Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a breathable antibacterial woven fabric and a preparation method thereof.
The aim of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the breathable antibacterial woven fabric is formed by interweaving warp yarns and weft yarns, wherein antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fibers are blended in the warp yarns and/or the weft yarns, and the preparation method of the antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fibers comprises the following steps of:
(1) Pretreatment of
Immersing polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers in an ethanol water solution, heating to 50-70 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2h, taking out, washing with deionized water, and drying for later use;
preferably, the volume ratio of ethanol to water in the ethanol water solution is 10: (1-10);
(2) Surface activation
Immersing the polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber prepared in the step (1) into an acetone solution of benzophenone, immersing for 1-2h under normal temperature, carrying out ultraviolet irradiation treatment under anaerobic condition, taking out and washing with anhydrous acetone after the treatment is finished, immersing the fiber obtained after the treatment into an alcohol solution of glycidyl methacrylate after drying for 1-2h under normal temperature, carrying out ultraviolet irradiation treatment under anaerobic condition, taking out and washing with anhydrous acetone and deionized water in sequence after the treatment is finished, and drying to obtain the activated fiber;
preferably, the concentration of the acetone solution of the benzophenone is 2-3 weight percent; the concentration of the alcohol solution of the glycidyl methacrylate is 8-20wt%;
(3) Surface modification
Weighing sodium tungstate, dispersing the sodium tungstate in deionized water, stirring and dissolving the sodium tungstate to form a uniform solution, dropwise adding an acetic acid solution until the pH value of a system solution is 7.4-7.5, slowly adding a dispersion liquid of gadolinium chloride under the condition of keeping stirring, heating to above 80 ℃ after the dropwise adding is finished, and stirring until a transparent solution is formed; weighing natural polyphenol compounds and dissolving the natural polyphenol compounds in deionized water to obtain a polyphenol solution, immersing the activated fibers in the polyphenol solution, heating to 60-80 ℃ and preserving heat for 1-2 hours, dropwise adding the transparent solution into an impregnating system while the transparent solution is hot, preserving heat for 0.5-1 hour after fully mixing, taking out, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in sequence, and drying at 100-130 ℃ to obtain the modified polyester fiber;
preferably, the dispersion concentration of the sodium tungstate is 0.8-1.1mmol/mL, the dispersion concentration of the gadolinium chloride dispersion is 1-1.2mmol/mL, and the concentration of the polyphenol solution is 3-7wt%.
Preferably, the warp yarn and/or the weft yarn are/is obtained by blending one or more of plant fibers, animal fibers and synthetic fibers with the antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fibers; the plant fiber comprises cotton fiber, fibrilia and bamboo fiber, the animal fiber comprises silk fiber and animal hair fiber, and the synthetic fiber comprises spandex fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyester fiber, acrylic fiber and cotton fiber.
Preferably, the mass proportion of the antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fiber in the woven fabric is 12-36wt%.
Preferably, the number of warp yarns is 40-50s and the number of weft yarns is 30-40s.
Preferably, the weaving process of the breathable antibacterial woven fabric is plain weave or twill weave, the warp density is 168-172 pieces/inch, and the weft density is 75-80 pieces/inch.
Preferably, the treatment time of the ultraviolet irradiation treatment is 0.5-1h, and the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 365nm.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the sodium tungstate to the gadolinium chloride to the natural polyphenol compound is 1:1: (4-9).
Preferably, the natural polyphenol compound is one or more of pyrogallol, anthocyanidin, catechol, tannic acid, hydrolyzed tannin, condensed tannin, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid and gallic acid, and the catechol comprises epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate.
The invention further provides a preparation method of the breathable antibacterial woven fabric, which comprises the steps of interweaving warp yarns and weft yarns obtained through blending to form a fabric blank, and sequentially performing desizing treatment, dyeing, shaping finishing and post finishing.
