技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于数据传输技术领域，具体涉及一种远程微波监控方法和系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of data transmission, and in particular relates to a remote microwave monitoring method and system.
背景技术Background technique
森林是地球上重要的生态系统之一，拥有丰富的生物多样性，能够吸收二氧化碳、产生氧气，并维持水循环等重要功能。森林火灾不仅会破坏植被和土壤，还会释放大量的二氧化碳和其他有害气体，对气候变化和环境健康产生负面影响。同时，森林火灾往往对人类社会和居民区造成威胁，会导致人员伤亡和财产损失。采取森林防火措施可以减少火灾的发生和扩散，确保人民的生命财产安全。因此，森林防火具有重要意义。Forests are one of the most important ecosystems on Earth. They have rich biodiversity and can absorb carbon dioxide, produce oxygen, and maintain important functions such as water circulation. Forest fires not only destroy vegetation and soil, but also release large amounts of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases, which have a negative impact on climate change and environmental health. At the same time, forest fires often pose a threat to human society and residential areas, causing casualties and property losses. Taking forest fire prevention measures can reduce the occurrence and spread of fires and ensure the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, forest fire prevention is of great significance.
现有技术中，往往采用无人机采集遥感图像的方式进行森林防火，无人机可以无视地形障碍，到达传统监测手段难以触及的区域，具有高度的灵活性。然而，无人机监控受限于飞行时间和航程，覆盖范围相对较小，并且无人机监控易受到天气因素的影响，再者无人机购买与维护成本高，不利于普及。In the existing technology, forest fire prevention is often carried out by collecting remote sensing images using drones. Drones can ignore terrain obstacles and reach areas that are difficult to reach with traditional monitoring methods, which is highly flexible. However, drone monitoring is limited by flight time and range, and the coverage area is relatively small. Drone monitoring is also easily affected by weather factors. In addition, the purchase and maintenance costs of drones are high, which is not conducive to popularization.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了解决现有技术中采用无人机采集遥感图像的方式进行森林防火，受限于飞行时间和航程，覆盖范围相对较小，并且无人机监控易受到天气因素的影响，再者无人机购买与维护成本高，不利于普及的技术问题，本发明提供一种远程微波监控方法和系统。In order to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, forest fire prevention is carried out by using drones to collect remote sensing images, which is limited by flight time and range, has a relatively small coverage area, and drone monitoring is easily affected by weather factors. In addition, the purchase and maintenance costs of drones are high, which is not conducive to popularization, the present invention provides a remote microwave monitoring method and system.
第一方面first
本发明提供了一种远程微波监控方法，包括：The present invention provides a remote microwave monitoring method, comprising:
S101：采集端获取森林图像数据；S101: The collection end obtains forest image data;
S102：采集端对森林图像数据进行压缩；S102: The collection end compresses the forest image data;
S103：采集端对压缩后的森林图像数据进行编码；S103: The collection end encodes the compressed forest image data;
S104：采集端对编码进行调制，得到微波信号；S104: The acquisition end modulates the code to obtain a microwave signal;
S105：采集端对微波信号进行加密；S105: The collection end encrypts the microwave signal;
S106：采集端发射加密后的微波信号，经过中继设备传输至监控中心；S106: The collection end transmits the encrypted microwave signal, which is transmitted to the monitoring center via the relay device;
S107：监控中心对接收到的微波信号进行解密；S107: The monitoring center decrypts the received microwave signal;
S108：监控中心对解密后的微波信号进行解调；S108: The monitoring center demodulates the decrypted microwave signal;
S109：监控中心对解调后的编码进行解码；S109: The monitoring center decodes the demodulated code;
S110：监控中心对解码后的森林图像数据进行图像识别，监控是否存在火灾风险；S110: The monitoring center performs image recognition on the decoded forest image data to monitor whether there is a fire risk;
S111：监控中心监控到火灾风险时，发出报警信号。S111: When the monitoring center detects a fire risk, an alarm signal is issued.
第二方面Second aspect
本发明提供了一种远程微波监控系统，用于执行第一方面中的远程微波监控方法。The present invention provides a remote microwave monitoring system for executing the remote microwave monitoring method in the first aspect.
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下有益技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
在本发明中，通过远程微波技术，采集端可以经过多个中继设备实时传输森林图像至监控中心，监控中心对森林图像进行图像识别，监控是否存在火灾风险，火情监控的覆盖范围更广，不会受到天气因素的影响，采集端的摄像头相对于无人机而言，成本较低，利于推广。In the present invention, through remote microwave technology, the collection end can transmit forest images to the monitoring center in real time through multiple relay devices. The monitoring center performs image recognition on the forest images to monitor whether there is a fire risk. The coverage of fire monitoring is wider and will not be affected by weather factors. The camera at the collection end is lower in cost than that of drones, which is conducive to promotion.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
下面将以明确易懂的方式，结合附图说明优选实施方式，对本发明的上述特性、技术特征、优点及其实现方式予以进一步说明。The preferred implementation modes will be described below in a clear and understandable manner with reference to the accompanying drawings to further illustrate the above-mentioned characteristics, technical features, advantages and implementation methods of the present invention.
图1是本发明提供的一种远程微波监控方法的流程示意图；FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a remote microwave monitoring method provided by the present invention;
图2是本发明提供的一种远程微波传输的结构示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a long-distance microwave transmission provided by the present invention;
图3是本发明提供的一种微波数据传输的结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of microwave data transmission provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对照附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图，并获得其他的实施方式。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the specific implementation methods of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.
