技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种简易VHF频段信道收发装置，属甚高频收发信机技术领域。The invention relates to a simple VHF frequency band channel transceiver device, belonging to the technical field of very high frequency transceivers.
背景技术Background technique
随着无线通信设备的不断升级更迭和快速发展，目前仍在大量使用的年代久远的甚高频电台存在关键的频率合成器件停产、接收机和发射机占用空间大、模拟信号接收灵敏度低，发射背景噪声高及多部电台在不同频点工作时相互串扰严重的缺陷，因此，为充分改造和利用现有甚高频电台，避免资源浪费，降低改造成本，提高国产化率水平，促进该领域研制与时俱进，亟待提供一种研制成本低廉，收发信道合二为一模块化，体积小，工作性能强，替代方便，适配甚高频电台改造利用，有效降低空间占用率的简易VHF频段信道收发装置，以满足军民两用市场的需求。With the continuous upgrading and rapid development of wireless communication equipment, the old VHF radio stations that are still in large use have key frequency synthesis components that have been discontinued, receivers and transmitters occupy large spaces, and analog signal reception sensitivity is low. High background noise and serious crosstalk between multiple radio stations when working at different frequencies. Therefore, in order to fully transform and utilize existing VHF radio stations, avoid waste of resources, reduce transformation costs, improve localization rates, and promote this field Research and development are advancing with the times, and there is an urgent need to provide a simple VHF with low development cost, modularized transceiver and receiver channels, small size, strong working performance, easy replacement, adaptable to the transformation and utilization of VHF radio stations, and effectively reducing space occupancy. Frequency band channel transceiver device to meet the needs of both military and civilian markets.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于，针对上述现有技术的不足，提供一种实现收发信道合二为一模块化，电磁屏蔽性强，中频滤波器插损小，阻带抑制度高，有效提高接收性能指标，射频带通选频滤波器占用空间小、工作性能强和可靠性高，通过增设4FSK调制载波发射硬件平台实现新业务拓展，适配甚高频电台改造升级换代操作，占用空间小，发射噪声低，极大降低改造成本，替代方便，最大限度避免多部电台近距离同时工作时发生串扰，通信质量高的简易VHF频段信道收发装置。The object of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a modular system that combines the transceiver and receiver channels into one, has strong electromagnetic shielding, has low insertion loss of the intermediate frequency filter, has high stopband suppression, and effectively improves the reception performance index. , the RF bandpass frequency-selective filter occupies a small space, has strong working performance and high reliability. It realizes new business expansion by adding a 4FSK modulated carrier transmission hardware platform, and is suitable for the transformation and upgrading of VHF radio stations. It occupies a small space and transmits noise. It is a simple VHF band channel transceiver device that is low, greatly reduces the modification cost, is easy to replace, avoids crosstalk when multiple radio stations are working at close range at the same time, and has high communication quality.
本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现上述目的的：The present invention achieves the above objects through the following technical solutions:
一种简易VHF频段信道收发装置，它由装置盒和电路板构成，所述电路板安装在装置盒中；其特点是，所述装置盒由外壳、盖板和多个屏蔽腔组成，所述电路板上安装有收/发信道模块，所述收/发信道模块主要由接收电路、发射电路、电源电路组成；所述接收电路由低噪放大选频电路、混频电路、中频放大电路、中频晶体滤波和自动增益控制电路、接收解调电路和接收频率合成电路组成；所述发射电路由发射频率合成电路、发射前级驱动放大电路、发射后级驱动放大电路和功率检测电路组成；所述外壳内制作有多个屏蔽腔，所述盖板上也制作有多个屏蔽腔，所述屏蔽腔内分别安装有接收电路和发射电路的上述各单个模块电路，所述外壳和盖板对电路板作密封和屏蔽；所述发射电路的发射频率合成电路选用型号为LMX2571的锁相环鉴相器，实现4FSK数字基带信号直接调制到射频载波上的4FSK数字信号调制，为拓展4FSK调制载波提供一种全新硬件平台；同时，通过发射压控振荡器VCO输入FM模拟调制信号产生调频调制载波。A simple VHF band channel transceiver device, which is composed of a device box and a circuit board, and the circuit board is installed in the device box; its characteristic is that the device box is composed of a shell, a cover plate and a plurality of shielding cavities, and the A receiving/transmitting channel module is installed on the circuit board. The receiving/transmitting channel module is mainly composed of a receiving circuit, a transmitting circuit, and a power supply circuit; the receiving circuit is composed of a low-noise amplification frequency selection circuit, a mixing circuit, an intermediate frequency amplification circuit, It is composed of an intermediate frequency crystal filter and automatic gain control circuit, a receiving demodulation circuit and a receiving frequency synthesis circuit; the transmitting circuit is composed of a transmitting frequency synthesis circuit, a pre-transmitting drive amplifier circuit, a post-transmit drive amplifier circuit and a power detection circuit; A plurality of shielding cavities are made in the casing, and a plurality of shielding cavities are also made in the cover plate. Each of the above-mentioned single module circuits of the receiving circuit and the transmitting circuit are respectively installed in the shielding cavity. The casing and the cover plate pair The circuit board is sealed and shielded; the transmit frequency synthesis circuit of the transmit circuit uses a phase-locked loop phase detector model of LMX2571 to realize the direct modulation of the 4FSK digital baseband signal to the 4FSK digital signal modulation on the radio frequency carrier, in order to expand the 4FSK modulated carrier Provides a new hardware platform; at the same time, the FM analog modulation signal is input through the transmitter voltage controlled oscillator VCO to generate an FM modulated carrier wave.
所述的电路板的一边安装有25芯插座，电路板的另一边安装有XS1～XS4射频插座，所述XS1射频插座与外部接收射频接口连接，所述XS2射频插座和XS3射频插座与外部的外接腔体滤波器连接，通过外接腔体滤波器抑制发射信号的底部噪声以及抑制谐波和杂波信号。A 25-core socket is installed on one side of the circuit board, and XS1~XS4 radio frequency sockets are installed on the other side of the circuit board. The XS1 radio frequency socket is connected to the external receiving radio frequency interface, and the XS2 radio frequency socket and XS3 radio frequency socket are connected to the external The external cavity filter is connected to suppress the bottom noise of the transmitted signal and suppress harmonics and clutter signals through the external cavity filter.
所述的接收电路的低噪放大选频电路选用型号为ATF54143的低噪放，射频带通选频滤波器选用型号为SF1137的声表面波滤波器，中频滤波器选用型号为LST58.05OMA3的晶体滤波器，接收电路锁相环鉴相器选用型号为ADF4212的双环鉴相器。The low-noise amplification and frequency selection circuit of the receiving circuit uses the low-noise amplifier model ATF54143, the RF bandpass frequency selection filter uses the surface acoustic wave filter model SF1137, and the intermediate frequency filter uses the crystal model LST58.05OMA3. The filter and phase-locked loop phase detector of the receiving circuit adopt the dual-loop phase detector model ADF4212.
所述的发射前级驱动放大电路选用型号为2SC3357-A的射频功率放大管，所述发射后级驱动放大电路选用型号为RD01MUS2B的大功率驱动放大器，所述功率检测电路包括微带线耦合器、电阻∏型衰减器和对数检波器。The pre-transmission drive amplifier circuit uses a radio frequency power amplifier tube model 2SC3357-A, the post-transmit drive amplifier circuit uses a high-power drive amplifier model RD01MUS2B, and the power detection circuit includes a microstrip line coupler , resistance ∏ type attenuator and logarithmic detector.
所述的发射压控振荡器VCO和环路滤波器采用分立元件构建，设置在屏蔽腔中进行充分隔离和屏蔽。The described transmitting voltage controlled oscillator VCO and loop filter are constructed using discrete components and are placed in a shielding cavity for full isolation and shielding.
所述的发射电路通过PLL发射频率合成电路产生射频载波，并将输入的音频信号以FM调频方式调制到由发射压控振荡器VCO产生的射频载波上，4FSK数字信号通过发射频率合成电路的锁相环鉴相器直接调制到射频载波上，实现发射功率自动闭环调节、放大，及有效抑制谐波杂波和背景噪声。The transmitting circuit generates a radio frequency carrier through the PLL transmit frequency synthesis circuit, and modulates the input audio signal to the radio frequency carrier generated by the transmit voltage controlled oscillator VCO in the FM frequency modulation mode. The 4FSK digital signal passes through the lock of the transmit frequency synthesis circuit. The phase loop detector is directly modulated to the radio frequency carrier to realize automatic closed-loop adjustment and amplification of the transmit power, and effectively suppress harmonic clutter and background noise.
