技术领域technical field
本申请涉及电子投票技术领域，具体涉及量子投票技术，尤其涉及量子投票处理方法、系统、计票器及量子计算机。The present application relates to the technical field of electronic voting, in particular to quantum voting technology, especially to a quantum voting processing method, system, vote counter and quantum computer.
背景技术Background technique
通常电子投票是指投票者通过数字系统完成投票，而不是在纸上投票。电子投票的安全性和公平性一直是学术界研究的重点。随着量子信息技术的发展，量子投票逐渐成为学术界的研究热点。在此前的一种量子投票机制中已证明使用量子信息来表示选票，可使投票机制突破阿罗不可能定理(Arrow′s impossibility theorem)的限制，可得到更为公正的投票。但是，该量子投票机制的设计在算法上复杂度高，因而操作难度高，该量子投票机制较难实现。Usually electronic voting means that voters complete their votes through a digital system instead of voting on paper. The security and fairness of electronic voting have always been the focus of academic research. With the development of quantum information technology, quantum voting has gradually become a research hotspot in academia. In a previous quantum voting mechanism, it has been proved that the use of quantum information to represent votes can make the voting mechanism break through the limitation of Arrow's impossibility theorem (Arrow's impossibility theorem), and a more fair vote can be obtained. However, the design of the quantum voting mechanism is highly complex in algorithm, so the operation is difficult, and the quantum voting mechanism is difficult to realize.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种量子投票处理方法、系统、计票器、计算机可读存储介质及计算机程序产品，用于解决至少一种技术问题。In view of this, embodiments of the present application provide a quantum voting processing method, system, vote counter, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product, which are used to solve at least one technical problem.
本申请实施例提供一种量子投票处理方法，包括：The embodiment of this application provides a quantum voting processing method, including:
接收多个投票者对提案投出的多个选票，所述多个选票均表示为d维希尔伯特空间上的密度算子，其中，d为整数；receiving a plurality of votes cast by a plurality of voters on the proposal, the plurality of votes are all expressed as a density operator on the d-dimensional Hilbert space, where d is an integer;
对所述多个选票进行量子合取运算；performing a quantum conjunction operation on the plurality of votes;
对量子合取运算所得到的量子态进行第一次基测量，得到第一测量结果k，k为整数且k∈{0，...，d-1}；Carry out the first basic measurement on the quantum state obtained by the quantum conjunction operation, and obtain the first measurement result k, where k is an integer and k∈{0,...,d-1};
根据所述第一测量结果k，制备量子态，该量子态是0态和1态的叠加，处于0态与处于1态的比例是k/(d-1)-k；According to the first measurement result k, a quantum state is prepared, the quantum state is a superposition of a 0 state and a 1 state, and the ratio of being in the 0 state to being in the 1 state is k/(d-1)-k;
对制备的量子态进行第二次基测量，得到第二测量结果；Carrying out a second base measurement on the prepared quantum state to obtain a second measurement result;
根据所述第二测量结果，判断提案是否通过。According to the second measurement result, it is judged whether the proposal is passed.
可选地，所述第一次基测量为计算基{|0>，...，|d-1)}测量。Optionally, the first base measurement is a calculation base {|0>, . . . , |d-1)} measurement.
可选地，所述第二次基测量为计算基{|0>，|1>}测量。Optionally, the second base measurement is a calculation base {|0>, |1>} measurement.
可选地，根据所述第二测量结果，判断提案是否通过包括：若所述第二测量结果为1，则确定提案通过，若所述第二测量结果为0，则确定提案不通过。Optionally, judging whether the proposal is passed according to the second measurement result includes: if the second measurement result is 1, determining that the proposal is passed; if the second measurement result is 0, determining that the proposal is not passed.
可选地，所述提案通过的概率为两次测量中提案通过的概率之和，所述提案不通过的概率为两次测量中提案不通过的概率之和。Optionally, the probability that the proposal is passed is the sum of the probabilities that the proposal is passed in the two measurements, and the probability that the proposal is not passed is the sum of the probabilities that the proposal is not passed in the two measurements.
可选地，当存在一个投票者的选票是|0>时，所述提案通过的概率是0，其中，投票者投出|0>代表完全反对所述提案。Optionally, when there is a voter whose vote is |0>, the probability of passing the proposal is 0, where a voter casts |0> to represent complete opposition to the proposal.
可选地，在全部投票者的选票均为|d-1>的情况下，所述提案通过的概率是1，其中，投票者投出|d-1>代表完全同意所述提案。Optionally, when all votes of all voters are |d-1>, the probability of passing the proposal is 1, where a voter casts |d-1> to fully agree with the proposal.
可选地，当全部投票者的选票均为|k>时，所述提案通过的概率是Optionally, when the votes of all voters are |k>, the probability of passing the proposal is
本申请实施例还提供一种量子投票处理系统，包括：The embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum voting processing system, including:
接收模块，用于接收多个投票者对提案投出的多个选票，所述多个选票均表示为d维希尔伯特空间上的密度算子，其中，d为整数；The receiving module is configured to receive a plurality of votes cast by a plurality of voters on the proposal, and the plurality of votes are all represented as density operators on the d-dimensional Hilbert space, where d is an integer;
量子合取运算模块，用于对所述多个选票进行量子合取运算；A quantum conjunction operation module, configured to perform a quantum conjunction operation on the plurality of votes;
第一测量模块，用于对量子合取运算所得到的量子态进行第一次基测量，得到第一测量结果k，k为整数且k∈{0，...，d-1}；The first measurement module is used to perform the first basic measurement on the quantum state obtained by the quantum conjunction operation, and obtain the first measurement result k, where k is an integer and k∈{0,...,d-1};
制备模块，用于根据所述第一测量结果k，制备量子态，其中，该量子态是0态和1态的叠加，处于0态与处于1态的比例是k/(d-1)-k；The preparation module is used to prepare a quantum state according to the first measurement result k, wherein the quantum state is a superposition of the 0 state and the 1 state, and the ratio of being in the 0 state to being in the 1 state is k/(d-1)- k;
第二测量模块，用于对制备的量子态进行第二次基测量，得到第二测量结果；The second measurement module is used to perform a second basic measurement on the prepared quantum state to obtain a second measurement result;
判断模块，用于根据所述第二测量结果，判断提案是否通过。A judging module, configured to judge whether the proposal is passed according to the second measurement result.
