技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种药食同源植物饮品，尤其涉及一种降尿酸的葛根饮料及其制备方法。The present invention relates to a medicinal and edible plant drink, in particular to a uric acid-lowering kudzu drink and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高、生活方式多元化和膳食结构多样性，海鲜和动物内脏等高嘌呤食物摄入量不断提高，大量嘌呤类化合物在体内转化为尿酸，提高机体尿酸水平，引发高尿酸血症。高尿酸血症已经成为仅次于糖尿病的第二大代谢疾病，严重威胁国民健康，为我国公共卫生医疗体系带来沉重的负担。In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, diversified lifestyles and diversified dietary structures, the intake of high-purine foods such as seafood and animal offal has continued to increase. A large number of purine compounds are converted into uric acid in the body, increasing the body's uric acid level. Causes hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia has become the second most common metabolic disease after diabetes, seriously threatening national health and placing a heavy burden on my country's public health care system.
目前临床上，使用别嘌呤醇和苯溴马隆等药物治疗高尿酸血症，然而，长期服用控制高尿酸血症的药物会引发一系列副作用。天然植物中的活性成分具有降尿酸作用，且安全有效。以天然植物为原料开发功能性食品对高尿酸血症进行膳食干预引起了许多学者的关注。Currently, drugs such as allopurinol and benzbromarone are used clinically to treat hyperuricemia. However, long-term use of drugs to control hyperuricemia can cause a series of side effects. The active ingredients in natural plants have uric acid-lowering effects and are safe and effective. The development of functional foods using natural plants as raw materials for dietary intervention in hyperuricemia has attracted the attention of many scholars.
葛根是药食同源的两用植物，具有极高的药用价值。《伤寒论》记载的千古名方“葛根汤”和“葛根岑连汤”便以葛根为君药治疗高尿酸血症流传至今。现代药理学表明，葛根富含葛根异黄酮，其主要活性物质为葛根素，具有降尿酸潜力。目前市场上未见具有降尿酸功效的葛根饮料，因此，开发一款具有降尿酸功效的葛根饮料，对于丰富葛根食品种类、促进葛根的加工利用、提升葛根的附加值有重要的意义。Pueraria lobata is a dual-purpose plant with the same origin as medicine and food, and has extremely high medicinal value. The famous prescriptions "Pueraria lobata" and "Pueraria lobata Cenlian decoction" recorded in "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" use Pueraria lobata as the king medicine to treat hyperuricemia and are still passed down to this day. Modern pharmacology shows that Pueraria lobata is rich in Puerarin isoflavones, and its main active substance is Puerarin, which has the potential to lower uric acid. Currently, there is no kudzu drink with uric acid-lowering effect on the market. Therefore, developing a kudzu drink with uric acid-lowering effect is of great significance to enrich the variety of kudzu food, promote the processing and utilization of kudzu, and increase the added value of kudzu.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种降尿酸的葛根饮料及其制备方法，该方法以葛根为主要原料，工艺简单，风味与市面上的葛根饮料相近，可显著抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性和保护肾脏，降低尿酸水平，有助于实现高尿酸血症的膳食干预。The object of the present invention is to provide a uric acid-lowering kudzu root drink and a preparation method thereof. The method uses kudzu root as the main raw material, has a simple process, has a flavor similar to the kudzu root drink on the market, and can significantly inhibit xanthine oxidase activity and protect the kidneys. Dietary intervention that reduces uric acid levels and helps achieve hyperuricemia.