Preferably, the desizing is carried out by adding a desizing agent Goon209 into 30-45g/L sodium hydroxide solution until the concentration of the desizing agent is 1g/L, then adding the fabric blank, heating to 90 ℃ for heat treatment for 1h, and then cleaning with water at 90 ℃; the dyeing is to put the desized fabric blank into a dye vat, wherein the weight ratio of the fabric blank to the dye liquor is 1:20, wherein the dye liquor comprises 10g/L of disperse dye, 1g/L of penetrating agent JFC and 10g/L of anti-migration agent, the dyeing temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the dyeing time is 0.5-1h; the shaping finishing is to dry and shape the dyed fabric blank by a padder and rinse the fabric blank by clean water, wherein the temperature of the drying and shaping is 110-130 ℃ and the speed of the vehicle is 30-50m/min; the finishing is to dissolve cereal prolamin in 30-70wt% ethanol water solution to obtain 100-200mg/mL protein solution, then adding the shaped fabric, standing for 1-2h at normal temperature, rinsing with clear water, and drying to obtain the tatted fabric, wherein the cereal prolamin is zein, wheat prolamin, barley prolamin or rice prolamin.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
aiming at the problem that the antibacterial performance, the mechanical performance and the washing fastness are difficult to take into account in the existing antibacterial fabric preparation process, the invention provides a breathable antibacterial woven fabric, the woven fabric is subjected to antibacterial treatment on the fiber level, then is blended into yarns and woven, the advantages of an embedded filler and after-treatment can be achieved, the good air permeability of the woven fabric is reserved at the same time, specifically, the polyacrylonitrile fiber is taken as a matrix fiber, benzophenone is taken as a photoinitiator, epoxy groups are grafted and introduced on the surface by an ultraviolet surface grafting method, then the ring-opening activity of active phenolic hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups on the epoxy groups is utilized, the natural polyphenol compounds are used for carrying out ring-opening on the epoxy groups, the natural polyphenol structures are introduced on the fiber surfaces, meanwhile, the good coordination activity between the phenolic hydroxyl groups or carboxyl groups and metal ions is utilized, gadolinium and tungsten oxide quantum dots are generated in situ on the polyphenol on the fiber surfaces, and the basis of the good nano enzyme activity, the good antibacterial activity of the natural polyphenol compounds is combined, and the good antibacterial activity can be achieved by a small load, compared with the covalent washing fastness of the covalent washing-free covalent washing fabric preparation method; furthermore, the antibacterial treatment of the invention introduces natural polyphenol compounds, so that the smoothness and softness of the woven fabric are reduced, and the invention utilizes the hydrophobic effect of the cereal prolamine and the good composite affinity with polyphenol to carry out after-treatment on the fabric, thereby reducing the influence of modification on the softness of fibers, improving the hand feeling of the fabric and improving the wearability of the fabric.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The breathable antibacterial woven fabric is formed by interweaving warp yarns and weft yarns, wherein the warp yarns are obtained by blending polyester fibers and cotton fibers, and the weft yarns are obtained by blending antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fibers and cotton fibers;
the count of the warp yarn is 40s, wherein the weight ratio of the polyester fiber to the cotton fiber is 8.5:1.5; the blending process of the warp yarn sequentially comprises the following steps: picking, carding, pre-drawing, combing, mixing, roving, spinning and spooling;
the count of the weft yarn is 30s, wherein the weight ratio of the antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fiber to the cotton fiber is 4.5:5.5, the blending process of the weft yarns is as follows: blowing, cotton carding, combing, drawing, roving, spinning and spooling;
the breathable antibacterial woven fabric is plain weave or twill, the warp density is 170 pieces/inch, and the weft density is 78 pieces/inch;
the manufacturing steps of the breathable antibacterial woven fabric comprise:
interweaving the warp yarn and the weft yarn obtained by blending to form a fabric blank, and sequentially performing desizing treatment, dyeing, shaping and finishing to obtain the fabric;