所述的电源电路由低压差稳压电路、对外接口电路和电压转换电路组成，所述低压差稳压电路设置于电路板上，低压差稳压电路选用型号为XC6210A502MR、XC6204A332MR和78L08的直流稳压电路，所述对外接口电路选用规格为220-251-20-10插座与外部接口连接；所述电压转换电路选用型号为DTC124EKA和74AHC1G00实现控制信号电平反转。The power supply circuit is composed of a low voltage dropout voltage stabilizing circuit, an external interface circuit and a voltage conversion circuit. The low voltage dropout voltage stabilizing circuit is arranged on a circuit board. The low voltage dropout voltage stabilizing circuit uses DC stabilizers with models XC6210A502MR, XC6204A332MR and 78L08. Voltage circuit, the external interface circuit uses a 220-251-20-10 socket to connect to the external interface; the voltage conversion circuit uses models DTC124EKA and 74AHC1G00 to achieve control signal level inversion.
所述的外接控制电路由控制处理器、异步串口电路和按键电路组成，所述控制电路选用型号为ST89LE516RD芯片，实现接收电路和发射电路的PLL锁相环频率合成控制；异步串口电路采用MAX3245EEAT实现RS232电平和LVCMOS3.3V电平的转换；按键电路通过8位拨码开关实现频率改变；所述外接控制电路通过与25芯插座连接，进行程序下载，实现对收发锁相环组成的频率合成电路送频率字、频点设置和波道选择。The external control circuit is composed of a control processor, an asynchronous serial port circuit and a button circuit. The control circuit uses the ST89LE516RD chip to realize the PLL phase-locked loop frequency synthesis control of the receiving circuit and the transmitting circuit; the asynchronous serial port circuit is implemented by MAX3245EEAT. Conversion of RS232 level and LVCMOS3.3V level; the key circuit realizes frequency change through 8-bit DIP switch; the external control circuit is connected to the 25-core socket to download the program to realize the frequency synthesis circuit composed of the transceiver phase-locked loop Send frequency word, frequency point setting and channel selection.
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果在于：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
该简易VHF频段信道收发装置，通过将收发信道合二为一模块化，大大减少空间占用，发射频率合成器锁相环的鉴相芯片采用LMX2571实现直接将4FSK调制到射频载波，接收频率合成器采用ADF4212完美替代原LMX2335，射频选频滤波器采用声表面波滤波器SF1137，大幅缩减了原腔体螺旋滤波器体积，中频滤波器采用矩形系数更高及通带插损更小的LST58.050MA3晶体滤波器，明显提升了接收中频、像频、互调以及杂散响应指标，同时通过优化选取中频频率和充分使用外壳内铣制的多个屏蔽腔，使电台波道无串扰，模拟灵敏度更高，发射背景噪声小，谐波杂散抑制度高，接收机的动态范围大，解决了155～163MHz工作频段收发信道机存在的关键的频率合成器件停产、接收机和发射机占用空间大、模拟信号接收灵敏度低，发射背景噪声高及多部电台在不同频点工作时相互串扰严重的问题。This simple VHF band channel transceiver device greatly reduces space occupation by combining the transceiver channel into a modular module. The phase detector chip of the phase-locked loop of the transmit frequency synthesizer uses LMX2571 to directly modulate 4FSK to the radio frequency carrier. The receive frequency synthesizer ADF4212 is used to perfectly replace the original LMX2335. The RF frequency selection filter uses the surface acoustic wave filter SF1137, which greatly reduces the volume of the original cavity spiral filter. The intermediate frequency filter uses LST58.050MA3 with a higher rectangular coefficient and smaller passband insertion loss. The crystal filter significantly improves the receiving intermediate frequency, image frequency, intermodulation and spurious response indicators. At the same time, by optimizing the selection of intermediate frequency and making full use of multiple shielding cavities milled in the casing, the radio channel has no crosstalk and the simulation sensitivity is higher. High, low emission background noise, high harmonic spurious suppression, and large dynamic range of the receiver, which solves the key problems of the 155-163MHz operating frequency band transceiver channel machine: discontinuation of frequency synthesis components, large space occupied by receivers and transmitters, Analog signal reception sensitivity is low, transmitting background noise is high, and multiple radio stations suffer from serious crosstalk when working at different frequencies.
该简易VHF频段信道收发装置，以156.800MHz测试的实测结果表明：频率误差0.3ppm，音频失真1.0%，调制失真发射载波功率29.5dBm，调制失真1.1%，2次谐波抑制80.0dB，三次谐波抑制79.8dB，模拟灵敏度-122dBm，杂散响应抗扰性≥71dB，互调（200KHz间隔）70.8KHz中频和像频抑制性90dB，双信号选择性72.8dB。接收通道动态范围超过100dB以上，性能指标优越。实现了VHF频段收发信道装置的可靠传输，收发话音清晰，实用性强，非常适合甚高频电台改造升级换代使用。The actual measurement results of this simple VHF band channel transceiver device tested at 156.800MHz show that: frequency error 0.3ppm, audio distortion 1.0%, modulation distortion, transmit carrier power 29.5dBm, modulation distortion 1.1%, 2nd harmonic suppression 80.0dB, 3rd harmonic suppression Wave suppression 79.8dB, analog sensitivity -122dBm, spurious response immunity ≥71dB, intermodulation (200KHz spacing) 70.8KHz intermediate frequency and image frequency suppression 90dB, dual signal selectivity 72.8dB. The dynamic range of the receiving channel exceeds 100dB, and the performance indicators are excellent. It achieves reliable transmission of the VHF band transceiver channel device. The transceiver voice is clear and practical. It is very suitable for the renovation and upgrading of VHF radio stations.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为一种简易VHF频段信道收发装置的整体结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a simple VHF band channel transceiver device;
图2为盖板的结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the cover plate;
图3为外壳的结构示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the shell;
图4为图3的A-A示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of A-A in Figure 3;
图5为图3的B-B示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of B-B in Figure 3;
图6为图3的C-C示意图；Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of C-C in Figure 3;
图7为图3的D-D示意图；Figure 7 is a D-D schematic diagram of Figure 3;
图8为一种简易VHF频段信道收发装置的工作原理方框示意图；Figure 8 is a block diagram of the working principle of a simple VHF band channel transceiver device;
图9为低噪放大选频电路图；Figure 9 is a low-noise amplification frequency selection circuit diagram;
图10为混频电路图；Figure 10 is the mixing circuit diagram;
图11为中频放大电路图；Figure 11 is the intermediate frequency amplifier circuit diagram;
图12为中频晶体滤波和自动增益控制电路图；Figure 12 is the circuit diagram of the intermediate frequency crystal filter and automatic gain control;
图13为接收解调电路图；Figure 13 is a receiving and demodulating circuit diagram;
图14-1为接收频率合成电路图；Figure 14-1 is the receiving frequency synthesis circuit diagram;
图14-2为接收频率合成电路图；Figure 14-2 is the receiving frequency synthesis circuit diagram;
图15为发射频率合成电路图；Figure 15 is the transmit frequency synthesis circuit diagram;
图16为前级驱动放大电路图；Figure 16 is the pre-drive amplifier circuit diagram;
图17为后级驱动放大电路图；Figure 17 is a diagram of the post-drive amplifier circuit;
图18为功率检测电路图；Figure 18 is the power detection circuit diagram;
图19为电源电路图；Figure 19 is the power circuit diagram;
图20-1为外接控制电路图；Figure 20-1 is an external control circuit diagram;
图20-2为外接控制电路图；Figure 20-2 is an external control circuit diagram;
图21为接收模拟调试的仪表与设备连线示意图；Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the connection between instruments and equipment for receiving simulation debugging;
图22为载波功率调试的仪表与设备连线示意图；Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the instrument and equipment connection for carrier power debugging;
图23为杂散发射分量测试的仪表与设备连线示意图；Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the instrument and equipment connection for spurious emission component testing;
图24为外壳的后视结构示意图。Figure 24 is a schematic rear structural view of the housing.
