技术领域Technical field
本发明属于人体仿真模拟实验技术领域，具体涉及一种用于模拟呼气和喷嚏的实验装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of human body simulation simulation experiments, and specifically relates to an experimental device for simulating exhalation and sneezing.
背景技术Background technique
新型冠状病毒在全球的肆虐，给世界各国带来巨大的损失，引起全人类的关注，所以研究人体呼出的飞沫如何传播非常必要。美国国立卫生研究院和宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员研究发现，人在说话时会释放大量粒径范围处于20～500微米的飞沫颗粒，其中粒径约为4微米的飞沫核能在停滞的空气环境中停留八分钟以上，这些结果均有助于解释封闭空间内新型冠状病毒更容易传播的现象。因此，了解呼吸活动中飞沫和飞沫核的产生过程、粒径分布以及传播距离，对研究疾病传播有着重要意义和帮助。The new coronavirus is raging around the world, causing huge losses to countries around the world and attracting the attention of all mankind. Therefore, it is very necessary to study how droplets exhaled by the human body spread. Researchers from the National Institutes of Health and the University of Pennsylvania found that when people speak, they release a large number of droplet particles with a particle size ranging from 20 to 500 microns. The droplet nuclei with a particle size of about 4 microns can survive in a stagnant air environment. These results help explain the phenomenon that the new coronavirus spreads more easily in closed spaces. Therefore, understanding the generation process, particle size distribution and transmission distance of droplets and droplet nuclei during respiratory activities is of great significance and help in studying disease transmission.
感冒和流感专家罗杰·恩德森博士分析发现，人在打喷嚏时，一次可以喷出10万个唾液飞沫，这些飞沫以每小时145千米的速度在空气中传播。除非打喷嚏的人用纸巾或手帕捂着嘴，否则唾液中所含的细菌和病毒可以在2秒之内附着到扶手、座位等会不停被人抓摸和触碰的地方。据恩德森博士测算，有10％的人会接触到被这些喷嚏“感染”过的地方。在车站自动扶梯等，人流密集处，5分钟内就会有150人受“感染”。清华大学建筑科学系研究过人呼出飞沫和飞沫核的运动传播规律，研究人员通过对20名受试者44次喷嚏产生的飞沫进行研究，指出飞沫的传播大小和传播距离的关系，并指出呼吸活动中飞沫形成的主要原因是口腔中液体的雾化过程。Cold and flu expert Dr. Roger Enderson analyzed and found that when a person sneezes, he or she can spray out 100,000 saliva droplets at a time, and these droplets travel through the air at a speed of 145 kilometers per hour. Unless the person sneezing covers his mouth with a tissue or handkerchief, the bacteria and viruses contained in the saliva can attach to armrests, seats and other places that are constantly being scratched and touched within 2 seconds. Dr. Enderson estimates that 10% of people will come into contact with an area "infected" by these sneezes. In crowded places such as station escalators, 150 people will be "infected" within 5 minutes. The Department of Architectural Science of Tsinghua University has studied the movement and transmission rules of droplets and droplet nuclei exhaled by people. The researchers studied the droplets produced by 20 subjects 44 times sneezing and pointed out the relationship between the spread size of the droplets and the spread distance. , and pointed out that the main cause of droplet formation during respiratory activities is the atomization process of liquid in the mouth.
但是，目前尚未开发出用于模拟呼气和喷嚏的实验装置，无法为科研人员研究呼气和喷嚏对飞沫的传播情况提供支撑。However, experimental devices for simulating exhalation and sneezing have not yet been developed, which cannot provide support for researchers to study the spread of droplets by exhalation and sneezing.
发明内容Contents of the invention
(一)要解决的技术问题(1) Technical problems to be solved
本发明提出一种用于模拟呼气和喷嚏的实验装置，以解决为呼气和喷嚏时飞沫传播情况研究提供实验模型的技术问题。The present invention proposes an experimental device for simulating exhalation and sneezing to solve the technical problem of providing an experimental model for studying the spread of droplets during exhalation and sneezing.
