地埋管结构底部结构剖面示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bottom structure of a casing-type underground pipe structure according to the present invention.
附图中，1-中压压缩机，2-中压冷却器，3-中压储气室入口阀门，4-中压储气室，5-中压储气室出口阀门，6-高压压缩机，7-高压冷却器，8-高压储气室入口阀门，9-高压储气室，10-高压储气室出口阀门，11-高压换热器，12高压膨胀机，13-中压换热器，14-中压膨胀机，15-重力热管式PV/T集热器，16-储水罐，17-第一水泵，18-冷水池，19-第二水泵，20-中压冷却器冷侧进口阀门，21-高压冷却器冷侧进口阀门，22-地埋管进水口阀门，23-储水罐入口阀门，24-冷水池加水阀门，25-储水罐出水阀门，26-套管式地埋管，27-第三水泵，28-热泵机组，29-光伏模块，30-用户，31-换热器汽侧入口，32-换热器水侧入口，33-导流板，34-地埋管外管，35-地埋管内管，36-导热肋片。In the drawing, 1-medium pressure compressor, 2-medium pressure cooler, 3-medium pressure air storage chamber inlet valve, 4-medium pressure air storage chamber, 5-medium pressure air storage chamber outlet valve, 6-high pressure compression machine, 7-high-pressure cooler, 8-high-pressure air storage chamber inlet valve, 9-high-pressure air storage chamber, 10-high-pressure air storage chamber outlet valve, 11-high-pressure heat exchanger, 12 high-pressure expander, 13-medium pressure exchanger Heater, 14-medium pressure expander, 15-gravity heat pipe PV/T collector, 16-water storage tank, 17-first water pump, 18-cold pool, 19-second water pump, 20-medium pressure cooling The cold side inlet valve of the equipment, 21-the cold side inlet valve of the high-pressure cooler, 22-the underground pipe water inlet valve, 23-the water storage tank inlet valve, 24-the cold pool water filling valve, 25-the water storage tank outlet valve, 26- Cased underground pipe, 27-third water pump, 28-heat pump unit, 29-photovoltaic module, 30-user, 31-heat exchanger steam side inlet, 32-heat exchanger water side inlet, 33-baffle plate , 34-Outer pipe of underground pipe, 35-Inner pipe of underground pipe, 36-Thermal conductive fins.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明进一步说明：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
本发明整个系统将废弃电厂的高压加热器、低压加热器、水冷壁和上下联箱、下降管和汽包等，根据额定承受压力的不同，改造为压缩空气储能的容器，将过热器、再热器和省煤器等换热面，改造为收集压缩过程产生的热量耗散的补热设备，从而充分利用废弃电厂闲置设备，减少资源浪费。为了实现储能过程中的调峰，在废旧电厂空余土地设置套管式地源热泵，同时在废弃锅炉炉膛上部设置太阳能光伏发电发热模块，通过热电联产的思想，与压缩空气储能系统耦合为地源热泵补热，同时完成热量调峰，实现整个系统的可持续发展。The entire system of the present invention transforms high-pressure heaters, low-pressure heaters, water-cooled walls, upper and lower headers, downcomers, steam drums, etc. of abandoned power plants into compressed air energy storage containers according to different rated pressures. The superheater, Heat exchange surfaces such as reheaters and economizers are transformed into heating equipment that collects heat dissipated during the compression process, thereby making full use of idle equipment in abandoned power plants and reducing resource waste. In order to achieve peak shaving during the energy storage process, a casing-type ground source heat pump is installed on the vacant land of the abandoned power plant. At the same time, a solar photovoltaic power generation heating module is installed on the upper part of the abandoned boiler furnace. Through the idea of combined heat and power, it is coupled with the compressed air energy storage system. It supplements heat for the ground source heat pump and completes heat peak regulation at the same time to achieve sustainable development of the entire system.