为实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：In order to achieve the above objects, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are:
本发明提供一种降尿酸的葛根饮料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：The invention provides a preparation method of a uric acid-lowering kudzu beverage, which includes the following steps:
S1.将葛根洗净并粉碎，得到葛根粉；S1. Wash and crush Pueraria lobata to obtain Pueraria lobata powder;
S2.将葛根粉在热水中超声浸提，离心过滤后，收集滤液，减压浓缩至原液的1/(2-5)，得到葛根浓缩液；S2. Ultrasonic extraction of Pueraria lobata powder in hot water, centrifugal filtration, collect the filtrate, and concentrate under reduced pressure to 1/(2-5) of the original solution to obtain Pueraria lobata concentrate;
S3.将葛根浓缩液、甜味剂、酸味剂和食品增稠稳定剂按照一定比例混合均匀，即得所述降尿酸的葛根饮料；S3. Mix the Pueraria lobata concentrate, sweetener, sourness agent and food thickening stabilizer in a certain proportion to obtain the uric acid-lowering Pueraria lobata beverage;
S4.对S3所得葛根饮料进行杀菌消毒，冷却后贴标，4℃保存。S4. Sterilize and disinfect the kudzu beverage obtained in S3, label it after cooling, and store it at 4°C.
优选地，步骤S2所述的葛根粉与热水的料液比为1:(5-10)；热水的温度为60-80℃；超声功率为200-300W，提取时间为30-50min。Preferably, the material-to-liquid ratio of the kudzu powder and hot water described in step S2 is 1:(5-10); the temperature of the hot water is 60-80°C; the ultrasonic power is 200-300W, and the extraction time is 30-50min.
优选地，步骤S2所述的葛根浓缩液中葛根素含量不低于0.5g/L。Preferably, the puerarin content in the Pueraria lobata concentrate described in step S2 is not less than 0.5g/L.
优选地，步骤S3中，添加20-60重量份所述葛根浓缩液、0.001-0.003重量份所述甜味剂、0.02-0.04重量份所述酸味剂、1-5重量份食品增稠稳定剂和40-80重量份所述生产用水。Preferably, in step S3, 20-60 parts by weight of the kudzu root concentrate, 0.001-0.003 parts by weight of the sweetener, 0.02-0.04 parts by weight of the sour agent, and 1-5 parts by weight of food thickening stabilizer are added and 40-80 parts by weight of the process water.
优选地，步骤S3中所述甜味剂为白砂糖、三氯蔗糖、罗汉果甜苷和赤藓糖醇中的一种或两种以上。Preferably, the sweetener described in step S3 is one or more of white sugar, sucralose, mogroside and erythritol.
优选地，步骤S3中所述酸味剂为柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、苹果酸和维生素C中的一种或两种以上。Preferably, the sour agent in step S3 is one or more of citric acid, sodium citrate, malic acid and vitamin C.
优选地，步骤S3中所述的食品增稠稳定剂为黄原胶、阿拉伯胶、β-环糊精和羧甲基纤维素钠中的一种或两种以上。Preferably, the food thickening stabilizer described in step S3 is one or more of xanthan gum, gum arabic, β-cyclodextrin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.
优选地，步骤S4中，杀菌温度为60-80℃，杀菌时间为30-50min。Preferably, in step S4, the sterilization temperature is 60-80°C and the sterilization time is 30-50 minutes.
本发明还提供一种由上述制备方法制得的降尿酸的葛根饮料。The invention also provides a uric acid-lowering kudzu beverage prepared by the above preparation method.
与现有技术对比，本发明具有如下优点：Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明以药食同源植物葛根为主要原料制备葛根饮料，生成工艺简单，保留了葛根中的主要活性物质，风味与市售葛根饮料相近，适合各年龄段的人群饮用。本发明制备的葛根饮料可显著抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性，减少尿酸生成，并保护肾脏，促进尿酸排泄，降低血液中尿酸浓度，缓解高尿酸血症。The invention uses the medicinal and edible plant Pueraria lobata as the main raw material to prepare the Pueraria lobata beverage. The production process is simple, the main active substances in Pueraria lobata are retained, the flavor is similar to the commercially available Pueraria lobata beverage, and it is suitable for drinking by people of all ages. The kudzu beverage prepared by the invention can significantly inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase, reduce the production of uric acid, protect the kidneys, promote uric acid excretion, reduce the concentration of uric acid in the blood, and alleviate hyperuricemia.
