技术领域technical field
本申请属于物理层跨技术通信的异构设备通信技术和ARQ技术领域，具体涉及一种ZigBee到WiFi的数据传输反馈方法。The application belongs to the field of heterogeneous device communication technology and ARQ technology of physical layer cross-technology communication, and specifically relates to a ZigBee-to-WiFi data transmission feedback method.
背景技术Background technique
随着物联网技术不断发展，联网设备迅速增加，大量的异构无线设备往往在同一空间中共存。作为应用最广泛的互联网接入方式之一，WiFi技术现在已经广泛存在于住宅、办公楼、商场、交通枢纽等人口集中的区域，它可以将笔记本电脑、智能手机、智能手表、平板电脑等各种设备以无线的方式进行连接。ZigBee作为一种短距离的无线通信技术，用于低成本、低功耗的无线网络。它的优势是设备简单，电池寿命长，可以方便地嵌入到各种控制器、传感器等设备中。With the continuous development of IoT technology and the rapid increase of networked devices, a large number of heterogeneous wireless devices often coexist in the same space. As one of the most widely used Internet access methods, WiFi technology is now widely used in residential areas, office buildings, shopping malls, transportation hubs and other densely populated areas. It can connect laptops, smart phones, smart watches, tablet computers and other The devices are connected wirelessly. As a short-distance wireless communication technology, ZigBee is used in low-cost, low-power wireless networks. Its advantages are simple equipment, long battery life, and can be easily embedded in various controllers, sensors and other devices.
由于这两种设备已经广泛的部署在我们生活中，尤其是在智能家居、智能医疗、智慧农业等场景中。因此我们需要考虑WiFi设备和ZigBee设备之间的通信问题，不但有助于解决WiFi和ZigBee的相互干扰和共存问题，还可以为二者直接通信的应用提供技术支撑。为了解决这个问题，研究者提出了跨技术通信，可以使得WiFi和ZigBee之间进行无需网关的直接通信。早期的跨技术通信是数据包级的跨技术通信，异构设备间主要通过能量检测来识别帧模式，以此来传递信息，但是该方法每次仅能传递一个或几个比特信息，传输效率低。近期，研究者提出了物理层跨技术通信，一种无线技术通过信号模拟的方法来模拟另外一种无线技术的数据包。例如，通过仔细选择WiFi数据包的有效载荷中的数据流，可以通过正交频分复用(OFDM)模拟出ZigBee的合法数据包，其传输速度可以接近无线标准中规定的速率上限。Since these two devices have been widely deployed in our lives, especially in scenarios such as smart home, smart medical care, and smart agriculture. Therefore, we need to consider the communication between WiFi devices and ZigBee devices, which not only helps to solve the mutual interference and coexistence problems of WiFi and ZigBee, but also provides technical support for the application of direct communication between the two. In order to solve this problem, the researchers proposed cross-technology communication, which can enable direct communication between WiFi and ZigBee without a gateway. The early cross-technology communication was packet-level cross-technology communication. Heterogeneous devices mainly used energy detection to identify frame patterns to transmit information, but this method can only transmit one or a few bits of information each time, and the transmission efficiency Low. Recently, researchers have proposed physical layer cross-technology communication, in which one wireless technology simulates data packets of another wireless technology through signal simulation. For example, by carefully selecting the data streams in the payload of a WiFi packet, a legitimate ZigBee packet can be simulated by Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and its transmission speed can approach the rate limit specified in the wireless standard.
但是，物理层跨技术通信的数据传输不能保证可靠性，原因主要来自两个方面：(1)几乎所有现有的物理层跨技术通信都通过信号模拟来实现，但是由于硬件和标准的限制，模拟出的信号无法完全匹配所需信号，从而导致模拟错误。研究表明，在户外环境中，信号模拟错误可导致物理层跨技术通信的丢包率达到50％。(2)由于没有反馈，发送者无法确保数据包是否被接收者正确完整的接收。However, the data transmission of physical layer cross-technology communication cannot guarantee reliability, mainly from two aspects: (1) almost all existing physical layer cross-technology communication is realized by signal simulation, but due to the limitations of hardware and standards, The simulated signal does not exactly match the desired signal, resulting in simulation errors. Studies have shown that in outdoor environments, signal simulation errors can lead to a packet loss rate of up to 50% in cross-technology communications at the physical layer. (2) Since there is no feedback, the sender cannot ensure whether the data packet is received correctly and completely by the receiver.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请旨在解决现有技术的不足，提出一种ZigBee到WiFi的数据传输反馈方法，包括：This application aims to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, and proposes a data transmission feedback method from ZigBee to WiFi, including:
S1、WiFi发送者以跨技术通信方式向ZigBee接收者发送一组跨技术通信数据包；S1. The WiFi sender sends a set of cross-technology communication data packets to the ZigBee receiver in a cross-technology communication mode;
S2、所述ZigBee接收者接收所述跨技术通信数据包，统计所接收到的数据包的丢包情况，记录丢失的具体数据包和/或丢包总数信息；S2. The ZigBee receiver receives the cross-technology communication data packet, counts the packet loss of the received data packet, and records the specific data packet lost and/or the total number of packet loss information;
S3、根据所述记录丢失的具体数据包和/或丢包总数信息生成反馈数据包；S3. Generate a feedback data packet according to the specific data packets lost in the record and/or the total number of lost packets;
S4、所述WiFi发送者接收到来自所述ZigBee接收者的反馈数据包，根据所述反馈数据包中的请求，利用选择性重复ARQ方式重新发送丢失的数据包；S4, the WiFi sender receives the feedback data packet from the ZigBee receiver, according to the request in the feedback data packet, resends the lost data packet by means of selective repeat ARQ;
S5、如果ZigBee接收者成功接收所述丢失的数据包，且为最后一组数据，则WiFi发送者停止发送所述丢失的数据包；如果ZigBee接收者成功接收所述丢失的数据包，且并非为最后一组，则WiFi发送者发送下一组所述丢失的数据包；S5. If the ZigBee receiver successfully receives the lost data packet, and it is the last set of data, the WiFi sender stops sending the lost data packet; if the ZigBee receiver successfully receives the lost data packet, and it is not is the last group, then the WiFi sender sends the next group of the lost data packets;
S6、重复S1-S5，直至所有数据都被ZigBee接收者成功接收。S6. Repeat S1-S5 until all the data is successfully received by the ZigBee receiver.