请参阅图1，本发明提供一种基于废旧电厂改造的储能调峰系统，包括压缩机组、膨胀机组、改造后的换热系统、同轴套管以及太阳能光伏光热装置；压缩机组分两级布置，包括中压压缩机1、中压冷却器2、中压储气室4、高压压缩机6、高压冷却器7、高压压储气室9和中压储气室入口阀门3，中压储气室出口阀门5、高压储气室入口阀门8、高压储气室出口阀门10；膨胀机组的高压膨胀机12和中压膨胀机14为废弃电厂的旧汽轮机，取合适区段改造而成；将省煤器改造为中压冷却器2和高压冷却器7，过热器、再热器、改造为中压换热器13和高压换热器11，将水冷壁、水冷壁上下联箱和乏汽管道，根据所承受压力不同，改造为低压储气室4和中压储气室9；太阳能发电发热模块热介质出口依次连接膨胀机前换热器、冷水池18和压缩机组的换热器；压缩机组的换热器冷侧出口连接同轴套管和太阳能发电发热模块；同轴套管的出口依次连接热泵机组28、用户30和冷水池18，热泵机组28还连接太阳能发电发热模块；同轴套管为套管式地埋管26，根据废弃电厂面积和需求设置多组；太阳能发电发热模块采用重力热管式PV/T集热器15。Please refer to Figure 1. The present invention provides an energy storage peak-shaving system based on the transformation of waste power plants, including a compressor unit, an expansion unit, a modified heat exchange system, a coaxial casing and a solar photovoltaic photothermal device; the compressor component is composed of two Stage layout, including medium-pressure compressor 1, medium-pressure cooler 2, medium-pressure air storage chamber 4, high-pressure compressor 6, high-pressure cooler 7, high-pressure air storage chamber 9 and medium-pressure air storage chamber inlet valve 3. The high-pressure gas storage chamber outlet valve 5, the high-pressure gas storage chamber inlet valve 8, and the high-pressure gas storage chamber outlet valve 10; the high-pressure expander 12 and the medium-pressure expander 14 of the expansion unit are old steam turbines from abandoned power plants, which were transformed into suitable sections. into; transform the economizer into a medium-pressure cooler 2 and a high-pressure cooler 7; transform the superheater and reheater into a medium-pressure heat exchanger 13 and a high-pressure heat exchanger 11; connect the water-cooled wall and the upper and lower headers of the water-cooled wall and exhaust steam pipeline, according to the different pressures they bear, they are transformed into low-pressure air storage chamber 4 and medium-pressure air storage chamber 9; the thermal medium outlet of the solar power generation heating module is connected in turn to the heat exchanger in front of the expander, the cold water pool 18 and the exchanger of the compressor unit. heater; the cold side outlet of the heat exchanger of the compressor unit is connected to the coaxial sleeve and the solar power generation and heating module; the outlet of the coaxial sleeve is connected to the heat pump unit 28, the user 30 and the cold water pool 18 in sequence, and the heat pump unit 28 is also connected to the solar power generation and heating module. module; the coaxial casing is a casing-type underground pipe 26, and multiple groups are set up according to the area and needs of the abandoned power plant; the solar power generation heating module uses a gravity heat pipe type PV/T collector 15.
参阅图1，中压压缩机1进口连接大气，空气经过第一次压缩后通入由省煤器改造的中压冷却器2空气端入口，中压储气室4两端分别连接中压冷却器2出口和高压压缩机6入口，高压压缩机6出口连接高压冷却器7；高压储气室9两侧分别连接高压冷却器7和高压换热器11，高压换热器11空气端出口连接高压膨胀机12，中压换热器13直接连接高压膨胀机14出口和中压膨胀机12入口。Referring to Figure 1, the inlet of the medium-pressure compressor 1 is connected to the atmosphere. After the air is compressed for the first time, it flows into the air end inlet of the medium-pressure cooler 2 modified by the economizer. Both ends of the medium-pressure air storage chamber 4 are connected to the medium-pressure cooling system respectively. The outlet of compressor 2 and the inlet of high-pressure compressor 6, the outlet of high-pressure compressor 6 is connected to the high-pressure cooler 7; both sides of the high-pressure air storage chamber 9 are connected to the high-pressure cooler 7 and the high-pressure heat exchanger 11 respectively, and the air end outlet of the high-pressure heat exchanger 11 is connected The high-pressure expander 12 and the medium-pressure heat exchanger 13 are directly connected to the outlet of the high-pressure expander 14 and the inlet of the medium-pressure expander 12 .