本申请实施例还提供一种计票器，其包括量子计算设备，所述量子计算设备包括量子处理器以及存储于存储器并可在所述量子处理器上运行的计算机指令，所述量子处理器运行所述计算机指令时执行如上所述的方法。The embodiment of the present application also provides a ticket counter, which includes a quantum computing device, the quantum computing device includes a quantum processor and computer instructions stored in a memory and operable on the quantum processor, the quantum processor A method as described above is performed when said computer instructions are executed.
可选地，所述量子计算设备能够执行至少3个量子态的Toffoli门操作。Optionally, the quantum computing device is capable of performing Toffoli gate operations for at least 3 quantum states.
本申请实施例还提供一种量子计算机，其包括量子处理器以及存储于存储器并可在所述量子处理器上运行的计算机指令，所述量子处理器运行所述计算机指令时执行如上所述的方法。An embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum computer, which includes a quantum processor and computer instructions stored in a memory and operable on the quantum processor. When the quantum processor runs the computer instructions, it executes the above-mentioned method.
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机指令，所述计算机指令用于使计算机执行如上所述的方法。An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to cause a computer to execute the above method.
与现有技术相比，本申请实施例提供的量子投票处理方法、系统、计票器及量子计算机在算法上更为简单以及操作上更易于实现的量子投票机制，可为投票者提供更多表达不同投票态度的方式，能够更准确直接的表达投票者的态度，使投票过程和结果更贴近投票者的真实意愿。本申请的实施例对投票者的选票先后进行两次计算基测量的操作，两次测量相互关联，最终确定投票结果，整个操作过程中不包含复杂的数学过程，物理上亦较容易实现，使得在量子投票领域中对量子选票的可操作水平得到提升，优化效果显著。此外本申请实施例还尤其适用于设置有一票否决机制的投票场景。利用本申请可帮助推动量子投票技术更快更好的从研究走向应用。Compared with the prior art, the quantum voting processing method, system, vote counter and quantum computer provided by the embodiment of the present application are simpler in algorithm and a quantum voting mechanism that is easier to implement in operation, which can provide voters with more The way of expressing different voting attitudes can more accurately and directly express the attitudes of voters, making the voting process and results closer to the true wishes of voters. In the embodiment of the present application, the voter's ballots are calculated and measured twice successively. The two measurements are related to each other, and the voting result is finally determined. The whole operation process does not include complicated mathematical processes, and it is also relatively easy to implement physically, so that In the field of quantum voting, the operational level of quantum voting has been improved, and the optimization effect is remarkable. In addition, the embodiment of the present application is especially applicable to a voting scenario where a veto mechanism is set. Utilizing this application can help promote the quantum voting technology from research to application faster and better.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，以下对本申请实施例中的附图作简单介绍。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
图1是本申请实施例的量子投票处理方法的流程框图。Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a quantum voting processing method according to an embodiment of the present application.
图2是本申请实施例的量子投票处理系统的结构框图。Fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of a quantum voting processing system according to an embodiment of the present application.
图3是实现本申请实施例的量子投票处理方法的电子设备的示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device implementing the quantum voting processing method of the embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下将参考若干示例性实施方式来描述本申请的原理和精神。应当理解，提供这些实施方式的目的是为了使本申请的原理和精神更加清楚和透彻，使本领域技术人员能够更好地理解进而实现本申请的原理和精神。本文中提供的示例性实施方式仅是本申请的一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本文中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本申请保护的范围。The principle and spirit of the present application will be described below with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the principle and spirit of the present application more clear and thorough, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and realize the principle and spirit of the present application. The exemplary implementations provided herein are only some of the implementations of the present application, but not all of the implementations. Based on the implementation manners herein, all other implementation manners obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present application.
本领域技术人员知晓，本申请的实施方式可以实现为一种系统、装置、计算设备、方法、计算机可读存储介质或计算机程序产品。因此，本公开可以具体实现为以下至少一种形式：完全的硬件、完全的软件，或者硬件与软件结合的形式。根据本申请的实施方式，本申请请求保护一种量子投票处理方法、装置、计票器、计算机可读存储介质及计算机程序产品。Those skilled in the art know that the embodiments of the present application may be realized as a system, device, computing device, method, computer-readable storage medium or computer program product. Therefore, the present disclosure can be embodied in at least one of the following forms: complete hardware, complete software, or a combination of hardware and software. According to the implementation mode of the application, the application requests protection of a quantum voting processing method, device, vote counter, computer readable storage medium and computer program product.
在本文中，诸如第一、第二、第三之类的用语，仅用来将一个实体(或操作)与另一个实体(或操作)区分开来，而不在于要求或暗示这些实体(或操作)之间存在任何顺序或关联。In this article, terms such as first, second, and third are only used to distinguish one entity (or operation) from another entity (or operation), and are not intended to require or imply that these entities (or operations) operations) in any order or relationship.
在详细描述本申请实施例的量子投票机制之前，以下对本申请实施例中可能涉及的概念和技术术语等相关内容进行简要描述。Before describing the quantum voting mechanism of the embodiment of the present application in detail, the following briefly describes the concepts, technical terms and other related content that may be involved in the embodiment of the present application.
(一)希尔伯特空间(1) Hilbert space
一个量子系统在数学上可由一个希尔伯特空间表示，一个量子系统的状态可由希尔伯特空间里的向量表示。简单来讲，一个希尔伯特空间表示一个带标量积运算的复向量空间。具体地，一个有穷维希尔伯特空间H是：A quantum system can be represented mathematically by a Hilbert space, and the state of a quantum system can be represented by a vector in the Hilbert space. In simple terms, a Hilbert space represents a complex vector space with a scalar product operation. Specifically, a finite-dimensional Hilbert space H is:
(1)一个复向量空间，也就是，对于任意以及任意/>都有其中/>表示复数的集合；(1) A complex vector space, that is, for any and any /> have where /> represents a collection of complex numbers;
(2)带标量积运算<·|·>：使得对任意/>以及任意/>均有：(2) Operation with scalar product <·|·>: makes for any /> and any /> Both have:
(2.1)(2.1)
(2.2)<φ|φ>≥0；(2.2)<φ|φ>≥0;
(2.3)<φ|φ>＝0当且仅当φ＝0；(2.3)<φ|φ>=0 if and only if φ=0;
(2.4)(φ|aψ+bχ>＝a<φ|ψ>+b<φ|χ>。(2.4) (φ|aψ+bχ>=a<φ|ψ>+b<φ|χ>.
其中，狄拉克记号|φ>表示向量，||φ||表示|φ>的范数，且范数为1的向量称为单位向量。where the Dirac notation |φ> represents a vector, ||φ|| represents the norm of |φ>, and A vector with norm 1 is called a unit vector.