可选的，所述跨技术通信方式采用两种编码技术：Optionally, the cross-technology communication method adopts two encoding technologies:
码片级编码：采用IEEE 802.15.4标准中的2Mbps速率模式，对ZigBee数据包有效载荷进行码片级别编码，生成WiFi前导码检测能够识别的连续单音正弦波；Chip-level encoding: use the 2Mbps rate mode in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard to encode the ZigBee data packet payload at the chip level, and generate a continuous single-tone sine wave that can be recognized by WiFi preamble detection;
符号级编码：采用IEEE 802.15.4标准中的250kbps速率模式，对ZigBee数据包有效载荷进行符号级别编码，生成WiFi前导码检测能够识别的单音正弦波片段。Symbol-level encoding: Using the 250kbps rate mode in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, the ZigBee data packet payload is encoded at the symbol level to generate a single-tone sine wave segment that can be recognized by WiFi preamble detection.
可选的，所述S1中，跨技术通信数据包的发送过程包括：Optionally, in said S1, the sending process of the cross-technology communication data packet includes:
基于所述码片级编码与所述符号级编码技术和直接序列扩频技术将数据包中的符号扩展为一组码片序列；spreading the symbols in the data packet into a set of chip sequences based on the chip-level coding, the symbol-level coding technique and the direct sequence spreading technique;
利用偏移四相相移键控对所述码片序列进行调制；modulating the sequence of chips using offset quadrature phase shift keying;
根据调制后的码片序列使用有效载荷组合来产生正弦波，根据正弦波实现跨技术通信数据包的发送。According to the modulated chip sequence, the payload combination is used to generate a sine wave, and the transmission of the cross-technology communication data packet is realized according to the sine wave.
可选的，所述利用偏移四相相移键控对所述码片序列进行调制的过程包括：Optionally, the process of modulating the chip sequence by using offset quadrature phase shift keying includes:
ZigBee采用直接序列扩频，将数据包中的一个符号扩展为一组码片序列；ZigBee uses direct sequence spread spectrum to expand a symbol in a data packet into a set of chip sequences;
利用偏移正交相移键控来调制码片序列；using offset quadrature phase shift keying to modulate the chip sequence;
使用ZigBee数据包的有效载荷对调制后的码片序列进行编码，生成连续的正弦波信号；Use the payload of the ZigBee data packet to encode the modulated chip sequence to generate a continuous sine wave signal;
根据所述连续的正弦波信息识别到连续的稳定正负相位差。A continuous stable positive and negative phase difference is identified based on the continuous sine wave information.
可选的，所述识别到连续的稳定正负相位差过程包括：Optionally, the process of identifying a continuous stable positive and negative phase difference includes:
输入特定的码片序列，生成连续单音正弦波；Input a specific chip sequence to generate a continuous monotone sine wave;
WiFi前导码检测对所述连续单音正弦波进行自相关计算得到稳定连续的正负相位；WiFi preamble detection performs autocorrelation calculation on the continuous single-tone sine wave to obtain stable and continuous positive and negative phases;
根据所述正负相位得到所述识别到连续的稳定正负相位差。The identified continuous stable positive and negative phase differences are obtained according to the positive and negative phases.
可选的，所述使用ZigBee数据包的有效载荷对调制后的码片序列进行编码的过程包括：Optionally, the process of encoding the modulated chip sequence using the payload of the ZigBee data packet includes:
利用OQPSK调制码片序列；Using OQPSK to modulate the chip sequence;
同相码片通过半正弦脉冲进行整形成为单音正弦波；The in-phase chip is shaped into a monotone sine wave by a half-sine pulse;
正交码片通过所述半正弦脉冲进行整形成为相同音调的余弦波；Orthogonal chips are shaped into cosine waves of the same pitch by the half-sine pulse;
根据所述正弦波和所述余弦波得到复合信号，实现对码片序列的编码。A composite signal is obtained according to the sine wave and the cosine wave, and the encoding of the chip sequence is realized.
可选的，所述复合信号具体包括：Optionally, the composite signal specifically includes:
ej2πft＝cos(2πft)+jsin(2πft)，ej2πft =cos(2πft)+jsin(2πft),
其中，j为虚数单位，f为频率。Among them, j is the imaginary unit, and f is the frequency.
可选的，所述正弦波包括正半弦波和负半弦波。Optionally, the sine wave includes a positive half sine wave and a negative half sine wave.