参阅图1，冷水池18通过水泵连接中中压冷却器2和高压冷却器4的冷侧，中压冷却器2和高压冷却器4出口分为两路，一路连接太阳能发电发热模块，另一路连接套管式地埋管26的外管入水口，套管式地埋管26的出水口通过水泵与热泵机组28连接。Referring to Figure 1, the cold water pool 18 is connected to the cold side of the medium-pressure cooler 2 and the high-pressure cooler 4 through a water pump. The outlets of the medium-pressure cooler 2 and the high-pressure cooler 4 are divided into two channels, one is connected to the solar power generation heating module, and the other is connected to the solar power generation heating module. The outer pipe water inlet of the casing-type underground pipe 26 is connected, and the water outlet of the casing-type underground pipe 26 is connected to the heat pump unit 28 through a water pump.
请参阅图1和图2，中压冷却器2和高压冷却器7由省煤器改造而成，中压换热器13和高压换热器11由过热器和再热器改造而成，具体的，在蛇形管外部吊置隔热水箱，内部液体侧和气体侧以对流换热方式热交换，气体从汽侧入口31通入，液体从换热器水侧入口32流入，液体侧设置蛇形回路，同时在水箱上下部，每个蛇形管拐角处设置圆心角为60°的内凹圆弧隔热导流板33，使流体内部产生回流，增加对流换热系数；回流产生位置集中在蛇形管拐角处，局部换热进一步加剧，提高换热器的换热效率；中压储气室4和高压储气室9由水冷壁，水冷壁上下联箱和乏汽管路经过压力强度评估后改造而成。Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2. The medium-pressure cooler 2 and high-pressure cooler 7 are modified from economizers, and the medium-pressure heat exchanger 13 and high-pressure heat exchanger 11 are modified from superheaters and reheaters. Specifically , an insulated water tank is suspended outside the serpentine tube, and the internal liquid side and gas side exchange heat by convection heat exchange. The gas flows in from the steam side inlet 31, and the liquid flows in from the water side inlet 32 of the heat exchanger. The liquid side is set Serpentine loop, at the same time, at the upper and lower parts of the water tank, concave arc heat-insulating deflectors 33 with a central angle of 60° are set at the corners of each serpentine tube to generate backflow inside the fluid and increase the convection heat transfer coefficient; the position where the backflow occurs Concentrated at the corners of the serpentine tube, the local heat exchange is further intensified and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger is improved; the medium-pressure air storage chamber 4 and the high-pressure air storage chamber 9 are passed by the water-cooled wall, the upper and lower headers of the water-cooled wall and the exhaust steam pipeline. Modified after pressure intensity assessment.
参阅图3和图4，套管式地埋管26为底部封底连通的同轴套管，内管35采用隔热材料，外管34为换热良好的金属材料，换热过程主要集中在水流下降期，增加外管换系数，增加水流下降时期的热交换强度，减少内管的换热系数，减少上升期的热量损失；同时外管34内侧焊接有带8个圆孔且导热良好的导热肋片36，主要集中在底部，且每个肋片之间的距离逐渐增加5-10米，增加深层地底的换热时间，换热面积，流动速度，强化主要换热阶段的换热强度，提取或补充更多深层地底的热量。Referring to Figures 3 and 4, the casing-type underground pipe 26 is a coaxial casing connected to the bottom seal. The inner pipe 35 is made of heat-insulating material, and the outer pipe 34 is made of a metal material with good heat exchange. The heat exchange process is mainly concentrated on the water flow. During the descending period, increase the exchange coefficient of the outer tube, increase the heat exchange intensity during the descending period of the water flow, reduce the heat exchange coefficient of the inner tube, and reduce the heat loss during the ascending period; at the same time, a heat conductor with 8 round holes and good thermal conductivity is welded on the inside of the outer tube 34 The fins 36 are mainly concentrated at the bottom, and the distance between each fin gradually increases by 5-10 meters, which increases the heat exchange time, heat exchange area, and flow speed of the deep underground, and strengthens the heat exchange intensity of the main heat exchange stage. Extract or replenish more heat from deep underground.