(二)正交基(2) Orthogonal basis
关于正交基，一个希尔伯特空间H的一个正交基是一个两两正交的单位向量集合{|φi>}，其中，对于任意|φi>、|φj>，都有<φi|φj>＝0，且<φi|φi>＝1。Regarding the orthogonal basis, an orthogonal basis of a Hilbert space H is a pairwise orthogonal unit vector set {|φi >}, where, for any |φi >, |φj >, there are <φi |φj >=0, and <φi |φi >=1.
举例来说，量子比特的计算基是由|0>和|1>组成的正交基。量子比特(qubit)是量子信息的基本单位，正如比特是经典信息的基本单位。量子比特作为一个物理系统在数学上可由2维希尔伯特空间表示。For example, the computational basis of a qubit is an orthogonal basis composed of |0> and |1>. A quantum bit (qubit) is the basic unit of quantum information, just as a bit is the basic unit of classical information. As a physical system, the qubit can be mathematically represented by the 2-dimensional Hilbert space express.
进一步地，一个d维量子多比特作为一个物理系统在数学上可由d维希尔伯特空间表示。一个d维希尔伯特空间的计算基可由|0>，|1>，…，|k>，…，|d-1>组成，其中|k>是一个列向量，第k+1行是1，其他行均为0，k为整数。本申请实施例中需要用到量子多比特。Furthermore, a d-dimensional quantum multibit as a physical system can be mathematically represented by the d-dimensional Hilbert space express. The calculation basis of a d-dimensional Hilbert space can be composed of |0>, |1>, ..., |k>, ..., |d-1>, where |k> is a column vector, and the k+1th row is 1, other rows are all 0, and k is an integer. Quantum multi-bits are required in the embodiment of this application.
对于希尔伯特空间H上的向量|φ>，它的对偶<φ|是一个从H到复数集的函数，其作用方式是将|ψ>∈H映射成<φ|ψ>，<φ|可以看做是|φ>的转置共轭。也即，若/>则/>其中c1，…，cn是复数，/>表示它们的共轭。For a vector |φ> on Hilbert space H, its dual <φ| is a set of complex numbers from H to The function of , its function is to map |ψ>∈H to <φ|ψ>, and <φ| can be regarded as the transpose conjugate of |φ>. That is, if /> Then /> where c1 , ..., cn are complex numbers, /> represent their conjugates.
例如，常用的量子比特状态有：|0>和|1>，其中则<1|＝[0 1]，可得/>For example, commonly used qubit states are: |0> and |1>, where Then <1|=[0 1], we can get />
(三)张量积(3) Tensor product
多个量子比特形成的系统可由单个量子比特的张量积来表示。若给定向量它们的张量积为：/>例如，|0>和|1>的张量积为：/>为简便，通常可将/>记作|a,b>。A system of multiple qubits can be represented by the tensor product of individual qubits. If a given vector Their tensor product is: /> For example, the tensor product of |0> and |1> is: /> For simplicity, the /> can usually be Write |a,b>.
对于矩阵的张量积运算，示例如下：For the tensor product operation of matrices, an example is as follows:
通常，|0>和|1>是量子比特的两个常用的纯态，更一般地，量子比特的混合态在数学上可由密度算子来表示。密度算子的定义较为复杂，以下先介绍与其相关的算子、伴随、投影、轨迹等概念。Usually, |0> and |1> are two commonly used pure states of qubits, and more generally, mixed states of qubits can be expressed mathematically by density operators. The definition of the density operator is relatively complicated, and the concepts related to it, such as operators, adjoints, projections, and trajectories, are first introduced below.
(四)算子(4) operator
一个希尔伯特空间H上的算子是一个从H到H的线性映射。具体地，若H是个n维希尔伯特空间，则每一个n×n矩阵都是H上的算子，例如是/>上的算子。An operator on a Hilbert space H is a linear map from H to H. Specifically, if H is an n-dimensional Hilbert space, each n×n matrix is an operator on H, for example yes /> on the operator.
(五)伴随(5) accompanying
若给定一个希尔伯特空间H上的算子A，它的伴随A*是一个满足如下条件的H上的算子：Given an operator A on Hilbert space H, its adjoint A* is an operator on H that satisfies the following conditions:
对任意都有<A*φ|ψ>＝<φ|Aψ>。to any All have<A * φ|ψ> =<φ|Aψ>.
(六)投影(6) Projection
一个希尔伯特空间H上的投影P，是一个满足如下条件的算子：A projection P on a Hilbert space H is an operator that satisfies the following conditions:
PP＝P并且P＝P*。PP=P and P=P* .
(七)轨迹(7) Trajectory
若给定一个希尔伯特空间H上的算子A，其轨迹Tr(A)由如下方式计算：Given an operator A on Hilbert space H, its trajectory Tr(A) is calculated as follows:
Tr(A)＝∑i<i|A|i>，其中{|i>}是H的一个正交基。Tr(A)=∑i <i|A|i>, where {|i>} is an orthogonal basis of H.
基于上述的概念，以下定义半正定算子和密度算子。Based on the above concepts, the positive semi-definite operator and the density operator are defined below.
(八)半正定算子(8) Positive semi-definite operator
对于一个希尔伯特空间H上的算子A，当以下条件满足时，A是个半正定算子：For an operator A on a Hilbert space H, A is a positive semidefinite operator when the following conditions are met:
存在H上的算子B使得A＝B*B。There exists an operator B on H such that A=B*B.
(九)密度算子(9) Density operator
对于一个希尔伯特空间H上的半正定算子A，当以下条件满足时，A是个密度算子：For a positive semi-definite operator A on a Hilbert space H, A is a density operator when the following conditions are met:
A＝A*并且Tr(A)＝1。A=A* and Tr(A)=1.
例如，和/>都是密度算子。事实上，对任何一个单位向量|v>，|v><v|都是一个密度算子。For example, and /> are density operators. In fact, for any unit vector |v>, |v><v| is a density operator.
(十)Toffoli门(10) Toffoli door
d维希尔伯特空间上的Toffoli门是个希尔伯特空间上的算子，其计算方式如下：A Toffoli gate on a d-dimensional Hilbert space is a Hilbert space The operator on is calculated as follows:
其中，xi∈{0，...，d-1}，min表示求最小值，表示模为d的加法运算。Among them, xi ∈ {0,...,d-1}, min means seeking the minimum value, Represents the addition operation modulo d.
