技术领域technical field
本发明属于环境保护技术领域，尤其涉及一种鱼草联合调控修复浅水湖泊生态系统的方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and in particular relates to a method for joint regulation and restoration of shallow lake ecosystems by fish and grass.
背景技术Background technique
改革开放以来，随着我国社会经济快速发展，我国生态环境状况出现了恶化，部分地区对自然资源掠夺式开发，造成了水土流失、水资源污染、土壤污染等一系列生态环境问题，其中湖泊水体富营养化也是目前面临的主要生态环境问题之一。随着社会经济的快速发展和城镇化进程的加快，大量营养物质的汇入使得湖泊水体水质逐步恶化，水生生物结构失衡，湖泊生态系统严重退化，近40年来全国富营养化湖泊面积增加了近60倍。湖泊生态环境的恶化不仅与生态文明和可持续发展理念相违背，更不符合人民群众对美好生活日益向往的奋斗目标。在湖泊富营养化逐步加剧的背景下，湖泊生态系统的修复和保护管理得到更多的关注和研究，也研发了一系列湖泊生态修复的技术。Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of my country's social economy, my country's ecological environment has deteriorated. The predatory development of natural resources in some areas has caused a series of ecological environmental problems such as soil erosion, water resource pollution, and soil pollution. Among them, lake water bodies Eutrophication is also one of the main ecological and environmental problems we are currently facing. With the rapid development of social economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the influx of a large amount of nutrients has gradually deteriorated the water quality of lakes, the structure of aquatic organisms has become unbalanced, and the lake ecosystem has been seriously degraded. In the past 40 years, the area of eutrophic lakes in the country has increased by nearly 60 times. The deterioration of the lake's ecological environment not only goes against the concept of ecological civilization and sustainable development, but also does not meet the goal of the people's growing yearning for a better life. In the context of the gradual intensification of lake eutrophication, the restoration and protection management of lake ecosystems have received more attention and research, and a series of technologies for lake ecological restoration have also been developed.
湖泊生态修复技术主要可分为物理修复、化学修复和生物修复三种，其中生物修复技术应用最为广泛。生物修复主要从环保性和低成本来考虑，通过水生植被、水生微生物和水生动物等水生生物来调控水体中的营养盐，以改善受污染的水体环境。目前，湖泊生物修复最主要的方法是恢复重建沉水植物群落，但多数湖泊采用此方法进行生态修复时，沉水植物的恢复并不成功，不能达到预期效果。湖泊中沉水植物的正常成活和生长需要满足必要的营养条件、适宜的底质条件、透明度和水深之比不小于1/3以及合理的鱼类群落结构。在水体富营养化的湖泊，一般沉水植物生长所需的营养条件和底质条件均可满足，在适宜的浅水区透明度和水深之比也可大于1/3，但鱼类群落结构往往不合理，主要表现为草食性鱼类、底层杂食性鱼类和小型浮游动物食性鱼类丰度高，而大中型鱼食性鱼类和碎屑食性鱼类丰度低，这种鱼类群落结构特征不仅直接影响沉水植物的定植和生长，而且不利于沉水植物生长所需环境条件的改善。现有技术中采用沉水植物进行湖泊生态修复时，往往忽视了鱼类对沉水植物定植和生长的影响，更不知如何调控优化鱼类群落结构，其结果是沉水植物不能正常成活与生长，最终难以达到生态修复的效果。Lake ecological restoration technology can be mainly divided into three types: physical restoration, chemical restoration and biological restoration, among which biological restoration technology is the most widely used. Bioremediation mainly considers environmental protection and low cost, and regulates the nutrients in the water body through aquatic organisms such as aquatic vegetation, aquatic microorganisms, and aquatic animals to improve the polluted water environment. At present, the most important method of lake bioremediation is to restore and reconstruct the submerged plant community, but when most lakes adopt this method for ecological restoration, the restoration of submerged plants is not successful, and the expected effect cannot be achieved. The normal survival and growth of submerged plants in lakes need to meet the necessary nutritional conditions, suitable substrate conditions, the ratio of transparency to water depth is not less than 1/3, and a reasonable fish community structure. In lakes with eutrophic water bodies, the nutritional conditions and substrate conditions required for the growth of submerged plants can generally be satisfied, and the ratio of transparency to water depth in suitable shallow water areas can also be greater than 1/3, but the fish community structure is often not Reasonable, mainly manifested in the high abundance of herbivorous fish, demersal omnivorous fish, and small zooplankton-eating fish, while the abundance of large and medium-sized piscivorous fish and detritus-eating fish is low. The characteristics of this fish community structure It not only directly affects the colonization and growth of submerged plants, but also is not conducive to the improvement of the environmental conditions required for the growth of submerged plants. In the prior art, when submerged plants are used for lake ecological restoration, the impact of fish on the colonization and growth of submerged plants is often ignored, and how to regulate and optimize the fish community structure is not known. As a result, submerged plants cannot survive and grow normally. , and ultimately it is difficult to achieve the effect of ecological restoration.
因此，如何研发集成有效的湖泊生态修复和环境保护技术，促进湖泊生态系统的健康和稳定，推动绿色发展，实现人与自然和谐共生是本领域技术人员亟需解决的技术问题。Therefore, how to develop and integrate effective technologies for lake ecological restoration and environmental protection, to promote the health and stability of lake ecosystems, to promote green development, and to realize the harmonious coexistence of man and nature is an urgent technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出了一种鱼草联合调控修复浅水湖泊生态系统的方法。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention proposes a method for joint regulation and restoration of shallow lake ecosystems by fish and grass.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种鱼草联合调控修复浅水湖泊生态系统的方法，包括以下步骤：A method for joint regulation and restoration of shallow lake ecosystems by fish and grass, comprising the following steps:
(1)对湖泊的水环境现状以及水生生物资源现状进行调查，并诊断湖泊生态系统存在的问题；(1) Investigate the current status of the lake's water environment and aquatic biological resources, and diagnose the problems existing in the lake ecosystem;
(2)鱼类群落结构优化：基于湖泊鱼类群落结构现状，通过鱼类放养和捕捞移除调整鱼类群落，优化鱼类群落的结构和功能，以提升湖泊中饵料资源的转化利用效率，同时为沉水植物群落的恢复重建提供基础保证；(2) Fish community structure optimization: Based on the current situation of lake fish community structure, adjust fish community through fish stocking and fishing removal, optimize the structure and function of fish community, so as to improve the conversion and utilization efficiency of bait resources in lakes, At the same time, it provides a basic guarantee for the restoration and reconstruction of submerged plant communities;
所述鱼类放养中，所述鱼类包括鱼食性鱼类、滤食性鱼类和碎屑食性鱼类；In the stocking of the fish, the fish includes piscivorous fish, filter-feeding fish and detritus-feeding fish;
所述鱼类捕捞移除中，所述鱼类包括草食性鱼类、底层杂食扰动性鱼类和浮游动物食性鱼类。In the fishing removal of the fish, the fish includes herbivorous fish, bottom omnivorous disturbing fish and zooplankton-eating fish.