the desizing is carried out by adding a desizing agent Goon209 into 30-45g/L sodium hydroxide solution until the concentration of the desizing agent is 1g/L, then adding the fabric blank, heating to 90 ℃ for heat treatment for 1h, and then cleaning with water at 90 ℃;
the dyeing is to put the desized fabric blank into a dye vat, wherein the weight ratio of the fabric blank to the dye liquor is 1:20, wherein the dye liquor comprises 10g/L of disperse dye, 1g/L of penetrating agent JFC and 10g/L of anti-migration agent, the dyeing temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the dyeing time is 0.5-1h;
the shaping finishing is that the dyed fabric blank is dried and shaped by a padder, and then rinsed by clean water and dried, wherein the temperature of the drying and shaping is 110-130 ℃ and the speed of the vehicle is 30-50m/min;
the preparation method of the antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of
Immersing polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers in an ethanol water solution (v/v=5:3), heating to 65 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h, taking out, washing with deionized water, and drying for later use;
(2) Surface activation
Immersing the polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber prepared in the step (1) into an acetone solution (2.2 wt%) of benzophenone, immersing for 1h under normal temperature, carrying out ultraviolet irradiation treatment under anaerobic condition, taking out and washing with anhydrous acetone after the treatment is finished, immersing the fiber obtained after the treatment into an ethanol solution (12 wt%) of glycidyl methacrylate after drying for 1h under normal temperature, carrying out ultraviolet irradiation treatment under anaerobic condition, taking out and washing with anhydrous acetone and deionized water in sequence after the treatment is finished, and drying to obtain the activated fiber;
the treatment time of the ultraviolet irradiation treatment is 0.5h, and the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 365nm;
(3) Surface modification
Weighing sodium tungstate, dispersing the sodium tungstate in deionized water, stirring and dissolving to form a uniform solution (1 mmol/mL), dropwise adding an acetic acid solution until the pH value of a system solution is 7.4-7.5, slowly adding a gadolinium chloride dispersion (1 mmol/mL) under the condition of keeping stirring, heating to above 80 ℃ after the completion of dropwise adding, and stirring until a transparent solution is formed; weighing tannic acid and dissolving the tannic acid in deionized water to obtain tannic acid solution (6 wt%) and immersing the activated fibers in the tannic acid solution, heating to 70 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h, dropwise adding the transparent solution into an impregnating system while the transparent solution is hot, preserving heat for 1h after fully mixing, taking out, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in sequence, and drying at 100-130 ℃ to obtain the modified tannic acid;
the molar ratio of the sodium tungstate to the gadolinium chloride to the tannic acid is 1:1:6.4.
example 2
The woven fabric is formed by interweaving warp yarns and weft yarns, wherein the warp yarns are obtained by blending polyester fibers and cotton fibers, and the weft yarns are obtained by blending antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fibers and cotton fibers;
the count of the warp yarn is 40s, wherein the weight ratio of the polyester fiber to the cotton fiber is 8.5:1.5; the blending process of the warp yarn sequentially comprises the following steps: picking, carding, pre-drawing, combing, mixing, roving, spinning and spooling;
the count of the weft yarn is 30s, wherein the weight ratio of the antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fiber to the cotton fiber is 4.5:5.5, the blending process of the weft yarns is as follows: blowing, cotton carding, combing, drawing, roving, spinning and spooling;
the breathable antibacterial woven fabric is plain weave or twill, the warp density is 170 pieces/inch, and the weft density is 78 pieces/inch;
the manufacturing steps of the breathable antibacterial woven fabric are the same as those of the embodiment 1;
the preparation method of the antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fiber is the same as that of the embodiment 1, wherein the difference of the step (3) is that:
and weighing tannic acid and dissolving in deionized water to obtain tannic acid solution (6 wt%) and immersing the activated fiber in the tannic acid solution, heating to 70 ℃ and preserving heat for 2 hours, taking out and washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in sequence, and drying at 100-130 ℃ to obtain the modified tannic acid.