例如，若d＝3，|x1>＝|0>，|x2>＝|1>，|x3>＝|2>，则：For example, if d=3, |x1 >=|0>, |x2 >=|1>, |x3 >=|2>, then:
(十一)量子合取运算(11) Quantum conjunction operation
利用Toffoli门，定义量子合取运算，具体如下：Using the Toffoli gate, define the quantum conjunction operation, as follows:
其中，ρ、σ是d维希尔伯特空间上的密度算子，Tr1，2表示作用于第一个和第二个量子比特上的偏轨迹运算，简单的说，也就是，抛弃第一个和第二个量子比特，同时对第三个量子比特不做任何改变。以下举例进行说明。Among them, ρ and σ are the density operators on the d-dimensional Hilbert space, and Tr1, 2 represent the off-track operation acting on the first and second qubits. Simply put, that is, discarding the first One and the second qubit, while making no changes to the third qubit. The following examples illustrate.
例如，若则，For example, if but,
能够理解，量子合取运算可扩展到多个量子比特，可表示为：It can be understood that the quantum conjunction operation can be extended to multiple qubits, which can be expressed as:
本申请的量子投票机制中涉及量子合取运算的操作。The quantum voting mechanism of this application involves the operation of quantum conjunction operation.
进一步地，本申请实施例设计的量子投票机制还对量子比特进行计算基测量。例如，对量子态ρ进行计算基{|0>，...，|d-1>}测量，得到结果k的概率是<k|ρ|k>，k为0至d-1之间的任意整数，即k∈{0，...，d-1}。Furthermore, the quantum voting mechanism designed in the embodiment of the present application also performs computation-based measurements on qubits. For example, the calculation basis {|0>, ..., |d-1>} is measured on the quantum state ρ, and the probability of obtaining the result k is <k|ρ|k>, where k is between 0 and d-1 Any integer, i.e. k ∈ {0,...,d-1}.
图1示出了本申请实施例的量子投票处理方法的流程示意图，该方法包括以下步骤：Fig. 1 shows a schematic flow chart of the quantum voting processing method of the embodiment of the present application, the method includes the following steps:
S101：接收多个投票者对提案投出的多个选票，所述多个选票均表示为d维希尔伯特空间上的密度算子，其中，d为整数；S101: Receive multiple votes from multiple voters for the proposal, the multiple votes are expressed as density operators on d-dimensional Hilbert space, where d is an integer;
S102：对所述多个选票进行量子合取运算；S102: Perform quantum conjunction operation on the plurality of votes;
S103：对量子合取运算所得到的量子态进行第一次基测量，得到第一测量结果k，k为整数且k∈{0，...，d-1}；S103: Perform the first basic measurement on the quantum state obtained by the quantum conjunction operation, and obtain the first measurement result k, where k is an integer and k∈{0,...,d-1};
S104：根据所述第一测量结果k，制备量子态，制备的量子态是0态和1态的叠加，处于0态与处于1态的比例是k/(d-1)-k；S104: Prepare a quantum state according to the first measurement result k, the prepared quantum state is a superposition of a 0 state and a 1 state, and the ratio of being in the 0 state to being in the 1 state is k/(d-1)-k;
S105：对制备的量子态进行第二次基测量，得到第二测量结果；S105: Perform a second basis measurement on the prepared quantum state to obtain a second measurement result;
S106：根据所述第二测量结果，判断提案是否通过。S106: Determine whether the proposal is passed according to the second measurement result.
按照本申请的实施例，在量子投票中，投票者以密度算子的形式投出自己的选票，例如假设d＝6，选票为|0>可代表投票者对提案的态度是“完全反对”，选票为|d-1>＝|5>可代表投票者对提案的态度是“完全同意”，选票为可代表投票者对提案的态度是“一半同意、一半反对”。According to the embodiment of this application, in quantum voting, voters cast their votes in the form of density operators, for example, assuming d=6, the vote is |0> which can represent the voter's attitude towards the proposal is "completely opposed" , the vote is |d-1>=|5>, which means that the attitude of the voter to the proposal is "totally agree", and the vote is The attitude of the representative voters towards the proposal is "half agree, half oppose".
计票器接收到多个选票后，先对多个选票进行量子合取运算，然后对量子合取运算的结果先后进行两次计算基测量，两次计算基测量的操作是相互关联的。After the vote counter receives multiple ballots, it first performs a quantum union operation on the multiple ballots, and then performs two calculation-based measurements on the results of the quantum union operation. The operations of the two calculation-based measurements are interrelated.
具体来看，第一次基测量后可得到第一测量结果，第一测量结果可为一随机数，可将该随机数记为k，k的取值范围为k∈{0，...，d-1}，k为整数；然后利用k可制备一量子态，制备的量子态是0态和1态的叠加，处于0态与处于1态的比例是k/(d-1)-k；对制备的量子态进行第二次基测量，可得到第二测量结果，根据第二测量结果可判断提案是否通过。Specifically, the first measurement result can be obtained after the first basic measurement, and the first measurement result can be a random number, which can be recorded as k, and the value range of k is k∈{0,... , d-1}, k is an integer; then use k to prepare a quantum state, the prepared quantum state is the superposition of 0 state and 1 state, the ratio of being in 0 state and being in 1 state is k/(d-1)- k; Carry out a second basic measurement on the prepared quantum state to obtain a second measurement result, and judge whether the proposal is passed or not according to the second measurement result.
利用本申请实施例描述的量子投票机制，进行量子投票，具有诸多优点和便利。首先，可为投票者提供更多表达不同投票态度的方式，即除去“完全同意”、“完全反对”这两种经典态度之外，还可以投出例如“同意、/>反对”的态度，当然还可以投出“/>同意、/>反对”等等的态度，能够更准确直接的表达投票者的态度，使投票过程和结果更贴近投票者的真实意愿。Using the quantum voting mechanism described in the embodiment of this application to perform quantum voting has many advantages and conveniences. First of all, voters can be provided with more ways to express different voting attitudes, that is, in addition to the two classic attitudes of "totally agree" and "totally disagree", you can also vote for example " Agree, /> Oppose" attitude, of course, you can also vote "/> Agree, /> Opposition” and other attitudes can more accurately and directly express voters’ attitudes, making the voting process and results closer to voters’ true wishes.
进一步，对投票者的选票先后进行两次计算基测量的操作，两次测量相互关联，即第一次测量生成一随机数，基于该随机数制备量子态，第二次测量该量子态，确定投票结果。上述操作中不包含复杂难解的数学过程，物理上亦较容易实现，实际上对于量子投票领域中量子选票的可操作水平取得了相当程度的提升，优化效果显著。Further, the voter’s ballot is calculated twice successively. The two measurements are related to each other. That is, the first measurement generates a random number, and the quantum state is prepared based on the random number. The second measurement of the quantum state determines the Voting results. The above operations do not involve complex and difficult mathematical processes, and are relatively easy to implement physically. In fact, the operational level of quantum votes in the field of quantum voting has been improved to a considerable extent, and the optimization effect is remarkable.