图中：1、外壳，2、盖板，3、屏蔽腔，4、电路板。In the picture: 1. Shell, 2. Cover plate, 3. Shielding cavity, 4. Circuit board.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明的设计思路是：虽然无线通信设备在不断升级更迭和快速发展，但考虑到无线通信设备的建设成本和原有技术体制，及市场需求和产业链实际情况和应用场景动态变化，因此设备研发制造需要与时俱进，提升国产化率水平，充分改造利用现有无线通信设备以满足军民两用客户的需求。The design idea of the present invention is: although wireless communication equipment is constantly upgrading and developing rapidly, taking into account the construction cost and original technical system of wireless communication equipment, as well as the dynamic changes in market demand, actual industrial chain conditions and application scenarios, the equipment R&D and manufacturing need to keep pace with the times, improve the localization rate, and fully transform and utilize existing wireless communication equipment to meet the needs of dual-use customers.
目前甚高频电台接收机和发射机的锁相环频率合成芯片采用NationalSemiconductor公司LMX2335，它是一个双锁相环、整数分频的PLL频率合成鉴相器，其已停产多年，收发信道机频率合成器电路需要重新设计；同时，原中频晶体滤波器插损大，阻带抑制度低，矩形系数不够陡峭，导致电台接收性能指标低，加上原中频频率21.4MHz选取不当，导致多台电台近距离同时工作时易串扰；原低噪放前端的射频带通选频滤波器采用螺旋腔体结构，占用空间体积大，原电台接收机和发射机为独立单元设计结构，不便于小型化；且原有屏蔽盒只能屏蔽部分电路,覆盖面小，电磁屏蔽不充分。Currently, the phase-locked loop frequency synthesis chip of VHF radio receivers and transmitters uses National Semiconductor's LMX2335. It is a double phase-locked loop, integer frequency division PLL frequency synthesis phase detector. It has been discontinued for many years. The transceiver channel machine frequency The synthesizer circuit needs to be redesigned; at the same time, the original IF crystal filter has large insertion loss, low stopband suppression, and not steep enough rectangular coefficient, resulting in low radio reception performance indicators. In addition, the original IF frequency of 21.4MHz was improperly selected, resulting in multiple radio stations close to each other. It is easy to crosstalk when working at a distance; the original RF bandpass frequency selection filter at the front end of the low-noise amplifier adopts a spiral cavity structure, which takes up a large space. The original radio receiver and transmitter are independent unit design structures, which is not convenient for miniaturization; and The original shielding box can only shield part of the circuit, with small coverage and insufficient electromagnetic shielding.
随着电台的升级更迭,既要求原位替换国产器件、占用空间体积小，又要保持原工作性能并不断完善配置更多功能，且对可靠性的要求也更高。因此，研发一种构建起4FSK调制载波发射硬件平台以进行新业务拓展，对关键的收发电路进行研制开发和单元替代，收发电路通过腔体屏蔽合二为一模块化，适配现有甚高频电台改造利用，实用性及电磁屏蔽性强，工作稳定可靠，体积小，提高国产化率水平，成本低廉的VHF频段信道收发装置是非常有必要的。With the upgrade and replacement of radio stations, it is required to replace domestic components in situ and occupy a small space, while maintaining the original working performance and continuously improving and configuring more functions, and the requirements for reliability are also higher. Therefore, a 4FSK modulated carrier transmission hardware platform was developed to expand new services, and the key transceiver circuits were developed and replaced by units. The transceiver circuits were combined into one module through cavity shielding, adapting to the existing very high It is very necessary to renovate and utilize VHF radio stations with strong practicality and electromagnetic shielding, stable and reliable operation, small size, and improve the localization rate. Low-cost VHF band channel transceiver devices are very necessary.
下面结合附图对该简易VHF频段信道收发装置的实施方式作进一步详细说明（参见图1～24）：The implementation of the simple VHF band channel transceiver device will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings (see Figures 1 to 24):
该简易VHF频段信道收发装置由装置盒和电路板4构成，所述电路板4安装在装置盒中；所述装置盒由外壳1、盖板2和多个屏蔽腔3构成，外壳1和盖板2内通过铣床铣切制作有屏蔽腔3；所述电路板4通过螺钉竖直固定在外壳1内，所述盖板2与外壳1配合对电路板4进行密封和屏蔽，外壳1和盖板2的板材为铝合金，防止电磁泄露。电路板4的一边安装有XS1射频插座～XS4射频插座，电路板4的另一边安装有25芯插座；XS1射频插座～XS4射频插座与25芯插座作为对外接口分别连接外接控制电路和音频及PTT状态信号接口。This simple VHF band channel transceiver device is composed of a device box and a circuit board 4. The circuit board 4 is installed in the device box; the device box is composed of a shell 1, a cover plate 2 and a plurality of shielding cavities 3. The shell 1 and the cover A shielding cavity 3 is made in the board 2 by milling with a milling machine; the circuit board 4 is vertically fixed in the housing 1 with screws, and the cover plate 2 cooperates with the housing 1 to seal and shield the circuit board 4. The housing 1 and the cover The plate material of plate 2 is aluminum alloy to prevent electromagnetic leakage. One side of the circuit board 4 is equipped with XS1 RF sockets ~ XS4 RF sockets, and the other side of the circuit board 4 is equipped with a 25-core socket; Status signal interface.
其中电路板4的XS1射频插座连接外部发射射频接口，XS4射频插座连接外部接收射频接口，XS2射频插座和XS3射频插座与外部的外接腔体滤波器连接，抑制发射信号的底部噪声，同时抑制谐波和杂波；所述外接腔体滤波器为窄带腔体带通滤波器，采用谐振杆耦合设计，内含四个谐振腔，其调谐螺钉用于微调本外接腔体滤波器的带宽和频率；外接腔体滤波器具有结构牢固，性能稳定可靠，体积小，Q值适中，高端寄生通带较远且散热性能好的特性，实用于大功率、高频率。通过外接腔体滤波器选频和阻带抑制，有效抑制带外干扰信号，而通带内信号则以低的插损接收，进入接收电路通道；同时实现对功放输出的发射信号的带外杂散和噪声进行有效抑制，尤其对抑制发射带外电磁污染、提高接收背景抗底噪干扰能力有非常好的效果。The XS1 RF socket on circuit board 4 is connected to the external transmitting RF interface, the XS4 RF socket is connected to the external receiving RF interface, the XS2 RF socket and the Waves and clutter; the external cavity filter is a narrow-band cavity bandpass filter, which adopts a resonant rod coupling design and contains four resonant cavities. Its tuning screw is used to fine-tune the bandwidth and frequency of the external cavity filter. ; The external cavity filter has the characteristics of solid structure, stable and reliable performance, small size, moderate Q value, far high-end parasitic passband and good heat dissipation performance, and is suitable for high power and high frequency. Through the external cavity filter frequency selection and stop-band suppression, out-of-band interference signals are effectively suppressed, while signals in the pass-band are received with low insertion loss and enter the receiving circuit channel; at the same time, out-of-band interference of the transmit signal output by the power amplifier is achieved. It effectively suppresses scattering and noise, especially has a very good effect on suppressing electromagnetic pollution outside the emission band and improving the ability of the receiving background to resist background noise interference.
电路板4上安装有收/发信道模块，收/发信道模块主要由接收电路、发射电路、电源电路组成；所述接收电路由低噪放大选频电路、混频电路、中频放大电路、中频晶体滤波和自动增益控制电路、接收解调电路和接收频率合成电路组成；（参见图9～图14）。A receiving/transmitting channel module is installed on the circuit board 4. The receiving/transmitting channel module is mainly composed of a receiving circuit, a transmitting circuit, and a power supply circuit; the receiving circuit is composed of a low-noise amplification frequency selection circuit, a mixing circuit, an intermediate frequency amplification circuit, an intermediate frequency It is composed of crystal filter and automatic gain control circuit, receiving demodulation circuit and receiving frequency synthesis circuit; (see Figure 9 to Figure 14).
接收电路整体采用超外差二次接收电路架构，一中频为58.05MHz，二中频为455KHz；低噪放大选频电路（参见图9）中的射频低噪放大器和中频放大电路（参见图11）中的低噪放选用ATF54143，噪声系数0.5dB，P1dB压缩点输出功率20.4dBm，16.6dB增益。The overall receiving circuit adopts a superheterodyne secondary receiving circuit architecture, with the first intermediate frequency being 58.05MHz and the second intermediate frequency being 455KHz; the radio frequency low-noise amplifier and intermediate frequency amplifier circuit (see Figure 11) in the low-noise amplification frequency selection circuit (see Figure 9) The low-noise amplifier is ATF54143, with a noise coefficient of 0.5dB, a P1dB compression point output power of 20.4dBm, and a gain of 16.6dB.