(3)沉水植物群落重建：基于湖泊沉水植物群落现状遴选沉水植物，通过人工和自然恢复种植沉水植物群落，以优化沉水植物群落的结构和功能，提升湖泊中营养盐的吸收利用效率和水体自净能力。(3) Reconstruction of submerged plant communities: select submerged plants based on the status quo of lake submerged plant communities, and plant submerged plant communities through artificial and natural restoration to optimize the structure and function of submerged plant communities and improve the absorption of nutrients in lakes Utilization efficiency and water self-purification ability.
优选的，步骤(1)中所述湖泊为水体呈现富营养化状态的淡水浅水湖泊；Preferably, the lake described in step (1) is a freshwater shallow lake in which the water body presents an eutrophic state;
所述水环境包括湖泊的水质理化特征、营养盐特征和底质沉积物；The water environment includes the physical and chemical characteristics of the lake's water quality, nutrient salt characteristics and bottom sediments;
所述水生生物资源包括浮游生物、底栖动物、高等水生植物和鱼类。The aquatic biological resources include plankton, benthos, higher aquatic plants and fish.
有益效果：为合理调控鱼类群落结构和合理选择适宜的沉水植物恢复区域提供基础依据。Beneficial effects: provide a basis for rationally regulating fish community structure and rationally selecting suitable submerged plant restoration areas.
优选的，步骤(2)中所述鱼食性鱼类包括翘嘴鲌、蒙古鲌、鳜、乌鳢，放养量其主要直接捕食利用湖泊中丰度过高的小型浮游动物食性鱼类和小型杂食性鱼类；Preferably, the piscivorous fishes described in step (2) include crocodile, mongolian, mandarin fish, snakehead, stocking amount It mainly directly preys on small zooplankton-eating fish and small omnivorous fish that are too abundant in the lake;
所述滤食性鱼类包括鲢、鳙，其中，鲢和鳙的放养量比例不小于1:1，放养量Described filter-feeding fish comprises silver carp, bighead carp, wherein, the ratio of stocking amount of silver carp and bighead carp is not less than 1:1, stocking amount
所述碎屑食性鱼类包括但不限于黄尾鲴、细鳞斜颌鲴，放养量FS＝CS·V·(19.56％Q1+22.60％Q2)×3900000/(3560Q1+3350Q2)，其主要摄食利用水体中的植物碎屑和颗粒有机物；The detritus-eating fish includes but is not limited to yellow-tailed pomfret and slender squamous pomfret, stocking amount FS =CS ·V ·(19.56%Q1 +22.60%Q2 )×3900000/(3560Q1 +3350Q2 ), it mainly feeds on plant debris and particulate organic matter in the water body;
其中，in,
所述FY、FL、FS分别为鱼食性鱼类、滤食性鱼类和碎屑食性鱼类的放养量，单位为吨；Said FY , FL , and FS are the stocking quantities of piscivorous fish, filter-feeding fish and detritus-feeding fish respectively, and the unit is ton;
所述a为放养鱼类对该类饵料生物允许的最大利用率；Said a is the maximum utilization rate allowed by stocking fish to this type of bait organism;
所述k为放养鱼类对该类饵料生物的饵料系数；Said k is the bait coefficient of stocking fish to this type of bait organism;
所述BY为小型鱼类和虾类年平均生物量，单位为g/m2；SaidBY is the annual average biomass of small fishes and shrimps, and the unit is g/m2 ;
所述P/B为饵料生物年生产量与年平均生物量之比；Described P/B is the ratio of bait organism annual production quantity and annual average biomass;
所述S为湖泊面积，单位为km2；Said S is the lake area, the unit is km2 ;
所述BP为浮游植物年平均生物量，单位为mg/L；DescribedBP is the annual average biomass of phytoplankton, and the unit is mg/L;
所述BZ1为浮游动物年平均生物量，单位为mg/L；Said BZ1 is the average annual biomass of zooplankton, in mg/L;
所述V为湖泊容积；CS为有机碎屑有机碳年平均含量，单位为mg/L；The V is the volume of the lake; CS is the annual average content of organic carbon in organic debris, in mg/L;
所述Q1为湖泊中鲢占鲢、鳙的生物量比例；Described Q1 is the biomass ratio that silver carp accounts for silver carp and bighead carp in the lake;
所述Q2为湖泊中鳙占鲢、鳙的生物量比例。TheQ2 is the biomass ratio of bighead carp to silver carp and bighead carp in the lake.
有益效果：科学确定不同鱼类的放养量，保证鱼类群落结构调整的合理性、科学性和可行性。Beneficial effect: scientifically determine the stocking amount of different fishes, and ensure the rationality, scientificity and feasibility of fish community structure adjustment.
优选的，不同类型放养鱼类对饵料生物的最大利用率a和饵料系数k如下表所示：Preferably, the maximum utilization rate a and bait coefficient k of different types of stocking fish to bait organisms are shown in the following table:
有益效果：不同饵料类型的特性、转化效率以及营养含量不一样，因此其允许的最大利用率以及饵料效率也存在较大差异，本表给出的参数是基于大量研究实验归纳得出，可保证其科学性和准确性。Beneficial effects: The characteristics, conversion efficiency and nutrient content of different bait types are different, so the maximum allowable utilization rate and bait efficiency are also quite different. The parameters given in this table are based on a large number of research experiments. Guaranteed Its science and accuracy.
优选的，不同区域湖泊不同饵料生物的P/B系数如下表所示：Preferably, the P/B coefficients of different prey organisms in lakes in different regions are shown in the following table:
有益效果：不同地区的湖泊温度、营养盐存在较大差异，因此其浮游植物、浮游动物以及小型鱼类和虾类的P/B系数也存在一定差异。本发明通过分区域提出对应参数，可保证整体结果的科学性、准确性和适用性。Beneficial effects: There are large differences in lake temperature and nutrients in different regions, so there are also certain differences in the P/B coefficients of phytoplankton, zooplankton, small fish and shrimp. The present invention proposes corresponding parameters by regions, which can ensure the scientificity, accuracy and applicability of the overall results.