作为一种示例，根据所述第一测量结果k制备的量子态，可采用如下表达式表达：As an example, the quantum state prepared according to the first measurement result k can be expressed by the following expression:
作为一种示例，根据所述第二测量结果，判断提案是否通过，可包括以下两种情况：若所述第二测量结果为1，则确定提案通过；若所述第二测量结果为0，则确定提案不通过。As an example, judging whether the proposal is passed according to the second measurement result may include the following two situations: if the second measurement result is 1, it is determined that the proposal is passed; if the second measurement result is 0, Then it is determined that the proposal is not passed.
附加地，根据量子态的表达式含义可知，第二次测量时测量结果为1的概率是测量结果为0的概率是/>Additionally, according to the meaning of the expression of the quantum state, the probability of the measurement result being 1 in the second measurement is The probability of the measurement being 0 is />
为便于进一步理解，作为一个示例，对于一个待投票提案，假设有m个投票者(可记为{v1，…，vm})，以及一台计票器。For the convenience of further understanding, as an example, for a proposal to be voted, it is assumed that there are m voters (recorded as {v1 ,...,vm }) and a vote counter.
利用本申请实施例的量子投票处理方法，每一个投票者可使用d维希尔伯特空间上的密度算子表示自己投出的选票，m个选票可记为ρ1，…，ρm。这里d可以是任意整数，例如取d＝5、d＝9或d＝17等等。Using the quantum voting processing method of the embodiment of the present application, each voter can use the density operator on the d-dimensional Hilbert space to represent the votes cast by himself, and the m votes can be recorded as ρ1 ,..., ρm . Here d can be any integer, for example, d=5, d=9 or d=17 and so on.
投票时，每一个投票者均将自身选票发送给计票器。When voting, each voter sends his or her vote to the counter.
可选地，计票器可采用小型量子计算设备，例如采用可执行至少3个量子态的Toffoli门的量子计算设备作为计票器。Optionally, the ticket counter can use a small quantum computing device, for example, a quantum computing device that can implement a Toffoli gate with at least 3 quantum states as the ticket counter.
计票器接收到选票后，对各个选票ρ1，…，ρm先进行量子合取运算，得到然后进行计算基测量，如下：After the ballot counter receives the ballots, it performs quantum conjunction operation on each ballot ρ1 ,..., ρm to get Then calculate the base measurement, as follows:
A.计票器对进行计算基{|0>，…，|d-1>}测量(此为第一次测量)；A. Ticket counter pair Make calculation basis {|0>, ..., |d-1>} measurement (this is the first measurement);
B.得到测量结果|k>，并对应得到随机数k，则计票器制备量子态并对制备的量子态进行计算基{|0>，|1>}测量(此为第二次测量)，其中k∈{0，...，d-1}；B. Obtain the measurement result |k>, and get the corresponding random number k, then the ticket counter prepares the quantum state And carry out calculation basis {|0>, |1>} measurement on the prepared quantum state (this is the second measurement), where k∈{0,...,d-1};
C.若测量结果为1，则提案通过；C. If the measurement result is 1, the proposal is passed;
D.若测量结果为0，则提案不通过。D. If the measurement result is 0, the proposal is not passed.
可以看到，根据本申请实施例设计的量子投票机制，第一次测量的结果决定了生成什么样的随机数，第二次测量的结果决定了投票的结果。It can be seen that according to the quantum voting mechanism designed in the embodiment of the present application, the result of the first measurement determines what kind of random number is generated, and the result of the second measurement determines the result of the voting.
换句话说，若第一次测量结果为|k>，则可得到k，k与|k>相对应，k为得到测量结果为|k>的概率，k本质上为随机数；第一次测量之后，计票器制备量子态并进行第二次测量即{|0>，|1>}测量，那么只可能得到两个结果：0或者1，并且，测量结果为0的概率是/>代表提案不通过；测量结果为1的概率是/>代表提案通过。In other words, if the first measurement result is |k>, then k can be obtained, k corresponds to |k>, k is the probability of obtaining the measurement result of |k>, and k is essentially a random number; the first time After the measurement, the ticket counter prepares the quantum state And carry out the second measurement, namely {|0>, |1>} measurement, then only two results can be obtained: 0 or 1, and the probability of the measurement result being 0 is /> Indicates that the proposal failed; the probability of measuring 1 is /> On behalf of the proposal passed.
此外，还可通过计算得到提案通过的概率，为两次测量中提案通过的概率之和，类似地，还可计算提案不通过的概率，为两次测量中提案不通过的概率之和。In addition, the probability of passing the proposal can also be calculated, which is the sum of the probabilities of passing the proposal in the two measurements. Similarly, the probability of failing the proposal can also be calculated, which is the sum of the probabilities of passing the proposal in the two measurements.
基于前文内容，在本申请实施例的量子投票机制中，若给定量子多比特的维度d，投票者可使用一个量子多比特来表示投出的选票，例如|d-1>态的选票表示完全支持，|0>态的选票表示完全反对，且越接近|d-1>态的选票表示越支持，越接近|0>态的选票表示越反对，处于|k>态的选票表示支持度为其中k∈{0，...，d-1}。Based on the above content, in the quantum voting mechanism of the embodiment of this application, if the dimension d of the quantum multibit is given, the voter can use a quantum multibit to represent the vote cast, for example, the vote representation of |d-1> state Complete support, votes in |0> state indicate complete opposition, and votes closer to |d-1> state indicate more support, votes closer to |0> state indicate more opposition, votes in |k> state indicate support for where k ∈ {0,...,d−1}.
换句话说，本申请实施例的量子投票机制还具有如下特点：In other words, the quantum voting mechanism of the embodiment of this application also has the following characteristics:
1)量子合取运算时只要包含一个|0>态，则量子合取运算的结果为0，也就是，当存在一个投票者的选票是|0>时，提案通过的概率是0。因此，本申请实施例的量子投票机制属于一票否决制的投票。1) As long as a |0> state is included in the quantum conjunction operation, the result of the quantum conjunction operation is 0, that is, when there is a voter whose vote is |0>, the probability of passing the proposal is 0. Therefore, the quantum voting mechanism in the embodiment of the present application belongs to the voting of one-vote veto system.