与现有技术相比，本申请的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:
(1)传输可靠：本申请保证了WiFi发送者能够确认向ZigBee接收者传输的数据都被ZigBee接收者成功接收。(1) Reliable transmission: This application ensures that the WiFi sender can confirm that the data transmitted to the ZigBee receiver is successfully received by the ZigBee receiver.
(2)反馈高效：本申请所提出的ZigBee数据包编码技术中，ZigBee数据包使用一个字节编码一位信息，比一个数据包携带一位信息的数据包级跨技术通信更加高效；此外，本申请的选择性重复ARQ方案，针对一组数据包反馈一次，相比针对一个数据包反馈一次的停等式ARQ方案更加高效。(2) Feedback is efficient: in the ZigBee packet encoding technology proposed by this application, the ZigBee packet uses one byte to encode one bit of information, which is more efficient than a packet-level cross-technology communication in which a packet carries one bit of information; in addition, The selective repetition ARQ scheme of the present application feeds back once for a group of data packets, which is more efficient than the stop-and-equal ARQ scheme that feeds back once for one data packet.
(3)操作简便易于实现：本申请不需额外增加网关，也不需要修改ZigBee节点的硬件，只需要通过有效载荷编码即可实现。(3) Easy to operate and easy to implement: This application does not need to add additional gateways, nor does it need to modify the hardware of ZigBee nodes, and it can be realized only through payload encoding.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，下面对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present application more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. Technical personnel can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without paying creative labor.
图1为本申请实施例一种的ZigBee到WiFi的数据传输反馈方法的整体架构图；Fig. 1 is the overall architecture diagram of a kind of ZigBee to the data transmission feedback method of WiFi in the embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例一种ZigBee到WiFi的数据传输反馈方法中能够被WiFi识别的ZigBee数据编码技术示意图；Fig. 2 is a ZigBee data coding technical schematic diagram that can be recognized by WiFi in a kind of ZigBee to WiFi data transmission feedback method of the embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请实施例一种ZigBee到WiFi的数据传输反馈方法的OQPSK码片调制示意图；Fig. 3 is the OQPSK chip modulation schematic diagram of a kind of ZigBee to the data transmission feedback method of WiFi in the embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请实施例一种ZigBee到WiFi的数据传输反馈方法中ZigBee数据包码片级编码技术示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of ZigBee data packet chip-level encoding technology in a kind of ZigBee to WiFi data transmission feedback method of the embodiment of the present application;
图5为本申请实施例一种ZigBee到WiFi的数据传输反馈方法的ZigBee数据包符号级编码技术示意图；Fig. 5 is a ZigBee packet symbol-level coding technical schematic diagram of a ZigBee to WiFi data transmission feedback method according to the embodiment of the present application;
图6为本申请实施例一种的ZigBee到WiFi的数据传输反馈方法的ZigBee码片级编码技术被WiFi观察到的相位差；Fig. 6 is the phase difference observed by WiFi of the ZigBee chip-level coding technique of the data transmission feedback method from ZigBee to WiFi according to the embodiment of the present application;
图7为本申请实施例一种ZigBee到WiFi的数据传输反馈方法的ZigBee符号级编码技术被WiFi观察到的相位差。FIG. 7 is a phase difference observed by WiFi of the ZigBee symbol-level encoding technology of a ZigBee-to-WiFi data transmission feedback method according to an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of this application.
为使本申请的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请作进一步详细的说明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and comprehensible, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.
在本实施例中，如图1所示，一种的ZigBee到WiFi的数据传输反馈方法，具体包括：In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, a kind of ZigBee to the data transmission feedback method of WiFi, specifically comprises:
S1、WiFi发送者以跨技术通信方式向ZigBee接收者发送一组跨技术通信数据包；跨技术通信方式为：采用IEEE 802.15.4标准中的2Mbps速率模式，对ZigBee数据包有效载荷进行码片级编码，将0和1分别编码为有效载荷中的符号；将有效载荷中的符号经由偏移四相相移键控调制后生成连续的正弦波信号；正弦波信号能够被WiFi前导码检测识别到连续的稳定正负相位差，基于稳定正负相位差实现跨技术通信。S1. The WiFi sender sends a set of cross-technology communication data packets to the ZigBee receiver in a cross-technology communication mode; the cross-technology communication mode is: use the 2Mbps rate mode in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard to chip the ZigBee data packet payload Level encoding, encoding 0 and 1 into symbols in the payload; the symbols in the payload are modulated by offset quadrature phase-shift keying to generate continuous sine wave signals; sine wave signals can be detected and identified by WiFi preamble To the continuous stable positive and negative phase difference, based on the stable positive and negative phase difference to achieve cross-technology communication.
识别连续的稳定正负相位差过程包括：输入特定的码片序列，生成连续单音正弦波；输入特定的符号序列，生成单音正弦波片段；WiFi前导码检测对连续单音正弦波或单音正弦波片段进行自相关计算得到稳定连续的正负相位；根据正负相位得到识别到连续的稳定正负相位差。The process of identifying continuous stable positive and negative phase differences includes: inputting a specific chip sequence to generate a continuous monotone sine wave; inputting a specific symbol sequence to generate a monotone sine wave segment; WiFi preamble detection for continuous monotone sine waves or monotone sine waves Carry out autocorrelation calculation on the sine wave segment of the tone to obtain stable and continuous positive and negative phases; according to the positive and negative phases, a continuous stable positive and negative phase difference can be identified.