为使图面简洁，各图中只示意性地表示出了与发明相关的部分，它们并不代表其作为产品的实际结构。另外，以使图面简洁便于理解，在有些图中具有相同结构或功能的部件，仅示意性地绘示了其中的一个，或仅标出了其中的一个。在本文中，“一个”不仅表示“仅此一个”，也可以表示“多于一个”的情形。In order to simplify the drawings, only the parts related to the invention are schematically shown in each figure, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product. In addition, in order to simplify the drawings and facilitate understanding, in some figures, only one of the parts with the same structure or function is schematically drawn or marked. In this article, "one" not only means "only one", but also means "more than one".
还应当进一步理解，在本发明说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的术语“和/或”是指相关联列出的项中的一个或多个的任何组合以及所有可能组合，并且包括这些组合。It should be further understood that the term "and/or" used in the present description and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
在本文中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接。可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接。可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In this document, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
另外，在本发明的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In addition, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
实施例1Example 1
在一个实施例中，参考说明书附图1，示出了本发明提供的远程微波监控方法的流程示意图。参考说明书附图2，示出了本发明提供的一种远程微波传输的结构示意图；参考说明书附图3，示出了本发明提供的一种微波数据传输的结构示意图。In one embodiment, referring to the attached figure 1 of the specification, a schematic flow chart of the remote microwave monitoring method provided by the present invention is shown; referring to the attached figure 2 of the specification, a schematic structural diagram of a remote microwave transmission provided by the present invention is shown; referring to the attached figure 3 of the specification, a schematic structural diagram of a microwave data transmission provided by the present invention is shown.
本发明提供的一种远程微波监控方法，包括：The present invention provides a remote microwave monitoring method, comprising:
S101：采集端获取森林图像数据。S101: The collection end obtains forest image data.
其中，采集端可以是摄像头或摄像机。The acquisition end may be a camera or a video camera.
其中，多个采集端通过中继设备与监控中心远程微波通信连接。Among them, multiple collection terminals are connected to the monitoring center through remote microwave communication via relay equipment.
S102：采集端对森林图像数据进行压缩。S102: The collection end compresses the forest image data.
具体而言，可以通过离散余弦变换、小波变换、预测编码等对森林图像数据进行压缩。Specifically, the forest image data can be compressed by discrete cosine transform, wavelet transform, predictive coding, etc.
在一种可能的实施方式中，为了提升森林图像数据的压缩效果，S102具体包括子步骤S1021至S1027：In a possible implementation, in order to improve the compression effect of the forest image data, S102 specifically includes sub-steps S1021 to S1027:
S1021：提取森林图像数据的图像帧。S1021: Extract image frames of forest image data.
S1022：将各个图像帧分解为R通道图像、G通道图像和B通道图像。S1022: Decompose each image frame into an R channel image, a G channel image, and a B channel image.
其中，彩色图像通常由红色（R）、绿色（G）和蓝色（B）三个基本颜色通道组成。Among them, color images usually consist of three basic color channels: red (R), green (G) and blue (B).
S1023：对R通道图像进行奇异值分解：S1023: Perform singular value decomposition on the R channel image:
其中，R表示R通道图像，U为正交矩阵，为对角矩阵，diag为对角矩阵符号，分别为对角矩阵的对角线上的i个数值，可称为奇异值， V为正交矩阵，VT表示V的转置。Among them, R represents the R channel image, U is the orthogonal matrix, is a diagonal matrix, diag is the diagonal matrix symbol, are the i values on the diagonal of the diagonal matrix, which can be called singular values. V is an orthogonal matrix, andVT represents the transpose of V.
其中，奇异值分解（Singular Value Decomposition， SVD）是一种重要的矩阵分解方法，可以将一个矩阵分解为三个矩阵的乘积的形式，分别代表了原始矩阵的空间变换、奇异值的重要程度以及数据在新的坐标系下的表示。Among them, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is an important matrix decomposition method, which can decompose a matrix into the product of three matrices, which respectively represent the spatial transformation of the original matrix, the importance of singular values, and the representation of data in the new coordinate system.
S1024：提取正交矩阵U的前k列，以对正交矩阵U进行降维处理，提取正交矩阵V的前k行，以对正交矩阵V进行降维处理，保留前k个奇异值，将其余的奇异值赋零，得到压缩后的R通道图像。S1024: extract the first k columns of the orthogonal matrix U to reduce the dimension of the orthogonal matrix U, extract the first k rows of the orthogonal matrix V to reduce the dimension of the orthogonal matrix V, and retain the first k singular values , assign the remaining singular values to zero to obtain the compressed R channel image.
其中，奇异值的排序代表了特征的重要程度，排序靠前的奇异值代表了数据中的主要特征，而排序靠后的奇异值则代表了数据中的次要特征。选择前k个最大的奇异值，将其余奇异值置零。这相当于保留了数据中最重要的特征，而忽略了较小的特征。The order of the singular values represents the importance of the features. The top singular values represent the main features in the data, while the bottom singular values represent the secondary features in the data. Select the first k largest singular values and set the rest to zero. This is equivalent to retaining the most important features in the data and ignoring the smaller features.
进一步地，提取正交矩阵U的前k列和正交矩阵V的前k行，这样就只保留了这k个特征，相当于将数据投影到了一个k维的子空间中，实现了对数据进行降维处理。Furthermore, the first k columns of the orthogonal matrix U and the first k rows of the orthogonal matrix V are extracted, so that only these k features are retained, which is equivalent to projecting the data into a k-dimensional subspace, thereby achieving dimensionality reduction of the data.