2)量子合取运算时仅当每项均为|d-1>态时，量子合取运算的结果为1，因此，只有在所有投票者的选票都是|d-1>的情况下，提案通过的概率才是1，其中投票者投出|d-1>代表其对提案完全同意。2) The result of quantum conjunction operation is 1 only when each item is in |d-1> state during quantum conjunction operation. Therefore, only when the votes of all voters are |d-1>, The probability of passing the proposal is 1, where voters cast |d-1> to represent that they fully agree with the proposal.
3)当所有投票者的选票都是|k>时，提案通过的概率是3) When the votes of all voters are |k>, the probability of passing the proposal is
还应当说明，本申请中的量子合取运算其直观来自于模糊逻辑里的最小值合取。在模糊逻辑中，如果命题p和命题q的真值度分别是x，y∈[0，1]，那么p∧q的真值是min{x，y}，其中∧表示最小值合取。基于此，可确保本申请实施例设计的量子投票机制相比已有的量子投票机制更为合理，可理解为，假设有n个投票人，每个投票人都希望提案通过的概率是p，那么按照已有的量子投票机制处理，该提案通过的概率是pn，该结果与投票者的直观需求显然并不相符。与此不同，在本申请设计的量子投票中，如果每个投票人都希望提案通过的概率是p，那么投票结果为该提案通过的概率为p，投票结果与投票者的真实需求相符合，投票结果更合理准确。It should also be noted that the intuition of the quantum conjunction operation in this application comes from the minimum conjunction in fuzzy logic. In fuzzy logic, if the truth degrees of proposition p and proposition q are x, y ∈ [0, 1] respectively, then the truth value of p∧q is min{x, y}, where ∧ represents the minimum conjunction. Based on this, it can be ensured that the quantum voting mechanism designed in the embodiment of this application is more reasonable than the existing quantum voting mechanism. It can be understood that, assuming that there are n voters, the probability that each voter wants the proposal to pass is p, Then, according to the existing quantum voting mechanism, the probability of passing the proposal is pn, which obviously does not match the intuitive needs of voters. Different from this, in the quantum voting designed in this application, if each voter hopes that the probability of passing the proposal is p, then the voting result is that the probability of passing the proposal is p, and the voting result is in line with the real needs of the voters. The voting results are more reasonable and accurate.
以上通过多个实施例描述了本申请实施例的量子投票处理方法的实现方式以及带来的优势。以下结合具体的例子，详细描述本申请实施例的具体处理过程。The above describes the implementation of the quantum voting processing method in the embodiment of the present application and the advantages brought by it through multiple embodiments. The specific processing process of the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below in combination with specific examples.
本申请实施例的适用场景包括具有一票否决机制的投票场景，以及某个或某些投票者具有一票否决权的投票场景，例如在人事考核中设置有一票否决机制，最高决策者具有一票否决权。The applicable scenarios of the embodiments of the present application include voting scenarios with a one-vote veto mechanism, and voting scenarios in which one or some voters have one-vote veto power, for example, a one-vote veto mechanism is set in the personnel assessment, and the highest decision maker has a one-vote veto power. veto power.
以下以两个投票人进行量子投票为示例，描述本申请实施例的量子投票机制及量子投票处理的操作过程。Taking quantum voting by two voters as an example, the quantum voting mechanism and the operation process of quantum voting processing in the embodiment of the present application are described below.
(1)基于本申请实施例的量子投票机制，假定对于一个待投票提案，d＝3，两个投票人为张三和李四，两人投出的选票如下：(1) Based on the quantum voting mechanism of the embodiment of this application, it is assumed that for a proposal to be voted, d=3, and the two voters are Zhang San and Li Si, and the votes cast by the two are as follows:
a)张三投出的选票是：a) The ballot cast by Zhang San is:
b)李四投出的选票是：|1>；b) The ballot cast by Li Si is: |1>;
(2)将选票分别发送至计票器；(2) Send the ballots to the ballot counters respectively;
(3)计票器对接收到的两个选票进行量子合取运算，得到(3) The vote counter performs a quantum conjunction operation on the two received ballots to obtain
(4)计票器对得到的量子态进行第一次计算基测量，具体为进行计算基{|0>,…,|d-1>}测量，计票器会以/>的概率得到测量结果0，以及会以/>的概率得到测量结果1(注意量子态表达式中的概率系数带根号)；(4) The quantum state obtained by the ticket counter Perform the first calculation base measurement, specifically for calculation base {|0>,…,|d-1>} measurement, the ticket counter will use /> The probability of getting a measurement result of 0, and will end with /> The probability of obtaining the measurement result 1 (note that the probability coefficient in the quantum state expression has a root sign);
(5)若第一次测量的结果是0，执行第(6)步；若第一次测量的结果是1，执行第(7)步；(5) If the result of the first measurement is 0, execute step (6); if the result of the first measurement is 1, execute step (7);
(6)计票器制备量子态：并对制备的量子态进行第二次计算基测量，这里，经计算可得/>因此第二次测量结果为必然是0，此时提案不通过，即此时提案不通过的概率为1；另外，当然，此时提案通过的概率为0；(6) Quantum state prepared by the ticket counter: And carry out the second calculation-based measurement on the prepared quantum state, here, it can be obtained by calculation /> Therefore, the second measurement result must be 0, and the proposal is not passed at this time, that is, the probability of the proposal not being passed at this time is 1; in addition, of course, the probability of passing the proposal at this time is 0;
(7)计票器制备量子态：并对制备的量子态进行第二次计算基测量，这里，经计算可得/>因此第二次测量会以/>的概率得到结果0，此时提案不通过，以及，会以/>的概率得到结果1，此时提案通过。(7) Quantum state prepared by the ticket counter: And carry out the second calculation-based measurement on the prepared quantum state, here, it can be obtained by calculation /> So the second measurement will end with /> The probability of getting the result is 0, and the proposal is not passed at this time, and the result will be /> The probability of getting the result 1, at this time the proposal is passed.
额外地，根据本申请实施例的量子投票机制，在本示例中，张三和李四对提案进行量子投票的结果的概率，可计算如下：Additionally, according to the quantum voting mechanism of the embodiment of the present application, in this example, the probability of Zhang San and Li Si's quantum voting on the proposal can be calculated as follows:
i提案通过的概率是：The probability that proposal i passes is:
ii提案不通过的概率是：ii The probability that the proposal will not pass is:
本示例中，提案不通过的概率大于通过的概率。In this example, the probability of the proposal not passing is greater than the probability of passing.