射频带通选频滤波器（参见图9），采用北京中讯四方声表滤波器SF1137，封装尺寸5.00x5.00x1.50mm3，替换原腔体螺旋滤波器，体积更小，中心插损1.7dB，BW1dB带宽9.7MHz, BW40dB带宽29MHz。The RF bandpass frequency-selective filter (see Figure 9) adopts Beijing Zhongxun Sifang SAW filter SF1137, with a package size of 5.00x5.00x1.50mm3 , replacing the original cavity spiral filter, with a smaller size and a center insertion loss of 1.7 dB, BW1dB bandwidth is 9.7MHz, BW40dB bandwidth is 29MHz.
中频晶体滤波和自动增益控制电路（参见图12），中频晶体滤波器采用辽宁鸿宇的LST58.05OMA3，阻带衰减达到80dB以上，矩形系数2.5，插入损耗2.8dB，标称频率58.050MHz,提升了中频、像频、互调和杂散响应指标。Intermediate frequency crystal filter and automatic gain control circuit (see Figure 12). The intermediate frequency crystal filter adopts LST58.05OMA3 from Liaoning Hongyu. The stopband attenuation reaches more than 80dB, the rectangularity coefficient is 2.5, the insertion loss is 2.8dB, and the nominal frequency is 58.050MHz. Intermediate frequency, image frequency, intermodulation and spurious response indicators are included.
混频电路（参见图10），混频电路的混频器件采用ADL5350，射频输入和来自接收频率合成电路（参见图14-1和图14-2）中的接收频率合成器产生的射频本振信号LO_V5混频，产生的中频信号经中频放大电路（参见图11）放大，经中频晶体滤波和自动增益控制电路（参见图12）中的中频晶体滤波和中频AGC闭环增益控制后，送入到接收解调电路（参见图13）中的鉴频解调器NJM2591进行二中频混频，455KHz鉴频处理，解调出模拟音频信号送音频运放SM358放大后，还原出模拟话音，同时，二中频内部也经过AGC闭环控制，三级AGC自动调节使接收电路动态范围高达105dB以上。Mixing circuit (see Figure 10), the mixing device of the mixing circuit uses ADL5350, RF input and the RF local oscillator generated from the receiving frequency synthesizer in the receiving frequency synthesis circuit (see Figure 14-1 and Figure 14-2) The signal LO_V5 is mixed, and the generated intermediate frequency signal is amplified by the intermediate frequency amplification circuit (see Figure 11), and then sent to the The frequency discrimination demodulator NJM2591 in the receiving demodulation circuit (see Figure 13) performs two intermediate frequency mixing and 455KHz frequency discrimination processing. It demodulates the analog audio signal and sends it to the audio op amp SM358 for amplification to restore the analog voice. At the same time, the two The IF is also internally controlled by AGC closed loop, and the three-level AGC automatic adjustment makes the dynamic range of the receiving circuit as high as 105dB or more.
接收频率合成电路（参见图14-1和图14-2）中的锁相环鉴相器采用双环的ADF4212鉴相器，采用整数分频锁相方式相位噪声低，实现完善替代LMX2335；接收压控振荡器VCO和环路滤波器采用分立器件构建,技术自主可控（参见图14和图15），通过相应屏蔽腔3隔离屏蔽。The phase-locked loop phase detector in the receiving frequency synthesis circuit (see Figure 14-1 and Figure 14-2) uses a double-loop ADF4212 phase detector. It adopts an integer frequency division phase-locking method with low phase noise, realizing a perfect replacement for the LMX2335; the receiving voltage The controlled oscillator VCO and loop filter are constructed using discrete components, which are independently controllable by technology (see Figure 14 and Figure 15), and are isolated and shielded through corresponding shielding cavities 3.
混频电路（参见图10）中的射频AGC调节器件，采用模拟衰减器RFSA2013，通过接收解调电路（参见图13）中的鉴频解调器NJM2591自动检测出模拟场强信号RSSI，控制射频模拟衰减器RFSA2013，当接收到的射频信号足够强时，RSSI的模拟电压变大，模拟衰减器的衰减量变大，使射频输入信号变小，RSSI模拟电压变小，实现射频AGC自动增益控制。中频自动增益调节（参见图12）也是通过RSSI信号闭环控制3SK294实现中频自动增益AGC调节。The radio frequency AGC adjustment device in the mixing circuit (see Figure 10) uses the analog attenuator RFSA2013. The analog field strength signal RSSI is automatically detected through the frequency discrimination demodulator NJM2591 in the receiving demodulation circuit (see Figure 13) to control the radio frequency. Analog attenuator RFSA2013, when the received RF signal is strong enough, the RSSI analog voltage becomes larger, and the attenuation of the analog attenuator becomes larger, making the RF input signal smaller and the RSSI analog voltage smaller, realizing RF AGC automatic gain control. The intermediate frequency automatic gain adjustment (see Figure 12) also realizes the intermediate frequency automatic gain AGC adjustment through the RSSI signal closed-loop control 3SK294.
接收电路的各模块电路对应放置在外壳1与盖板2的屏蔽腔3中，通过所述屏蔽腔3对其进行充分有效隔离和屏蔽；所述接收电路实现射频有用信号选择、低噪声放大、射频AGC调节、接收PLL频率合成，混频变频、中频放大、中频晶体滤波、中频AGC调节、中频鉴频解调和音频放大功能。电路板4上的XS4射频插座通过外壳1的XS4插座连接到外部接收射频接口，其余模块电路的外部接口连接到25芯插座上。Each module circuit of the receiving circuit is placed correspondingly in the shielding cavity 3 of the housing 1 and the cover plate 2, and is fully and effectively isolated and shielded through the shielding cavity 3; the receiving circuit realizes radio frequency useful signal selection, low-noise amplification, RF AGC adjustment, receiving PLL frequency synthesis, frequency mixing and conversion, IF amplification, IF crystal filtering, IF AGC adjustment, IF frequency discrimination demodulation and audio amplification functions. The XS4 RF socket on circuit board 4 is connected to the external receiving RF interface through the XS4 socket of shell 1, and the external interfaces of the remaining module circuits are connected to the 25-core socket.
所述发射电路由发射频率合成电路、发射前级驱动放大电路、发射后级驱动放大电路和功率检测电路组成；（参见图15～图18）。The transmitting circuit is composed of a transmitting frequency synthesis circuit, a pre-transmitting drive amplifier circuit, a post-transmitting drive amplifier circuit and a power detection circuit; (see Figures 15 to 18).
电路板4上还安装有外接控制电路、外接腔体滤波器和环路滤波器，所述发射电路的环路滤波器和发射压控振荡器VCO采用分立元件构成（参见图14），同样对应安装于屏蔽腔3内。The circuit board 4 is also equipped with an external control circuit, an external cavity filter and a loop filter. The loop filter of the transmitting circuit and the transmitting voltage controlled oscillator VCO are composed of discrete components (see Figure 14), which also correspond to Installed in shielding cavity 3.
发射频率合成电路（参见图15）的锁相环鉴相器采用LMX2571，通过三根控制线CLOCK、DATA、LETX送入的4FSK数字基带信号直接调制到由发射压控振荡器VCO产生的射频载波上，对拓展4FSK调制载波提供一种全新硬件平台；同时FM模拟调制则通过发射压控振荡器VCO的调制输入口MODVCO输入，实现产生调频调制载波；完善替代LMX2335，实现直接进行4FSK数字信号调制，利于现有甚高频电台升级换代改造。The phase-locked loop phase detector of the transmit frequency synthesis circuit (see Figure 15) uses LMX2571. The 4FSK digital baseband signal sent through the three control lines CLOCK, DATA, and LETX is directly modulated onto the radio frequency carrier generated by the transmit voltage controlled oscillator VCO. , provides a new hardware platform for expanding 4FSK modulated carriers; at the same time, FM analog modulation realizes the generation of FM modulated carriers through the MODVCO input of the modulation input port of the transmitter voltage controlled oscillator VCO; it is a perfect replacement for LMX2335 to realize direct 4FSK digital signal modulation. Conducive to the upgrading and transformation of existing VHF radio stations.