S1025：依据与R通道图像同样的处理方式，得到压缩后的G通道图像和B通道图像。S1025: Obtain compressed G channel image and B channel image in the same processing manner as the R channel image.
S1026：将压缩后的R通道图像、G通道图像和B通道图像进行合并，得到压缩后的图像帧。S1026: Merge the compressed R channel image, G channel image and B channel image to obtain a compressed image frame.
S1027：将压缩后的图像帧组合为压缩后的森林图像数据。S1027: Combining the compressed image frames into compressed forest image data.
在本发明中，通过奇异值分解对森林图像数据进行压缩，可以提取图像的主要特征并减少数据的维度，进一步在减小数据的大小、提高微波传输的效率的同时，保留图像的关键信息，保证图像不失真。In the present invention, the forest image data is compressed by singular value decomposition, which can extract the main features of the image and reduce the dimension of the data, further reducing the size of the data and improving the efficiency of microwave transmission while retaining the key information of the image and ensuring that the image is not distorted.
S103：采集端对压缩后的森林图像数据进行编码。S103: The collection end encodes the compressed forest image data.
具体而言，采集端可以采用霍夫曼编码、等长编码、算术编码、差分编码等方式对压缩后的森林图像数据进行编码。Specifically, the acquisition end can encode the compressed forest image data using Huffman coding, equal-length coding, arithmetic coding, differential coding, etc.
在一种可能的实施方式中，为了提升编码效率以及传输效率，S103具体包括子步骤S1031至S1033：In a possible implementation manner, in order to improve coding efficiency and transmission efficiency, S103 specifically includes sub-steps S1031 to S1033:
S1031：对压缩后的森林图像数据进行小波变换，得到小波系数y：S1031: Perform wavelet transform on the compressed forest image data to obtain wavelet coefficients y:
其中，x表示压缩后的森林图像数据，表示小波变换函数。Among them, x represents the compressed forest image data, Represents the wavelet transform function.
其中，小波变换是一种用于信号和图像分析的数学工具。它通过将信号或图像分解为不同尺度和频率的小波系数，提供了对信号或图像局部特征的描述和分析能力。Among them, wavelet transform is a mathematical tool for signal and image analysis. It provides the ability to describe and analyze the local characteristics of signals or images by decomposing them into wavelet coefficients of different scales and frequencies.
进一步地，小波变换可以将图像数据从时域转换到频域，使得图像数据能够以较少的系数表示。通过小波变换，可以将图像数据的冗余信息分解并抑制，从而实现更高的压缩率。Furthermore, wavelet transform can convert image data from time domain to frequency domain, so that image data can be represented by fewer coefficients. Through wavelet transform, redundant information of image data can be decomposed and suppressed, thereby achieving a higher compression rate.
S1032：对小波系数进行标量量化，得到离散的索引系数q：S1032: Perform scalar quantization on the wavelet coefficients to obtain discrete index coefficients q:
其中，表示标量函数，/>表示步长。in, represents a scalar function, /> Indicates the step length.
其中，为了进一步压缩和编码这些小波系数，可以对其进行标量量化操作，将其量化为一组有限的离散级别。通过量化，小波系数的范围将被划分为一组离散的级别，每个级别由相应的索引表示。这些离散的索引系数q可以更有效地编码和存储，从而实现对小波系数的压缩和表示。量化后的小波系数q将用于后续的编码和解码过程，以便进行数据的传输、存储或重建。Among them, in order to further compress and encode these wavelet coefficients, a scalar quantization operation can be performed on them to quantize them into a finite set of discrete levels. Through quantization, the range of wavelet coefficients will be divided into a set of discrete levels, each level represented by a corresponding index. These discrete index coefficients q can be encoded and stored more efficiently, thereby achieving compression and representation of wavelet coefficients. The quantized wavelet coefficients q will be used in subsequent encoding and decoding processes for data transmission, storage or reconstruction.
需要说明的是，标量量化过程中，可以根据特定的量化表或量化参数来控制量化的精度和级别。重要的小波系数将被保留在较高的精度级别上，而较不重要的系数则会被量化为较低的精度级别，从而实现数据的压缩同时尽可能地保留图像的重要信息。It should be noted that during the scalar quantization process, the precision and level of quantization can be controlled according to a specific quantization table or quantization parameter. Important wavelet coefficients will be retained at a higher precision level, while less important coefficients will be quantized to a lower precision level, thereby achieving data compression while retaining important information of the image as much as possible.
S1033：将索引系数压缩为比特流。S1033: Compress the index coefficients into a bit stream.
具体而言，确定每个索引系数所需的比特位数，这取决于量化级别的数量。将每个索引系数转换为其二进制表示形式，并按照比特位数将其编码为一个比特流。这可以使用位运算或二进制转换算法来完成。将每个索引系数的比特流按照顺序组合起来，形成一个整体的比特流。Specifically, determine the number of bits required for each index coefficient, which depends on the number of quantization levels. Convert each index coefficient to its binary representation and encode it into a bitstream according to the number of bits. This can be done using bit operations or binary conversion algorithms. Combine the bitstreams of each index coefficient in order to form an overall bitstream.
需要说明的是，将索引系数压缩为比特流后，可以进一步减小数据的体积，提高数据的传输效率。比特流可以更有效地存储和传输数据，从而减少传输延迟和资源占用。It should be noted that after compressing the index coefficients into a bit stream, the volume of data can be further reduced and the data transmission efficiency can be improved. The bit stream can store and transmit data more efficiently, thereby reducing transmission delay and resource occupation.
在本发明中，通过将压缩后的森林图像数据进行小波变换、标量量化和比特流压缩，可以实现更高的压缩率、减少数据量、保留重要信息，并提高数据的传输效率。这些好处使得图像数据的存储、传输和处理更加高效和便捷。In the present invention, by subjecting the compressed forest image data to wavelet transform, scalar quantization and bitstream compression, a higher compression rate can be achieved, the amount of data can be reduced, important information can be retained, and the data transmission efficiency can be improved. These benefits make the storage, transmission and processing of image data more efficient and convenient.
S104：采集端对编码进行调制，得到微波信号。S104: The acquisition end modulates the code to obtain a microwave signal.
具体而言，采集端可以采用Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) 调制、FrequencyShift Keying (FSK) 调制、Phase Shift Keying (PSK) 调制和Quadrature AmplitudeModulation (QAM) 调制等调制方式对编码进行调制，得到微波信号。Specifically, the acquisition end can use modulation methods such as Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation, Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation, Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation, and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) modulation to modulate the code to obtain a microwave signal.
在一种可能的实施方式中，S104具体为：通过正交振幅调制，对编码进行调制，得到微波信号。In a possible implementation, S104 specifically includes: modulating the code by orthogonal amplitude modulation to obtain a microwave signal.
其中，正交振幅调制（Quadrature Amplitude Modulation，QAM）是一种将数字数据同时调制到信号的幅度和相位上的复杂调制技术。它结合了振幅调制和相位调制的特点，可以在有限的信号带宽内传输更多的信息。Among them, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is a complex modulation technology that modulates digital data onto both the amplitude and phase of a signal. It combines the characteristics of amplitude modulation and phase modulation and can transmit more information within a limited signal bandwidth.
S105：采集端对微波信号进行加密。S105: The collection end encrypts the microwave signal.
需要说明的是，采集端对微波信号进行加密可以增加数据传输的安全性和保密性。It should be noted that encrypting the microwave signal at the acquisition end can increase the security and confidentiality of data transmission.
在一种可能的实施方式中，S105具体包括子步骤S1051至S1057：In a possible implementation, S105 specifically includes sub-steps S1051 to S1057:
S1051：选择两个大素数a和b，计算以及/>：S1051: Select two large prime numbers a and b, calculate and/> :
S1052：随机选择一个整数e，使得随机数e满足：S1052: Randomly select an integer e such that the random number e satisfies:
其中，表示随机数e与/>互质。in, Represents the random number e and/> Mutually prime.
S1053：计算随机数e的逆元：S1053: Calculate the inverse element of the random number e:
其中，mod表示取模运算符；Among them, mod represents the modulus operator;
S1054：将(G,e)作为私钥，将(G,d)作为公钥EK。S1054: Use (G, e) as the private key and (G, d) as the public key EK.
需要说明的是，使用上述方法生成私钥和公钥可以提供安全的加密和身份验证机制，保护森林图像数据的机密性和完整性，并确保只有经过授权的人可以访问和操作森林图像数据。It should be noted that generating private and public keys using the above method can provide a secure encryption and authentication mechanism to protect the confidentiality and integrity of forest image data and ensure that only authorized persons can access and operate forest image data.
S1055：构建关于随机数e和逆元d的混沌映射关系式：S1055: Construct the chaotic mapping relationship between random number e and inverse element d:
其中，n表示验证次数，λ1、λ2、λ3、λ4和λ5表示混沌参数且均为常数。Wherein, n represents the number of verifications, λ1 , λ2 , λ3 , λ4 and λ5 represent chaotic parameters and are all constants.
需要说明的是，混沌映射关系式的作用是为了保护随机数e和逆元d，在后续的每一次验证中，随机数e和逆元d均会发生变化。现有技术中的混沌映射关系式，现有的二维混沌映射存在混沌参数范围不连续，参数空间中存在许多周期窗口，混沌行为较脆弱，当参数受到干扰时，会出现混沌行为很容易消失，发生混沌退化的问题。而本发明首先初始化两个参数多项式，然后通过模运算将任意值折叠到一个固定的范围内，最后从非线性多项式生成混沌映射，生成具有鲁棒混沌性的二维混沌映射，弥补了现有混沌映射关系式中存在的缺点。It should be noted that the role of the chaotic mapping relation is to protect the random number e and the inverse element d. In each subsequent verification, the random number e and the inverse element d will change. The chaotic mapping relation in the prior art has a discontinuous chaotic parameter range in the existing two-dimensional chaotic mapping, and there are many periodic windows in the parameter space. The chaotic behavior is relatively fragile. When the parameters are disturbed, the chaotic behavior will easily disappear and the problem of chaotic degradation will occur. The present invention first initializes two parameter polynomials, and then folds any value into a fixed range through modular operation, and finally generates a chaotic map from a nonlinear polynomial to generate a two-dimensional chaotic map with robust chaos, which makes up for the shortcomings of the existing chaotic mapping relation.
S1056：通过以下公式对微波信号的哈希值HASH和公钥EK进行异或运算，得到密钥K：S1056: Perform an XOR operation on the hash value HASH of the microwave signal and the public key EK using the following formula to obtain the key K:
其中，ki表示密钥K的第i位的数值，hashi表示哈希值HASH的第i位的数值，eki表示公钥EK的第i位的数值。Among them, ki represents the value of the i-th bit of the key K, hashi represents the value of the i-th bit of the hash value HASH, and eki represents the value of the i-th bit of the public key EK.