Example 3
The woven fabric is formed by interweaving warp yarns and weft yarns, wherein the warp yarns are obtained by blending polyester fibers and cotton fibers, and the weft yarns are obtained by blending antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fibers and cotton fibers;
the count of the warp yarn is 40s, wherein the weight ratio of the polyester fiber to the cotton fiber is 8.5:1.5; the blending process of the warp yarn sequentially comprises the following steps: picking, carding, pre-drawing, combing, mixing, roving, spinning and spooling;
the count of the weft yarn is 30s, wherein the weight ratio of the antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fiber to the cotton fiber is 4.5:5.5, the blending process of the weft yarns is as follows: blowing, cotton carding, combing, drawing, roving, spinning and spooling;
the breathable antibacterial woven fabric is plain weave or twill, the warp density is 170 pieces/inch, and the weft density is 78 pieces/inch;
the manufacturing steps of the breathable antibacterial woven fabric are the same as those of the embodiment 1;
the preparation method of the antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fiber is the same as that of the embodiment 1, wherein the difference of the step (3) is that:
weighing sodium tungstate, dispersing the sodium tungstate in deionized water, stirring and dissolving to form a uniform solution (1 mmol/mL), dropwise adding an acetic acid solution until the pH value of a system solution is 7.4-7.5, slowly adding a gadolinium chloride dispersion (1 mmol/mL) under the condition of keeping stirring, heating to above 80 ℃ after the completion of dropwise adding, and stirring until a transparent solution is formed; immersing the activated fibers in the transparent solution, heating to 70 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, taking out, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in sequence, and drying at 100-130 ℃ to obtain the modified cellulose;
the molar ratio of the sodium tungstate to the gadolinium chloride is 1:1.
example 4
The breathable antibacterial woven fabric is formed by interweaving warp yarns and weft yarns, wherein the warp yarns are obtained by blending polyester fibers and cotton fibers, and the weft yarns are obtained by blending antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fibers and cotton fibers;
the count of the warp yarn is 40s, wherein the weight ratio of the polyester fiber to the cotton fiber is 8.5:1.5; the blending process of the warp yarn sequentially comprises the following steps: picking, carding, pre-drawing, combing, mixing, roving, spinning and spooling;
the count of the weft yarn is 30s, wherein the weight ratio of the antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fiber to the cotton fiber is 4.5:5.5, the blending process of the weft yarns is as follows: blowing, cotton carding, combing, drawing, roving, spinning and spooling;
the breathable antibacterial woven fabric is plain weave or twill, the warp density is 170 pieces/inch, and the weft density is 78 pieces/inch;
the manufacturing steps of the breathable antibacterial woven fabric are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the manufacturing steps are different in that after sizing and finishing, the finishing is also carried out, specifically:
dissolving zein in 50wt% ethanol water solution to obtain 150mg/mL protein solution, adding the sizing fabric, standing for 2 hours at normal temperature, rinsing with clear water, and drying again to obtain the woven fabric;
the preparation method of the antibacterial polyacrylonitrile fiber is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example
The breathable woven fabric is formed by interweaving warp yarns and weft yarns, wherein the warp yarns are obtained by blending polyester fibers and cotton fibers, and the weft yarns are obtained by blending polyacrylonitrile fibers and cotton fibers;
the count of the warp yarn is 40s, wherein the weight ratio of the polyester fiber to the cotton fiber is 8.5:1.5; the blending process of the warp yarn sequentially comprises the following steps: picking, carding, pre-drawing, combing, mixing, roving, spinning and spooling;
the count of the weft yarn was 30s, wherein the weight ratio of polyacrylonitrile fiber to cotton fiber was 4.5:5.5, the blending process of the weft yarns is as follows: blowing, cotton carding, combing, drawing, roving, spinning and spooling;
the breathable woven fabric is plain weave or twill, the warp density is 170 pieces/inch, and the weft density is 78 pieces/inch;
the manufacturing steps of the breathable woven fabric are the same as those of the embodiment 1.
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention carries out experimental detection on the fabric prepared by each embodiment, and particularly relates to a breaking strength reference standard GB/T3923.1-2013 method; a detection method of a ventilation reference standard GB/T5453-1997; the antibacterial property (antibacterial rate) is obtained by conversion into percentage according to the detection reference standard GB/T20944-2007; washing with water means normal washing in a washing machine for 30min with clear water at 45 ℃; the hand feeling is according to the standard of T-CTES1017-2019 three-point beam method of textile fabric touch detection and evaluation method, a textile material hand feeling style tester is used for testing the softness and smoothness of the fabric, and the test result is the test average value of three different directions of a sample; the test results are shown in table 1;
finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.