与现有技术相比，本发明提供了具有降尿酸作用的葛根饮料。本发明葛根饮料具有较好的降尿酸作用，在具有较好风味的前提下，可以显著抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性，减少尿酸生成，保护肾脏组织，促进尿酸排泄，为葛根的综合应用开发提供了一种具有广阔前景的途径。Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a kudzu beverage with uric acid-lowering effect. The Pueraria lobata beverage of the present invention has a better uric acid-lowering effect. On the premise of having a better flavor, it can significantly inhibit xanthine oxidase activity, reduce uric acid production, protect kidney tissue, and promote uric acid excretion, which provides a comprehensive application development for Pueraria lobata. A promising approach.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为肾脏组织脱水及封蜡流程图。Figure 1 is a flow chart of kidney tissue dehydration and wax sealing.
图2为肾脏组织病理学检查H&E染色流程图。Figure 2 is a flow chart of H&E staining for renal histopathological examination.
图3为葛根饮料PLB对高尿酸血症小鼠血尿酸的影响。Figure 3 shows the effect of Pueraria lobata beverage PLB on blood uric acid in hyperuricemic mice.
图4为葛根饮料PLB对高尿酸血症小鼠肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响。Figure 4 shows the effect of Pueraria lobata beverage PLB on liver xanthine oxidase activity in hyperuricemic mice.
图5为各组小鼠肾脏组织H&E染色代表性图像，(A)正常组NC；(B)模型组MC；(C)别嘌呤醇组AP；(D)低剂量葛根饮料组PLB-L；(E)中剂量葛根饮料组PLB-M；(F)高剂量葛根饮料组PLB-H。Figure 5 shows representative images of H&E staining of mouse kidney tissue in each group, (A) normal group NC; (B) model group MC; (C) allopurinol group AP; (D) low-dose kudzu beverage group PLB-L; (E) Medium-dose Pueraria lobata beverage group PLB-M; (F) High-dose Pueraria lobata beverage group PLB-H.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将提供实施例对本发明作进一步清楚、完整地描述，所提供的实施例仅是本发明的最佳实施方式，不对本发明的内容和保护范围构成限制。本领域技术人员将本发明与其他技术组合而得到的与本产品相近的产品，均属于本发明保护的范围The following examples will be provided to further clearly and completely describe the present invention. The provided examples are only the best implementation modes of the present invention and do not limit the content and protection scope of the present invention. Products similar to this product obtained by those skilled in the art by combining the present invention with other technologies shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below through examples.
实施例1：一种降尿酸的葛根饮料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：Example 1: A method for preparing a uric acid-lowering kudzu beverage, including the following steps:
S1.将干燥的葛根清洗干净并粉碎，得到葛根粉。S1. Clean and crush the dried kudzu root to obtain kudzu root powder.
S2.将葛根粉浸泡在7体积的70℃热水中，在超声功率为240W下，超声提取40min。离心过滤后，收集滤液，减压浓缩至原液的1/3，得到葛根浓缩液。S2. Soak the kudzu root powder in 7 volumes of 70°C hot water, and conduct ultrasonic extraction for 40 minutes at an ultrasonic power of 240W. After centrifugal filtration, the filtrate is collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to 1/3 of the original solution to obtain a Pueraria lobata concentrate.
S3.按重量份，添加20-60重量份所述葛根浓缩液(其中葛根素含量为0.54g/L)、0.001-0.003重量份所述甜味剂三氯蔗糖、0.02-0.04重量份所述酸味剂柠檬酸、1重量份所述食品增稠稳定剂和40-80重量份所述生产用水，混合均匀即得产品。S3. Add 20-60 parts by weight of the puerarin concentrate (wherein the puerarin content is 0.54g/L), 0.001-0.003 parts by weight of the sweetener sucralose, and 0.02-0.04 parts by weight of the sweetener sucralose. The sour agent citric acid, 1 part by weight of the food thickening stabilizer and 40-80 parts by weight of the production water are mixed evenly to obtain a product.