(二)技术方案(2) Technical solutions
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出一种用于模拟呼气和喷嚏的实验装置，该实验装置包括控制面板、头部动作模拟组件和呼气模拟组件；其中，头部动作模拟组件包括头部模型、模型支撑板和模拟运动机构，呼气模拟组件包括气泵、高压气罐、调压阀、电磁阀、水箱、软管和雾化喷嘴；In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an experimental device for simulating exhalation and sneezing. The experimental device includes a control panel, a head movement simulation component and an exhalation simulation component; wherein the head movement simulation component includes a head Model, model support plate and simulation motion mechanism, exhalation simulation components include air pump, high-pressure air tank, pressure regulating valve, solenoid valve, water tank, hose and atomizing nozzle;
头部模型通过模型支撑板安装在实验装置的箱体上，模拟运动机构的舵机部分安装在箱体内部，舵机通过曲柄连杆机构与模型支撑板的活动端连接，舵机在控制面板的控制下通过曲柄连杆机构带动模型支撑板以固定端为轴进行转动，控制头部模型执行仰头和落下动作；The head model is installed on the box of the experimental device through the model support plate. The steering gear part of the simulated motion mechanism is installed inside the box. The steering gear is connected to the movable end of the model support plate through the crank link mechanism. The steering gear is on the control panel. Under the control of the crank link mechanism, the model support plate is driven to rotate with the fixed end as the axis, and the head model is controlled to perform tilting and falling movements;
雾化喷嘴分别设置于头部模型，雾化喷嘴的进水口通过软管与水箱连接，形成水路部分；气泵用于向高压气罐充气，保证高压气罐中的气体具有一定压力。高压气罐的出气口依次通过调压阀和电磁阀与雾化喷嘴的进气口连接，形成气路部分；调压阀由控制面板通过程序控制，以控制输出气体的压力；电磁阀由控制面板通过程序控制，以模拟人打喷嚏时的气体喷射状态。The atomizing nozzles are respectively installed on the head model. The water inlet of the atomizing nozzle is connected to the water tank through a hose to form a waterway part; the air pump is used to inflate the high-pressure gas tank to ensure that the gas in the high-pressure gas tank has a certain pressure. The air outlet of the high-pressure gas tank is connected to the air inlet of the atomizing nozzle through a pressure regulating valve and a solenoid valve in turn, forming a gas path part; the pressure regulating valve is controlled by a program through the control panel to control the pressure of the output gas; the solenoid valve is controlled by The panel is controlled by a program to simulate the gas ejection state when a person sneezes.
进一步地，水箱的安装位置高于雾化喷嘴，通过重力将液体输送到雾化喷嘴。Further, the installation position of the water tank is higher than the atomizing nozzle, and the liquid is transported to the atomizing nozzle by gravity.
进一步地，气泵、高压气罐、调压阀和电磁阀均安装在实验装置的箱体内部。Further, the air pump, high-pressure air tank, pressure regulating valve and solenoid valve are all installed inside the box of the experimental device.
进一步地，两个雾化喷嘴分别设置于头部模型的嘴部和鼻部。Further, two atomizing nozzles are respectively provided at the mouth and nose of the head model.
(三)有益效果(3) Beneficial effects
本发明提出一种用于模拟呼气和喷嚏的实验装置，包括控制面板、头部动作模拟组件和呼气模拟组件。其中，头部动作模拟组件包括头部模型、模型支撑板和模拟运动机构，呼气模拟组件主要包括气泵、高压气罐、调压阀、电磁阀、水箱、软管和雾化喷嘴。本装置通过模拟飞沫飞溅过程并结合模拟人的头部动作，能够模拟人在正常呼吸和打喷嚏时的飞沫运动过程，贴近自然人的动作。气路部分通过控制气流大小、雾化大小和气流时间，可以达到模拟不同状态下飞沫飞散的效果，更加适合在实验室中作为验证研究对象。该装置具有准确模拟人体呼吸状态，雾化力度可控，喷射力度可控，喷射时间精准可控，颈部动作模拟真实的特点，不仅能够模拟人体呼吸和打喷嚏时的各种动作，通过调节参数还可以模拟不同年龄、身体状况人体的飞沫传播状况，非常适合于实验室对飞沫的研究和验证。The invention proposes an experimental device for simulating exhalation and sneezing, which includes a control panel, a head movement simulation component and an exhalation simulation component. Among them, the head movement simulation component includes a head model, a model support plate and a simulated motion mechanism. The exhalation simulation component mainly includes an air pump, a high-pressure air tank, a pressure regulating valve, a solenoid valve, a water tank, a hose and an atomizing nozzle. By simulating the droplet splashing process and simulating human head movements, this device can simulate the droplet movement process during normal breathing and sneezing, and is close to the movements of natural people. By controlling the airflow size, atomization size and airflow time, the air path part can simulate the effect of droplet scattering under different conditions, which is more suitable for use as a verification research object in the laboratory. The device has the characteristics of accurately simulating human breathing state, controllable atomization intensity, controllable injection intensity, precise and controllable injection time, and realistic neck movements. It can not only simulate various movements of human breathing and sneezing, but also can adjust the The parameters can also simulate the droplet transmission status of human beings of different ages and physical conditions, which is very suitable for laboratory research and verification of droplets.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明的用于模拟呼气和喷嚏的实验装置结构图；Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the experimental device used to simulate exhalation and sneezing according to the present invention;