需要说明的是，通过对微波信号的哈希值和公钥进行异或运算，可以增加密钥的随机性，提高密钥的安全性，从而增加对攻击的抵抗能力。It should be noted that by performing an XOR operation on the hash value of the microwave signal and the public key, the randomness of the key can be increased, the security of the key can be improved, and thus the resistance to attacks can be increased.
S1057：通过密钥K对微波信号进行加密。S1057: Encrypt the microwave signal using the key K.
在本发明中，采集端对微波信号进行加密可以提高数据传输的安全性和保密性，防止未经授权的访问和窃听，保护敏感信息不被泄露，同时增加系统的抗攻击性和数据的完整性，有助于确保森林图像数据在传输过程中的安全性和可靠性。In the present invention, the encryption of microwave signals at the acquisition end can improve the security and confidentiality of data transmission, prevent unauthorized access and eavesdropping, protect sensitive information from being leaked, and at the same time increase the system's anti-attack and data integrity, helping to ensure the security and reliability of forest image data during transmission.
S106：采集端发射加密后的微波信号，经过中继设备传输至监控中心。S106: The collection end transmits the encrypted microwave signal, which is transmitted to the monitoring center via the relay device.
其中，中继设备是指在数据传输过程中，用于增强信号传输范围、扩展覆盖区域和提供信号传输的中转功能的设备。中继设备可以放大和增强微波信号的强度，以保证信号在传输过程中不会因为信号衰减而失真或变弱。通过放大信号，中继设备能够延长传输距离，确保信号能够到达监控中心。Relay equipment refers to equipment used to enhance the signal transmission range, expand the coverage area, and provide signal transmission relay functions during data transmission. Relay equipment can amplify and enhance the strength of microwave signals to ensure that the signal will not be distorted or weakened due to signal attenuation during transmission. By amplifying the signal, the relay equipment can extend the transmission distance and ensure that the signal can reach the monitoring center.
S107：监控中心对接收到的微波信号进行解密。S107: The monitoring center decrypts the received microwave signal.
需要说明的是，解密过程是加密过程的逆过程，为避免重复，本发明不再赘述。It should be noted that the decryption process is the inverse process of the encryption process, and to avoid repetition, the present invention will not go into details.
S108：监控中心对解密后的微波信号进行解调。S108: The monitoring center demodulates the decrypted microwave signal.
在一种可能的实施方式中，S108具体为：通过正交振幅反调制，对解密后的微波信号进行解调。In a possible implementation, S108 specifically includes: demodulating the decrypted microwave signal through orthogonal amplitude inverse modulation.
需要说明的是，解调过程是调制过程的逆过程，为避免重复，本发明不再赘述。It should be noted that the demodulation process is the inverse process of the modulation process, and to avoid repetition, the present invention will not go into details.
S109：监控中心对解调后的编码进行解码。S109: The monitoring center decodes the demodulated code.
在一种可能的实施方式中，S109具体包括子步骤S1091至S1094：In a possible implementation, S109 specifically includes sub-steps S1091 to S1094:
S1091：根据比特流获取索引系数q。S1091: Obtain index coefficient q according to the bit stream.
S1092：根据索引系数进行反量化，得到重建小波系数。S1092: Dequantize according to the index coefficient to obtain the reconstructed wavelet coefficient .
。 .
S1093：根据重建小波系数进行小波反变换，得到重建森林图像数据：S1093: Perform inverse wavelet transform based on the reconstructed wavelet coefficients to obtain reconstructed forest image data :
其中，表示小波反变换函数。in, Represents the inverse wavelet transform function.
S1094：对重建森林图像数据进行去量化处理。S1094: Dequantize the reconstructed forest image data.
其中，在图像编码中，量化是将连续的小波系数转换为离散的索引系数的过程。而去量化则是将离散的索引系数重新转换回连续的小波系数的过程。去量化的目的是恢复编码前的小波系数，以便进行后续的反变换和重建图像数据。Among them, in image coding, quantization is the process of converting continuous wavelet coefficients into discrete index coefficients. Dequantization is the process of converting discrete index coefficients back to continuous wavelet coefficients. The purpose of dequantization is to restore the wavelet coefficients before encoding so as to perform subsequent inverse transformation and reconstruct image data.
需要说明的是，解码过程是编码过程的逆过程，为避免重复，本发明不再赘述。It should be noted that the decoding process is the inverse process of the encoding process, and to avoid repetition, the present invention will not go into details.
在一种可能的实施方式中，远程微波监控方法还包括：In a possible implementation, the remote microwave monitoring method further includes:
获取样本数据集X，样本数据集包括多个训练图像x。A sample dataset X is obtained, where the sample dataset includes multiple training images x.
构建编解码损失函数：Constructing the encoding and decoding loss function :
其中，表示小波变换可变参数，/>表示去量化可变参数，/>表示比特率。in, represents the variable parameters of wavelet transform,/> Indicates dequantized variable parameters, /> Indicates the bit rate.
以损失函数最小化为目标，通过样本数据集，对编解码方式进行训练，得到最佳的小波变换可变参数和去量化可变参数。With the goal of minimizing the loss function, the encoding and decoding methods are trained through sample data sets to obtain the optimal wavelet transform variable parameters and dequantization variable parameters.
在本发明中，通过训练来调整小波变换可变参数和去量化可变参数，以使编解码过程更加适应所处理的森林图像数据的特点。通过优化编解码方式，可以提高图像压缩的效率和质量，减少信息损失。进一步地，通过构建编解码损失函数，其中包含比特率作为重要的考虑因素，可以在保持图像质量的前提下，尽可能降低数据的传输和存储所需的比特率。有助于提高远程微波监控系统的效率、准确性和可靠性，更好地应对火灾风险监测的需求。In the present invention, the variable parameters of wavelet transform and dequantization are adjusted through training, so that the encoding and decoding process is more adapted to the characteristics of the processed forest image data. By optimizing the encoding and decoding method, the efficiency and quality of image compression can be improved and information loss can be reduced. Furthermore, by constructing an encoding and decoding loss function, which includes the bit rate as an important consideration, the bit rate required for data transmission and storage can be reduced as much as possible while maintaining image quality. This helps to improve the efficiency, accuracy and reliability of the remote microwave monitoring system and better meet the needs of fire risk monitoring.
S110：监控中心对解码后的森林图像数据进行图像识别，监控是否存在火灾风险。S110: The monitoring center performs image recognition on the decoded forest image data to monitor whether there is a fire risk.
具体而言，监控中心可以通过yolo算法、支持向量机、深度学习算法等对解码后的森林图像数据进行图像识别，监控是否存在火灾风险。Specifically, the monitoring center can perform image recognition on the decoded forest image data through the YOLO algorithm, support vector machine, deep learning algorithm, etc. to monitor whether there is a fire risk.
在一种可能的实施方式中，S110具体包括子步骤S1101至S110B：In a possible implementation, S110 specifically includes sub-steps S1101 to S110B:
S1101：获取样本数据集Y，样本数据集Y包括多张火灾图像。S1101: Obtain a sample data set Y, where the sample data set Y includes multiple fire images.
S1102：对样本数据集进行数据增强：S1102: Perform data enhancement on the sample data set:
其中，m表示融合图像，y1表示样本数据集中已有的第一图像，y2表示样本数据集中已有的第二图像，μ表示融合系数。Wherein, m represents the fused image,y1 represents the first image already in the sample data set,y2 represents the second image already in the sample data set, and μ represents the fusion coefficient.
具体地，第一图像可以是火焰图像，第二图像可以是烟、雾、云等图像。Specifically, the first image may be a flame image, and the second image may be an image of smoke, fog, cloud, or the like.
需要说明的是，森林火灾初期火势往往比较小，容易被遮挡。森林中树种的多样性以及其它遮挡物如烟、雾、云等造成了遮挡物的多样性，这些遮挡物都影响着模型对火灾进行识别的效果。本发明采取图片间的相互融合来模拟火势被遮挡的案例，生成更多的遮挡样本带入到模型中学习，让最终的网络模型对其他遮挡情况也有很好的识别效果。It should be noted that the fire in the early stage of a forest fire is often small and easily obscured. The diversity of tree species in the forest and other obstructions such as smoke, fog, and clouds cause the diversity of obstructions, which affect the model's ability to identify fires. The present invention uses the mutual fusion of images to simulate the case of a fire being obscured, generates more obscured samples and brings them into the model for learning, so that the final network model also has a good recognition effect on other obscured situations.
S1103：提取火灾图像的灰度共生矩阵。S1103: Extract the gray level co-occurrence matrix of the fire image.
其中，灰度共生矩阵是一种用于描述图像纹理特征的统计方法。它通过分析像素之间的灰度值关系来捕捉图像中的纹理信息。灰度共生矩阵是一个二维矩阵，其中的每个元素表示了在特定的方向和距离上，两个像素具有一对特定灰度值的共生频次。具体而言，灰度共生矩阵统计了图像中每对像素的灰度值出现的频次，可以捕捉到灰度级之间的空间关系和相对分布。Among them, the gray level co-occurrence matrix is a statistical method for describing the texture characteristics of an image. It captures the texture information in an image by analyzing the gray value relationship between pixels. The gray level co-occurrence matrix is a two-dimensional matrix, in which each element represents the co-occurrence frequency of two pixels having a pair of specific gray values in a specific direction and distance. Specifically, the gray level co-occurrence matrix counts the frequency of occurrence of gray values for each pair of pixels in the image, and can capture the spatial relationship and relative distribution between gray levels.
S1104：通过灰度共生矩阵，提取火灾图像的图像特征，图像特征包括对比度e1、相关性e2、能量e3和同质性e4。S1104: extracting image features of the fire image through the gray level co-occurrence matrix, the image features including contrast e1 , correlation e2 , energy e3 and homogeneity e4 .
在一种可能的实施方式中，S1104具体为：In a possible implementation manner, S1104 specifically includes:
通过以下公式，提取火灾图像的对比度e1、相关性e2、能量e3和同质性e4：The contrast e1 , correlation e2 , energy e3 and homogeneity e4 of the fire image are extracted by the following formulas:
其中，PG表示灰度共生矩阵，P(i, j)表示灰度共生矩阵中第i行第j列的像素值，ui表示第i行像素值的均值，uj表示第j列像素值的均值，Si表示第i行像素值的标准差，Sj表示第j列像素值的标准差。Where PG represents the gray-level co-occurrence matrix, P(i, j) represents the pixel value of the i-th row and j-th column in the gray-level co-occurrence matrix, ui represents the mean of the pixel values in the i-th row, uj represents the mean of the pixel values in the j-th column, Si represents the standard deviation of the pixel values in the i-th row, and Sj represents the standard deviation of the pixel values in the j-th column.
其中，对比度、相关性、能量和同质性等特征可以提供对火灾图像纹理的描述。火灾图像通常具有独特的纹理特征，如火焰、烟雾、火光等，这些特征可以通过灰度共生矩阵提取的图像特征来捕捉。这些特征有助于区分火灾图像与正常图像，并提供有关火灾图像的纹理信息。通过提取灰度共生矩阵的图像特征，能够有效地描述火灾图像的纹理特征和统计信息，提供全面的特征描述和定量化分析，从而实现对火灾图像的识别和分析。Among them, features such as contrast, correlation, energy, and homogeneity can provide a description of the texture of fire images. Fire images usually have unique texture features, such as flames, smoke, and firelight, which can be captured by image features extracted from the gray-level co-occurrence matrix. These features help to distinguish fire images from normal images and provide texture information about fire images. By extracting the image features of the gray-level co-occurrence matrix, the texture features and statistical information of fire images can be effectively described, providing a comprehensive feature description and quantitative analysis, thereby realizing the recognition and analysis of fire images.
S1105：对各个图像特征进行特征融合，得到融合特征值E：S1105: Perform feature fusion on each image feature to obtain a fusion feature value E:
其中，θ表示融合参数，α1表示对比度的权重，α2表示相关性的权重，α3表示能量的权重，α4表示同质性的权重。Among them, θ represents the fusion parameter,α1 represents the weight of contrast,α2 represents the weight of correlation,α3 represents the weight of energy, andα4 represents the weight of homogeneity.
其中，融合不同的图像特征可以提供更全面和准确的图像描述。每个图像特征都能从不同的角度捕捉图像的信息，通过将它们进行融合，可以综合利用各个特征的优势，得到更全面、更准确的特征表达。Among them, fusing different image features can provide a more comprehensive and accurate image description. Each image feature can capture image information from different angles. By fusing them, the advantages of each feature can be comprehensively utilized to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate feature expression.
在一种可能的实施方式中，对比度的权重α1，相关性的权重α2，能量的权重α3以及同质性的权重α4的确定方式为：In a possible implementation, the weight α1 of contrast, the weight α2 of correlation, the weight α3 of energy, and the weight α4 of homogeneity are determined as follows:
通过对对比度、相关性、能量和同质性进行两两比较，结合九级标度法，建立判别矩阵A：By comparing contrast, correlation, energy and homogeneity in pairs and combining the nine-level scaling method, the discriminant matrix A is established:
其中，aij表示第i个图像特征相对于第j个图像特征的重要程度，aij的取值可通过九极标度法确定，n=4。Among them,aij represents the importance of the i-th image feature relative to the j-th image feature. The value ofaij can be determined by the nine-pole scaling method, n=4.
其中，九级标度法（Nine-Point Scale）是一种用于比较和评估对象或概念相对重要性、优劣或程度的量表方法。通常由一个包含九个等级的量表组成，每个等级用于表示不同的程度或程度。被评估者需要根据自己的感觉或认知，在这九个等级中选择一个最符合对第i个图像特征相对于第j个图像特征的重要程度的评价。Among them, the Nine-Point Scale is a scale method used to compare and evaluate the relative importance, superiority or degree of objects or concepts. It usually consists of a scale containing nine levels, each level is used to represent a different degree or degree. The person being evaluated needs to choose one of the nine levels that best suits his evaluation of the importance of the i-th image feature relative to the j-th image feature based on his own feelings or cognition.
计算判别矩阵A的特征向量和特征值：Calculate the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the discriminant matrix A:
其中，λ表示判别矩阵A的特征值，p表示判别矩阵A的特征向量，取最大的特征值记为λmax，与最大的特征值对应的特征向量记为pmax，。Wherein, λ represents the eigenvalue of the discriminant matrix A, p represents the eigenvector of the discriminant matrix A, the largest eigenvalue is denoted as λmax , and the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue is denoted as pmax , .
对最大的特征值对应的特征向量pmax进行归一化处理：Normalize the eigenvector pmax corresponding to the largest eigenvalue:
其中，归一化后的向量的各个分量/>分别代表各个图像特征的权重，可分别记为/>。Among them, the normalized vector The various components of /> Represent the weights of each image feature, which can be recorded as/> .
在本发明中，提供了一种系统化的方法来确定权重，基于准则间的两两比较和专家判断，可以考虑对比度、相关性、能量和同质性等多个因素，综合考虑它们的重要性，从而更全面地评估和比较不同图像特征的贡献，使决策过程更加客观和科学。通过权重的确定，可以减少主观偏见和随意性，提供可量化的依据进行决策。In the present invention, a systematic method is provided to determine the weights. Based on the pairwise comparison between criteria and expert judgment, multiple factors such as contrast, correlation, energy and homogeneity can be considered, and their importance can be comprehensively considered, so as to more comprehensively evaluate and compare the contributions of different image features, making the decision process more objective and scientific. By determining the weights, subjective bias and arbitrariness can be reduced, and a quantifiable basis can be provided for decision making.
S1106：使用Sigmod函数将融合特征值E映射至[0,1]的区间范围内：S1106: Use the Sigmod function to map the fused eigenvalue E to the interval range of [0,1]:
其中，e表示自然对数。Here, e represents the natural logarithm.
需要说明的是，通过Sigmoid函数的运算，可以将融合特征值转化为一个介于0和1之间的概率值。这样做的目的是将融合特征值进行归一化，使其具有概率的解释，方便进行后续的判断和处理。It should be noted that, through the operation of the Sigmoid function, the fused feature value can be converted into a probability value between 0 and 1. The purpose of this is to normalize the fused feature value so that it has a probabilistic interpretation, which is convenient for subsequent judgment and processing.
S1107：使用阶跃函数g(E)将概率值转化为{0,1}的结果输出：S1107: Use the step function g(E) to convert the probability value into {0,1} and output the result:
其中，1表示存在火灾，0表示不存在火灾。Among them, 1 means there is a fire, and 0 means there is no fire.
S1108：构建损失函数J(θ)：S1108: Construct loss function J(θ):
其中，n表示火灾图像的数目，Ei表示第i个火灾图像的融合特征值，g(Ei)表示阶跃函数的输出结果。Where n represents the number of fire images, Ei represents the fusion feature value of the i-th fire image, and g(Ei ) represents the output result of the step function.
需要说明的是，通过构建损失函数J(θ)，可以衡量火灾图像识别模型的性能。损失函数是一个衡量模型预测结果与真实标签之间差异的指标，通过最小化损失函数，可以使模型在火灾图像识别任务中取得更好的效果。It should be noted that the performance of the fire image recognition model can be measured by constructing the loss function J(θ). The loss function is an indicator that measures the difference between the model's prediction results and the true label. By minimizing the loss function, the model can achieve better results in the fire image recognition task.
S1109：使用梯度下降法对损失函数J(θ)进行求解，计算出融合参数θ。S1109: Use the gradient descent method to solve the loss function J(θ) and calculate the fusion parameter θ.
在本发明中，使用梯度下降法对损失函数进行求解，可以优化模型的融合参数θ。梯度下降法是一种常用的优化算法，通过计算损失函数对参数的梯度方向，不断更新参数的数值，逐步接近最优解。这样可以使模型的融合参数θ得到优化，进而提升火灾图像识别的准确性和稳定性。In the present invention, the gradient descent method is used to solve the loss function, and the fusion parameter θ of the model can be optimized. The gradient descent method is a commonly used optimization algorithm. By calculating the gradient direction of the loss function to the parameter, the value of the parameter is continuously updated and gradually approaches the optimal solution. In this way, the fusion parameter θ of the model can be optimized, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of fire image recognition.
S110A：获取实时森林图像数据。S110A: Acquire real-time forest image data.
S110B：通过训练好的算法，对实时森林图像数据进行图像识别，监控是否存在火灾风险。S110B: Use trained algorithms to perform image recognition on real-time forest image data to monitor whether there is a fire risk.
S111：监控中心监控到火灾风险时，发出报警信号。S111: When the monitoring center detects a fire risk, an alarm signal is issued.
具体而言，一旦监控中心监测到火灾风险，监控中心可以采用声音警报、光闪警报和短信电话通知等方式发出报警信号。并且自动触发应急系统。Specifically, once the monitoring center detects a fire risk, it can send out an alarm signal using sound alarms, flashing light alarms, SMS and phone notifications, and automatically trigger the emergency system.
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下有益技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
在本发明中，通过远程微波技术，采集端可以经过多个中继设备实时传输森林图像至监控中心，监控中心对森林图像进行图像识别，监控是否存在火灾风险，火情监控的覆盖范围更广，不会受到天气因素的影响，采集端的摄像头相对于无人机而言，成本较低，利于推广。In the present invention, through remote microwave technology, the collection end can transmit forest images to the monitoring center in real time through multiple relay devices. The monitoring center performs image recognition on the forest images to monitor whether there is a fire risk. The coverage of fire monitoring is wider and will not be affected by weather factors. The camera at the collection end is lower in cost than that of drones, which is conducive to promotion.
实施例2Example 2
在一个实施例中，本发明提供的一种远程微波监控系统，用于执行实施例1中的远程微波监控方法。In one embodiment, the present invention provides a remote microwave monitoring system for executing the remote microwave monitoring method in Example 1.
本发明提供的一种远程微波监控系统可以实现上述实施例1中的远程微波监控方法的步骤和效果，为避免重复，本发明不再赘述。A remote microwave monitoring system provided by the present invention can realize the steps and effects of the remote microwave monitoring method in the above-mentioned embodiment 1. To avoid repetition, the present invention will not go into details.
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下有益技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
在本发明中，通过远程微波技术，采集端可以经过多个中继设备实时传输森林图像至监控中心，监控中心对森林图像进行图像识别，监控是否存在火灾风险，火情监控的覆盖范围更广，不会受到天气因素的影响，采集端的摄像头相对于无人机而言，成本较低，利于推广。In the present invention, through remote microwave technology, the collection end can transmit forest images to the monitoring center in real time through multiple relay devices. The monitoring center performs image recognition on the forest images to monitor whether there is a fire risk. The coverage of fire monitoring is wider and will not be affected by weather factors. The camera at the collection end is lower in cost than that of drones, which is conducive to promotion.
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.
以上实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311063149.XACN116781870B (en) | 2023-08-23 | 2023-08-23 | Remote microwave monitoring method and system |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311063149.XACN116781870B (en) | 2023-08-23 | 2023-08-23 | Remote microwave monitoring method and system |
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| CN116781870A CN116781870A (en) | 2023-09-19 |
| CN116781870Btrue CN116781870B (en) | 2024-05-31 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202311063149.XAActiveCN116781870B (en) | 2023-08-23 | 2023-08-23 | Remote microwave monitoring method and system |
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| PE01 | Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right | Denomination of invention:A remote microwave monitoring method and system Granted publication date:20240531 Pledgee:Bank of Tianjin Limited by Share Ltd. Beijing branch Pledgor:Beijing dayeqiao Technology Co.,Ltd. Registration number:Y2025980021502 |