发射电路的前级驱动功率放大电路（参见图16）中的前两级驱动射频功率放大管采用2SC3357-A，经过两级级联放大，将调制载波功率推动到20dBm±0.5 dBm，送入到后级驱动放大电路（参见图17）中的匹配滤波输入口，经功率推动放大器RD01MUS2B大功率放大，产生31.5dBm±0.5dBm输出功率，再经低通滤波器滤波，通过射频插座XS3送入到外接腔体滤波器进行谐波、杂散、发射背景噪声抑制，经外接腔体滤波器输出，通过XS2射频插座送入到功率检测电路（参见图18）中的微带线耦合器，微带线耦合器以极低的插损输出送到XS1射频插座输出发射射频功率；通过微带线耦合器耦合的发射功率经电阻Π型网络衰减后送对数检波器AD8361ARM，将射频功率信号检波成模拟电压，模拟电压经运算放大器OPA2227U的负反馈放大后直接闭环控制后级驱动放大电路（参见图17）的RD01MUS2B功率推动放大器的栅极输入端，从而实现发射功率闭环调节控制。The first two stages of driving RF power amplifier tubes in the front-stage driving power amplifier circuit of the transmitting circuit (see Figure 16) use 2SC3357-A. After two stages of cascade amplification, the modulated carrier power is pushed to 20dBm±0.5dBm and sent to The matched filter input port in the post-drive amplifier circuit (see Figure 17) is amplified by the power amplifier RD01MUS2B to produce an output power of 31.5dBm±0.5dBm, which is then filtered by a low-pass filter and sent to the RF socket XS3 The external cavity filter is used to suppress harmonics, spurious, and emission background noise. The output of the external cavity filter is sent to the microstrip line coupler in the power detection circuit (see Figure 18) through the XS2 RF socket. Microstrip The line coupler outputs extremely low insertion loss to the XS1 RF socket to output the transmit RF power; the transmit power coupled through the microstrip line coupler is attenuated by the resistor Π-type network and then sent to the logarithmic detector AD8361ARM, which detects the RF power signal into Analog voltage, the analog voltage is amplified by the negative feedback of the operational amplifier OPA2227U and then directly closed-loop controls the RD01MUS2B power of the post-drive amplifier circuit (see Figure 17) to push the gate input end of the amplifier, thereby achieving closed-loop adjustment control of the transmit power.
发射电路的环路滤波器与发射频率合成器电路（参见图15）LMX2571锁相环鉴相器芯片连接，发射压控振荡器VCO和环路滤波器采用分立器件搭建，对应放置在屏蔽腔3内进行充分隔离屏蔽。所述功率推动放大器后级的外接腔体滤波器采用订制模块，Q值和阻带抑制率高，插入损耗小，实现有效抑制发射的背景噪声和杂散。The loop filter of the transmitting circuit is connected to the LMX2571 phase-locked loop phase detector chip of the transmitting frequency synthesizer circuit (see Figure 15). The transmitting voltage-controlled oscillator VCO and loop filter are built with discrete components and placed in the shielding cavity 3. Provide sufficient isolation and shielding inside. The external cavity filter in the rear stage of the power boost amplifier adopts a customized module, which has high Q value and stop-band suppression rate, and small insertion loss, effectively suppressing the background noise and spurious emissions.
发射电路通过PLL频率合成产生射频载波，并将输入音频信号以FM调频方式调制到VCO产生的射频载波上，4FSK数字信号通过锁相环鉴相器直接调制到射频载波上，发射电路实现自动闭环调节、放大发射功率，有效抑制谐波杂波和背景噪声。电路板4上的XS1、XS2、XS3射频插座和外壳1的XS1、XS2、XS3插座一一对应连接，其中外壳1的XS2和XS3插座与外部的外接腔体滤波器连接，外壳1的XS1插座连接外部发射射频口，其余模块电路的外部接口连接到25芯插座上。The transmitting circuit generates a radio frequency carrier through PLL frequency synthesis, and modulates the input audio signal to the radio frequency carrier generated by the VCO in FM frequency modulation. The 4FSK digital signal is directly modulated to the radio frequency carrier through the phase locked loop phase detector, and the transmitting circuit realizes automatic closed loop Adjust and amplify the transmit power to effectively suppress harmonic clutter and background noise. The XS1, XS2, and XS3 RF sockets on circuit board 4 are connected to the XS1, XS2, and Connect the external transmitting RF port, and connect the external interfaces of the remaining module circuits to the 25-core socket.
所述外接腔体滤波器为窄带腔体带通滤波器。The external cavity filter is a narrowband cavity bandpass filter.
所述电源电路主要由低压差稳压电路、对外接口电路、电压转换电路组成（参见图19）；低压差稳压电路由多个LDO低压差稳压器构成，主要选用XC6210A502MR、XC6204A332MR和78L08器件，对外接口电路通过220-251-20-10插座将输入输出信号和电源与外部接口连接。电压转换电路主要依靠DTC124EKA和74AHC1G00实现控制信号电平反转。电源电路实现控制信号切换，对外接口转接，为各模块电路提供稳定的直流电压。电源电路通过25芯插座和外部调试接口相连接。The power supply circuit is mainly composed of a low voltage dropout voltage stabilizing circuit, an external interface circuit, and a voltage conversion circuit (see Figure 19); the low voltage dropout voltage stabilizing circuit is composed of multiple LDO low voltage dropout voltage regulators, mainly using XC6210A502MR, XC6204A332MR and 78L08 devices , the external interface circuit connects input and output signals and power to the external interface through the 220-251-20-10 socket. The voltage conversion circuit mainly relies on DTC124EKA and 74AHC1G00 to achieve control signal level inversion. The power circuit implements control signal switching and external interface transfer to provide stable DC voltage for each module circuit. The power circuit is connected to the external debugging interface through a 25-pin socket.
外接控制电路主要由控制处理器、按键电路、异步串口电路组成。所述控制电路采用ST89LE516RD+芯片，实现接收电路和发射电路的PLL频率合成控制；异步串口电路采用MAX3245EEAT芯片，实现RS232电平和LVCMOS3.3V电平转换；按键电路通过8位拨码开关实现频率改变（参见图20-1和图20-2）。The external control circuit is mainly composed of a control processor, a button circuit, and an asynchronous serial port circuit. The control circuit uses the ST89LE516RD+ chip to realize PLL frequency synthesis control of the receiving circuit and the transmitting circuit; the asynchronous serial port circuit uses the MAX3245EEAT chip to realize RS232 level and LVCMOS3.3V level conversion; the button circuit realizes frequency change through an 8-bit DIP switch ( See Figure 20-1 and Figure 20-2).
所述外接控制电路主要用于配合简易VHF频段收发信道装置调试使用，属于独立外部电路，实现对简易VHF频段收发信道装置的接口调试控制；外接控制电路通过与25芯插座和收/发信道模块连接进行程序下载，实现对收发锁相环组成的频率合成电路送频率字、频点设置、波道选择、PTT收发控制和模式选择。The external control circuit is mainly used to cooperate with the debugging of the simple VHF band transceiver channel device. It is an independent external circuit and realizes the interface debugging control of the simple VHF band transceiver channel device. The external control circuit is connected to the 25-core socket and the transceiver channel module. Connect to download the program to realize sending frequency word, frequency point setting, channel selection, PTT transceiver control and mode selection to the frequency synthesis circuit composed of transceiver phase-locked loop.
下表为该简易VHF频段信道收发装置的材料组成The following table shows the material composition of this simple VHF band channel transceiver device.
该简易VHF频段信道收发装置的检验调试过程如下：The inspection and debugging process of this simple VHF band channel transceiver device is as follows:
该简易VHF频段信道收发装置的装置盒由外壳1、盖板2和屏蔽腔3构成（参见图1～图7），其中对外收发XS2～XS3射频插座和外接腔体滤波器的连接结构（参见图1、图8、图24）。该简易VHF频段信道收发装置的原理方框示意图（参见图8），接收电路和发射电路的各单个模块电路及电源电路、外接控制电路（参见图9～图20），检验调试过程（参见图21～图23）。The device box of this simple VHF band channel transceiver device consists of a shell 1, a cover plate 2 and a shielding cavity 3 (see Figures 1 to 7). Among them, the connection structure of the external transceiver XS2 to XS3 radio frequency sockets and the external cavity filter (see Figure 1, Figure 8, Figure 24). The principle block diagram of this simple VHF band channel transceiver device (see Figure 8), the individual module circuits of the receiving circuit and the transmitting circuit, the power supply circuit, and the external control circuit (see Figures 9 to 20), and the inspection and debugging process (see Figure 21~Figure 23).