图2a为本发明的用于模拟呼气和喷嚏的实验装置中头部模型扬起状态示意图，图2b为头部模型到达顶部状态示意图，图2c为头部模型落下状态示意图；Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of the head model in a raised state in the experimental device for simulating exhalation and sneezing of the present invention, Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of the head model reaching the top state, and Figure 2c is a schematic diagram of the head model falling state;
图3a为本发明的用于模拟呼气和喷嚏的实验装置模拟呼气流程图，图3b为模拟说话和咳嗽流程图，图3c为模拟喷嚏流程图。Figure 3a is a simulated exhalation flow chart of the experimental device for simulating exhalation and sneezing of the present invention, Figure 3b is a simulated speaking and coughing flow chart, and Figure 3c is a simulated sneeze flow chart.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、内容和优点更加清楚，下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。In order to make the purpose, content and advantages of the present invention clearer, specific implementation modes of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
本实施例提出一种用于模拟呼气和喷嚏的实验装置，其结构如图1所示，主要包括控制面板6、头部动作模拟组件和呼气模拟组件。其中，头部动作模拟组件主要包括头部模型2、模型支撑板5和模拟运动机构11，呼气模拟组件主要包括气泵10、高压气罐9、调压阀8、电磁阀7、水箱4、软管3和雾化喷嘴1。This embodiment proposes an experimental device for simulating exhalation and sneezing. Its structure is shown in Figure 1 and mainly includes a control panel 6, a head movement simulation component and an exhalation simulation component. Among them, the head movement simulation component mainly includes a head model 2, a model support plate 5 and a simulation motion mechanism 11. The exhalation simulation component mainly includes an air pump 10, a high-pressure gas tank 9, a pressure regulating valve 8, a solenoid valve 7, a water tank 4, Hose 3 and atomizing nozzle 1.
头部模型2通过模型支撑板5安装在实验装置的箱体上，模拟运动机构11的舵机部分安装在箱体内部，舵机通过曲柄连杆机构与模型支撑板5的活动端连接，舵机通过曲柄连杆机构带动模型支撑板5以固定端为轴进行转动，从而控制头部模型2执行仰头和落下的动作。其中，如图2a所示，舵机通过曲柄连杆机构推动头部模型2向上扬起；如图2b所示，曲柄连杆机构运动到顶点最高位置，通过连杆死点后头部模型2进入回落半程；如图2c所示，舵机加速运动，头部模型2快速下落，完成整个模拟打喷嚏的过程。通过调节曲柄长度可以控制头部俯仰幅度，由控制面板6通过程序对舵机进行精准控制，能够准确控制舵机在不同俯仰角度的俯仰速度，使得头部模型2精准模拟人体在不同状态下的头部动作。The head model 2 is installed on the box of the experimental device through the model support plate 5, and the steering gear part of the simulated motion mechanism 11 is installed inside the box. The steering gear is connected to the movable end of the model support plate 5 through a crank link mechanism. The machine drives the model support plate 5 to rotate with the fixed end as the axis through the crank linkage mechanism, thereby controlling the head model 2 to perform the movements of raising and falling. Among them, as shown in Figure 2a, the steering gear pushes the head model 2 upward through the crank link mechanism; as shown in Figure 2b, the crank link mechanism moves to the highest position of the apex, and the head model 2 passes through the dead center of the connecting rod. Entering the middle of the fall; as shown in Figure 2c, the steering gear accelerates and the head model 2 falls rapidly, completing the entire simulated sneeze process. The pitch amplitude of the head can be controlled by adjusting the length of the crank. The control panel 6 accurately controls the servo through a program, and can accurately control the pitch speed of the servo at different pitch angles, allowing the head model 2 to accurately simulate the human body in different states. Head movements.
两个雾化喷嘴1分别设置于头部模型2的嘴部和鼻部，雾化喷嘴1的进水口通过软管3与水箱4连接，形成水路部分。水箱4作为液体储存装置，安装位置高于雾化喷嘴1，通过重力将液体输送到雾化喷嘴1。水箱4中储存的是水或其他液体介质，可以模拟在不同介质下飞沫的飞散程度。Two atomizing nozzles 1 are respectively provided at the mouth and nose of the head model 2. The water inlet of the atomizing nozzle 1 is connected to the water tank 4 through the hose 3 to form a waterway part. As a liquid storage device, the water tank 4 is installed higher than the atomizing nozzle 1 and transports the liquid to the atomizing nozzle 1 by gravity. Water or other liquid media is stored in the water tank 4, which can simulate the degree of droplet scattering in different media.
气泵10、高压气罐9、调压阀8和电磁阀7均安装在实验装置的箱体内部，气泵10用于向高压气罐9充气，保证高压气罐9中的气体具有一定压力。高压气罐9的两个出气口均依次通过调压阀8和电磁阀7与雾化喷嘴1的进气口连接，形成气路部分。调压阀8由控制面板6通过程序控制，以控制输出气体的压力，达到控制喷射力量。电磁阀7打开时机和打开时间由控制面板6通过程序控制，以模拟人打喷嚏时的气体喷射状态。The air pump 10, the high-pressure gas tank 9, the pressure regulating valve 8 and the solenoid valve 7 are all installed inside the box of the experimental device. The air pump 10 is used to inflate the high-pressure gas tank 9 to ensure that the gas in the high-pressure gas tank 9 has a certain pressure. The two air outlets of the high-pressure gas tank 9 are connected to the air inlet of the atomizing nozzle 1 through the pressure regulating valve 8 and the solenoid valve 7 in sequence, forming a gas path part. The pressure regulating valve 8 is controlled by the control panel 6 through a program to control the pressure of the output gas to control the injection force. The opening timing and opening time of the solenoid valve 7 are controlled by the control panel 6 through a program to simulate the gas injection state when a person sneezes.
气路和水路通过软管3共同进入雾化喷嘴1中混合，高压水流喷出后雾化形成飞沫飞散在空气中，从而模拟飞沫的生成过程。The air path and the water path enter the atomizing nozzle 1 through the hose 3 for mixing. The high-pressure water flow sprays out and atomizes to form droplets that are scattered in the air, thus simulating the generation process of droplets.
使用本发明的实验装置模拟呼气、咳嗽和喷嚏的程序如下：The procedures for simulating exhalation, coughing and sneezing using the experimental device of the present invention are as follows:
1.模拟呼气1. Simulate exhalation
首先设置雾化喷嘴1的喷口大小和排气压力大小。呼气一般只有鼻部作用，所以只需要使用鼻部气路的电磁阀7。在控制面板6中设置好鼻部气路电磁阀7的打开时间和循环次数，即可模拟呼气时的飞沫飘散过程，控制流程如图3a所示。First set the nozzle size and exhaust pressure of the atomizing nozzle 1. Exhalation generally only works through the nose, so only the solenoid valve 7 of the nasal airway needs to be used. By setting the opening time and cycle number of the nasal air path solenoid valve 7 in the control panel 6, the droplet dispersion process during exhalation can be simulated. The control process is shown in Figure 3a.
2.模拟说话和咳嗽2. Simulate talking and coughing
首先设置雾化喷嘴1的喷口大小和排气压力大小。说话和咳嗽的时候一般鼻部和口部都有作用，所以需要两路的电磁阀7共同作用。说话和咳嗽的时候气流的大小有一定的区别，需要设置不同的排气压力大小。在控制面板6中设置两个电磁阀7的打开时间和循环次数，即可模拟说话和咳嗽的过程，控制流程如图3b所示。First set the nozzle size and exhaust pressure of the atomizing nozzle 1. When speaking and coughing, the nose and mouth generally have a role, so the two-way solenoid valve 7 needs to work together. There is a certain difference in the size of the airflow when talking and coughing, and different exhaust pressures need to be set. By setting the opening time and number of cycles of the two solenoid valves 7 in the control panel 6, the process of speaking and coughing can be simulated. The control process is shown in Figure 3b.
3.模拟喷嚏3. Simulate a sneeze
在模拟打喷嚏的程序下，首先调整连杆到合适位置，设置雾化喷嘴1的喷口大小，排气压力大小。打开舵机，头部模型2运行到最高点，在回落的过程中舵机加速，快速回落，同时打开电磁阀7，发出喷雾，模拟飞沫飞行，舵机运行到最低点关闭电磁阀7，完成一次打喷嚏的过程模拟。在控制面板6中设置电磁阀7的打开时间和循环次数，即可模拟打喷嚏的过程，控制流程如图3c所示。Under the program of simulating sneezing, first adjust the connecting rod to the appropriate position, set the nozzle size of atomizing nozzle 1, and the exhaust pressure. Turn on the servo and run the head model 2 to the highest point. During the fall, the servo accelerates and falls back quickly. At the same time, the solenoid valve 7 is opened to emit spray to simulate droplet flight. The servo runs to the lowest point and closes the solenoid valve 7. Complete a sneeze simulation. By setting the opening time and number of cycles of the solenoid valve 7 in the control panel 6, the process of sneezing can be simulated. The control process is shown in Figure 3c.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变形，这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those of ordinary skill in the art can also make several improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN202310560793.1ACN116824966A (en) | 2023-05-18 | 2023-05-18 | An experimental device for simulating exhalation and sneezing |
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| CN202310560793.1ACN116824966A (en) | 2023-05-18 | 2023-05-18 | An experimental device for simulating exhalation and sneezing |
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