参阅图1，冷水池18通过第二水泵19连接中压冷却器2和高压冷却器7，冷却器出口分流，一部分连接储水罐16，另一部分连接地埋管外管入水口26，中间分别设有中压冷却器冷侧进口阀门20和高压冷却器冷侧进口阀门21，地埋管出水口通过第三水泵27与热泵机组28连接，后为用户30供热；储水罐设有多个出水口，一部分通过阀门与热泵机组28连接，后为用户供热，一部分通过第一水泵17连接中压换热器13液体侧进口，中压换热器13出口与高压换热器11液体侧进口连接，高压换热器出口连接冷水池18。Referring to Figure 1, the cold water pool 18 is connected to the medium-pressure cooler 2 and the high-pressure cooler 7 through the second water pump 19. The outlet of the cooler is divided, one part is connected to the water storage tank 16, the other part is connected to the underground pipe outer pipe inlet 26, and the middle part is connected to the water inlet 26 of the underground pipe. There is a medium-pressure cooler cold side inlet valve 20 and a high-pressure cooler cold side inlet valve 21. The outlet of the underground pipe is connected to the heat pump unit 28 through a third water pump 27, and then provides heat to the user 30; the water storage tank is equipped with multiple One water outlet is connected to the heat pump unit 28 through a valve to provide heat to the user. The other part is connected to the liquid side inlet of the medium-pressure heat exchanger 13 through the first water pump 17. The outlet of the medium-pressure heat exchanger 13 is connected to the liquid side of the high-pressure heat exchanger 11. The side inlet is connected, and the high-pressure heat exchanger outlet is connected to the cold water pool 18.
参阅图1，太阳能模块采用重力热管式PV/T集热器15，是一种光伏光热一体化技术，采集的电能通过光伏模块29驱动压缩机、第一水泵17、第二水泵19以及第三水泵27的运行，热能通过热管收集存入储水罐16，储水罐16外设置隔热保温层。Referring to Figure 1, the solar module uses a gravity heat pipe type PV/T collector 15, which is a photovoltaic and photothermal integration technology. The collected electric energy drives the compressor, the first water pump 17, the second water pump 19 and the third water pump through the photovoltaic module 29. When the water pump 27 is running, the heat energy is collected through the heat pipe and stored in the water storage tank 16, and a heat insulation layer is provided outside the water storage tank 16.
参阅图1，储能阶段，通过太阳能光伏发电29驱动压缩机压缩空气做功，空气经过第一级压缩后通入中压冷却器2热侧入口，以水未冷却介质冷却后存入中压储气室4，在压力达到临界时打开中压储气室出口阀门5，中压储气室4等压状态下向高压压缩机6排放空气，后高温高压气体通入高压冷却器7换热，冷却后的高压气体存入高压储气室9，中压冷却器2和高压冷却器7冷侧流质为冷却水，由第二水泵19从冷水池18抽入冷侧入口，关闭地埋管进水口阀门22，打开储水罐入口阀门23，换热后被加热的水通过储水罐入口阀门进入储水罐16近等温储存；阳光充足时，或储水罐达到容积上限后，打开地埋管进水口阀门22，关闭储水罐入口阀门23，升温后的冷却水通入地下，为地下热源补热。储气罐9达到压力上限时，停止压缩机的运行，多余电能驱动冷水池出口水轮机27，冷水通过管路直接流入套管式地埋管26换热，升温后的冷却水流入热泵机组28，为用户30提供热量，通过阀门的开关实现储能过程的调峰。Referring to Figure 1, in the energy storage stage, the solar photovoltaic power generation 29 drives the compressor to compress the air to do work. After the first stage of compression, the air flows into the hot side inlet of the medium-pressure cooler 2, is cooled by the water uncooled medium, and is stored in the medium-pressure storage. The air chamber 4 opens the outlet valve 5 of the medium-pressure air storage chamber when the pressure reaches the critical level. The medium-pressure air storage chamber 4 discharges air to the high-pressure compressor 6 under isobaric conditions, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure gas flows into the high-pressure cooler 7 for heat exchange. The cooled high-pressure gas is stored in the high-pressure gas storage chamber 9. The cold-side fluid of the medium-pressure cooler 2 and the high-pressure cooler 7 is cooling water, which is pumped into the cold-side inlet from the cold water