优选的，步骤(2)中所述草食性鱼类包括草鱼、团头鲂、三角鲂和长春鳊，其主要摄食高等水生植物，特别不利于沉水植物的成活与生长；Preferably, the herbivorous fishes described in the step (2) include grass carp, bream, triangular bream and Changchun bream, which mainly feed on higher aquatic plants, and are particularly unfavorable for the survival and growth of submerged plants;
所述底层杂食扰动性鱼类包括鲤、鲫和青鱼，其主要在湖泊底层栖息与觅食，特别不利于人工种植沉水植物的定植和撒播沉水植物种子的萌发，同时扰动沉积物导致水体浊度上升，也不利于植株的生长；The bottom omnivorous disturbing fish include carp, crucian carp and herring, which mainly inhabit and forage at the bottom of the lake, and are particularly unfavorable for the colonization of artificially planted submerged plants and the germination of seeds of submerged plants, and at the same time, disturbing sediments leads to Increased turbidity is not conducive to the growth of plants;
所述浮游动物食性鱼类包括似鱎、太湖新银鱼、池沼公鱼和湖鲚，其主要以浮游动物为食，降低其生物量有利于减轻对浮游动物的捕食压力，壮大浮游动物种群，从而控制浮游植物的丰度；The zooplankton-eating fishes include squid, Taihu new whitebait, pond male fish and lake anchovy, which mainly feed on zooplankton, and reducing their biomass is conducive to reducing the predation pressure on zooplankton and expanding the population of zooplankton. thereby controlling the abundance of phytoplankton;
所述种植初期为整个湖泊鱼类群落结构调整优化至不影响沉水植物正常生长的时期，尽量降低并控制以上鱼类的生物量，捕捞以上鱼类的网具包括但不限于刺网、网簖、围网。The initial stage of planting is the period when the fish community structure of the entire lake is adjusted and optimized so as not to affect the normal growth of submerged plants, and the biomass of the above fish is reduced and controlled as much as possible. The nets used to catch the above fish include but are not limited to gill nets,簖, seine.
优选的，步骤(3)中所述沉水植物的遴选的原则包括：Preferably, the selection principles of submerged plants described in step (3) include:
a.湖泊中先前存在的原生种，避免引入外来种；a. Pre-existing native species in the lake, avoiding the introduction of alien species;
b.3种以上不同生活史特征的沉水植物同时栽种或撒播；b. Simultaneous planting or spreading of more than 3 kinds of submerged plants with different life history characteristics;
c.至少1种多年生沉水植物；c. At least one perennial submerged plant;
有益效果：草鱼、团头鲂、三角鲂和长春鳊等草食性鱼类以及鲤、鲫和青鱼等底层杂食扰动性鱼类对沉水植物定植和生长具有不利影响，因此需要移除；本发明将似鱎、太湖新银鱼、池沼公鱼和湖鲚等浮游动物食性鱼类的移除调控主要是减轻它们对浮游动物的捕食压力，扩大浮游动物种群，抑制浮游植物的丰度，提升湖泊透明度，为沉水植物的生长提供必要的光照条件。Beneficial effects: Herbivorous fish such as grass carp, bream, triangular bream and Changchun bream, and bottom omnivorous disturbing fish such as carp, crucian carp and herring have adverse effects on the colonization and growth of submerged plants, so they need to be removed; the present invention The removal and regulation of zooplankton-eating fish such as squid, Taihu new whitebait, pond male fish and lake anchovy are mainly to reduce their predation pressure on zooplankton, expand the population of zooplankton, suppress the abundance of phytoplankton, and improve the quality of lakes. Transparency provides the necessary lighting conditions for the growth of submerged plants.
优选的，所述沉水植物包括苦草、金鱼藻、轮叶黑藻、穗状狐尾藻、马来眼子菜、微齿眼子菜和菹草中的任意几种；Preferably, the submerged plants include any ones of bitter grass, hornwort, hydrilla, chrysalis spicosa, sargassum, microdentate sage, and scorpion;
有益效果：以上均为浅水湖泊中常见的沉水植物，对吸收利用水体营养盐，提升水体自净能力和透明度有明显效果。Beneficial effects: the above are common submerged plants in shallow lakes, which have obvious effects on absorbing and utilizing nutrient salts in the water body, and improving the self-purification ability and transparency of the water body.
优选的，步骤(3)中所述种植的方式包括种子撒播和植株移栽；Preferably, the mode of planting described in step (3) comprises seed sowing and plant transplanting;
所述种植的区域透明度与水深比不小于1/3，底质适宜于遴选沉水植物的定植和生长，区域内鱼类不会对沉水植物的萌发和生长产生负面影响；The ratio of transparency to water depth of the planting area is not less than 1/3, the substrate is suitable for the colonization and growth of selected submerged plants, and the fish in the area will not have a negative impact on the germination and growth of submerged plants;
有益效果：本发明规定了沉水植物种植区域需要满足的基本条件，可保证沉水植物的定植、成活和正常生长。Beneficial effects: the invention specifies the basic conditions to be met in the planting area of submerged plants, which can ensure the colonization, survival and normal growth of submerged plants.
优选的，所述植株移栽包括以下方法中的一种或任意几种：Preferably, the plant transplanting includes one or any of the following methods:
1)将沉水植物幼苗带根扦插于底泥中；1) cutting the submerged plant seedlings with roots in the bottom mud;
2)将沉水植物成熟植株剪切成15-30cm的营养段扦插于底泥中；2) Cut the mature plants of submerged plants into 15-30cm vegetative section cuttings in the bottom mud;
3)将沉水植物幼苗和营养段通过营养土包裹后定点种植；3) planting the submerged plant seedlings and vegetative segments at fixed points after being wrapped with nutrient soil;
4)将沉水植物种子浸泡后与营养泥搅拌均匀撒播，其中种子撒播量为0.5-2.0g/m2，植株移栽量为200-500g/m2。4) After soaking the seeds of submerged plants, stir them with nutrient mud and spread evenly, wherein the seed spreading amount is 0.5-2.0g/m2 , and the plant transplanting amount is 200-500g/m2 .
有益效果：以上措施可提升并保障沉水植物的成活和生长，促进沉水植物群落的快速构建。Beneficial effects: the above measures can improve and ensure the survival and growth of submerged plants, and promote the rapid construction of submerged plant communities.