S4.采用巴士杀菌法对葛根饮料进行杀菌消毒，杀菌温度为80℃，杀菌时间为40min。冷却后贴标，4℃保存。S4. Use the pasteurization method to sterilize the kudzu beverage. The sterilization temperature is 80°C and the sterilization time is 40 minutes. After cooling, label and store at 4°C.
调整葛根饮料中葛根浓缩液、甜味剂、酸味剂的添加量，得到不同配方的葛根饮料，并对其进行感官评价，得到结果如表1所示。The addition amounts of kudzu concentrate, sweetener, and sour agent in the kudzu beverage were adjusted to obtain kudzu beverages with different formulas, and sensory evaluation was performed on them. The results are shown in Table 1.
表1葛根饮料配方优化正交试验结果Table 1 Orthogonal test results for optimization of kudzu beverage formula
测试例1：降尿酸实验Test Example 1: Uric Acid Lowering Experiment
材料与方法Materials and Methods
1.1实验材料1.1 Experimental materials
SPF级昆明小鼠36只，雄性，4-6周龄，体重在18-22g之间，购自三峡大学实验动物中心。Thirty-six SPF grade Kunming mice, male, 4-6 weeks old, weighing 18-22 g, were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of Three Gorges University.
1.2实验方法1.2 Experimental methods
1.2.1高尿酸血症小鼠模型的建立及给药1.2.1 Establishment and administration of hyperuricemia mouse model
小鼠适应性饲养3天后，随机分为正常组和造模组，其中正常组(NC)6只，造模组30只。灌胃氧嗪酸钾和次黄嘌呤建立高尿酸血症小鼠模型。造模组每天灌胃400mg/kg氧嗪酸钾和300mg/kg次黄嘌呤混悬液，灌胃体积为0.1mL/10g，连续造模7天，正常组小鼠灌胃等量的0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)溶液。将造模成功的36只小鼠分为模型组(MC)、别嘌呤醇组(AP)、低剂量葛根饮料组(PLB-L)、中剂量葛根饮料组(PLB-M)和高剂量葛根饮料组(PLB-H)，每组6只小鼠。NC组继续灌胃等量0.5％ CMC-Na溶液，其余各组灌胃400mg/kg氧嗪酸钾和300mg/kg次黄嘌呤混悬液，继续造模。给造模药1h后，AP组小鼠灌胃别嘌呤醇，给药量为15mg/kg/d，PLB-L组、PLB-M组和PLB-H组给药量分别为0.5、1和2g/kg/d，MC组灌胃等量的0.5％ CMC-Na溶液。第21天给药1h后，从眼眶静脉取血，待测。After the mice were adaptively raised for 3 days, they were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group, including 6 mice in the normal group (NC) and 30 mice in the model group. A mouse model of hyperuricemia was established by intragastric administration of potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine. The modeling group was administered 400 mg/kg potassium oxonate and 300 mg/kg hypoxanthine suspension daily, with a volume of 0.1 mL/10 g. The modeling group was continuously established for 7 days. The mice in the normal group were administered an equal amount of 0.5% Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) solution. The 36 mice that were successfully modeled were divided into model group (MC), allopurinol group (AP), low-dose Pueraria lobata beverage group (PLB-L), medium-dose Pueraria lobata beverage group (PLB-M) and high-dose Pueraria lobata group. Drink group (PLB-H), 6 mice in each group. The NC group continued to be gavaged with an equal amount of 0.5% CMC-Na solution, and the other groups were gavaged with 400 mg/kg potassium oxonate and 300 mg/kg hypoxanthine suspension to continue modeling. 1 hour after administration of the modeling drug, mice in the AP group were intragastrically administered allopurinol at a dosage of 15 mg/kg/d, and the dosages in the PLB-L group, PLB-M group and PLB-H group were 0.5, 1 and 1 respectively. 2g/kg/d, the MC group was given an equal amount of 0.5% CMC-Na solution by intragastric administration. One hour after administration on day 21, blood was taken from the orbital vein for testing.