pool 18 by the second water pump 19, and the underground pipe inlet is closed. The water inlet valve 22 opens the water storage tank inlet valve 23, and the heated water after heat exchange enters the water storage tank 16 through the water storage tank inlet valve for near-isothermal storage; when the sun is sufficient, or after the water storage tank reaches the upper volume limit, open the underground Pipe water inlet valve 22, close the water storage tank inlet valve 23, and the heated cooling water flows into the ground to supplement the underground heat source. When the gas storage tank 9 reaches the upper pressure limit, the operation of the compressor is stopped, and the excess electric energy drives the cold water pool outlet turbine 27. The cold water flows directly into the sleeve-type underground pipe 26 through the pipeline for heat exchange, and the heated cooling water flows into the heat pump unit 28. Heat is provided to the user 30, and peak shaving of the energy storage process is achieved through the switching of the valve.
参阅图1，基于废旧电厂改造的储能调峰系统的储能调峰方法如下：Referring to Figure 1, the energy storage peak shaving method of the energy storage peak shaving system based on the transformation of old power plants is as follows:
释能阶段，打开高压储气室出口阀门10，高压气体先经过高压换热器11加热后进入高压膨胀机12做功驱动发电机发电。膨胀过的气体再次进入中压换热器13加热后通入中压膨胀机14做功驱动发电机发电。高压换热器11和中压换热器13热侧的流质为近等温储水罐中的高温水源，储水罐16中的热量一部分来自中压冷却器2和高压冷却器7中交换来的热，大部分来自重力热管式PV/T集热器15产生的热量，水来自储能过程中的冷却水或地源热泵供热过程中分流来的一小部分补水；阳光充足，需求电量不大或释能过程停止时，打开储水罐出口阀门25，光热产生的高温水汽通入热泵28，直接对用户供热，此时打开储水罐入口阀门23，将一部分通入地埋管的水补入储水罐，实现释能过程的调峰。In the energy release stage, the outlet valve 10 of the high-pressure gas storage chamber is opened. The high-pressure gas is first heated by the high-pressure heat exchanger 11 and then enters the high-pressure expander 12 to do work and drive the generator to generate electricity. The expanded gas enters the medium-pressure heat exchanger 13 again, is heated, and then flows into the medium-pressure expander 14 to do work and drive the generator to generate electricity. The fluid on the hot side of the high-pressure heat exchanger 11 and the medium-pressure heat exchanger 13 is the high-temperature water source in the nearly isothermal water storage tank. Part of the heat in the water storage tank 16 comes from the exchange between the medium-pressure cooler 2 and the high-pressure cooler 7 Most of the heat comes from the heat generated by the gravity heat pipe PV/T collector 15, and the water comes from the cooling water in the energy storage process or a small part of the supplementary water diverted during the ground source heat pump heating process; there is sufficient sunshine and the power demand is small. When the energy release process stops, open the water storage tank outlet valve 25, and the high-temperature water vapor generated by light and heat flows into the heat pump 28 to directly provide heat to the user. At this time, open the water storage tank inlet valve 23 and pass a part of it into the underground pipe. The water is replenished into the water storage tank to realize peak regulation of the energy release process.
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| CN202310967943.0ACN116995698A (en) | 2023-08-01 | 2023-08-01 | An energy storage peak-shaving system and method based on the transformation of waste power plants |
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