优选的，还包括以下步骤：Preferably, the following steps are also included:
(4)日常管理(4) Daily management
所述沉水植物群落种植初期，在湖泊设置沉水植物种植试验区，并在试验区外围构建围隔，以遴选合适的沉水植物种类，所述围隔内投放滤食性鱼类鲢、碎屑食性鱼类黄尾鲴和鱼食性鱼类翘嘴鲌，同时移除降低围隔外的草食性鱼类、底层杂食扰动性鱼类和浮游动物食性鱼类的生物量，定期对围隔内的草食性鱼类、底层杂食扰动性鱼类和浮游动物食性鱼类进行监测和适时清除，待湖泊的鱼类群落结构调整优化至不影响沉水植物的生长时，打开或撤除围隔；In the initial stage of planting the submerged plant community, set up a submerged plant planting test area in the lake, and build enclosures around the test area to select suitable submerged plant species, and put filter-feeding fish silver carp, crushed The detritus-feeding fishes, the yellow-tailed pomfret and the piscivorous fish, the pisces, are simultaneously removed to reduce the biomass of the herbivorous fish, demersal omnivorous disturbing fish, and zooplankton-eating fish outside the enclosure. Monitor and timely remove herbivorous fish, demersal omnivorous disturbing fish and zooplankton-eating fish, and open or remove enclosures when the fish community structure of the lake is adjusted and optimized so as not to affect the growth of submerged plants;
当沉水植物覆盖度恢复至湖泊的30％以上时，根据沉水植物的生活史特征，及时收割和清除即将凋亡或已经死亡的植物；每年鱼类投放之后的半个月，及时清除由于机械损伤或病害而死亡的鱼类个体。When the coverage of submerged plants returns to more than 30% of the lake, according to the characteristics of the life history of submerged plants, timely harvest and remove the plants that are about to die or have died; Individual fish that die from mechanical damage or disease.
有益效果：及时收割和清除即将凋亡或已经死亡的植物以及及时清除由于机械损伤或病害而死亡的鱼类个体主要是为了避免以上物质对湖泊造成二次污染。Beneficial effects: timely harvesting and removal of dying or dead plants and timely removal of dead fish individuals due to mechanical damage or disease are mainly to avoid secondary pollution of the lake by the above substances.
本发明提供了一种鱼草联合调控修复浅水湖泊生态系统的方法，本发明从生态系统结构和功能的完整性和稳定性的角度进行湖泊生态系统的生态修复，在栽种水草恢复重建沉水植物群落之前，强调对湖泊的水质、底质、饵料生物和鱼类群落结构进行定量调查。本发明根据湖泊的水质、底质以及沉水植物群落现状，遴选合适的沉水植物，在湖泊选定适宜的位置通过人工种植和自然恢复的措施重建沉水植物群落；同时基于湖泊鱼类群落结构现状，通过科学的鱼类放养和捕捞移除优化调整鱼类群落，提升湖泊中饵料资源的转化利用效率，同时更为重要的是为沉水植物的成活和生长提供必需的生存条件。The invention provides a method for jointly regulating and restoring shallow lake ecosystems with fish and grass. The invention carries out ecological restoration of lake ecosystems from the perspective of the integrity and stability of the ecosystem structure and functions, and restores and rebuilds submerged plant communities after planting aquatic plants. Previously, emphasis was placed on the quantitative investigation of the lake's water quality, substrate, prey organisms, and fish community structure. The present invention selects suitable submerged plants according to the water quality, bottom quality and current status of the submerged plant community of the lake, and rebuilds the submerged plant community through artificial planting and natural restoration measures at a suitable location in the lake; at the same time, based on the lake fish community According to the current structure, scientific fish stocking and fishing removal are used to optimize and adjust fish communities, improve the conversion and utilization efficiency of bait resources in lakes, and more importantly, provide the necessary living conditions for the survival and growth of submerged plants.
本发明注重沉水植物先锋种优选和至少恢复3种不同生活史特征的沉水植物，可以确保沉水植物快速形成种群并在中后期保持较高的多样性，从而形成稳定的沉水植物群落，大大提升湖泊生态系统的自净能力和稳定性。此外，在种植水草之前，本发明探索湖泊的鱼类群落结构现状，基于鱼类群落结构特征，确定鱼类群落结构优化调整的技术策略，确保鱼类群落不会对水草的定植、成活和生长造成不利影响，还能为沉水植物群落的快速恢复提供良好的环境条件，同时又能提高湖泊中饵料资源的转化利用效率，整体提升湖泊生态系统的完整性、稳定性和健康程度。The present invention focuses on optimizing submerged plant pioneer species and restoring at least three submerged plants with different life history characteristics, which can ensure that submerged plants quickly form populations and maintain high diversity in the middle and late stages, thereby forming a stable submerged plant community , greatly improving the self-purification capacity and stability of the lake ecosystem. In addition, before planting aquatic plants, the present invention explores the current status of the fish community structure of the lake, and determines the technical strategy for optimizing and adjusting the fish community structure based on the characteristics of the fish community structure, so as to ensure that the fish community will not affect the planting, survival and growth of aquatic plants. The adverse impact can also provide good environmental conditions for the rapid recovery of submerged plant communities, and at the same time improve the conversion and utilization efficiency of bait resources in the lake, and improve the integrity, stability and health of the lake ecosystem as a whole.
