技术领域technical field
本发明属于高端装备制造技术领域；尤其涉及一种基于高、低温双材料空间分布的打印方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of high-end equipment manufacturing; in particular, it relates to a printing method based on the spatial distribution of high and low temperature dual materials.
背景技术Background technique
近年来随着连续纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料增材制造技术的发展，国内外已有若干研究团队推出系列成形设备，如中国斐帛科技公司的COMBOT-1、美国Markforged公司的Mark2、俄罗斯Anisoprint公司的Composer A4等。市场设备中也不乏双喷头打印设备，并已实现多材料的打印(一个打印头打印树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材，另一个打印连续干纤维或连续纤维预浸丝材)，其中树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材用于①支撑结构打印，②覆盖连续纤维打印层以提升最终制件表面质量。In recent years, with the development of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin-based composite material additive manufacturing technology, several research teams at home and abroad have launched a series of forming equipment, such as COMBOT-1 of China Feibo Technology Co., Ltd., Mark2 of American Markforged Company, Russia Anisoprint The company's Composer A4, etc. There are also dual-nozzle printing equipment in the market equipment, and multi-material printing has been realized (one printing head prints resin or short fiber reinforced resin filament, and the other prints continuous dry fiber or continuous fiber prepreg filament), in which resin or short fiber Fiber-reinforced resin filaments are used for ① supporting structure printing, and ② covering the continuous fiber printing layer to improve the surface quality of the final part.
现有连续纤维双喷头打印方案的打印路径和材料使用上有如下特点：The printing path and material usage of the existing continuous fiber dual-nozzle printing scheme have the following characteristics:
①连续纤维层基于目标制件纵向等分切片获得，连续纤维预浸渍丝材部分与树脂丝材部分基于固定的面内分布规则进行打印路径规划，该方式是以打印层作为可变的路径排布对象，连续纤维层内的连续纤维排布方式固定，如典型的连续纤维层与短纤增强树脂层的堆叠排布，形成的夹层结构。①The continuous fiber layer is obtained based on the longitudinal equal section of the target part. The printing path planning of the continuous fiber pre-impregnated filament part and the resin filament part is based on a fixed in-plane distribution rule. This method uses the printing layer as a variable path arrangement. For the cloth object, the continuous fiber arrangement in the continuous fiber layer is fixed, such as the stacked arrangement of the typical continuous fiber layer and the short fiber reinforced resin layer to form a sandwich structure.
②树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材和连续纤维预浸丝材所用树脂为温度特性接近的树脂，通常为相同的树脂，如PLA丝材与连续碳纤维增强PLA预浸渍丝材搭配使用。②Resin or short fiber reinforced resin filament and continuous fiber prepreg filament are resins with similar temperature characteristics, usually the same resin, such as PLA filament and continuous carbon fiber reinforced PLA prepreg filament.
学术研究表明，连续纤维双喷头打印方案，即采用树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材与连续纤维预浸丝材复合打印，相较单一纤维复合材料丝材打印制件，树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材的加入，使制件具有可调节刚度和更好的能量吸收特性。但同时也引入了新的孔隙缺陷，进而导致层间剪切性能的退化。为此业内通常采用热处理的方式来期望弥合制件的孔隙，以改善界面结合状态，减少树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材加入的不利影响。Academic research shows that the continuous fiber dual-nozzle printing scheme, that is, the composite printing of resin or short fiber reinforced resin filament and continuous fiber prepreg filament, compared with single fiber composite filament printing parts, resin or short fiber reinforced resin filament The addition of materials makes the parts have adjustable stiffness and better energy absorption characteristics. But at the same time, new pore defects are introduced, which leads to the degradation of interlaminar shear performance. For this reason, heat treatment is usually used in the industry to close the pores of the parts, so as to improve the interface bonding state and reduce the adverse effects of adding resin or short fiber reinforced resin filaments.
受限于上述现有连续纤维双喷头打印方案的打印路径和材料使用的特点，存在以下成形局限：Limited by the characteristics of the printing path and material usage of the existing continuous fiber dual-nozzle printing scheme, there are the following forming limitations:
①在打印路径中，较难实现连续纤维预浸渍丝材在空间分布上被树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材立体包覆，即不便于在制件纵向切面上均布连续纤维预浸渍丝材和树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材路径，从而难以充分释放短纤增强树脂部分在成形制件刚度调节和能量吸收特性的有益作用。①In the printing path, it is difficult to achieve three-dimensional coating of continuous fiber prepreg filaments by resin or short fiber reinforced resin filaments in the spatial distribution, that is, it is not convenient to uniformly distribute continuous fiber prepreg filaments and Resin or short fiber reinforced resin filament paths, making it difficult to fully release the beneficial effects of the short fiber reinforced resin portion in the stiffness adjustment and energy absorption properties of the shaped part.
②在热处理时，考虑树脂基体的温度特性会导致制件受热变形，降低制件整体的精度，因此热处理温度较低，孔隙弥合的效果不达预期。② During heat treatment, considering the temperature characteristics of the resin matrix will lead to thermal deformation of the part and reduce the overall precision of the part. Therefore, the heat treatment temperature is low and the effect of pore bridging is not as expected.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述问题，本发明公开了一种基于高、低温双材料空间分布的打印方法，目的是提供一种连续纤维双喷头打印空间路径生成方案，实现制件以连续纤维预浸渍丝材在空间分布上被树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材立体包覆的形式成形。并基于此通过采用高温树脂或短纤增强高温树脂丝材与连续纤维预浸渍低温树脂丝材协同打印，通过对定向热处理低温树脂的形式，在不影响制件整体精度的前提下，提升热处理效果，强化制件性能。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a printing method based on the spatial distribution of high and low temperature dual materials. The distribution is formed in the form of three-dimensional covering with resin or short fiber reinforced resin filaments. And based on this, by using high-temperature resin or short fiber reinforced high-temperature resin filament and continuous fiber pre-impregnated low-temperature resin filament to print together, through the form of directional heat treatment of low-temperature resin, without affecting the overall precision of the part, the heat treatment effect is improved. , Strengthen the performance of the parts.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme:
一种基于高、低温双材料空间分布的打印方法，包括的连续纤维双喷头打印空间路径生成方案为：A printing method based on high- and low-temperature dual-material spatial distribution, including a continuous fiber dual-nozzle printing spatial path generation scheme:
步骤1：设定打印宽度w、打印层厚t、打印壁厚l、填充单元体类型；Step 1: Set the printing width w, printing layer thickness t, printing wall thickness l, and filling unit type;
步骤2：以打印层厚t对目标制件进行水平切片，提取各层轮廓形状信息集{Ci}，各层轮廓内缩壁厚l，获得对应各层的填充域信息集{Ri}，以宽度w分割各层填充域{Ri}，最终将各切片层统一切分为由回形壁和若干矩形填充条构成的几何集{Mi}，其中各层所有矩形填充条构成的集合为填充体{Si}；Step 2: Slice the target workpiece horizontally with the printing layer thickness t, extract the contour shape information set {Ci} of each layer, and the shrinkage wall thickness l of the contour of each layer, and obtain the filling domain information set {Ri} corresponding to each layer, and Width w divides the filling domain {Ri} of each layer, and finally divides each slice layer into a geometric set {Mi} composed of a zigzag wall and a number of rectangular filling bars, and the set of all rectangular filling bars in each layer is the filling volume {Si};
步骤3：以选定的单元体类型对填充体{Si}以从上至下，从左至右的顺序进行填充；Step 3: Fill the infill volume {Si} from top to bottom and from left to right with the selected unit type;
步骤4：提取几何集{Mi}中的各几何形状的中心线均为一节打印路径，打印路径连接顺序为：单层是由外壁路径链接到填充域路径，其中填充域路径为由左至右顺序连接，将单层打印路径由底层至顶层顺序连接，形成目标制件整体打印路径；Step 4: Extract the center line of each geometric shape in the geometry set {Mi} as a printing path, and the connection sequence of the printing path is: the single layer is connected from the outer wall path to the filling domain path, and the filling domain path is from left to Right sequential connection, connecting the single-layer printing path from the bottom layer to the top layer sequentially to form the overall printing path of the target part;
步骤5：外壁路径标记为树脂或短纤增强树脂材质；步骤3中单元体中树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材和连续纤维预浸丝材部分分别标记到各自的打印路径中；步骤3中单元体无法对填充体{Si}填充的部分所对应的路径，标记为树脂或短纤增强树脂材质；至此完成所有打印路径材料的标记，即完成各节打印路径对应的打印头标记。Step 5: The outer wall path is marked as resin or short fiber reinforced resin material; in step 3, the resin or short fiber reinforced resin filament and continuous fiber prepreg filament in the unit body are respectively marked in their respective printing paths; in step 3, the unit The path corresponding to the part that cannot be filled by the filling body {Si} is marked as resin or short fiber reinforced resin material; so far, the marking of all printing path materials is completed, that is, the printing head marking corresponding to the printing path of each section is completed.
进一步的，所述的树脂或短纤增强树脂材质为高温树脂，连续纤维预浸丝材的树脂基体为低温树脂，且低温树脂热分解温度应高于高温树脂熔点。上述材材料的选择，可构建出由高温树脂构成的制件整体框架，并将连续纤维预浸渍丝材均匀包覆，在后处理中对连续纤维预浸渍丝材的低温树脂进行定向热处理，即可在不影响制件最终成形精度的情况下，弥合制件内孔隙，并提升连续纤维浸渍程度。Further, the resin or short fiber reinforced resin is made of high-temperature resin, the resin matrix of the continuous fiber prepreg is low-temperature resin, and the thermal decomposition temperature of the low-temperature resin should be higher than the melting point of the high-temperature resin. The selection of the above-mentioned materials can construct the overall frame of the part made of high-temperature resin, and evenly cover the continuous fiber pre-impregnated wire, and perform directional heat treatment on the low-temperature resin of the continuous fiber pre-impregnated wire in post-processing, that is It can bridge the internal pores of the part and improve the degree of continuous fiber impregnation without affecting the final forming accuracy of the part.
进一步的，所述的连续纤维双喷头打印空间路径生成方案中设定的填充单元体由步骤2所述的矩形填充条组成的矩形结构，每个矩形填充条标记有对应的材质，依据树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材和连续纤维预浸丝材分布的不同，单元体有三种设计结构：Further, the filling unit body set in the continuous fiber dual nozzle printing space path generation scheme is a rectangular structure composed of the rectangular filling strips described in step 2, and each rectangular filling strip is marked with a corresponding material, according to the resin or The distribution of short fiber reinforced resin filaments and continuous fiber prepreg filaments is different, and the unit body has three design structures:
①3×3单元体①3×3 unit body
第一层：低温、高温、低温，The first layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature,
第二层：高温、低温、高温，The second layer: high temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
第三层：低温、高温、低温；The third layer: low temperature, high temperature, low temperature;
对应的单元体中高/低温材料空间分布配比为4：5；The spatial distribution ratio of high/low temperature materials in the corresponding unit is 4:5;
②4×4单元体②4×4 unit body
第一层：低温、高温、高温、低温，The first layer: low temperature, high temperature, high temperature, low temperature,
第二层：高温、低温、低温、高温，The second layer: high temperature, low temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
第三层：高温、低温、低温、高温，The third layer: high temperature, low temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
第四层：低温、高温、高温、低温；The fourth layer: low temperature, high temperature, high temperature, low temperature;
对应的单元体中高/低温材料空间分布配比为5：5；The spatial distribution ratio of high/low temperature materials in the corresponding unit is 5:5;
③5×5单元体③5×5 unit body
第一层：低温、高温、高温、高温、低温，The first layer: low temperature, high temperature, high temperature, high temperature, low temperature,
第二层：高温、低温、低温、低温、高温，The second layer: high temperature, low temperature, low temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
第三层：高温、低温、高温、低温、高温，The third layer: high temperature, low temperature, high temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
第四层：高温、低温、低温、低温、高温，The fourth layer: high temperature, low temperature, low temperature, low temperature, high temperature,
第五层：低温、高温、高温、高温、低温。The fifth layer: low temperature, high temperature, high temperature, high temperature, low temperature.
对应的单元体中高/低温材料空间分布配比为13：12；The corresponding spatial distribution ratio of high/low temperature materials in the unit is 13:12;
上述三种设计单元体结构均可实现制件中连续纤维预浸渍丝材部分在空间分布上被树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材部分立体均匀包覆，即高/低温材料空间分布占比为50％，但对于制件形状及大小的适用性依次减弱。The above three design unit structures can realize the three-dimensional and uniform covering of the continuous fiber pre-impregnated wire part in the part by the resin or short fiber reinforced resin wire part in the spatial distribution, that is, the spatial distribution ratio of high/low temperature materials is 50% %, but the applicability to the shape and size of the workpiece is weakened in turn.
进一步的，打印完成后，对样件热处理温度范围设置在低温树脂熔点至高温树脂熔点之间，根据成形样件尺寸确定加热时间，加热时间至少为3小时。Further, after the printing is completed, the heat treatment temperature range of the sample is set between the melting point of the low-temperature resin and the melting point of the high-temperature resin, and the heating time is determined according to the size of the formed sample, and the heating time is at least 3 hours.
本发明的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
(1)提供一种连续纤维双喷头打印空间路径生成方案，通过填充单元体类型的设定，使得制件中连续纤维预浸渍丝材部分在空间分布上被树脂或短纤增强树脂丝材部分立体包覆，实现打印制件刚度、能量吸收性的性能均匀性调控；(1) Provide a continuous fiber dual-nozzle printing space path generation scheme, through the setting of the filling unit type, the continuous fiber pre-impregnated filament part in the part is replaced by the resin or short fiber reinforced resin filament part in the spatial distribution Three-dimensional encapsulation to realize the performance uniformity control of rigidity and energy absorption of printed parts;
(2)基于所提供一种连续纤维双喷头打印空间路径生成方案，协同打印高、低温树脂材料，形成制件的高温树脂框架，通过对打印制件中的低温树脂材质定向热处理，可实现在不影响制件最终成形精度的情况下，弥合制件内孔隙，优化界面结合效果，改善连续纤维浸渍程度，提升力学性能。(2) Based on the provided continuous fiber dual-nozzle printing space path generation scheme, high-temperature and low-temperature resin materials are printed cooperatively to form a high-temperature resin frame of the part. By directional heat treatment of the low-temperature resin material in the printed part, the Without affecting the final forming accuracy of the part, the internal pores of the part are bridged, the interface bonding effect is optimized, the impregnation degree of the continuous fiber is improved, and the mechanical properties are improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明中连续纤维双喷头打印空间路径生成方案涉及的三种设计结构单元体示意图：(a)3×3单元体，(b)4×4单元体，(c)5×5单元体。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of three design structural units involved in the continuous fiber dual-nozzle printing space path generation scheme in the present invention: (a) 3×3 unit, (b) 4×4 unit, (c) 5×5 unit body.
图2为本发明中连续纤维双喷头打印空间路径生成方案步骤2里对切片进行几何切分的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of geometrically segmenting slices in step 2 of the continuous fiber dual nozzle printing space path generation scheme in the present invention.
图3为本发明中连续纤维双喷头打印空间路径生成方案步骤2里填充体{Si}的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the filling body {Si} in step 2 of the spatial path generation scheme for continuous fiber dual nozzle printing in the present invention.
图4为本发明中连续纤维双喷头打印空间路径生成方案步骤4的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of step 4 of the spatial path generation scheme for continuous fiber dual-jet printing in the present invention.
图5为本发明中连续纤维双喷头打印空间路径生成方案步骤5的示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of step 5 of the spatial path generation scheme for continuous fiber dual-jet printing in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施方式，进一步阐明本发明，应理解下述具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。需要说明的是，下面描述中使用的词语“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“上”和“下”指的是附图中的方向，词语“内”和“外”分别指的是朝向或远离特定部件几何中心的方向。The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to the directions in the drawings, and the words "inner" and "outer ” refer to directions towards or away from the geometric center of a particular part, respectively.
目标制件为9×5×2.25mm的立方体，使用高温材料为短碳纤维增强PA66(尼龙66)复合材料丝材，低温材料为连续碳纤维增强HIPS(抗冲击级聚苯乙烯)预浸渍丝材。The target part is a cube of 9×5×2.25mm. The high-temperature material is short carbon fiber reinforced PA66 (nylon 66) composite wire, and the low-temperature material is continuous carbon fiber reinforced HIPS (impact grade polystyrene) pre-impregnated wire.
本实施例采用连续纤维双喷头打印空间路径生成方案为：In this embodiment, the printing space path generation scheme using continuous fiber dual nozzles is as follows:
步骤1：设定打印宽度w＝1mm、打印层厚t＝0.25mm、打印壁厚l＝1mm、填充单元体类型选择3×3单元体，如图1(a)；Step 1: Set the printing width w=1mm, the printing layer thickness t=0.25mm, the printing wall thickness l=1mm, and the filling unit type is selected as 3×3 unit body, as shown in Figure 1(a);
步骤2：以打印层厚t＝0.25mm对目标制件进行水平切片，提取各层轮廓形状信息集{Ci}，各层轮廓内缩壁厚l＝1mm、，获得对应各层的填充域信息集{Ri}，以宽度w＝1mm分割各层填充域{Ri}，最终将各切片层统一切分为由回形壁和若干矩形填充条构成的几何集{Mi}，其中各层所有矩形填充条构成的集合为填充体{Si}，如图2-3；Step 2: Slice the target workpiece horizontally with the printing layer thickness t=0.25mm, extract the contour shape information set {Ci} of each layer, and obtain the filling domain information corresponding to each layer Set {Ri}, divide the filling domain {Ri} of each layer with width w=1mm, and finally divide each slice layer into a geometric set {Mi} composed of a return-shaped wall and a number of rectangular filling bars, in which all rectangular The set of filling bars is the filling body {Si}, as shown in Figure 2-3;
步骤3：以选定的单元体类型对填充体{Si}以从上至下，从左至右的顺序进行填充；Step 3: Fill the infill volume {Si} from top to bottom and from left to right with the selected unit type;
步骤4：提取几何集{Mi}中的各几何形状的中心线均为一节打印路径，打印路径连接顺序为：单层是由外壁路径链接到填充域路径，其中填充域路径为由左至右顺序连接，将单层打印路径由底层至顶层顺序连接，形成目标制件整体打印路径，如图4；Step 4: Extract the center line of each geometric shape in the geometry set {Mi} as a printing path, and the connection sequence of the printing path is: the single layer is connected from the outer wall path to the filling domain path, and the filling domain path is from left to Right sequential connection, connect the single-layer printing path from the bottom layer to the top layer sequentially to form the overall printing path of the target part, as shown in Figure 4;
步骤5：外壁路径标记为短碳纤维增强HIPS(抗冲击级聚苯乙烯)材质；步骤3中单元体中短碳纤维增强PA66(尼龙66)部分和连续碳纤维增强HIPS(抗冲击级聚苯乙烯)预浸渍丝材部分分别标记到各自的打印路径中；步骤3中单元体无法对填充体{Si}填充的部分所对应的路径，标记为短碳纤维增强PA66(尼龙66)材质；至此完成所有打印路径材料的标记，即完成各节打印路径对应的打印头标记，如图5。Step 5: The outer wall path is marked with short carbon fiber reinforced HIPS (impact grade polystyrene) material; in step 3, the short carbon fiber reinforced PA66 (nylon 66) part and the continuous carbon fiber reinforced HIPS (impact grade polystyrene) pre The parts of the impregnated filaments are marked in their respective printing paths; the path corresponding to the part where the unit body cannot fill the filling body {Si} in step 3 is marked as short carbon fiber reinforced PA66 (nylon 66) material; so far all printing paths are completed The marking of the material is to complete the marking of the print head corresponding to the printing path of each section, as shown in Figure 5.
依据上述打印方案打印完成后，对制件进行热处理，参数设定为加热温度210℃，加热时间为3小时。After the printing is completed according to the above printing scheme, heat treatment is carried out on the workpiece. The parameters are set to a heating temperature of 210°C and a heating time of 3 hours.
本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述实施方式所公开的技术手段，还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。The technical means disclosed in the solutions of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310571470.2ACN116638751B (en) | 2023-05-20 | 2023-05-20 | Printing method based on high-temperature and low-temperature dual-material spatial distribution |
| LU507730ALU507730B1 (en) | 2023-05-20 | 2024-03-25 | A printing method based on the spatial distribution of high and low temperature dual material |
| PCT/CN2024/083443WO2024239787A1 (en) | 2023-05-20 | 2024-03-25 | Printing method based on high-temperature and low-temperature bi-material spatial distribution |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310571470.2ACN116638751B (en) | 2023-05-20 | 2023-05-20 | Printing method based on high-temperature and low-temperature dual-material spatial distribution |
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| CN116638751Atrue CN116638751A (en) | 2023-08-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202310571470.2AActiveCN116638751B (en) | 2023-05-20 | 2023-05-20 | Printing method based on high-temperature and low-temperature dual-material spatial distribution |
| Country | Link |
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| LU (1) | LU507730B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024239787A1 (en) |
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