经由偏移四相相移键控调制后生成连续的单音正弦波信号的过程包括：在ZigBee数据包有效载荷中设置特定符号组合(“0x99”和/或“0xCC”)而成的序列；在2Mbps速率模式下，ZigBee采用直接序列扩频技术将一个符号(4个比特)扩展为特定的4个码片长的伪随机噪声序列，一个比特对应一个码片；利用偏移正交相移键控来调制码片序列；特定的符号组合对应的码片序列，调制后可以生成连续的单音正弦波信号。直接序列扩频的扩频因子为1。The process of generating a continuous single-tone sine wave signal after offset quadrature phase shift keying modulation includes: setting a sequence of specific symbol combinations ("0x99" and/or "0xCC") in the ZigBee data packet payload; In 2Mbps rate mode, ZigBee uses direct sequence spread spectrum technology to spread a symbol (4 bits) into a specific 4-chip long pseudo-random noise sequence, one bit corresponds to one chip; using offset quadrature phase shift Keying is used to modulate the chip sequence; specific symbol combinations correspond to the chip sequence, and after modulation, a continuous monotone sine wave signal can be generated. The spreading factor of direct sequence spread spectrum is 1.
经由偏移四相相移键控调制后生成不连续单音正弦波片段信号的过程包括：在ZigBee数据包有效载荷中设置特定符号组合(“0x67”和/或“0xEF”)而成的序列；在250kbps速率模式下，ZigBee采用直接序列扩频技术将一个符号(4个比特)扩展为特定的32码片长的伪随机噪声序列(该伪随机噪声序列根据IEEE 802.15.4标准预定义，无法随意指定)；利用偏移正交相移键控来调制码片序列；特定的符号组合对应的码片序列，调制后可以生成不连续单音正弦波片段信号(对于“0x67”或“0xEF”符号组合，生成的单音正弦波持续时间约为整个符号持续时间的1/8)。直接序列扩频的扩频因子为8。The process of generating a discontinuous single-tone sine wave segment signal after offset quadrature phase shift keying modulation includes: setting a sequence of specific symbol combinations ("0x67" and/or "0xEF") in the ZigBee data packet payload ; In the 250kbps rate mode, ZigBee uses direct sequence spread spectrum technology to expand a symbol (4 bits) into a specific 32-chip long pseudo-random noise sequence (the pseudo-random noise sequence is predefined according to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, It cannot be specified arbitrarily); the chip sequence is modulated by using offset quadrature phase shift keying; the chip sequence corresponding to a specific symbol combination can generate a discontinuous monotone sine wave segment signal after modulation (for "0x67" or "0xEF ” symbol combination, the duration of the generated monotone sine wave is about 1/8 of the entire symbol duration). The spreading factor of direct sequence spread spectrum is 8.
使用ZigBee数据包的有效载荷对调制后的码片序列进行编码的过程包括：利用OQPSK调制码片序列；同相码片通过半正弦脉冲进行整形成为单音正弦波；正交码片通过半正弦脉冲进行整形成为相同音调的余弦波；根据正弦波和余弦波得到复合信号，实现对码片序列的编码。正弦波包括正半弦波和负半弦波。The process of encoding the modulated chip sequence using the payload of the ZigBee data packet includes: using OQPSK to modulate the chip sequence; the in-phase chip is shaped into a monotone sine wave by a half-sine pulse; the orthogonal chip is shaped by a half-sine pulse Carry out shaping into a cosine wave of the same tone; obtain a composite signal according to the sine wave and cosine wave, and realize the encoding of the chip sequence. Sine waves include positive half sine waves and negative half sine waves.
复合信号具体包括：Composite signals specifically include:
ej2πft＝cos(2πft)+jsin(2πft)，ej2πft =cos(2πft)+jsin(2πft),
其中，j为虚数单位，f为频率。Among them, j is the imaginary unit, and f is the frequency.
反馈技术的实现流程主要包括以下步骤：首先，在ZigBee接收者向WiFi发送者进行反馈之前是数据发送过程，WiFi发送者以跨技术通信方式向ZigBee接收者发送一组跨技术通信数据包；然后，ZigBee接收者接收所发送的这一组数据包，统计所接收到的数据包的丢包情况，记录丢失的具体数据包和/或丢包总数等信息；之后，ZigBee接收者根据所接收到的数据包丢包情况，用本申请所提出的能够被WiFi识别的ZigBee数据编码技术生成反馈数据包，通过选择性重复ARQ方式向WiFi发送者请求重传；再之后，WiFi发送者接收到来自ZigBee接收者的反馈数据包，反馈数据包为NACK消息包含来自ZigBee的请求数据包的数量。根据反馈数据包中的请求，以选择性重复ARQ方式重新发送本组中丢失的数据包，如果ZigBee接收者成功接收该组数据，且该组数据为最后一组数据，则WiFi发送者停止发送；如果ZigBee接收者成功接收该组数据，且该组数据并非最后一组数据，则WiFi发送者下一组数据，而如果ZigBee接收者未成功接收该组数据，则WiFi发送者向ZigBee接收者重传丢失的数据包；重复以上步骤，直至ZigBee接收者接收到全部数据。The implementation process of the feedback technology mainly includes the following steps: first, before the ZigBee receiver gives feedback to the WiFi sender, it is a data transmission process, and the WiFi sender sends a group of cross-technology communication data packets to the ZigBee receiver in a cross-technology communication mode; then , the ZigBee receiver receives the group of data packets sent, counts the packet loss of the received data packets, and records information such as the specific data packets lost and/or the total number of packet loss; after that, the ZigBee receiver The packet loss situation of the data packet, use the ZigBee data encoding technology that this application proposes and can be recognized by WiFi to generate the feedback data packet, and request retransmission to the WiFi sender through the selective repeat ARQ mode; Afterwards, the WiFi sender receives the The feedback packet of the ZigBee receiver, the feedback packet is a NACK message containing the number of request packets from ZigBee. According to the request in the feedback data packet, the lost data packets in this group are resent in the form of selective repeat ARQ. If the ZigBee receiver successfully receives the group of data, and the group of data is the last group of data, the WiFi sender stops sending ; If the ZigBee receiver successfully receives the set of data, and the set of data is not the last set of data, then the next set of data of the WiFi sender, and if the ZigBee receiver fails to receive the set of data, the WiFi sender sends the ZigBee receiver Retransmit the lost data packets; repeat the above steps until the ZigBee receiver receives all the data.
从反馈技术来看，本申请使用了2种反馈技术：码片级编码和符号级编码。将在后面给出实施例说明。从ARQ方案来看，反馈采用选择性重复ARQ，可以高效的实现丢失数据重传。本实施例中，直接序列扩频的扩频因子为8对应的是不连续的单音正弦波片段，符号级编码。连续的单音正弦波的直接序列扩频的扩频因子为1，码片级编码。两类编码都是生成有效载荷中的符号，通过特定的符号组合来生成WiFi能够识别的信号。From the perspective of feedback technology, this application uses two feedback technologies: chip-level coding and symbol-level coding. An example description will be given later. From the point of view of the ARQ scheme, selective repeat ARQ is used for feedback, which can efficiently realize retransmission of lost data. In this embodiment, the spreading factor of direct sequence spread spectrum is 8, which corresponds to discontinuous single-tone sine wave segments, coded at the symbol level. The direct-sequence spread spectrum of continuous monotone sine waves has a spreading factor of 1 and is coded at the chip level. Both types of encoding generate symbols in the payload, and a signal that WiFi can recognize is generated through a specific combination of symbols.
其中，码片级编码：采用IEEE 802.15.4标准中的2Mbps速率模式，对ZigBee数据包有效载荷进行码片级别编码，生成WiFi前导码检测能够识别的连续单音正弦波。Among them, chip-level encoding: using the 2Mbps rate mode in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, the ZigBee data packet payload is encoded at the chip level to generate a continuous single-tone sine wave that can be recognized by WiFi preamble detection.
符号级编码：采用IEEE 802.15.4标准中的50kbps速率模式，对ZigBee数据包有效载荷进行符号级别编码，生成WiFi前导码检测能够识别的单音正弦波片段。Symbol-level encoding: Using the 50kbps rate mode in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, the ZigBee data packet payload is encoded at the symbol level to generate a single-tone sine wave segment that can be recognized by WiFi preamble detection.
能够被WiFi识别的ZigBee数据编码技术示意图如图2所示：ZigBee在通过偏移正交相移键控(OQPSK)调制码片时，如果按照特定的方式对有效载荷进行编码，可以产生单音正弦波信号，进而被WiFi空闲侦听的前导码检测中的自相关计算得到稳定的相位差。基于这一特性，本申请使用特定的ZigBee数据包有效载荷来产生WiFi能够观察到的稳定正相位差和负相位差，分别表示比特1和0(或者0和1)，通过不同的正负相位组合来向WiFi设备传递所需要的比特信息。这种编码在IEEE 802.15.4标准的不同速率中，其产生的稳定相位情况也有所不同，The schematic diagram of ZigBee data encoding technology that can be recognized by WiFi is shown in Figure 2: when ZigBee modulates chips through offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK), if the payload is encoded in a specific way, a single tone can be generated. The sine wave signal is further calculated by the autocorrelation in the preamble detection of WiFi idle listening to obtain a stable phase difference. Based on this feature, this application uses a specific ZigBee data packet payload to generate stable positive and negative phase differences that WiFi can observe, representing bits 1 and 0 (or 0 and 1) respectively, through different positive and negative phases Combined to pass the required bit information to the WiFi device. This encoding produces different stable phases at different rates of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
偏移四相相移键控(OQPSK)码片调制示意图如图3所示：根据IEEE 802.15.4标准，为了提高信号传输可靠性，ZigBee采用了直接序列扩频(DSSS)技术，将数据包中的一个符号扩展为一组码片序列，然后利用偏移正交相移键控(OQPSK)来调制其码片。具体而言，OQPSK将码片C0,C2,C4...调制到同相分量(I分量)，而将码片C1,C3,C5...调制到正交分量(Q分量)。在同相和正交之间存在半码片的时间差，即0.5μs。The schematic diagram of offset quadrature phase-shift keying (OQPSK) chip modulation is shown in Figure 3: According to the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, in order to improve the reliability of signal transmission, ZigBee adopts the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology, and the data packet A symbol in is expanded into a set of chip sequences, and then the chips are modulated using offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK). Specifically, OQPSK modulates chips C0, C2, C4... into an in-phase component (I component), and modulates chips C1, C3, C5... into a quadrature component (Q component). There is a half-chip time difference between in-phase and quadrature, ie 0.5 μs.
根据这种调制方式和IEEE 802.15.4标准的设计，可以通过对ZigBee数据包的有效载荷进行编码，使用特定的有效载荷组合来产生正弦波，进而被WiFi观察到稳定的相位。而根据不同的IEEE 802.15.4标准速率模式和DSSS扩频因子，具体分为下面2种情况。According to this modulation method and the design of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, the payload of the ZigBee data packet can be encoded, and a specific payload combination can be used to generate a sine wave, and then a stable phase can be observed by WiFi. According to different IEEE 802.15.4 standard rate modes and DSSS spreading factors, it is specifically divided into the following two situations.
能够被WiFi识别的ZigBee数据包码片级编码技术示意图如图4所示：根据IEEE802.15.4标准，ZigBee采用半正弦脉冲整形将码片整形成基带采样，码片“1”的形状为正半正弦，码片“0”的形状为负半正弦。对于码片级编码，采用IEEE 802.15.4标准中的2Mbps速率模式，同相(I分量)和正交(Q分量)的码片速率分别为1M个码片/秒，每个码片的持续时间为1μs，每个符号的持续时间为2μs。因此，直接序列扩频(DSSS)的扩频因子为1，可以通过ZigBee数据包有效载荷编码来得到想要的连续正弦信号。本申请通过将ZigBee数据包有效载荷中的符号设为“0xCC”或“0x99”，经由偏移四相相移键控(OQPSK)的调制后可以生成连续的单音正弦波信号，该正弦波能够被WiFi前导码检测识别到连续的稳定正或负的相位差。具体而言，如图4(a)，当用OQPSK调制“11001100...”码片序列时，其“1010...”的同相码片通过半正弦脉冲进行整形成为单音正弦波，同时，其“1010...”的正交码片通过半正弦脉冲进行整形成为相同音调的余弦波，其复合信号可以数学表示为ej2πft＝cos(2πft)+jsin(2πft)。类似的，如图4(b)，当用OQPSK调制“10011001...”码片序列时，分别将“1010...”和“0101...”码片通过半正弦脉冲进行整形调制到同相和正交分量上，其复合信号可以表示为e-j2πft＝cos(2πft)-jsin(2πft)。The schematic diagram of chip-level encoding technology for ZigBee packets that can be recognized by WiFi is shown in Figure 4: According to the IEEE802.15.4 standard, ZigBee uses half-sine pulse shaping to shape the chips into baseband samples, and the shape of the chip "1" is positive half Sine, the shape of the chip "0" is a negative half-sine. For chip-level encoding, the 2Mbps rate mode in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard is adopted, and the chip rates of the in-phase (I component) and quadrature (Q component) are 1M chips/s respectively, and the duration of each chip is 1 μs, and the duration of each symbol is 2 μs. Therefore, the spreading factor of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) is 1, and the desired continuous sinusoidal signal can be obtained through ZigBee data packet payload encoding. This application sets the symbol in the ZigBee data packet payload as "0xCC" or "0x99", and can generate a continuous monotone sine wave signal after modulation by offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK), the sine wave A continuous stable positive or negative phase difference can be identified by WiFi preamble detection. Specifically, as shown in Figure 4(a), when OQPSK is used to modulate the "11001100..." chip sequence, its "1010..." in-phase chip is shaped into a monotone sine wave by a half-sine pulse, and at the same time , the orthogonal chips of "1010..." are shaped into cosine waves of the same pitch by half-sine pulses, and the composite signal can be mathematically expressed as ej2πft =cos(2πft)+jsin(2πft). Similarly, as shown in Figure 4(b), when OQPSK is used to modulate the "10011001..." chip sequence, the "1010..." and "0101..." chips are respectively shaped and modulated by half-sine pulses to On the in-phase and quadrature components, the composite signal can be expressed as e-j2πft =cos(2πft)-jsin(2πft).
能够被WiFi识别的ZigBee数据包符号级编码技术示意图如图5所示：根据IEEE802.15.4标准，ZigBee采用半正弦脉冲整形将码片整形成基带采样，码片“1”的形状为正半正弦，码片“0”的形状为负半正弦。对于符号级编码，采用IEEE 802.15.4标准中的250kbps速率模式，每个码片的持续时间也为1μs，但是每个符号的持续时间为16μs。因此，直接序列扩频(DSSS)的扩频因子为8，由于码片映射表是标准规定的，无法通过ZigBee数据包有效载荷编码来任意得到想要的连续正弦信号，但是某些组合可以得到正弦波的片段。本申请通过将ZigBee数据包有效载荷中的符号设为“0xEF”或“0x67”，经由偏移四相相移键控(OQPSK)的调制后的信号，在两个符号连接处可以生成单音正弦波的片段，该正弦波片段能够被WiFi前导码检测识别到一段稳定相位差，持续时间约为整个符号持续时间的1/8。The schematic diagram of the ZigBee data packet symbol-level encoding technology that can be recognized by WiFi is shown in Figure 5: According to the IEEE802.15.4 standard, ZigBee uses half-sine pulse shaping to shape the chips into baseband samples, and the shape of the chip "1" is a positive half-sine , the shape of the chip "0" is a negative half-sine. For symbol-level encoding, the 250kbps rate mode in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard is adopted, and the duration of each chip is also 1 μs, but the duration of each symbol is 16 μs. Therefore, the spreading factor of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) is 8. Since the chip mapping table is stipulated by the standard, the desired continuous sinusoidal signal cannot be arbitrarily obtained by encoding the ZigBee data packet payload, but some combinations can be obtained A segment of a sine wave. This application sets the symbol in the payload of the ZigBee data packet as "0xEF" or "0x67", and through the modulated signal of offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK), a single tone can be generated at the connection of two symbols A segment of a sine wave, which can be detected by the WiFi preamble to identify a stable phase difference, and the duration is about 1/8 of the duration of the entire symbol.
具体的，码片级编码得到的连续单音正弦波信号具有更强的模式特征，更容易在噪声中被检测到，但某些低端ZigBee芯片可能不支持2Mbps这样高的比特率(IEEE802.15.4g标准允许250kb/s、500kb/s、1000kb/s和2000kb/s这些速率，但是有些低端芯片不支持高速)，从而无法在硬件层面实现该技术；而符号级编码大部分ZigBee芯片都能实现该技术，但符号中只有1/8部分是单音正弦波，可以通过WiFi前导码检测模块中的自相关函数观察到，而其他7/8部分则无法观察到，这种不连续的单音正弦波片段相比前一种方法更易受干扰。Specifically, the continuous monotone sine wave signal obtained by chip-level encoding has stronger pattern characteristics and is easier to be detected in noise, but some low-end ZigBee chips may not support such a high bit rate as 2Mbps (IEEE802. The 15.4g standard allows rates of 250kb/s, 500kb/s, 1000kb/s and 2000kb/s, but some low-end chips do not support high speeds), making it impossible to implement this technology at the hardware level; and most ZigBee chips with symbol-level encoding This technology can be implemented, but only 1/8 of the symbol is a monotone sine wave, which can be observed through the autocorrelation function in the WiFi preamble detection module, while the other 7/8 cannot be observed. This discontinuous Monotone sine wave segments are more susceptible to interference than the previous method.
本申请提出的ZigBee码片级编码技术被WiFi观察到的相位差如图6所示：通过高速率(HDR)模式下输入特定的码片序列，可以生成连续单音正弦波，而这种连续单音正弦波可以被WiFi前导码检测中的自相关计算得到稳定连续的正负相位。为了得到图6中的正负相位，ZigBee端分别发送了8个连续的“0xCC”和“0x99”符号。The phase difference observed by WiFi of the ZigBee chip-level coding technology proposed in this application is shown in Figure 6: by inputting a specific chip sequence in high-rate (HDR) mode, a continuous monotone sine wave can be generated, and this continuous The single-tone sine wave can be calculated by autocorrelation in WiFi preamble detection to obtain stable and continuous positive and negative phases. In order to obtain the positive and negative phases in Figure 6, the ZigBee side sends 8 consecutive "0xCC" and "0x99" symbols respectively.
本申请使用的ZigBee符号级编码技术被WiFi观察到的相位差如图7所示：通过特定的ZigBee符号组合，生成的单音正弦波片段能够被WiFi空闲侦听的前导码检测环节观察到稳定相位。如图7，这种信号在符号“0xEF”和“0x67”结合处的码片组合可以形成正弦波，有1/8的时间可以被WiFi观察到稳定相位差。为了得到图7中的正负相位片段，ZigBee端分别发送了1个“0xEF”和“0x67”符号。The phase difference observed by WiFi of the ZigBee symbol-level coding technology used in this application is shown in Figure 7: through a specific combination of ZigBee symbols, the generated monotone sine wave segment can be observed to be stable by the preamble detection link of WiFi idle listening phase. As shown in Figure 7, the chip combination of this signal at the combination of symbols "0xEF" and "0x67" can form a sine wave, and a stable phase difference can be observed by WiFi in 1/8 of the time. In order to obtain the positive and negative phase segments in Figure 7, the ZigBee side sends a "0xEF" and "0x67" symbol respectively.
码片级编码与符号级编码都能够得到单音正弦波。这两种ZigBee的编码方式都能够得到单音正弦波，从而被WiFi前导码检测模块中的自相关函数观察到其稳定相位，进而通过不同的稳定相位来传递0或1信息给WiFi端。但是码片级编码能够得到一个连续的单音正弦波，而符号级编码只能得到不连续的单音正弦波片段(只有1/8是单音正弦波)，前者用来传递0或1信息更可靠。Both chip-level coding and symbol-level coding can obtain monotone sine waves. These two ZigBee encoding methods can obtain a single-tone sine wave, so that its stable phase is observed by the autocorrelation function in the WiFi preamble detection module, and then 0 or 1 information is transmitted to the WiFi terminal through different stable phases. But chip-level encoding can get a continuous monotone sine wave, while symbol-level encoding can only get discontinuous monotone sine wave segments (only 1/8 is a monotone sine wave), the former is used to convey 0 or 1 information more reliable.
S2、ZigBee接收者接收所发送的一组跨技术通信数据包，统计所接收到的数据包的丢包情况，记录丢失的具体数据包和/或丢包总数信息；S2. The ZigBee receiver receives a group of cross-technology communication data packets sent, counts the packet loss of the received data packets, and records the specific data packets lost and/or the total number of packet loss information;
S3、根据记录丢失的具体数据包和/或丢包总数信息生成反馈数据包，通过选择性重复ARQ方式向WiFi发送者请求重传；S3. Generate a feedback data packet according to the specific data packet lost and/or the total number of lost packets recorded, and request retransmission to the WiFi sender by selectively repeating ARQ;
S4、WiFi发送者接收到来自ZigBee接收者的反馈数据包，根据反馈数据包中的请求，利用选择性重复ARQ方式重新发送丢失的数据包；S4. The WiFi sender receives the feedback data packet from the ZigBee receiver, and resends the lost data packet by means of selective repeat ARQ according to the request in the feedback data packet;
S5、如果ZigBee接收者成功接收丢失的数据包，且为最后一组数据，则WiFi发送者停止发送；如果ZigBee接收者成功接收丢失的数据，且并非为最后一组，则WiFi发送者发送下一组数据；S5, if the ZigBee receiver successfully receives the missing data packet, and it is the last group of data, then the WiFi sender stops sending; if the ZigBee receiver successfully receives the missing data, and it is not the last group, then the WiFi sender sends the next a set of data;
S6、重复S1-S5，直至所有数据都被ZigBee接收者成功接收。S6. Repeat S1-S5 until all the data is successfully received by the ZigBee receiver.
本申请设计了一种按需重传方案，该方案类似于选择性重传ARQ。该方案中使用喷泉码对原始数据进行编码，如果ZigBee接收到足够的数据包，大多数ZigBee接收者可以成功地解码原始数据。完成解码的ZigBee接收者将进入睡眠状态并保持静默以节省能量，直到下一次唤醒时间。下一个唤醒时间的时间戳嵌入到传输的ARQ数据包中。然而，少数ZigBee接收者可能仍然无法接收到足够的数据包进行解码。这些接收者将向WiFi发送者发送NACK。NACK消息包含来自ZigBee的请求数据包的数量。一旦接收到这些NACK，WiFi将根据请求的最大数据包数量重新发送编码数据包，以确保每个ZigBee接收者接收到足够的编码数据包。如果仍有ZigBee接收者没有接收到足够的数据包，则重复该过程，直到所有ZigBee接收者都成功解码了原始数据。This application designs an on-demand retransmission scheme, which is similar to selective retransmission ARQ. Fountain codes are used in this scheme to encode the raw data, and if ZigBee receives enough data packets, most ZigBee receivers can successfully decode the raw data. A ZigBee receiver that has finished decoding will go to sleep and remain silent to save energy until the next wake-up time. A timestamp of the next wakeup time is embedded in the transmitted ARQ packet. However, a small number of ZigBee receivers may still not receive enough packets to decode. These receivers will send NACKs to the WiFi senders. The NACK message contains the number of requested packets from ZigBee. Once these NACKs are received, WiFi will resend encoded packets based on the requested maximum number of packets to ensure that each ZigBee receiver receives enough encoded packets. If there are still ZigBee receivers that have not received enough packets, the process is repeated until all ZigBee receivers have successfully decoded the original data.
本申请实施例中的实验设备在USRP N210(WiFi)和Tmote Sky(ZigBee)上实施该发明。实验场景包括：The experimental equipment in the embodiment of the present application implements the invention on USRP N210 (WiFi) and Tmote Sky (ZigBee). Experimental scenarios include:
i)走廊中，通信距离从5m到40m不等；i) In the corridor, the communication distance varies from 5m to 40m;
ii)人行道上的室外场景，通信距离从40m到200m不等。ii) Outdoor scenes on sidewalks with communication distances ranging from 40m to 200m.
WiFi和ZigBee设备的传输功率分别设置为30dBm和0dBm，传输之间的时间间隔设置为2ms。MAC有效载荷为14个字节，而MAC头部和尾部与IEEE 802.15.4中定义的相同。The transmission power of the WiFi and ZigBee devices was set to 30dBm and 0dBm, respectively, and the time interval between transmissions was set to 2ms. The MAC payload is 14 bytes, while the MAC header and trailer are the same as defined in IEEE 802.15.4.
以上所述的实施例仅是对本申请优选方式进行的描述，并非对本申请的范围进行限定，在不脱离本申请设计精神的前提下，本领域普通技术人员对本申请的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本申请权利要求书确定的保护范围内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only a description of the preferred mode of the application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. Variations and improvements should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present application.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310501150.XACN116707718A (en) | 2023-05-06 | 2023-05-06 | ZigBee-WiFi data transmission feedback method |
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| CN202310501150.XACN116707718A (en) | 2023-05-06 | 2023-05-06 | ZigBee-WiFi data transmission feedback method |
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| CN116707718Atrue CN116707718A (en) | 2023-09-05 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202310501150.XAPendingCN116707718A (en) | 2023-05-06 | 2023-05-06 | ZigBee-WiFi data transmission feedback method |
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| CN113630209A (en)* | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学院大学 | WiFi to low-power-consumption Bluetooth (BLE) cross-technology communication method based on narrow-band decoding |
| CN113794668A (en)* | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-14 | 西北工业大学 | WiFi-ZigBee reliable data transmission method based on symbol-level chip combination mode |
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| CN113630209A (en)* | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学院大学 | WiFi to low-power-consumption Bluetooth (BLE) cross-technology communication method based on narrow-band decoding |
| CN113794668A (en)* | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-14 | 西北工业大学 | WiFi-ZigBee reliable data transmission method based on symbol-level chip combination mode |
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