本发明已在江苏省常熟市应急水源地湖泊、昆山市傀儡湖等多个湖泊进行了技术应用，湖泊生态修复效果显著，取得了良好的生态和社会效益。并且，本发明的技术可行性和适用性强，具有很好的推广和应用前景。The invention has been technically applied in many lakes such as emergency water source lakes in Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, and Puppet Lake in Kunshan City. The ecological restoration effect of the lakes is remarkable, and good ecological and social benefits have been achieved. Moreover, the invention has strong technical feasibility and applicability, and has good promotion and application prospects.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：The drawings constituting a part of the application are used to provide further understanding of the application, and the schematic embodiments and descriptions of the application are used to explain the application, and do not constitute an improper limitation to the application. In the attached picture:
图1为实施例1中2017-2021年常熟应急水源地湖泊鱼草联合调控过程中小型浮游动物食性鱼类NPUE和BPUE的变化；Fig. 1 is the variation of NPUE and BPUE of small-scale zooplankton-eating fish in Changshu emergency water source lake fish and grass joint control process in 2017-2021 in embodiment 1;
图2为实施例1中2017-2021年常熟应急水源地湖泊鱼草联合调控过程中沉水植物群落的覆盖度和生物量的变化；Fig. 2 is the change of coverage and biomass of submerged plant communities in the joint regulation and control process of lake fish and grass in Changshu emergency water source in 2017-2021 in embodiment 1;
图3实施例1中2017-2021年常熟应急水源地湖泊鱼草联合调控过程中浮游植物总密度和蓝藻门密度变化示意图；In Fig. 3 Example 1, a schematic diagram of changes in the total density of phytoplankton and the density of cyanobacteria during the joint regulation and control of lakes and grasses in Changshu's emergency water source during 2017-2021;
其中，(a)为浮游植物总密度变化示意图，(b)为蓝藻门密度变化示意图；Wherein, (a) is a schematic diagram of the change of the total density of phytoplankton, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the change of the density of cyanobacteria;
图4为实施例1中2017-2021年常熟应急水源地湖泊鱼草联合调控过程中透明度和叶绿素a含量变化示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of changes in transparency and chlorophyll a content during the joint regulation and control process of lake fish and grass in Changshu emergency water source in 2017-2021 in Example 1;
其中，(a)为湖泊透明度变化示意图，(b)为叶绿素a含量变化示意图；Among them, (a) is a schematic diagram of lake transparency changes, and (b) is a schematic diagram of changes in chlorophyll a content;
图5为实施例2中2012-2014年傀儡湖鱼草联合调控过程中鱼类群落组成变化；Fig. 5 is the change of fish community composition during 2012-2014 joint regulation and control of puppet lake fish and grass in embodiment 2;
图6为实施例2中2011-2015年傀儡湖鱼草联合调控过程中沉水植物种类数和覆盖度变化；Fig. 6 is the number of species of submerged plants and the change in coverage in the joint regulation and control process of fish and grass in Puppet Lake in 2011-2015 in embodiment 2;
图7为实施例2中2011-2015年傀儡湖鱼草联合调控过程中水体透明度和叶绿素a含量变化。Figure 7 shows the changes in water transparency and chlorophyll a content during the joint control of fish and grass in Puppet Lake in Example 2 from 2011 to 2015.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
一种鱼草联合调控修复浅水湖泊生态系统的方法，对江苏省常熟市应急水源地湖泊进行治理。The invention discloses a method for joint regulation and restoration of shallow water lake ecosystems by fish and grass, and the lakes of emergency water sources in Changshu City, Jiangsu Province are treated.
(1)湖泊水环境和水生生物资源调查与问题诊断(1) Investigation and problem diagnosis of lake water environment and aquatic biological resources
常熟应急水源地湖泊位于江苏省常熟市北部，湖区紧邻长江，水面面积0.98km2，由沿岸带向中心区水深逐渐增加，水深变动范围在1m～6.5m之间，正常水位时平均水深4.5m，是常熟市唯一的应急备用水源地，水源取自长江。湖泊于2016年4月正式投入使用，但在2016年6-9月水源地内藻类生物量上升明显，部分区域出现蓝藻水华现象，水体处于中度富营养化状态，同时此时段水体嗅味物质二甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)含量较高，供水具有土腥味，影响供水水质和居民用水安全。经调查发现该湖泊全湖无沉水植物群落，鱼类群落结构单一，多样性低，主要以中上层小型浮游生物食性鱼类为优势种，生态系统结构和功能欠佳。Changshu emergency water source lake is located in the north of Changshu City, Jiangsu Province. The lake area is close to the Yangtze River. The water surface area is 0.98km2 . The water depth gradually increases from the coastal zone to the central area. The water depth ranges from 1m to 6.5m. The average water depth is 4.5m at normal water level , is the only emergency backup water source in Changshu City, and the water source comes from the Yangtze River. The lake was officially put into use in April 2016, but from June to September 2016, the biomass of algae in the water source increased significantly, and cyanobacteria blooms appeared in some areas, and the water body was in a moderate eutrophication state. The content of dimethylisoborneol (2-MIB) is high, and the water supply has an earthy smell, which affects the quality of water supply and the safety of water for residents. After investigation, it was found that there is no submerged plant community in the lake, and the fish community structure is single and low in diversity. The dominant species are mainly small plankton-eating fish in the middle and upper layers, and the ecosystem structure and function are not good.
根据湖区所面临的问题，自2017年通过本发明的鱼草联合调控方法修复水体生态系统。具体包括以下步骤：According to the problems faced by the lake area, since 2017, the water body ecosystem has been restored through the fish and grass joint regulation method of the present invention. Specifically include the following steps:
(2)鱼类群落结构优化(2) Optimization of fish community structure
基于湖泊鱼类群落结构现状，投放滤食性鱼类鲢、鳙，投放量为99316kg；投放食鱼性鱼类乌鳢、翘嘴鲌、鳜，投放量为1867kg；捕捞草食性鱼类草鱼、团头鲂，捕捞量为368kg；捕捞底层杂食性鱼类鲫、鲤，捕捞量为2450kg。Based on the current situation of the fish community structure in the lake, put filter-feeding fish silver carp and bighead carp at a rate of 99,316kg; put piscivorous fishes such as snakehead, squid and mandarin fish at a rate of 1867kg; catch herbivorous fish grass carp and tuna For bream, the catch is 368kg; for bottom omnivorous fish crucian carp and carp, the catch is 2450kg.
(3)沉水植物群落重建(3) Submerged plant community reconstruction
基于湖泊沉水植物群落现状，遴选合适的沉水植物在湖泊通过人工种植和自然恢复重建沉水植物群落，沉水植物品种包括但不限于苦草、金鱼藻、轮叶黑藻、穗状狐尾藻、马来眼子菜、微齿眼子菜、菹草等；种植方式包括种子撒播和植株移栽。种植初期(整个湖泊鱼类群落结构调整优化至不影响沉水植物正常生长的这段时间)，在沉水植物重建区外围构建围隔，清除围隔内的草食性鱼类、底层杂食扰动性鱼类和浮游动物食性鱼类，避免上述三种鱼类对围隔内沉水植物的定植和生长造成不利影响；同时向围隔内投放滤食性鱼类鲢、碎屑食性鱼类黄尾鲴和鱼食性鱼类翘嘴鲌，降低围隔内的浮游植物、悬浮颗粒物的密度，提升围隔内的透明度，为沉水植物的萌发和生长提供必要的光照条件。Based on the current status of the submerged plant community in the lake, select suitable submerged plants to rebuild the submerged plant community in the lake through artificial planting and natural restoration. The species of submerged plants include but not limited to bitter grass, hornwort, hydra verticillium, and foxtail . In the initial stage of planting (the period when the fish community structure of the entire lake is adjusted and optimized so as not to affect the normal growth of submerged plants), build enclosures around the submerged plant reconstruction area to remove herbivorous fish and bottom omnivorous disturbances in the enclosures. Fish and zooplankton-eating fish, to avoid the adverse effects of the above three fish on the colonization and growth of submerged plants in the enclosure; at the same time, put filter-feeding fish silver carp and detritus-eating fish yellow-tailed pomfret into the enclosure It can reduce the density of phytoplankton and suspended particles in the enclosure, improve the transparency in the enclosure, and provide the necessary light conditions for the germination and growth of submerged plants.