1.2.2血液中尿酸浓度测定1.2.2 Determination of uric acid concentration in blood
获得的血液室温放置2小时，于2-8℃下离心15min(3000r/min)，取上清，按照尿酸试剂盒操作指南测定血液中尿酸浓度。The obtained blood was left at room temperature for 2 hours, centrifuged at 2-8°C for 15 minutes (3000r/min), the supernatant was taken, and the uric acid concentration in the blood was measured according to the uric acid kit operating instructions.
1.2.3肝脏组织中黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的测定1.2.3 Determination of xanthine oxidase activity in liver tissue
准确称取小鼠肝脏组织，与生理盐水按1:9比例(w/v)混合，使用高速匀浆机将肝脏组织在冰水浴下充分匀浆。样品匀浆后于4℃下离心10min(3000r/min)，取上清液，按照黄嘌呤氧化酶试剂盒操作指南测定肝脏组织中黄嘌呤氧化酶活性。Accurately weigh the mouse liver tissue, mix it with physiological saline at a ratio of 1:9 (w/v), and use a high-speed homogenizer to fully homogenize the liver tissue in an ice-water bath. After homogenizing the sample, centrifuge it at 4°C for 10 minutes (3000r/min), take the supernatant, and measure the xanthine oxidase activity in the liver tissue according to the xanthine oxidase kit operating instructions.
1.2.4肾脏组织病理学检查1.2.4 Renal histopathological examination
取血后，处死小鼠，取出肾脏组织，用4％多聚甲醛溶液固定，随后进行石蜡包埋和H&E染色。After blood collection, the mice were sacrificed, and the kidney tissues were removed and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by paraffin embedding and H&E staining.
组织石蜡包埋切片：新鲜肾脏组织除去表面筋膜后，用4％多聚甲醛固定24h以上。将组织从固定液取出后，在通风橱内用手术刀将目标部位组织修平整。将修切好的组织和对应的标签放于脱水盒内，按照图1所示的流程进行脱水和封蜡。Tissue paraffin-embedded sections: After removing the superficial fascia from fresh kidney tissue, it was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for more than 24 hours. After removing the tissue from the fixative, use a scalpel to smooth the tissue at the target site in a fume hood. Place the trimmed tissue and corresponding labels in the dehydration box, and follow the process shown in Figure 1 for dehydration and wax sealing.
在包埋机内将浸好蜡的组织进行包埋。先将融化的蜡放入包埋框，在凝固前取出脱水盒内的组织，放入包埋框并贴上对应的标签。在-20℃冻台上冷却凝固，从包埋框中取出并平整蜡块，使用石蜡切片机上蜡块切成厚4μm的切片。组织切片在40℃摊片机上展平，用载玻片轻轻捞起，置于60℃烘箱内烤干。烤干后，按照图2步骤进行H&E染色。The tissue soaked in wax is embedded in the embedding machine. First put the melted wax into the embedding frame, take out the tissue in the dehydration box before solidification, put it into the embedding frame and attach the corresponding label. Cool and solidify on a -20°C freezing table. Remove the wax block from the embedding frame and smooth it. Use a paraffin microtome to cut the wax block into 4 μm thick sections. The tissue sections were flattened on a spreader at 40°C, gently picked up with a glass slide, and dried in a 60°C oven. After drying, perform H&E staining according to the steps in Figure 2.
2试验结果2 test results
2.1葛根饮料对血液中尿酸浓度的影响2.1 Effect of Pueraria lobata beverage on uric acid concentration in blood
高尿酸血症主要表现为血液尿酸浓度过高。由图3可知，连续灌胃氧嗪酸钾和次黄嘌呤混悬液三周后，与NC组小鼠相比，MC组血液中尿酸浓度显著升高(P<0.05)，尿酸浓度比NC组提高了3.69倍，表明成功构建高尿酸血症小鼠模型。PLB干预高尿酸血症小鼠14天后，PLB-L组、PLB-M组和PLB-H组小鼠血液中尿酸浓度分别降低16.42％、38.89％和59.92％，这说明PLB具有降尿酸作用，且随给药量增加血液中尿酸浓度逐渐降低。与MC组相比，AP组小鼠血液中尿酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05)，降低了64.91％。AP组和PLB-H组小鼠血液中尿酸水平没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。Hyperuricemia is mainly characterized by excessive blood uric acid concentration. As can be seen from Figure 3, after three weeks of continuous intragastric administration of potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine suspension, the concentration of uric acid in the blood of the MC group was significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with the mice in the NC group. The uric acid concentration was higher than that of the NC group. group increased by 3.69 times, indicating that the hyperuricemia mouse model was successfully constructed. After PLB intervened in hyperuricemic mice for 14 days, the uric acid concentration in the blood of mice in the PLB-L group, PLB-M group and PLB-H group decreased by 16.42%, 38.89% and 59.92% respectively, which shows that PLB has a uric acid-lowering effect. And as the dosage increases, the concentration of uric acid in the blood gradually decreases. Compared with the MC group, the concentration of uric acid in the blood of mice in the AP group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), by 64.91%. There was no significant difference in blood uric acid levels between AP group and PLB-H group mice (P>0.05).
2.2葛根饮料对黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响2.2 Effect of Pueraria lobata beverage on xanthine oxidase activity
黄嘌呤氧化酶可以催化黄嘌呤转化为尿酸，是防治高尿酸血症的重要靶点，主要在肝脏中发挥作用，图4是PLB对肝脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的影响。如图4所示，与NC组相比，MC组小鼠肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性显著升高(P<0.05)，其黄嘌呤氧化酶活性升高2.56倍，这归因于大量次黄嘌呤提高了机体内嘌呤化合物水平，诱导黄嘌呤氧化酶活性显著升高，以催化次黄嘌呤转化为尿酸。PLB干预高尿酸血症小鼠14天后，与MC组相比，AP组小鼠肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性显著降低(P<0.05)，其黄嘌呤氧化酶活性为MC组的47.95％。PLB-L组、PLB-M组和PLB-H组小鼠肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶活性均显著降低(P<0.05)，分别为MC组的86.17％、80.48％和54.25％，其中，PLB-H抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的效果优于PLB-L组和PLB-M组(P<0.05)，略低于AP组(P<0.05)。Xanthine oxidase can catalyze the conversion of xanthine into uric acid and is an important target for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia. It mainly plays a role in the liver. Figure 4 shows the effect of PLB on xanthine oxidase activity in the liver. As shown in Figure 4, compared with the NC group, the liver xanthine oxidase activity of mice in the MC group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and its xanthine oxidase activity increased 2.56 times, which was attributed to a large amount of hypoxanthine It increases the level of purine compounds in the body and induces a significant increase in xanthine oxidase activity to catalyze the conversion of hypoxanthine into uric acid. After PLB intervened in hyperuricemic mice for 14 days, compared with the MC group, the liver xanthine oxidase activity of mice in the AP group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and its xanthine oxidase activity was 47.95% of that of the MC group. The liver xanthine oxidase activities of mice in the PLB-L group, PLB-M group and PLB-H group were all significantly reduced (P<0.05), which were 86.17%, 80.48% and 54.25% of the MC group respectively. Among them, PLB-H The effect of inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity was better than that of the PLB-L group and PLB-M group (P<0.05), and slightly lower than that of the AP group (P<0.05).
嘌呤食物摄入过多会诱导黄嘌呤氧化酶异常活跃，促进过多的尿酸生成，引发高尿酸血症。PLB可以通过抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性，降尿酸。Excessive intake of purine foods can induce abnormal activity of xanthine oxidase, promote the production of excessive uric acid, and cause hyperuricemia. PLB can lower uric acid by inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity.
2.3葛根饮料对肾脏病理改变的影响2.3 Effect of Pueraria lobata beverage on renal pathological changes
肾脏是尿酸排泄的主要器官，肾脏结构的完整性直接影响尿酸的排泄效率，图5是肾脏组织病理学切片。如图5(A)所示，NC组小鼠肾组织结构基本正常。视野内肾小球结构完整，囊腔未见扩张，肾小球内系膜细胞数量正常，毛细血管袢结构清晰；肾小管上皮细胞排列整齐，未见水肿，管腔呈不规则形；间质未见炎症细胞浸润。如图5(B)所示，MC组小鼠肾组织结构重度异常。视野内肾小球结构异常，皮质区域部分肾小球萎缩，毛细血管丢失，肾小球内系膜细胞数量减少，如红色箭头所示；肾小管大量上皮细胞可见轻度水肿，细胞肿胀，胞浆淡染，如蓝色箭头所示；部分肾小管可见明显颗粒管型，如绿色箭头所示；间质可见明显纤维化，纤维组织增生，如紫色箭头所示，并可见少量炎症细胞浸润，如黄色箭头所示。如图5(C)所示，AP组小鼠肾组织结构基本正常。视野内肾小球结构完整，囊腔未见扩张，肾小球内系膜细胞数量正常，毛细血管袢结构清晰；肾小管上皮细胞排列整齐，未见水肿，管腔呈不规则形；间质未见炎症细胞浸润。如图5(D)所示低剂量组小鼠肾组织结构重度异常。视野内肾小球结构完整，囊腔未见扩张，肾小球内系膜细胞数量正常，毛细血管袢结构清晰；部分肾小管上皮细胞可见轻度水肿，细胞肿胀，胞浆淡染，如蓝色箭头所示；部分肾小管可见明显颗粒管型，如绿色箭头所示；间质可见明显纤维化，纤维组织增生，如紫色箭头所示，并可见大量炎症细胞浸润，如黄色箭头所示。如图5(E)所示，中剂量组小鼠肾组织结构中度异常。视野内肾小球结构异常，部分肾小球可见明显分叶，如黑色箭头所示；部分肾小管可见明显扩张，上皮细胞萎缩，如绿色箭头所示；间质可见明显纤维化，纤维组织增生，如紫色箭头所示，并可见少量炎症细胞浸润，如黄色箭头所示。如图5(F)高剂量组小鼠肾组织结构轻度异常。视野内肾小球结构完整，囊腔未见扩张，肾小球内系膜细胞数量正常，毛细血管袢结构清晰；肾小管上皮细胞排列整齐，未见水肿，管腔呈不规则形；间质可见少量炎症细胞浸润，如黄色箭头所示。氧嗪酸钾联合次黄嘌呤诱导的高尿酸血症小鼠肾组织结构重度异常，使用别嘌呤醇和PLB干预可以显著修复肾小球和小管损伤、减少炎症细胞浸润、改善间质纤维化。The kidney is the main organ for uric acid excretion. The integrity of the kidney structure directly affects the excretion efficiency of uric acid. Figure 5 is a histopathological section of the kidney. As shown in Figure 5(A), the renal tissue structure of mice in the NC group was basically normal. The glomerular structure in the visual field is intact, the cyst cavity is not expanded, the number of mesangial cells in the glomerulus is normal, and the capillary loop structure is clear; the renal tubular epithelial cells are arranged neatly, no edema is seen, and the lumen is irregular; the interstitium No inflammatory cell infiltration was seen. As shown in Figure 5(B), the renal tissue structure of mice in the MC group was severely abnormal. The glomerular structure in the visual field is abnormal, some glomeruli in the cortical area are atrophied, capillaries are lost, and the number of mesangial cells in the glomerulus is reduced, as shown by the red arrow; a large number of epithelial cells in the renal tubules show mild edema, cell swelling, and cell swelling. The plasma is lightly stained, as shown by the blue arrow; obvious granular casts can be seen in some renal tubules, as shown by the green arrow; obvious fibrosis and fibrous tissue hyperplasia can be seen in the interstitium, as shown by the purple arrow, and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration can be seen. As indicated by the yellow arrow. As shown in Figure 5(C), the renal tissue structure of mice in the AP group was basically normal. The glomerular structure in the visual field is intact, the cyst cavity is not expanded, the number of mesangial cells in the glomerulus is normal, and the capillary loop structure is clear; the renal tubular epithelial cells are arranged neatly, no edema is seen, and the lumen is irregular; the interstitium No inflammatory cell infiltration was seen. As shown in Figure 5(D), the renal tissue structure of mice in the low-dose group was severely abnormal. The glomerular structure in the visual field is intact, the cystic cavity is not expanded, the number of mesangial cells in the glomerulus is normal, and the capillary loop structure is clear; some tubular epithelial cells show mild edema, cell swelling, and cytoplasm is lightly stained, such as blue. As shown by the colored arrows; obvious granular casts can be seen in some renal tubules, as shown by the green arrows; obvious fibrosis and fibrous tissue proliferation can be seen in the interstitium, as shown by the purple arrows, and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltrates can be seen, as shown by the yellow arrows. As shown in Figure 5(E), the renal tissue structure of mice in the medium-dose group was moderately abnormal. The glomerular structure within the field of view is abnormal, and some glomeruli can be clearly divided into lobes, as shown by the black arrows; some renal tubules can be significantly expanded, and the epithelial cells have shrunk, as shown by the green arrows; the interstitium can be significantly fibrosed, and fibrous tissue hyperplasia can be seen. , as shown by the purple arrow, and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration can be seen, as shown by the yellow arrow. As shown in Figure 5(F), the renal tissue structure of mice in the high-dose group was slightly abnormal. The glomerular structure in the visual field is intact, the cyst cavity is not expanded, the number of mesangial cells in the glomerulus is normal, and the capillary loop structure is clear; the renal tubular epithelial cells are arranged neatly, no edema is seen, and the lumen is irregular; the interstitium A small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration is visible, as indicated by the yellow arrow. The renal tissue structure of mice with hyperuricemia induced by hypoxanthine potassium combined with hypoxanthine is severely abnormal. Intervention with allopurinol and PLB can significantly repair glomerular and tubular damage, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, and improve interstitial fibrosis.
综上所述，葛根饮料可从两方面发挥降尿酸作用：(1)抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性，减少尿酸生成；(2)保护肾脏，促进尿酸排泄。To sum up, Pueraria lobata beverage can reduce uric acid in two ways: (1) inhibit xanthine oxidase activity and reduce uric acid production; (2) protect the kidneys and promote uric acid excretion.
以上所述仅为本发明的最佳实施例，并不限制本发明的内容和保护范围，根据本发明的技术方案和发明构思所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均属于本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only the best embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the content and protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention belong to the protection of the present invention. within the range.
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| CN202310653113.0ACN116762912A (en) | 2023-06-05 | 2023-06-05 | Radix puerariae beverage capable of reducing uric acid and preparation method thereof |
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| CN117099890A (en)* | 2023-09-28 | 2023-11-24 | 泰昊乐生物科技有限公司 | Colorless and odorless oligopeptide liquid beverage capable of promoting uric acid reduction, blood sugar reduction and blood lipid reduction and processing method thereof |
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| CN117099890A (en)* | 2023-09-28 | 2023-11-24 | 泰昊乐生物科技有限公司 | Colorless and odorless oligopeptide liquid beverage capable of promoting uric acid reduction, blood sugar reduction and blood lipid reduction and processing method thereof |
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