相对应地，本申请实施例还提供一种量子投票处理系统，如图2，量子投票处理系统100包括：Correspondingly, the embodiment of this application also provides a quantum voting processing system, as shown in Figure 2, the quantum voting processing system 100 includes:
接收模块110，用于接收多个投票者对提案投出的多个选票，所述多个选票均表示为d维希尔伯特空间上的密度算子，其中，d为整数；The receiving module 110 is configured to receive a plurality of votes cast by a plurality of voters on the proposal, and the plurality of votes are all represented as density operators on the d-dimensional Hilbert space, where d is an integer;
量子合取运算模块120，用于对所述多个选票进行量子合取运算；A quantum conjunction operation module 120, configured to perform a quantum conjunction operation on the plurality of votes;
第一测量模块130，用于对量子合取运算所得到的量子态进行第一次基测量，得到第一测量结果k，k为整数且k∈{0，...，d-1}；The first measurement module 130 is used to perform the first basic measurement on the quantum state obtained by the quantum conjunction operation to obtain the first measurement result k, where k is an integer and k∈{0,...,d-1};
制备模块140，用于根据所述第一测量结果k，制备量子态，制备的量子态是0态和1态的叠加，处于0态与处于1态的比例是k/(d-1)-k；The preparation module 140 is configured to prepare a quantum state according to the first measurement result k, the prepared quantum state is a superposition of the 0 state and the 1 state, and the ratio of being in the 0 state to being in the 1 state is k/(d-1)- k;
第二测量模块150，用于对制备的量子态进行第二次基测量，得到第二测量结果；The second measurement module 150 is used to perform a second basic measurement on the prepared quantum state to obtain a second measurement result;
判断模块160，用于根据所述第二测量结果，判断提案是否通过。The judging module 160 is configured to judge whether the proposal is passed according to the second measurement result.
基于本申请的以上至少一个实施例，具有如下特点及优点：Based on the above at least one embodiment of the present application, it has the following characteristics and advantages:
一、投票机制的表达力强。1. The voting mechanism is expressive.
在经典投票中，投票者投出的态度通常有两种：赞成(可表示为1)、反对(可表示为0)，即经典投票投出的只能是0或1这样确定性的状态。而在量子选票中，投票可以处于0和1的叠加态。In classic voting, voters usually have two attitudes: yes (can be expressed as 1) and opposition (can be expressed as 0), that is, classic voting can only cast a deterministic state of 0 or 1. In a quantum ballot, however, votes can be in a superposition of 0 and 1.
在经典投票中，很多时候投票者对于待表决的提案并不是单纯的赞成(1)或反对(0)，有些时候是持着例如80％赞成和20％反对的态度。但是这样的态度是无法通过经典选票表达的。而在量子投票中，这种态度可以通过量子态来表达，例如可以通过量子态表示，因此量子投票机制可对投票者的态度做到更真实的表达。In classic voting, many times voters are not simply in favor (1) or against (0) of the proposal to be voted on, and sometimes they hold attitudes such as 80% in favor and 20% against. But such an attitude cannot be conveyed through a classic ballot. In quantum voting, this attitude can be expressed through the quantum state, for example, through the quantum state Therefore, the quantum voting mechanism can express the attitude of voters more realistically.
二、投票机制更合理。Second, the voting mechanism is more reasonable.
基于已有的量子投票机制，假设有n个投票人，若每个投票人都希望提案通过的概率是p，那么投票的结果会是提案通过的概率是pn。该投票结果与人们的直观需求并不匹配，换句话说，该投票结果不符合投票的全体一致性。Based on the existing quantum voting mechanism, assuming that there are n voters, if each voter hopes that the probability of the proposal passing is p, then the result of the voting will be that the probability of the proposal passing is pn . The voting result does not match people's intuitive needs, in other words, the voting result does not conform to the unanimity of voting.
基于本申请实施例设计的量子投票机制，若每个投票人都希望提案通过的概率是p，那么投票的结果会是提案通过的概率仍然是p。该投票结果与人们的直观需求匹配，换句话说，该投票结果符合全体一致性。相较于已有的量子投票机制，本申请实施例优化后的量子投票机制更为合理，投票结果更接近真实情况。Based on the quantum voting mechanism designed in the embodiment of this application, if each voter hopes that the probability of passing the proposal is p, then the result of the voting will be that the probability of passing the proposal is still p. The voting result matches people's intuitive needs, in other words, the voting result conforms to unanimity. Compared with the existing quantum voting mechanism, the optimized quantum voting mechanism in the embodiment of the present application is more reasonable, and the voting result is closer to the real situation.
本申请实施例量子投票处理方法应用于电子设备上，例如电子设备可以是量子计算机，可以是用户终端设备，可以是服务器，还可以是其他计算设备，也可以是云端服务器。图3示出本申请实施例的电子设备的硬件结构示意图，该电子设备可以包括处理器601以及存储有计算机程序指令的存储器602，处理器601执行计算机程序指令时实现上述任一实施例方法的流程或功能。处理器601可以采用量子处理器。存储器602可以采用量子储存器。The quantum voting processing method in this embodiment of the present application is applied to an electronic device. For example, the electronic device may be a quantum computer, a user terminal device, a server, other computing devices, or a cloud server. FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device according to the embodiment of the present application. The electronic device may include a processor 601 and a memory 602 storing computer program instructions. process or function. Processor 601 may be a quantum processor. The memory 602 may adopt a quantum memory.
作为一种示例，处理器601可以包括中央处理器(CPU)，或者特定集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)，或者可以被配置成实施本申请实施例的一个或多个集成电路。存储器602可以包括用于数据或指令的大容量存储器。举例来说，存储器602可以是以下至少一者：硬盘驱动器(Hard Disk Drive，HDD)、只读存储器(ROM)，随机存取存储器(RAM)、软盘驱动器、闪存、光盘、磁光盘、磁带、通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus，USB)驱动器或其他物理/有形的存储器存储设备。又如，存储器602可包括可移除或不可移除(或固定)的介质。再如，存储器602可在综合网关容灾设备的内部或外部。存储器602可以是非易失性固态存储器。换句话说，通常存储器602包括编码有计算机可执行指令的有形(非暂态)计算机可读存储介质(如存储器设备)，并且当该软件被执行(如由一个或多个处理器执行)时，可执行本申请实施例的方法所描述的操作。处理器601通过读取并执行存储器602中存储的计算机程序指令，实现上述实施例中任一种方法的流程或功能。As an example, the processor 601 may include a central processing unit (CPU), or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or may be configured to implement one or more integrated circuits of the embodiments of the present application. Memory 602 may include mass storage for data or instructions. For example, the memory 602 may be at least one of the following: hard disk drive (Hard Disk Drive, HDD), read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), floppy disk drive, flash memory, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, magnetic tape, A Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive or other physical/tangible memory storage device. As another example, memory 602 may include removable or non-removable (or fixed) media. For another example, the memory 602 may be inside or outside the comprehensive gateway disaster recovery device. Memory 602 may be a non-volatile solid-state memory. In other words, typically memory 602 includes a tangible (non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium (eg, a memory device) encoded with computer-executable instructions, and when the software is executed (eg, by one or more processors) , the operations described in the method of the embodiment of the present application can be performed. The processor 601 reads and executes the computer program instructions stored in the memory 602 to implement the procedures or functions of any one of the methods in the foregoing embodiments.
在一个示例中，图3所示的电子设备还可包括通信接口603和总线610。其中，处理器601、存储器602、通信接口603通过总线610连接并完成相互间的通信。通信接口603主要用于实现本申请实施例中各模块、装置、单元和/或设备之间的通信。总线610包括硬件、软件或两者皆有，可将在线数据流量计费设备的部件彼此耦接在一起。In an example, the electronic device shown in FIG. 3 may further include a communication interface 603 and a bus 610 . Wherein, the processor 601, the memory 602, and the communication interface 603 are connected through the bus 610 and complete mutual communication. The communication interface 603 is mainly used to implement communication between various modules, devices, units and/or devices in the embodiments of the present application. The bus 610 includes hardware, software or both, and can couple components of the online data traffic charging device to each other.
结合上述实施例中的方法逻辑，本申请实施例还提供一种计票器，其包括量子计算设备，所述量子计算设备包括量子处理器以及存储于存储器并可在所述量子处理器上运行的计算机指令，所述量子处理器运行所述计算机指令时执行任一实施例的方法的流程或功能。In combination with the method logic in the above-mentioned embodiments, the embodiment of the present application also provides a ticket counting device, which includes a quantum computing device, and the quantum computing device includes a quantum processor and stored in a memory and can run on the quantum processor. computer instructions, the quantum processor executes the procedure or function of the method in any embodiment when running the computer instructions.
本申请实施例还提供一种量子计算机，其包括量子处理器以及存储于存储器并可在所述量子处理器上运行的计算机指令，所述量子处理器运行所述计算机指令时实现上述任一实施例中的方法的流程或功能。An embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum computer, which includes a quantum processor and computer instructions stored in a memory and operable on the quantum processor. When the quantum processor runs the computer instructions, any of the above-mentioned implementations can be realized. The flow or function of the method in the example.
例如，采用的量子计算设备能够执行至少3个量子态的Toffoli门操作。For example, the quantum computing device employed is capable of performing Toffoli gate operations of at least 3 quantum states.
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机存储介质，该计算机存储介质上存储有计算机程序指令，该计算机程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述实施例中任一种方法的流程或功能。The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer storage medium, on which computer program instructions are stored, and when the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, the procedures or functions of any one of the methods in the foregoing embodiments are implemented.
另外，本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品上存储有计算机程序指令，该计算机程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述实施例中任一种方法的流程或功能。In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product, where computer program instructions are stored on the computer program product, and when the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, the procedures or functions of any one of the methods in the foregoing embodiments are implemented.
以上示例性地描述了本申请实施例的量子投票处理方法、装置、系统、计票器和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或框图，并描述了相关的各个方面。应当理解，流程图和/或框图中的每个方框或其组合，可以由计算机程序指令实现，也可以由执行指定功能或动作的专用硬件来实现，还可由专用硬件和计算机指令的组合来实现。例如，这些计算机程序指令可被提供给通用计算机、专用计算机、量子计算机或其它可编程数据处理装置的处理器，以形成一种机器可使得经由这种处理器执行的这些指令使能对流程图和/或框图中的每个方框或其组合中指定的功能/动作的实现。这种处理器可以是通用处理器、专用处理器、量子处理器、特殊应用处理器或者现场可编程逻辑电路。The above exemplarily described the flowchart and/or block diagram of the quantum voting processing method, device, system, vote counter and computer program product according to the embodiments of the present application, and described various related aspects. It should be understood that each block in the flowchart and/or block diagram or a combination thereof may be implemented by computer program instructions, or may be implemented by dedicated hardware for performing specified functions or actions, or may be implemented by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions. accomplish. For example, these computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, quantum computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to form a machine such that execution of these instructions via such processor enables the flow diagram and/or the implementation of the function/action specified in each block in the block diagram or a combination thereof. Such processors may be general purpose processors, special purpose processors, quantum processors, application specific processors or field programmable logic circuits.
本申请实施例的结构框图中所示的功能块可以实现为硬件、软件、固件或者它们的组合。当以硬件方式实现时，其可以例如是电子电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、适当的固件、插件、功能卡等等；当以软件方式实现时，是被用于执行所需任务的程序或者代码段。程序或者代码段可以存储在存储器中，或者通过载波中携带的数据信号在传输介质或者通信链路上传送。代码段可以经由诸如因特网、内联网等的计算机网络被下载。The functional blocks shown in the structural block diagrams of the embodiments of the present application may be implemented as hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. When implemented in hardware, it may be, for example, an electronic circuit, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), suitable firmware, plug-ins, function cards, etc.; when implemented in software, a program or code snippet. Programs or code segments can be stored in memory, or transmitted over transmission media or communication links by data signals carried in carrier waves. Code segments may be downloaded via a computer network such as the Internet, an Intranet, or the like.
需说明，本申请并不局限于上文所描述或在图中示出的特定配置和处理。以上所述仅为本申请的具体实施方式，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，所描述的系统、设备、模块或单元的具体工作过程，可以参考方法实施例中的对应过程，不需再赘述。应理解，本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the specific configurations and processes described above or shown in the drawings. The above are only specific implementations of the present application, and those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working process of the described system, device, module or unit can refer to the method embodiment The corresponding process in , no need to go into details. It should be understood that the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person familiar with the technical field may conceive of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the application, and these modifications or replacements shall be covered in Within the protection scope of this application.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310585881.7ACN116612577A (en) | 2023-05-23 | 2023-05-23 | Quantum voting processing method, system, vote counter and quantum computer |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310585881.7ACN116612577A (en) | 2023-05-23 | 2023-05-23 | Quantum voting processing method, system, vote counter and quantum computer |
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| CN116612577Atrue CN116612577A (en) | 2023-08-18 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202310585881.7APendingCN116612577A (en) | 2023-05-23 | 2023-05-23 | Quantum voting processing method, system, vote counter and quantum computer |
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