(4)日常管理(4) Daily management
在沉水植物恢复初期(整个湖泊鱼类群落结构调整优化至不影响沉水植物正常生长的这段时间)，定期对围隔内的草食性鱼类、底层杂食扰动性鱼类和浮游动物食性鱼类进行监测和适时清除，待湖泊的鱼类群落结构调整优化至不影响沉水植物的生长时，打开或撤除围隔；In the initial stage of submerged plant recovery (the period when the fish community structure of the whole lake is adjusted and optimized so as not to affect the normal growth of submerged plants), the feeding habits of herbivorous fish, demersal omnivorous disturbed fish and zooplankton in the enclosure should be regularly checked. Fish are monitored and removed in a timely manner, and when the fish community structure of the lake is adjusted and optimized so as not to affect the growth of submerged plants, the enclosure is opened or removed;
当沉水植物覆盖度恢复至湖泊的30％以上时，根据沉水植物的生活史特征，及时收割和清除即将凋亡或已经死亡的水草。每年鱼类投放之后的半个月，及时清除由于机械损伤或病害而死亡的鱼类个体。When the coverage of submerged plants recovers to more than 30% of the lake, according to the characteristics of the life history of submerged plants, timely harvest and remove the aquatic plants that are about to die or have died. Half a month after the fish are put in every year, the individual fish that died due to mechanical damage or disease should be removed in time.
经过5年的监测，生态修复效果如下：After 5 years of monitoring, the ecological restoration effect is as follows:
(1)小型鱼类：如图1所示，通过鱼类群落结构调控，小型浮游动物食性鱼类(似鳊等)密度和生物量显著降低。与第1年相比，第2年CPUEN和CPUEB分别下降了95.86％和95.42％，第3-5年随着沉水植物生境的扩大虽然略有波动上升，但始终保持在较低水平。第2年-第5年的CPUEN和CPUEB均显著低于第1年。小型浮游动物食性鱼类丰度的降低，有利于浮游动物种群的扩增，从而对浮游植物具有控制作用。(1) Small fish: As shown in Figure 1, through the regulation of fish community structure, small zooplankton-eating fish ( bream, etc.) density and biomass decreased significantly. Compared with the first year, CPUEN and CPUEB decreased by 95.86% and 95.42% respectively in the second year. Although there was a slight fluctuation with the expansion of submerged plant habitat in the third to fifth year, the CPUEN and CPUEB remained at a low level. Both CPUEN and CPUEB from year 2 to year 5 were significantly lower than those in year 1. The decrease in the abundance of small zooplankton-eating fish is conducive to the expansion of zooplankton populations, and thus has a control effect on phytoplankton.
(2)沉水植物：如图2所示，通过鱼类群落调控和沉水植物群落重建，沉水植物的覆盖度逐渐升高，2017年-2021年沉水植物覆盖度分别为0.20％、0.90％、4.11％、10.79％和20.81％；沉水植物的物种多样性也呈现逐渐提升之势，轮叶黑藻、金鱼藻、穗状狐尾藻、菹草、苦草在应急水库初步形成了较为稳定的种群。沉水植物的生物量也逐渐升高，2017年-2021年沉水植物生物量分别为5g、57g、597g、1313g和1739g。沉水植物覆盖度、物种多样性以及生物量的升高有效促进了常熟应急水源地湖泊透明度的增加，抑制了浮游植物的密度；(2) Submerged plants: As shown in Figure 2, through fish community regulation and submerged plant community reconstruction, the coverage of submerged plants has gradually increased. From 2017 to 2021, the coverage of submerged plants was 0.20%, 0.90%, 4.11%, 10.79% and 20.81%; the species diversity of submerged plants is also showing a trend of gradual increase, and Hydrilla verticillium, hornwort, Foxtail spicule, Spirulina, and Erytheria preliminarily formed relatively stable population. The biomass of submerged plants is also gradually increasing. From 2017 to 2021, the biomass of submerged plants is 5g, 57g, 597g, 1313g and 1739g respectively. The increase of submerged plant coverage, species diversity and biomass effectively promoted the increase of lake transparency in Changshu emergency water source area, and suppressed the density of phytoplankton;
(3)浮游植物：如图3所示，鱼草联合调控后，2017年-2021年浮游植物总密度呈现逐年下降趋势，总密度分别为15.22×106cells/L、14.69×106cells/L、9.05×106cells/L、4.11×106cells/L和2.73×106cells/L；蓝藻门密度也呈现逐年下降趋势，蓝藻门密度分别为9.03×106cells/L、7.14×106cells/L、5.39×106cells/L、2.42×106cells/L和0.29×106cells/L；(3) Phytoplankton: As shown in Figure 3, after the joint control of fish and grass, the total density of phytoplankton from 2017 to 2021 showed a downward trend year by year, and the total density was 15.22×106 cells/L and 14.69×106 cells/L respectively. L, 9.05×106 cells/L, 4.11×106 cells/L, and 2.73×106 cells/L; the density of cyanobacteria also showed a downward trend year by year, and the densities of cyanobacteria were 9.03×106 cells/L, 7.14× 106 cells/L, 5.39×106 cells/L, 2.42×106 cells/L and 0.29×106 cells/L;
(4)水质：如图4所示，鱼草联合调控后，常熟应急水源地湖泊透明度显著提升，叶绿素a含量显著下降。2017年-2021年的水体透明度分别为108cm、102cm、132cm、239cm、333cm，叶绿素a含量分别为24.77μg/L、26.10μg/L、6.95μg/L、9.55μg/L和9.62μg/L；(4) Water quality: As shown in Figure 4, after the joint control of fish and grass, the transparency of lakes in the Changshu emergency water source area was significantly improved, and the content of chlorophyll a was significantly reduced. From 2017 to 2021, the transparency of water body is 108cm, 102cm, 132cm, 239cm, 333cm respectively, and the content of chlorophyll a is 24.77μg/L, 26.10μg/L, 6.95μg/L, 9.55μg/L and 9.62μg/L respectively;
(5)生态效益和经济效益：根据2021年7月应急水库沉水植物覆盖率(20.81％)和平均生物量(1739g)估算，预计2021年沉水植物的生长可贮存(移除)氮9471.8kg、磷3180.1kg。鲢、鳙的定量放养实现了对蓝藻水华的有效控制，同时定量捕获的大个体鲢鳙既可移除带走水体的营养盐，净化水质，还可以实现一定的渔业效益。2019年和2021年应急水库定量捕捞的鲢和鳙可贮存(移除)氮4965kg、磷1077.9kg；同时实现渔业效益约162.7万元。(5) Ecological benefits and economic benefits: According to the estimation of emergency reservoir submerged plant coverage (20.81%) and average biomass (1739g) in July 2021, it is estimated that the growth of submerged plants can store (remove) nitrogen 9471.8 in 2021 kg, phosphorus 3180.1kg. Quantitative stocking of silver carp and bighead carp has achieved effective control of cyanobacteria blooms. At the same time, quantitatively captured large silver carp and bighead carp can remove nutrients from the water body, purify water quality, and achieve certain fishery benefits. Silver carp and bighead carp caught quantitatively in emergency reservoirs in 2019 and 2021 can store (remove) 4965kg of nitrogen and 1077.9kg of phosphorus; at the same time, the fishery benefit will be about 1.627 million yuan.