该简易VHF频段信道收发装置检验调试的仪器设备如下：The instruments and equipment for inspection and debugging of this simple VHF band channel transceiver device are as follows:
2955B综测仪1台1 set of 2955B comprehensive tester
UT61E万用表1个UT61E multimeter 1
JWY-30D直流稳压电源1台JWY-30D DC regulated power supply 1 set
ROHDE & SCHWARZ FSP频谱仪1台ROHDE & SCHWARZ FSP spectrum analyzer 1 set
E4432B Agilent 250KHz～3.0GHz信号源1台E4432B Agilent 250KHz～3.0GHz signal source 1 set
40dB衰减器 1个40dB attenuator 1
检验调试步骤如下：The inspection and debugging steps are as follows:
检查电路板4正反面是否有元件及焊点与地短路或虚焊，电解电容的极性有无装错；将电路板4安装到外壳1中，并在电路板4上安装好盖板2，通过外壳1和盖板2的屏蔽腔3，对电路板4进行隔离屏蔽固装。Check whether there are components and solder joints on the front and back of circuit board 4 that are short-circuited or soldered to ground, and whether the polarity of the electrolytic capacitor is installed incorrectly; install circuit board 4 into housing 1, and install cover 2 on circuit board 4 , through the shielding cavity 3 of the housing 1 and the cover plate 2, the circuit board 4 is isolated and shielded.
1）外接控制电路调试（参见图20-1和图20-2）：综测仪和频谱仪上电预热几分钟，综测仪工作在发状态，将波道CH1～CH6开关其中之一拨到ON一边，ON代表接低电平，其余5个波道数字拨在连接上拉电阻一侧，上拉电阻侧表示高电平，低电平表示选通频率某个波道有效；S8端PTT拨到ON一边低电平表示接收有效，PTT拨在连接上拉电阻一侧表示发射高电平有效；MODE拨到ON一边表示FM模拟话有效，MODE拨在电阻一侧高电平表示数字话4FSK有效；V5/V6拨到ON一边表示VHF频段选择有效,其中S1～S6表示波道1至波道6频率选择开关。1) External control circuit debugging (see Figure 20-1 and Figure 20-2): Power on the comprehensive tester and spectrum analyzer for a few minutes to warm up. The comprehensive tester is working in the transmitting state. Switch one of the channels CH1 to CH6. Dial to the ON side. ON means connected to low level. The remaining five channel numbers are dialed to the side connected to the pull-up resistor. The pull-up resistor side means high level. The low level means that a certain channel of the strobe frequency is valid; S8 When PTT is turned to the ON side, the low level indicates that the reception is valid. When PTT is turned to the side connected to the pull-up resistor, the transmitting level is valid. When MODE is turned to the ON side, the FM analog call is valid. When MODE is turned to the resistor side, the high level indicates that the transmission is valid. For digital words, 4FSK is valid; when V5/V6 is turned to ON, it indicates that the VHF frequency band selection is valid, among which S1 ~ S6 represent the channel 1 to channel 6 frequency selection switches.
外接控制电路（参见图20-1和图20-2）上的PTT置为低电平收有效，准备好多组直流稳压电源输出多路调试所需直流电压，用25芯转接线将外接控制电路和电源电路（参见图19）连通，给XS6 (参见图20)的5脚输入+12V，7脚输入+3.6V，9脚输入+5.5V，11脚输入+24V的直流电压；测试N4(参见图20)的5脚输出应为3.3±0.1V，电源电路（参见图19）中的N4输出8V±0.2V，N10、N28输出5V±0.15V，N6、N9输出3.3V±0.1V。如果低压差稳压电路的输出电压不正常，则检查电路是否虚焊、集成电路是否损坏和输入电压是否超出正常范围。Set the PTT on the external control circuit (see Figure 20-1 and Figure 20-2) to low level and receive the valid signal. Prepare multiple sets of DC stabilized power supplies to output the DC voltage required for multi-channel debugging. Use a 25-core adapter cable to connect the external control The circuit is connected to the power circuit (see Figure 19), and inputs +12V to pin 5 of XS6 (see Figure 20), +3.6V to pin 7, +5.5V to pin 9, and +24V DC voltage to pin 11; test N4 (See Figure 20) The output of pin 5 should be 3.3±0.1V, N4 in the power circuit (see Figure 19) outputs 8V±0.2V, N10 and N28 output 5V±0.15V, N6 and N9 output 3.3V±0.1V . If the output voltage of the low-dropout voltage stabilizing circuit is abnormal, check whether the circuit is soldered, whether the integrated circuit is damaged, and whether the input voltage exceeds the normal range.
2）接收电路的调试（参见图21）：将综测仪RF端口接至简易VHF信道收发装置电路板4上的XS4射频插座，综测仪设置为RX TEST，调制频率设置为1kHz、调制频偏3kHz，综测仪的射频信号幅度输出-47dBm，频率输出设置为156.800MHz；将外接控制电路（参见图20-1和图20-2）中的S2拨码开关S2、PTT、MODE、V5/V6均拨到ON一边选择低电平有效，XS6插座17脚输出端接到综测仪AF input音频输入口，AF音频输出幅度应为110±10mV, 音频失真小于2.5%，音频输出SINAD大于40dB。若失真指标达不到要求，则适当微调中频放大电路以及中频晶体滤波电路（参见图11～12）的R227、R233、R271、R272电阻，此时接收解调电路（参见图13）的N18的12脚输出电压应为1.8V±0.2V，改变射频信号输出幅度-120dBm时，RSSI_V5电压输出0.35V±0.2V。调节综测仪射频幅度输出-20dBm～-121.5dBm变化，音频输出SINAD大于12dB以上，表明接收动态范围优于100dB以上。2) Debugging of the receiving circuit (see Figure 21): Connect the RF port of the comprehensive tester to the XS4 RF socket on circuit board 4 of the simple VHF channel transceiver device. The comprehensive tester is set to RX TEST, and the modulation frequency is set to 1kHz, modulation frequency Offset to 3kHz, the RF signal amplitude output of the comprehensive tester is -47dBm, and the frequency output is set to 156.800MHz; set the S2 DIP switches S2, PTT, MODE, and V5 in the external control circuit (see Figure 20-1 and Figure 20-2) /V6 are both turned to ON and the low level is active. The 17-pin output terminal of the XS6 socket is connected to the AF input audio input port of the comprehensive tester. The AF audio output amplitude should be 110±10mV, the audio distortion is less than 2.5%, and the audio output SINAD is greater than 40dB. If the distortion index does not meet the requirements, appropriately fine-tune the R227, R233, R271, and R272 resistors of the intermediate frequency amplifier circuit and the intermediate frequency crystal filter circuit (see Figures 11-12). At this time, the N18 of the receiving demodulation circuit (see Figure 13) The output voltage of pin 12 should be 1.8V±0.2V. When the RF signal output amplitude is changed to -120dBm, the RSSI_V5 voltage output is 0.35V±0.2V. Adjust the RF amplitude output of the comprehensive tester to change from -20dBm to -121.5dBm. The audio output SINAD is greater than 12dB, indicating that the receiving dynamic range is better than 100dB.
若接收动态范围达不到要求，则微调改变接收解调电路（参见图13）的L45、R120、C166阻容参数数值；若音频幅度达不到要求，调整适当增大接收解调电路（参见图13）的电阻R118*数值，若音频幅度过大则降低电阻R118*数值。缓慢调节变小综测仪的射频信号输出幅度，当调节到音频输出SINAD为12dB时，此时的射频信号大小即为156.800MHz的模拟灵敏度，达标要求≤-119dBm。If the receiving dynamic range does not meet the requirements, fine-tune the values of the L45, R120, and C166 resistance and capacitance parameters of the receiving demodulation circuit (see Figure 13); if the audio amplitude does not meet the requirements, adjust and appropriately increase the receiving demodulation circuit (see Figure 13) Figure 13) The value of resistor R118*. If the audio amplitude is too large, reduce the value of resistor R118*. Slowly adjust and reduce the RF signal output amplitude of the comprehensive tester. When the audio output SINAD is adjusted to 12dB, the RF signal size at this time is the analog sensitivity of 156.800MHz, and the compliance requirement is ≤-119dBm.
正常测试时，综测仪射频输出为-121.5dBm±0.5时，音频输出SINAD为12dB±0.5，该值即为模拟灵敏度数值。若模拟灵敏度指标达不到要求时，需要从中频后级模块电路往前级射频模块逐一排查定位，逐级检查接收电路中各功能模块的信号输出幅度，相关器件的工作点电压是否符合设计要求；其中，混频电路（参见图10）中，混频器N15的本振LO_V5端的输入幅度应为0dBm±2dB；接收解调电路（参见图13）的中频解调器N18的第1脚的输入幅度应为-10dBm±3dB，频率为57.6MHz；接收频率合成电路（参见图14-1和图14-2)中Vco_V5端的锁定电压范围不超过1V～3V，接收频率合成电路（参见图14-1和图14-2)的N3鉴相器通过外接控制电路送不同的频率字，环路滤波器产生不同直流锁定电压。上述电路检查都正常，再逐级检查每一单个模块电路的放大增益和输出波形是否符合设计要求。During normal testing, when the RF output of the comprehensive tester is -121.5dBm±0.5, the audio output SINAD is 12dB±0.5, which is the analog sensitivity value. If the analog sensitivity index does not meet the requirements, it is necessary to check the positioning one by one from the mid-frequency rear-stage module circuit to the front-stage RF module, and check the signal output amplitude of each functional module in the receiving circuit step by step, and whether the operating point voltage of the relevant device meets the design requirements. ; Among them, in the mixing circuit (see Figure 10), the input amplitude of the local oscillator LO_V5 of the mixer N15 should be 0dBm±2dB; the first pin of the IF demodulator N18 in the receiving demodulation circuit (see Figure 13) The input amplitude should be -10dBm±3dB and the frequency should be 57.6MHz; the locking voltage range of the Vco_V5 terminal in the receiving frequency synthesis circuit (see Figure 14-1 and Figure 14-2) does not exceed 1V ~ 3V. The receiving frequency synthesis circuit (see Figure 14 -1 and Figure 14-2) The N3 phase detector sends different frequency words through the external control circuit, and the loop filter generates different DC locking voltages. The above circuit checks are all normal, and then check step by step whether the amplification gain and output waveform of each single module circuit meet the design requirements.
3）静噪和接收性能指标调试：（参见图13），与接收解调电路的R153端和RP6相连接的SQ端连接到外接控制电路XS6插座16脚， SQ接电阻1.62K到地，将综测仪射频信号输出幅度调节为模拟灵敏度数值，正常值为-121.5dBm±0.5，此时调节接收解调电路（参见图13）中的电位器RP6，使V27的集电极BUSY由0V翻转为3.3V，发光二极管VD7亮，此时设置调节静噪刚好在模拟灵敏度门限附近。当接收电路收到的噪声信号或射频有用信号低于模拟灵敏度门限时，接收解调电路（参见图13）的N18的3脚输出高电平5.0V，VD7指示灯灭，V27的集电极BUSY输出低电平，由BUSY=“0”控制接收AF通道关闭；当接收到的射频信号高于模拟灵敏度时，BUSY输出高电平3.3V，由BUSY=“1”控制接收AF通道打开，实现静噪控制功能。3) Squelch and receiving performance index debugging: (see Figure 13), the SQ terminal connected to the R153 terminal and RP6 of the receiving demodulation circuit is connected to pin 16 of the XS6 socket of the external control circuit, and SQ is connected to the resistor 1.62K to the ground. The RF signal output amplitude of the comprehensive tester is adjusted to the analog sensitivity value. The normal value is -121.5dBm±0.5. At this time, adjust the potentiometer RP6 in the receiving demodulation circuit (see Figure 13) so that the collector BUSY of V27 flips from 0V to 3.3V, the light-emitting diode VD7 is on, and the squelch is set to be just around the analog sensitivity threshold. When the noise signal or radio frequency useful signal received by the receiving circuit is lower than the analog sensitivity threshold, pin 3 of N18 of the receiving demodulation circuit (see Figure 13) outputs a high level of 5.0V, the VD7 indicator light goes out, and the collector of V27 is BUSY Outputs a low level, and BUSY="0" controls the receiving AF channel to close; when the received RF signal is higher than the analog sensitivity, BUSY outputs a high level of 3.3V, and BUSY="1" controls the receiving AF channel to open, achieving Squelch control function.
中频和像频抑制度指标若达不到要求，检查接收电路的低噪放大选频电路（参见图9）的V10和N2，V10和N2级联总增益22dB±2，用网络分析仪查看N2的通带波形是否符合设计要求，重点检查N2接地管脚焊接是否充分接地，若接地良好还达不到指标要求则更换N2。If the IF and image frequency suppression indicators do not meet the requirements, check the V10 and N2 of the low-noise amplification frequency selection circuit (see Figure 9) of the receiving circuit. The total gain of the cascade of V10 and N2 is 22dB±2. Use a network analyzer to check N2. Check whether the passband waveform meets the design requirements. Focus on checking whether the N2 ground pin welding is fully grounded. If the grounding is good and cannot meet the specification requirements, replace N2.
互调和双信号选择若达不到设计要求，检查混频电路（参见图10）N15的3脚输入端接收本振幅度是否为0dBm±2dB，不满足则检查接收频率合成电路（参见图14-1和图14-2）的V15放大器增益是否满足16dB放大增益，Z2中频晶体滤波器（参见图12）的输入输出端电阻匹配电阻Π网络参数是否合理，用网络分析仪查看58.05MHz中频晶体滤波器波形，一边修改R227、R233、R271、R272电阻数值，一边查看晶体滤波器波形变化，反复调试直到上述指标符合要求。If the intermodulation and dual signal selection cannot meet the design requirements, check the mixing circuit (see Figure 10) to see if the 3-pin input terminal of N15 receives the local oscillator amplitude at 0dBm±2dB. If not, check the receiving frequency synthesis circuit (see Figure 14- 1 and Figure 14-2) Whether the V15 amplifier gain meets the 16dB amplification gain, whether the input and output resistance matching resistor Π network parameters of the Z2 intermediate frequency crystal filter (see Figure 12) are reasonable, use a network analyzer to check the 58.05MHz intermediate frequency crystal filter While modifying the resistance values of R227, R233, R271, and R272, check the crystal filter waveform changes, and repeatedly debug until the above indicators meet the requirements.
4）发射载波功率、发射载波频率误差、发射频率合成电路调试（参见图22）：综测仪设置为P发模式状态，外接控制电路（参见图20-1和图20-2）中PTT置为高电平发有效工作状态，S2波道设置低电平，S1、S3、S4、S5、S6波道设置为高电平。此时通过综测仪直接读出发射载波功率是否满足30dBm±1dB，若不满足要求，调节功率检测电路（参见图18）的电位器RP4、及前级驱动放大电路（参见图16）的电阻R28，使输出功率达到要求。4) Transmitting carrier power, transmitting carrier frequency error, and transmitting frequency synthesis circuit debugging (see Figure 22): The comprehensive tester is set to the P transmit mode state, and the PTT setting in the external control circuit (see Figure 20-1 and Figure 20-2) For the high-level active working state, the S2 channel is set to low level, and the S1, S3, S4, S5, and S6 channels are set to high level. At this time, directly read whether the transmitted carrier power meets the requirement of 30dBm±1dB through the comprehensive tester. If it does not meet the requirements, adjust the potentiometer RP4 of the power detection circuit (see Figure 18) and the resistance of the front-stage drive amplifier circuit (see Figure 16). R28, so that the output power meets the requirements.
读出发射频率数值，查看载波频率误差是否≤0.5ppm，若载波频率误差达不到要求，则检查外部12.8MHz时钟输入频率精度是否符合要求。发射频率合成电路（参见图15）的C152输出RFoutTx幅度正常为0dBm±2dB，前级驱动放大电路（参见图16）的驱动发大器V6的集电极输出信号幅度应为15dBm±2dB，发射频率合成电路（参见图15）的发射压控振荡器VCO的L6端VTco的锁定电压范围不超过0.8V至3.8V。Read the transmit frequency value and check whether the carrier frequency error is ≤0.5ppm. If the carrier frequency error does not meet the requirements, check whether the external 12.8MHz clock input frequency accuracy meets the requirements. The C152 output RFoutTx amplitude of the transmit frequency synthesis circuit (see Figure 15) is normally 0dBm±2dB. The collector output signal amplitude of the drive amplifier V6 of the pre-drive amplifier circuit (see Figure 16) should be 15dBm±2dB. The transmit frequency The locking voltage range of the L6 terminal VTco of the transmit voltage controlled oscillator VCO of the synthetic circuit (see Figure 15) does not exceed 0.8V to 3.8V.
5）谐波杂散发射分量调试（参见图23）：将连接到简易VHF信道收发装置的射频测试线缆与40dB衰减器连接，40dB衰减器另一端连接FSP频谱仪，进行杂散和谐波发射分量测试。测试前，先检查频谱仪的分辨率带宽RBW为3kHz、视频带宽VBW为1kHz、SPAN带宽20MHz、中心频率156.800MHz、ATT衰减20dB确保频谱仪配置正确。外接控制电路（参见图20-1和图20-2）中PTT置为高电平发有效工作状态，S2波道设置低电平，S1、S3、S4、S5、S6波道设置为高电平。通过频谱仪直接读出载波和谐波、载波和杂散之间差值。杂散发射分量要求≤-75dBc，谐波发射分量≤-80dBc，达不到要求时更换外接体滤腔波器。5) Debugging of harmonic spurious emission components (see Figure 23): Connect the RF test cable connected to the simple VHF channel transceiver device to the 40dB attenuator, and connect the other end of the 40dB attenuator to the FSP spectrum analyzer to conduct spurious and harmonic testing. Emission component testing. Before testing, first check that the resolution bandwidth RBW of the spectrum analyzer is 3kHz, the video bandwidth VBW is 1kHz, the SPAN bandwidth is 20MHz, the center frequency is 156.800MHz, and the ATT attenuation is 20dB to ensure that the spectrum analyzer is configured correctly. In the external control circuit (see Figure 20-1 and Figure 20-2), the PTT is set to high level to transmit the effective working state, the S2 channel is set to low level, and the S1, S3, S4, S5, and S6 channels are set to high level. flat. The difference between carrier and harmonic, carrier and spur is directly read through the spectrum analyzer. The spurious emission component requirements are ≤-75dBc, and the harmonic emission component is ≤-80dBc. If the requirements are not met, replace the external body filter cavity filter.
该简易VHF频段信道收发装置使VHF频段内155～163 MHz频段范围甚高频电台的升级改造技术方案落地，实现收发信道一体化设计，极大减小整机体积，兼具4FSK调制和FM调制载波功能，优化提升电磁屏蔽性能，完善解决多部电台同时工作的串扰问题，实现VHF频段收发信道可靠传输。通过实测表明，该简易VHF频段信道收发装置频率误差0.3ppm，音频失真1.0%，调制失真发射载波功率29.5dBm，调制失真1.1%，2次谐波抑制80.0 dB，三次谐波抑制79.8 dB，模拟灵敏度-122dBm，杂散响应抗扰性≥71dB，互调200KHz间隔70.8KHz中频和像频抑制性90dB，双信号选择性72.8 dB。接收通道动态范围超过100dB以上。接收动态范围大，模拟灵敏度高，中频和像频抑制度高，互调抗扰性能强，发射背景噪声小，谐波杂散小，收发话音清晰，综合性能指标优越，呈现了突出的实质性效果。This simple VHF band channel transceiver device implements the technical plan for upgrading and transforming very high frequency radio stations in the 155-163 MHz frequency band within the VHF band, realizes the integrated design of transceiver channels, greatly reduces the size of the whole machine, and has both 4FSK modulation and FM modulation. The carrier function optimizes and improves electromagnetic shielding performance, perfectly solves the crosstalk problem of multiple radio stations working at the same time, and achieves reliable transmission of VHF band transceiver channels. Actual measurements show that the frequency error of this simple VHF band channel transceiver device is 0.3ppm, audio distortion is 1.0%, modulation distortion, transmit carrier power is 29.5dBm, modulation distortion is 1.1%, 2nd harmonic suppression is 80.0 dB, and 3rd harmonic suppression is 79.8 dB, simulation Sensitivity -122dBm, spurious response immunity ≥71dB, intermodulation 200KHz interval 70.8KHz intermediate frequency and image frequency suppression 90dB, dual signal selectivity 72.8 dB. The dynamic range of the receiving channel exceeds 100dB. Large receiving dynamic range, high analog sensitivity, high intermediate frequency and image frequency suppression, strong intermodulation immunity, small transmitting background noise, small harmonic spurs, clear sending and receiving speech, superior comprehensive performance indicators, and outstanding substantive performance Effect.
以上所述只是本发明的较佳实施例而已，上述举例说明不对本发明的实质内容作任何形式上的限制，所属技术领域的普通技术人员在阅读了本说明书后依据本发明的技术实质对以上具体实施方式所作的任何简单修改或变形，以及可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内，而不背离本发明的实质和范围。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. The above examples do not limit the essence of the present invention in any form. Those of ordinary skill in the technical field will make the above based on the technical essence of the present invention after reading this description. Any simple modifications or transformations made to the specific embodiments, as well as the possibility of using the technical content disclosed above to change or modify equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the essence of the present invention. and scope.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311029219.XACN116886120B (en) | 2023-08-16 | 2023-08-16 | A simple VHF frequency band channel transceiver |
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| CN202311029219.XACN116886120B (en) | 2023-08-16 | 2023-08-16 | A simple VHF frequency band channel transceiver |
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| CN116886120B CN116886120B (en) | 2025-04-04 |
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| CN202311029219.XAActiveCN116886120B (en) | 2023-08-16 | 2023-08-16 | A simple VHF frequency band channel transceiver |
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| KR102784264B1 (en)* | 2023-12-29 | 2025-03-19 | 한국방송통신전파진흥원 | Maritime communication integrated device for gmdss wireless equipment and ais testing |
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| US5325401A (en)* | 1992-03-13 | 1994-06-28 | Comstream Corporation | L-band tuner with quadrature downconverter for PSK data applications |
| CN2172934Y (en)* | 1993-08-27 | 1994-07-27 | 北京吉兆电子有限公司 | Integrated TV channel modulator |
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| CN203193614U (en)* | 2013-04-20 | 2013-09-11 | 湖北广兴通信科技有限公司 | 800MHz radio frequency excitation unit box |
| CN105702138A (en)* | 2014-11-23 | 2016-06-22 | 上海莞东拿信息科技有限公司 | High-frequency circuit practical training device |
| CN106209139A (en)* | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-07 | 武汉中元通信股份有限公司 | Plug-in wireless communication interface based on VHF frequency range controls card |
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| CN109327229A (en)* | 2018-10-28 | 2019-02-12 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Broadband Spaceborne Receiver Anti-jamming System |
| CN112865832A (en)* | 2021-01-27 | 2021-05-28 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Ground observation whistle ultrashort wave over-the-horizon information transmission equipment and transmission method |
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| US5325401A (en)* | 1992-03-13 | 1994-06-28 | Comstream Corporation | L-band tuner with quadrature downconverter for PSK data applications |
| CN2172934Y (en)* | 1993-08-27 | 1994-07-27 | 北京吉兆电子有限公司 | Integrated TV channel modulator |
| CN102324946A (en)* | 2011-06-10 | 2012-01-18 | 武汉理工大学 | Numerically controlled shortwave receiver IF front-end circuit |
| CN203193614U (en)* | 2013-04-20 | 2013-09-11 | 湖北广兴通信科技有限公司 | 800MHz radio frequency excitation unit box |
| CN105702138A (en)* | 2014-11-23 | 2016-06-22 | 上海莞东拿信息科技有限公司 | High-frequency circuit practical training device |
| CN106209139A (en)* | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-07 | 武汉中元通信股份有限公司 | Plug-in wireless communication interface based on VHF frequency range controls card |
| CN107819489A (en)* | 2017-11-23 | 2018-03-20 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | A kind of ultra wide band high bandwidth radio-frequency receiving-transmitting two-way integral integration module |
| CN109327229A (en)* | 2018-10-28 | 2019-02-12 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Broadband Spaceborne Receiver Anti-jamming System |
| CN112865832A (en)* | 2021-01-27 | 2021-05-28 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Ground observation whistle ultrashort wave over-the-horizon information transmission equipment and transmission method |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102784264B1 (en)* | 2023-12-29 | 2025-03-19 | 한국방송통신전파진흥원 | Maritime communication integrated device for gmdss wireless equipment and ais testing |
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| CN116886120B (en) | 2025-04-04 |
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