实施例2Example 2
一种鱼草联合调控修复浅水湖泊生态系统的方法，对昆山市傀儡湖进行治理。A method for joint regulation and restoration of shallow lake ecosystems by fish and grass, to control Puppet Lake in Kunshan City.
(1)湖泊水环境和水生生物资源调查与问题诊断(1) Investigation and problem diagnosis of lake water environment and aquatic biological resources
傀儡湖位于太湖流域下游，通过野尤泾和引水箱涵与阳澄湖相连，是江苏省昆山市唯一的饮用水水源地。该湖面形状呈椭圆形，南北最长为4.80km，东西最宽为2.80km，湖面面积为6.7km2。湖水主要来源于日常降雨和阳澄湖，年平均水深为2.75m。傀儡湖主要由养殖性湖泊经过退渔、清淤、加深等改造形成，水生态系统结构和功能较为简单，成熟度和稳定性差。2011年经调查发现该湖泊的鱼类种类丰富度较低，底层扰动性鱼类生物量偏高,食鱼性鱼类生物量偏低。这种不合理的鱼类群落结构最终导致该湖沉水植物几乎全部消亡，湖泊水质时空波动较大。Puppet Lake is located in the lower reaches of the Taihu Lake Basin and is connected to Yangcheng Lake through Yeyoujing and the diversion box culvert. It is the only source of drinking water in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province. The shape of the lake is elliptical, the longest from north to south is 4.80km, the widest from east to west is 2.80km, and the lake area is 6.7km2 . The lake water mainly comes from daily rainfall and Yangcheng Lake, with an annual average water depth of 2.75m. Puppet Lake is mainly formed by aquaculture lakes after fish withdrawal, dredging, and deepening. The structure and function of the aquatic ecosystem are relatively simple, and the maturity and stability are poor. The investigation in 2011 found that the richness of fish species in this lake was low, the biomass of disturbing fish at the bottom was relatively high, and the biomass of piscivorous fish was relatively low. This unreasonable fish community structure eventually led to the disappearance of almost all submerged plants in the lake, and the water quality of the lake fluctuated greatly in time and space.
根据湖区所面临的问题，2013-2015年通过本发明的鱼草联合调控方法修复水体生态系统。具体包括以下步骤：According to the problems faced by the lake area, from 2013 to 2015, the fish and grass joint control method of the present invention was used to restore the water body ecosystem. Specifically include the following steps:
(2)鱼类群落结构优化(2) Optimization of fish community structure
傀儡湖开展鱼类群落调控主要包括以下三个方面：一是调整鲢、鳙鱼苗放养数量和比例，总放养量为63940kg，鲢、鳙放养比例为2：1；二是增加食鱼性鱼类(鳜、乌鳢、革胡子鲶、黄颡鱼、蒙古鲌和翘嘴鲌)的放养量，放养总量为25000kg；三是加大对底层扰动性鱼类(鲫和鲤等)和草食性鱼类(草鱼和团头鲂等)的定向捕捞，捕捞总量约23000kg。The control of fish community in Puppet Lake mainly includes the following three aspects: first, adjust the stocking quantity and ratio of silver carp and bighead carp fry, the total stocking amount is 63940kg, and the stocking ratio of silver carp and bighead carp is 2:1; (Mandarin fish, black snakehead, leather beard catfish, yellow catfish, Mongolian catfish and scorpion catfish), the total amount of stocking is 25,000kg; the third is to increase the bottom disturbing fish (crucian carp and carp, etc.) and herbivorous fish The directional fishing of species (grass carp and group head bream, etc.), with a total catch of about 23,000kg.
(3)日常管理(3) Daily management
当沉水植物覆盖度恢复至湖泊的30％以上时，根据沉水植物的生活史特征，及时收割和清除即将凋亡或已经死亡的水草。每年鱼类投放之后的半个月，及时清除由于机械损伤或病害而死亡的鱼类个体。When the coverage of submerged plants recovers to more than 30% of the lake, according to the characteristics of the life history of submerged plants, timely harvest and remove the aquatic plants that are about to die or have died. Half a month after the fish are put in every year, the individual fish that died due to mechanical damage or disease should be removed in time.
经过5年的监测，生态修复效果如下：After 5 years of monitoring, the ecological restoration effect is as follows:
(1)鱼类：如图5所示，通过鱼类群落调控和沉水植物群落重建，傀儡湖翘嘴鲌、蒙古鲌、鳜等食鱼性鱼类的生物量在鱼类群落中所占比例有所提升,以为代表的浮游动物食性小型鱼类得到一定控制,/>的生物量在群落中的占比由2012年的42％下降到2014年的8％。通过定向捕捞,鲫的生物量占比由2012年的19％下降到2014年的14％。(1) Fish: As shown in Figure 5, through the regulation of fish communities and the reconstruction of submerged plant communities, the biomass of piscivorous fishes, such as C. ratio has increased to The feeding habits of small fish represented by zooplankton have been controlled to a certain extent, /> The proportion of biomass in the community decreased from 42% in 2012 to 8% in 2014. Through directional fishing, the biomass proportion of crucian carp decreased from 19% in 2012 to 14% in 2014.
(2)沉水植物：如图6所示，通过鱼类群落调控和沉水植物群落重建，沉水植物种类丰度和覆盖度都有了明显的增加，其中沉水植物种类数从2011年的6种上升至2015年的12种；覆盖度由2011年的不足20％上升至2015年的73％，并且形成了以金鱼藻、菹草、微齿眼子菜、刺苦草、黑藻和穗状狐尾藻为主要优势种的沉水植物群落。(2) Submerged plants: As shown in Figure 6, through fish community regulation and submerged plant community reconstruction, the abundance and coverage of submerged plant species have increased significantly, and the number of submerged plant species has increased from 2011 to 2011. 6 species in 2015 increased to 12 species in 2015; the coverage increased from less than 20% in 2011 to 73% in 2015, and formed a variety of species dominated by hornwort, Smilax, microdentate, Erythrina chinensis, and black algae The submerged plant communities in which the main dominant species are spp.
(3)水质：如图7所示，鱼草联合调控后，傀儡湖水体的透明度从2011年的50.75±9.78cm,增加至2015年的115.75±22.63cm。2013-2015年,年均透明度为101.47±17.33cm,显著高于2011-2012年的51.38±6.24cm。叶绿素a的平均生物量从2011年的6.30±1.34μg/L下降到2015年的3.72±0.82μg/L。(3) Water quality: As shown in Figure 7, the transparency of the Puppet Lake water body increased from 50.75±9.78cm in 2011 to 115.75±22.63cm in 2015 after the joint control of fish and grass. From 2013 to 2015, the annual average transparency was 101.47±17.33cm, significantly higher than 51.38±6.24cm from 2011 to 2012. The average biomass of chlorophyll a decreased from 6.30±1.34 μg/L in 2011 to 3.72±0.82 μg/L in 2015.
以上，仅为本申请较佳的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above are only preferred specific implementation methods of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Anyone skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application. All should be covered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310638268.7ACN116655119B (en) | 2023-06-01 | 2023-06-01 | Method for repairing shallow lake ecosystem by fish and grass combined regulation and control |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310638268.7ACN116655119B (en) | 2023-06-01 | 2023-06-01 | Method for repairing shallow lake ecosystem by fish and grass combined regulation and control |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116655119Atrue CN116655119A (en) | 2023-08-29 |
| CN116655119B CN116655119B (en) | 2024-04-26 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310638268.7AActiveCN116655119B (en) | 2023-06-01 | 2023-06-01 | Method for repairing shallow lake ecosystem by fish and grass combined regulation and control |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116655119B (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117350068A (en)* | 2023-10-25 | 2024-01-05 | 广东工业大学 | Numerical simulation method and device for herbivorous fishes in complex water ecological system model |
| CN119080252A (en)* | 2024-09-05 | 2024-12-06 | 武汉市两江生态科技发展有限公司 | A method for ecological restoration of urban lake vegetation |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030213745A1 (en)* | 2002-05-07 | 2003-11-20 | Haerther Daryl W. | System and method for remediation of waste |
| CN113371833A (en)* | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-10 | 广西壮族自治区自然资源生态修复中心 | Composite ecological restoration method for lakeside zone of shallow lake |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030213745A1 (en)* | 2002-05-07 | 2003-11-20 | Haerther Daryl W. | System and method for remediation of waste |
| CN113371833A (en)* | 2021-07-02 | 2021-09-10 | 广西壮族自治区自然资源生态修复中心 | Composite ecological restoration method for lakeside zone of shallow lake |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117350068A (en)* | 2023-10-25 | 2024-01-05 | 广东工业大学 | Numerical simulation method and device for herbivorous fishes in complex water ecological system model |
| CN119080252A (en)* | 2024-09-05 | 2024-12-06 | 武汉市两江生态科技发展有限公司 | A method for ecological restoration of urban lake vegetation |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116655119B (en) | 2024-04-26 |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110959567B (en) | Ecological protection method for coastal mudflat and used system | |
| CN101962227B (en) | Method for removing water eutrophication | |
| CN116655119B (en) | Method for repairing shallow lake ecosystem by fish and grass combined regulation and control | |
| CN1826881A (en) | Crab breeding method | |
| CN103960173B (en) | Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River young fish of two years, fingerlings of two years and Exopalaemon carinicauda brackish water ecological culturex | |
| CN101869087A (en) | A kind of green shrimp environment-friendly pond culture method | |
| CN103004651A (en) | Reed-fish-shrimp-crab ecological polyculture method for inland soda saline-alkaline reed swamps | |
| CN106613891B (en) | Simple and convenient halophila haliotidis bed pond ecological restoration method | |
| CN114620837B (en) | Method for reconstructing brackish lake composite ecological restoration system by taking bromhidrosis as dominant species | |
| CN109076995A (en) | A kind of ecological in-situ immobilization cultural method of high-quality Eriocheir sinensis | |
| CN106417114A (en) | Ecological environment-friendly breeding method for increasing black carp yield through viviparous and black carp matched breeding | |
| CN100528772C (en) | Method for removing settled organism on surface of submerged plant by using grazer | |
| CN104026070B (en) | A kind of Trionyx sinensis (Wiegmann) environmentally-friendly pond culture method | |
| CN118235732A (en) | A mangrove-coupled shrimp ecological breeding method | |
| CN104872026A (en) | Method of prawn and Sillago sihama polyculture in higher-place pond | |
| CN104161001B (en) | A kind of Tilapia mossambica and loach pond polyculture method | |
| CN104642089B (en) | A kind of polyculture method of fragrant plant mentioned in ancient texts and grouper | |
| CN101381165A (en) | Control method of 'artificial lagoon' water body eutrophication in Jin shan urban beach | |
| CN106259068B (en) | A kind of polyculture method of Holothuria scabra and Penaeus Vannmei tank interior | |
| CN111066695B (en) | Method for three-dimensional planting and breeding of fugu obscurus, penaeus vannamei and water spinach | |
| CN105123578B (en) | A kind of sea cucumber and golden cuttlefish pond polyculture method | |
| CN104938381B (en) | A kind of Duo Lin Xi and the native pool polyculture method of prawn low level | |
| CN101300963A (en) | Cultivation method of mud crab in autumn and winter | |
| CN216492469U (en) | Lotus root field system is bred to broad-body gold thread leech | |
| CN1739345A (en) | High pond domestication and culture method |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |