技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种高压气井非常规协同压井装置及方法，属于钻井井控技术领域。The invention relates to an unconventional coordinated well killing device and method for high-pressure gas wells, and belongs to the technical field of drilling well control.
背景技术Background technique
现有井控方法随着国民经济的发展，我国对油气资源的需求日益增长。油气资源勘探逐渐向深层和超深层领域进军。在我国塔里木盆地、准格尔盆地、四川盆地等区域的油气田具有高产、高压甚至超高压等特点，在钻探过程中一旦发生气侵，极易引发井喷风险，面临严峻的井控问题。Existing Well Control Methods With the development of the national economy, my country's demand for oil and gas resources is increasing day by day. Exploration of oil and gas resources has gradually entered the deep and ultra-deep fields. The oil and gas fields in my country's Tarim Basin, Jungar Basin, and Sichuan Basin are characterized by high production, high pressure, and even ultra-high pressure. Once gas invasion occurs during drilling, it is very easy to cause blowout risks and face severe well control problems.
高压气井安全压井是现阶段我国大部分西北、西南油气田勘探开发过程中需要亟待解决的关键技术难题。主要可以分为常规压井方法和非常规压井方法。常规压井方法包括工程师法、司钻法等，非常规压井方法包括置换法、压回法等。对于普通地层压力不高的油气井，工程师法和司钻法等常规压井方法即可满足压井要求，恢复正常钻进。而对于高压气井，侵入井筒环空的体积和压力均较高，常规压井方法可能导致井口或者套管鞋处的压力超过承压范围，引发难以更为严重的井涌或者井漏问题，故难以适用。在侵入井筒的气体较多的情况下，井口压力和地层压力差别较小，非常规压井方法中的压回法同样面临上述问题，而置换法具有效率低、时间长、操作较繁琐等问题。在高压气井钻探过程中，一旦没有及时成功压井，将会导致不可估量的经济损失，甚至造成人员伤亡，亟需展开深入研究。Safe killing of high-pressure gas wells is a key technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the exploration and development of most oil and gas fields in Northwest and Southwest my country at this stage. It can be mainly divided into conventional well killing methods and unconventional well killing methods. Conventional well killing methods include engineer method, driller method, etc., and unconventional well killing methods include displacement method, pressure back method, etc. For oil and gas wells with low formation pressure, conventional well killing methods such as engineer method and driller method can meet the well killing requirements and restore normal drilling. For high-pressure gas wells, the volume and pressure of the intruded wellbore annulus are high, and the conventional well killing method may cause the pressure at the wellhead or casing shoe to exceed the pressure range, causing difficult well kick or lost circulation. Difficult to apply. In the case of a lot of gas intruding into the wellbore, the difference between the wellhead pressure and the formation pressure is small. The pressure-back method in the unconventional well killing method also faces the above problems, while the replacement method has the problems of low efficiency, long time, and cumbersome operation. . In the process of high-pressure gas well drilling, if the well is not killed in time, it will lead to immeasurable economic losses and even casualties, so in-depth research is urgently needed.
综上，现有压井方法对于高压气井压井均存在一定的缺点。目前尚缺乏一种适用于高压气井的安全高效压井方法，这也是制约高压气井安全高效钻探的关键难点。为此，提出本发明。To sum up, the existing killing methods have certain disadvantages for killing high-pressure gas wells. At present, there is still a lack of a safe and efficient well killing method suitable for high-pressure gas wells, which is also a key difficulty restricting the safe and efficient drilling of high-pressure gas wells. For this reason, the present invention is proposed.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，尤其是现有压井方法在高压气井中不适用、效率低等难题，本发明提出了一种高压气井非常规协同压井装置及方法，通过结合置换法和压回法两种非常规压井方法协同来保障高压气井压井的安全性和时效性，并发明了相应的协同压井装置，为实现高压气井安全高效钻探提供保障。In view of the deficiencies of the existing technology, especially the inapplicability and low efficiency of the existing well killing method in high-pressure gas wells, the present invention proposes an unconventional coordinated well killing device and method for high-pressure gas wells. The combination of two unconventional well killing methods to ensure the safety and timeliness of high pressure gas well killing, and the corresponding coordinated well killing device was invented to provide guarantee for the safe and efficient drilling of high pressure gas wells.
天然气水合物开采过程中产量低、持续时间短、经济性差的难题，本发明提出了一种天然气水合物高效增产开采方法，通过水平井压裂造缝和注入泡沫水泥浆的方法来提高储层渗流能力和稳定性，并通过水平井降压+注热开采的方法来提高天然气水合物开采产量，为未来实现商业化开采海域天然气水合物藏提供保障。Due to the problems of low output, short duration and poor economy in the process of natural gas hydrate exploitation, the present invention proposes a high-efficiency increase production method of natural gas hydrate, which improves the reservoir quality by fracturing and creating fractures in horizontal wells and injecting foam cement slurry. Seepage capacity and stability, and increase the production of natural gas hydrate production through the method of horizontal well depressurization + heat injection production, and provide guarantee for the realization of commercial exploitation of natural gas hydrate reservoirs in sea areas in the future.
本发明采用如下技术方案：The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种高压气井非常规协同压井装置，包括数据采集装置和压井控制装置，所述数据采集装置包括井口、防喷器、压力传感器A、压力传感器B、流量计A、流量计B和计算机；An unconventional coordinated well killing device for high-pressure gas wells, including a data acquisition device and a well killing control device, the data acquisition device includes a wellhead, a blowout preventer, a pressure sensor A, a pressure sensor B, a flow meter A, a flow meter B and a computer ;
所述压井控制装置包括压井液注入泵组、三通控制阀和压井液储罐，所述压井液注入泵组一端与三通控制阀相连，另一端与压井液储罐相连，为压井液注入提供动力，三通控制阀一端通过管线连接井口，另一端通过主管线连接防喷器，三通控制阀安装在连接井口的管线和接防喷器主管线的交汇处，所述压力传感器A和流量计A安装在连接井口的管线上，用于采集井口压力和流经井口的流体流量；所述压力传感器B和流量计B安装在连接防喷器的主管线上，用于采集环空套压和流经环空的流体流量；The kill control device includes a kill fluid injection pump set, a three-way control valve and a kill fluid storage tank, one end of the kill fluid injection pump set is connected to the three-way control valve, and the other end is connected to the kill fluid storage tank , to provide power for killing fluid injection. One end of the three-way control valve is connected to the wellhead through the pipeline, and the other end is connected to the blowout preventer through the main line. The three-way control valve is installed at the intersection of the pipeline connected to the wellhead and the main line connected to the blowout preventer. The pressure sensor A and the flowmeter A are installed on the pipeline connected to the wellhead for collecting the wellhead pressure and the fluid flow flowing through the wellhead; the pressure sensor B and the flowmeter B are installed on the main line connected to the blowout preventer, Used to collect annulus casing pressure and fluid flow through the annulus;
所述连接井口的管线上还设置有阀门A，用于控制管线内的流量大小；连接防喷器的主管线上设置有阀门B，主管线上连接有一支管线，支管线另一端与大气相通，支管线上设置有阀门C和阀门D，所述压井液注入泵组、压力传感器A、压力传感器B、流量计A、流量计B、阀门A、阀门B、阀门C、阀门D均与计算机连接，计算机接收并处理压力传感器A、压力传感器B、流量计A、流量计B采集到的压力和流量数据，并控制阀门A、阀门B、阀门C、阀门D的开度和压井液注入泵组的启停。A valve A is also set on the pipeline connected to the wellhead to control the flow rate in the pipeline; a valve B is set on the main line connected to the blowout preventer, and a pipeline is connected to the main line, and the other end of the branch pipeline is connected to the atmosphere , valve C and valve D are set on the branch pipeline, and the well killing fluid injection pump group, pressure sensor A, pressure sensor B, flow meter A, flow meter B, valve A, valve B, valve C, and valve D are all connected with Computer connection, the computer receives and processes the pressure and flow data collected by pressure sensor A, pressure sensor B, flow meter A, and flow meter B, and controls the opening of valve A, valve B, valve C, valve D and the well killing fluid Injection pump start and stop.
上述装置的工作方法为：The working method of the above-mentioned device is:
安装在连接井口和防喷器的管线上的压力传感器和流量计采集压力和流量数据；不同数据采集点均与计算机连接，实时传输至计算机；计算机根据采集到的数据实时处理并分析，进而控制管线上各个阀门的开度和压井液注入泵组的功率；压井液注入泵组两端分别与压井液储罐和注入管线相连，分别将压井液注入钻杆或者是环空，进而实现高压气井安全高效压井。The pressure sensor and flowmeter installed on the pipeline connecting the wellhead and the blowout preventer collect pressure and flow data; different data collection points are connected to the computer and transmitted to the computer in real time; the computer processes and analyzes the collected data in real time, and then controls The opening of each valve on the pipeline and the power of the killing fluid injection pump group; the two ends of the killing fluid injection pump group are respectively connected with the killing fluid storage tank and the injection pipeline, and the killing fluid is injected into the drill pipe or the annulus respectively, Thus realizing safe and efficient killing of high-pressure gas wells.
本发明的支管线上设置有两个阀门，即阀门C和阀门D，一方面可以更加精确地控制井口回压的变化，开启时：先开阀门D，再开阀门C，并根据现场压井液注入情况和井口压力变化情况实时调整两个阀门的开度大小，以此可以减少井口压力波动，进而达到井口回压的精确控制。关闭时：先关阀门C，再关阀门D。Two valves are arranged on the branch pipeline of the present invention, namely valve C and valve D. On the one hand, the change of wellhead back pressure can be controlled more accurately. When opening: first open valve D, then open valve C, and according to The opening of the two valves can be adjusted in real time according to the liquid injection situation and the change of wellhead pressure, so as to reduce the fluctuation of wellhead pressure and achieve precise control of wellhead back pressure. When closing: close valve C first, then close valve D.
另一个方面可以减小井口排气产生的节流降温效应，因为：一个阀门的情况，气体直接从很高的压力突变到常压(即阀门前高压，阀门后常压)，节流降温效应很明显，往往会因此而结冰；设计两个阀门，在第一个阀门使高压气体过渡到一个较低的压力，第二个阀门再使这个较低的压力过渡到常压，虽然两个阀门处仍然会产生节流降温效应，但各自的降温效应远小于一个阀门的情况，并且两个阀门之间也有一定的距离(阀门C、D可以设计距离为5-10米)，节流降温后因外界环境温度高而产生的回温效果也有助于缓解这两个地方的节流温降效应。此外，即使是现场采取加热升温措施，对于两个阀门的情况也是更容易的，有助于更快缓解阀门处的节流降温效果。Another aspect can reduce the throttling and cooling effect caused by wellhead exhaust, because: in the case of a valve, the gas directly changes from a very high pressure to normal pressure (that is, high pressure before the valve, normal pressure behind the valve), and the throttling and cooling effect Obviously, it tends to freeze because of this; design two valves, the first valve makes the high-pressure gas transition to a lower pressure, and the second valve makes the lower pressure transition to normal pressure, although the two There will still be a throttling and cooling effect at the valve, but the cooling effect of each is much smaller than that of one valve, and there is also a certain distance between the two valves (valve C and D can be designed at a distance of 5-10 meters), throttling and cooling The temperature recovery effect caused by the high external environment temperature also helps to alleviate the throttling and temperature drop effect in these two places. In addition, even if heating and heating measures are taken on site, it is easier for the case of two valves, which helps to alleviate the throttling and cooling effect at the valves faster.
一种高压气井非常规协同压井方法，通过上述的装置实现，包括如下步骤：An unconventional coordinated well killing method for high-pressure gas wells, realized by the above-mentioned device, includes the following steps:
(1)压井液注入量计算(1) Calculation of killing fluid injection volume
根据置换法压井计算公式计算置换法压井所需的压井液密度、注入流量等注入参数，快速配置对储层伤害小的无污染压井液，为尽快开展置换法压井做好准备；若是在现场来不及配制压井液的情况下，可以选择先注入钻井用的钻井液，以此尽早开展初期的置换法压井作业。Calculate the injection parameters such as the density of the killing fluid and the injection flow rate required for the well killing by the displacement method according to the calculation formula of the displacement method, quickly configure the non-polluting well killing fluid with little damage to the reservoir, and prepare for the implementation of the displacement method to kill the well as soon as possible ; If it is too late to prepare the killing fluid on the spot, you can choose to inject the drilling fluid used for drilling first, so as to carry out the initial displacement killing operation as early as possible.
(2)从钻杆中注入压井液置换环空中气体(2) Inject killing fluid from the drill pipe to replace the gas in the annulus
根据步骤(1)得到的压井液注入流量，打开阀门A，压井液注入泵组的压井液注入钻杆，从钻杆向环空中注入压井液，并依次打开阀门C、阀门D排出环空中气体(现场一般是在支管线出口处将排出的气体燃烧)，以此实现环空中气体的替换；为提高置换效率，压井液注入和气体排出同时进行；监测从钻杆注入压井液的速率、压力和从环空中排出气体的流量、压力数据，并根据监测到的数据实时调整阀门A、阀门C和阀门D4的开度和压井液注入泵组的功率；According to the killing fluid injection flow rate obtained in step (1), open valve A, inject the killing fluid into the drill pipe from the killing fluid injection pump group, inject the killing fluid from the drill pipe into the annular space, and open valve C and valve D in sequence Exhaust the gas in the annulus (the exhausted gas is generally burned at the outlet of the branch pipeline on site) to replace the gas in the annulus; in order to improve the replacement efficiency, the injection of the killing fluid and the discharge of the gas are carried out at the same time; monitoring the injection pressure from the drill pipe The rate and pressure of the well fluid and the flow and pressure data of the gas discharged from the annular space, and adjust the opening of valve A, valve C and valve D4 and the power of the killing fluid injection pump group in real time according to the monitored data;
(3)从环空中注入压井液压回剩余气体(3) Inject the killing hydraulic pressure from the annular space to return the remaining gas
根据实时监测到的压力、流量数据，当满足压回法压井条件后，关闭阀门A停止从钻杆注入压井液，并打开阀门B，关闭阀门C和阀门D，转而通过向环空中注入压井液来将环空中剩余的气体压回地层，同时，在压回过程中实时监测压井液的流量、压力数据，实时调整压井液注入泵组的功率；According to the pressure and flow data monitored in real time, when the well killing conditions of the pressure back method are satisfied, valve A is closed to stop injecting the killing fluid from the drill pipe, valve B is opened, valves C and D are closed, and the fluid is injected into the annulus Inject killing fluid to push the remaining gas in the annulus back into the formation. At the same time, monitor the flow and pressure data of the killing fluid in real time during the pressure back process, and adjust the power of the killing fluid injection pump group in real time;
(4)从钻杆向地层注入堵漏材料(4) Inject leakage plugging material from the drill pipe into the formation
当压井成功后，关闭阀门B，打开阀门A，通过钻杆向目的层位注入含堵漏材料的钻井液，利用堵漏材料颗粒之间的桥接作用封堵漏失裂缝，提高目的层位承压能力，为后期安全生产提供保障。When the well is killed successfully, close valve B, open valve A, inject drilling fluid containing plugging materials into the target layer through the drill pipe, and use the bridging effect between the particles of the plugging materials to seal the lost fractures and improve the level bearing capacity of the target layer. The pressure capacity provides guarantee for the later stage of safe production.
通过上述技术方案，针对高压气井压井困难的特点，结合非常规压井方法中置换法和压回法的优点，在压井前期采用置换法向钻杆注入压井液来替换环空中部分高压气体，后期采用压回法向环空注入压井液将剩余气体压回地层，以此提高高压气井压井效率和成功率。本发明可以有效提高高压气井压井的效率和安全性，为高压气井安全钻探提供理论支撑和技术保障。Through the above technical scheme, aiming at the difficult characteristics of killing high-pressure gas wells, combined with the advantages of the displacement method and pressure-back method in unconventional well killing methods, the replacement method is used to inject killing fluid into the drill pipe in the early stage of well killing to replace part of the high pressure in the annular space In the later stage, the pressure-back method is used to inject killing fluid into the annular space to push the remaining gas back into the formation, so as to improve the killing efficiency and success rate of high-pressure gas wells. The invention can effectively improve the killing efficiency and safety of the high-pressure gas well, and provide theoretical support and technical guarantee for the safe drilling of the high-pressure gas well.
优选的，步骤(1)中，在置换法压井过程中，为维持井底压力的平衡，从钻杆向井底注入的压井液与环空中排出气体所产生的重力差等于环空压力的减小值，如下式所示：Preferably, in step (1), in the process of killing the well by the replacement method, in order to maintain the balance of the bottom hole pressure, the gravity difference between the killing fluid injected from the drill pipe to the bottom hole and the gas discharged from the annular space is equal to the pressure difference of the annular space. Decrease the value, as shown in the following formula:
ρzghz-g(ρg0hg0-ρghg)＝pa0-pa (1)ρz ghz -g(ρg0 hg0- ρg hg )＝pa0 -pa (1)
式中，ρz为从钻杆向井底注入的压井液密度，kg/m3；g为重力加速度，g/cm3；hz为井筒内压井液高度，m；ρg0为初始时刻气体密度，kg/m3；ρg为t时刻气体密度，kg/m3；hg0为初始时刻井筒内气柱高度，m；hg为t时刻井筒内气柱高度，m；pa0为初始时刻套压，MPa；pa为t时刻套压，MPa，套压是指井口处的套管环空压力(即环空中最上端的压力)；In the formula, ρz is the density of the killing fluid injected from the drill pipe to the bottom hole, kg/m3 ; g is the acceleration of gravity, g/cm3 ; hz is the height of the killing fluid in the wellbore, m; ρg0 is the initial moment Gas density, kg/m3 ; ρg is the gas density at time t, kg/m3 ; hg0 is the height of the gas column in the wellbore at the initial time, m; hg is the height of the gas column in the wellbore at the time t, m; pa0 is Casing pressure at the initial moment, MPa; pa is the casing pressure at time t, MPa, and casing pressure refers to the pressure in the casing annulus at the wellhead (that is, the pressure at the uppermost end of the annulus);
根据物质守恒定理可知，注入压井液的体积等于排出气体的体积与因压力变化而减小的气体体积之和，如下式所示：According to the principle of conservation of matter, the volume of the injected killing fluid is equal to the sum of the volume of the discharged gas and the volume of the gas reduced by the pressure change, as shown in the following formula:
式中，Qz为置换法压井液注入流量，L/s；Qg为气体排量，L/s；Cg为气体压缩系数，MPa-1；Vg为井筒环空内气体体积。In the formula, Qz is the displacement killing fluid injection flow rate, L/s; Qg is the gas displacement, L/s; Cg is the gas compression coefficient, MPa-1 ; Vg is the gas volume in the annulus of the wellbore.
优选的，步骤(1)中，注入的压井液密度受地层孔隙压力大小影响，为满足压井要求，注入的压井液密度ρz由下式计算得到：Preferably, in step (1), the injected killing fluid density is affected by formation pore pressure, in order to meet the well killing requirements, the injected killing fluid densityρ is calculated by the following formula:
pk/(gh)<ρz<(pp-pf)/(gh) (3)pk /(gh)<ρz <(pp -pf )/(gh) (3)
式中，pk为地层孔隙压力，MPa；pp为地层破裂压力，MPa；pf为环空压井液流动时的摩阻，MPa；h为井的垂深，m。In the formula, pk is the formation pore pressure, MPa; pp is the formation fracture pressure, MPa; pf is the frictional resistance when the annulus killing fluid flows, MPa; h is the vertical depth of the well, m.
优选的，步骤(3)中，地面压井注入泵装备的功率能够开展压回法压井作业时，视为满足压回法压井条件。Preferably, in step (3), when the power of the surface kill well injection pump equipment can carry out the pressure back method killing operation, it is deemed to meet the pressure back method killing conditions.
优选的，步骤(3)中，在将环空中气体压地层过程中需使压井液下流速度大于气体上升速度，才能实现顺利压回作业，这对压井液排量提出了要求，根据气液两相流动理论，气体上升速度采用段塞流中气体上升速度计算公式：Preferably, in step (3), in the process of pressing the gas in the annular space into the formation, the downflow velocity of the killing fluid must be greater than the rising velocity of the gas in order to achieve a smooth pressure back operation. This puts forward requirements for the displacement of the killing fluid. In the theory of liquid two-phase flow, the rising velocity of gas adopts the formula for calculating the rising velocity of gas in slug flow:
式中，vs为环空中气体在压井液中的滑脱上升速度，m/s；g为重力加速度，m/s2；ρL为压井液密度，kg/m3；D为水力直径，m；C为无因次常数，可以由Barnea模型计算：In the formula, vs is the slippage rising velocity of the gas in the killing fluid in the annular space, m/s; g is the acceleration of gravity, m/s2 ; ρL is the density of the killing fluid, kg/m3 ; D is the hydraulic diameter , m; C is a dimensionless constant, which can be calculated by the Barnea model:
C＝0.1725[(π+1)+K(π-1)]0.5 (5)C=0.1725[(π+1)+K(π-1)]0.5 (5)
式中，Dto为钻杆外径，m；Dci为套管内径，m；In the formula, Dto is the outer diameter of the drill pipe, m; Dci is the inner diameter of the casing, m;
根据上述计算得到的vs可以确定压回法压井液的排量，压井液排量与气体在压井液中的滑脱上升速度vs成正比，由下式计算得到：According to the vs obtained from the above calculation, the displacement of the pressure-back method can be determined. The displacement of the well killing fluid is proportional to the slippage rising speed vs of the gas in the killing fluid, and can be calculated by the following formula:
Qa>vsA (7)Qa >vs A (7)
式中，A为环空截面积，m2；Qa为压井液排量，m3/s。In the formula, A is the cross-sectional area of the annular space, m2 ; Qa is the displacement of the killing fluid, m3 /s.
优选的，步骤(4)中，当压井成功后，将钻杆提升至预定的堵漏层位，然后向地层中注入含堵漏材料的钻井液以提高地层的承压能力，进而重新建立安全钻井压力窗口，由于在钻杆上提过程中，环空液面下降、钻杆上提引起的抽吸压力都将引起井底压力降低，故需进行继续向环空中注入压井液保持井底压力的稳定，以防止井底气侵的再次发生，在此过程中，实时监测环空套压变化情况，据此调整压井液注入泵组的功率和注入排量大小。Preferably, in step (4), when the well killing is successful, the drill pipe is lifted to the predetermined plugging layer, and then the drilling fluid containing the plugging material is injected into the formation to improve the pressure bearing capacity of the formation, and then re-establish The safe drilling pressure window. Since the liquid level in the annulus drops and the suction pressure caused by the lifting of the drill pipe will cause the bottom hole pressure to drop during the lifting process of the drill pipe, it is necessary to continue injecting killing fluid into the annulus to keep the well The bottom hole pressure should be stabilized to prevent bottom hole gas invasion from happening again. During this process, the change of annular casing pressure is monitored in real time, and the power and injection displacement of the killing fluid injection pump group are adjusted accordingly.
优选的，通过堵漏承压建立起的安全钻井压力窗口可以由下式表示：Preferably, the safe drilling pressure window established by leak plugging and pressure bearing can be expressed by the following formula:
ΔPs＝Pb-Max{Pc,Pp} (8)ΔPs =Pb -Max{Pc ,Pp } (8)
式中：ΔPs为通过堵漏承压建立起的安全钻井压力窗口，MPa；Pb为堵漏承压后的地层破裂压力，MPa；Pc为地层坍塌压力，MPa；Pp为地层孔隙压力，MPa。In the formula: ΔPs is the safe drilling pressure window established by plugging and pressure bearing, MPa; Pb is the formation fracture pressure after plugging and pressure bearing, MPa; Pc is the formation collapse pressure, MPa; Pp is the formation pore Pressure, MPa.
本发明未详尽之处，均可参见现有技术。For the non-exhaustive parts of the present invention, all can refer to the prior art.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明针对高压气井压井困难的特点，结合非常规压井方法中置换法和压回法的优点，在压井前期采用置换法向钻杆注入压井液来替换环空中部分高压气体，后期采用压回法向环空注入压井液将剩余气体压回地层，以此提高高压气井压井效率和成功率。The present invention aims at the characteristics of difficult well killing of high-pressure gas wells, and combines the advantages of displacement method and pressure-back method in unconventional well killing methods. The pressure-back method is used to inject killing fluid into the annulus to push the remaining gas back into the formation, so as to improve the killing efficiency and success rate of high-pressure gas wells.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明高压气井非常规协同压井装置示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an unconventional coordinated well killing device for a high-pressure gas well of the present invention;
图2为本发明高压气井非常规协同压井过程示意图，(a)为步骤(2)从钻杆中注入压井液置换环空中气体示意图；(b)为步骤(3)从环空中注入压井液压回剩余气体示意图；(c)为步骤(4)从钻杆向地层注入堵漏材料示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the unconventional coordinated well killing process of a high-pressure gas well in the present invention, (a) is a schematic diagram of step (2) injecting killing fluid from the drill pipe to replace the gas in the annulus; (b) is a schematic diagram of step (3) injecting pressure from the annulus Schematic diagram of well hydraulic return to remaining gas; (c) is a schematic diagram of step (4) injecting plugging material from the drill pipe to the formation;
其中，1、储层；2、地层；3、钻头；4、水泥环；5、环空；6、钻杆；7、套管；8、防喷器；9、井口；10、压力传感器A；11、压力传感器B；12、流量计A；13、流量计B；14、阀门A；15、阀门B；16、阀门C；17、阀门D；18、三通控制阀；19、压井液注入泵组；20、压井液储罐；21、计算机；22、压井液；23、环空中高压气体；24、含堵漏材料的钻井液。Among them, 1. reservoir; 2. formation; 3. drill bit; 4. cement sheath; 5. annular space; 6. drill pipe; 7. casing; 8. blowout preventer; 9. wellhead; 10. pressure sensor A ;11. Pressure sensor B; 12. Flow meter A; 13. Flow meter B; 14. Valve A; 15. Valve B; 16. Valve C; 17. Valve D; 18. Three-way control valve; 19. Well killing 20. Killing fluid storage tank; 21. Computer; 22. Killing fluid; 23. High-pressure gas in annular space; 24. Drilling fluid containing plugging materials.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本技术领域的人员更好的理解本说明书中的技术方案，下面对本发明书实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，但不仅限于此，本发明未详尽说明的，均按本领域常规技术。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, but not limited thereto, and those that are not described in detail in the present invention shall be described in accordance with this specification. conventional technology in the field.
实施例1Example 1
一种高压气井非常规协同压井装置，如图1所示，包括数据采集装置和压井控制装置，数据采集装置包括井口9、防喷器8、压力传感器A10、压力传感器B11、流量计A12、流量计B13和计算机21，其中，1为储层，2为地层，3为钻头，4为水泥环，5为环空，6为钻杆，7为套管；An unconventional coordinated well killing device for high-pressure gas wells, as shown in Figure 1, includes a data acquisition device and a well killing control device. The data acquisition device includes a wellhead 9, a blowout preventer 8, a pressure sensor A10, a pressure sensor B11, and a flow meter A12 , Flow meter B13 and computer 21, wherein, 1 is reservoir, 2 is stratum, 3 is drill bit, 4 is cement sheath, 5 is annulus, 6 is drill pipe, 7 is casing;
压井控制装置包括压井液注入泵组19、三通控制阀18和压井液储罐20，压井液注入泵组19一端与三通控制阀18相连，另一端与压井液储罐20相连，为压井液注入提供动力，三通控制阀18一端通过管线连接井口9，另一端通过主管线连接防喷器8，三通控制阀安装在连接井口的管线和接防喷器主管线的交汇处，压力传感器A10和流量计A12安装在连接井口的管线上，用于采集井口压力和流经井口的流体流量；压力传感器B11和流量计B13安装在连接防喷器的主管线上，用于采集环空套压和流经环空的流体流量；The kill control device includes a kill fluid injection pump set 19, a three-way control valve 18, and a kill fluid storage tank 20. One end of the kill fluid injection pump set 19 is connected to the three-way control valve 18, and the other end is connected to the kill fluid storage tank. 20 to provide power for killing fluid injection. One end of the three-way control valve 18 is connected to the wellhead 9 through a pipeline, and the other end is connected to the blowout preventer 8 through the main line. The three-way control valve is installed on the pipeline connected to the wellhead and connected to the main pipe of the blowout preventer. At the intersection of the lines, the pressure sensor A10 and the flowmeter A12 are installed on the pipeline connected to the wellhead to collect the wellhead pressure and the fluid flow through the wellhead; the pressure sensor B11 and the flowmeter B13 are installed on the main line connected to the blowout preventer , used to collect the casing pressure of the annulus and the fluid flow through the annulus;
连接井口的管线上还设置有阀门A 14，用于控制管线内的流量大小；连接防喷器的主管线上设置有阀门B15，主管线上连接有一支管线，支管线另一端与大气相通，支管线上设置有阀门C16和阀门D17，压井液注入泵组19、压力传感器A10、压力传感器B 11、流量计A 12、流量计B13、阀门A 14、阀门B15、阀门C16、阀门D17均与计算机21连接，计算机21接收并处理压力传感器A 10、压力传感器B11、流量计A12、流量计B13采集到的压力和流量数据，并控制阀门A14、阀门B15、阀门C16、阀门D17的开度和压井液注入泵组的启停。A valve A14 is also set on the pipeline connected to the wellhead to control the flow in the pipeline; a valve B15 is set on the main line connected to the blowout preventer, a pipeline is connected to the main line, and the other end of the branch pipeline is connected to the atmosphere. Valve C16 and valve D17 are installed on the branch pipeline, and the killing fluid injection pump group 19, pressure sensor A10, pressure sensor B 11, flow meter A 12, flow meter B13, valve A 14, valve B15, valve C16, and valve D17 are all Connected to the computer 21, the computer 21 receives and processes the pressure and flow data collected by the pressure sensor A10, the pressure sensor B11, the flow meter A12, and the flow meter B13, and controls the opening of the valve A14, the valve B15, the valve C16, and the valve D17 And the start and stop of the killing fluid injection pump set.
上述装置的工作方法为：The working method of the above-mentioned device is:
安装在连接井口和防喷器的管线上的压力传感器和流量计采集压力和流量数据；不同数据采集点均与计算机连接，实时传输至计算机；计算机根据采集到的数据实时处理并分析，进而控制管线上各个阀门的开度和压井液注入泵组的功率；压井液注入泵组两端分别与压井液储罐和注入管线相连，分别将压井液注入钻杆或者是环空，进而实现高压气井安全高效压井。The pressure sensor and flowmeter installed on the pipeline connecting the wellhead and the blowout preventer collect pressure and flow data; different data collection points are connected to the computer and transmitted to the computer in real time; the computer processes and analyzes the collected data in real time, and then controls The opening of each valve on the pipeline and the power of the killing fluid injection pump group; the two ends of the killing fluid injection pump group are respectively connected with the killing fluid storage tank and the injection pipeline, and the killing fluid is injected into the drill pipe or the annulus respectively, Thus realizing safe and efficient killing of high-pressure gas wells.
本发明的支管线上设置有两个阀门，即阀门C16和阀门D17，一方面可以更加精确地控制井口回压的变化，开启时：先开阀门D17，再开阀门C16，并根据现场压井液注入情况和井口压力变化情况实时调整两个阀门的开度大小，以此可以减少井口压力波动，进而达到井口回压的精确控制。关闭时：先关阀门C16，再关阀门D17。Two valves are arranged on the branch pipeline of the present invention, namely valve C16 and valve D17. On the one hand, the change of wellhead back pressure can be controlled more accurately. When opening: first open valve D17, then open valve C16, and The opening of the two valves can be adjusted in real time according to the liquid injection situation and the change of wellhead pressure, so as to reduce the fluctuation of wellhead pressure and achieve precise control of wellhead back pressure. When closing: close valve C16 first, then close valve D17.
另一个方面可以减小井口排气产生的节流降温效应，因为：一个阀门的情况，气体直接从很高的压力突变到常压(即阀门前高压，阀门后常压)，节流降温效应很明显，往往会因此而结冰；设计两个阀门，在第一个阀门使高压气体过渡到一个较低的压力，第二个阀门再使这个较低的压力过渡到常压，虽然两个阀门处仍然会产生节流降温效应，但各自的降温效应远小于一个阀门的情况，并且两个阀门之间也有一定的距离(阀门C、D可以设计距离为5-10米)，节流降温后因外界环境温度高而产生的回温效果也有助于缓解这两个地方的节流温降效应。此外，即使是现场采取加热升温措施，对于两个阀门的情况也是更容易的，有助于更快缓解阀门处的节流降温效果。Another aspect can reduce the throttling and cooling effect caused by wellhead exhaust, because: in the case of a valve, the gas directly changes from a very high pressure to normal pressure (that is, high pressure before the valve, normal pressure behind the valve), and the throttling and cooling effect Obviously, it tends to freeze because of this; design two valves, the first valve makes the high-pressure gas transition to a lower pressure, and the second valve makes the lower pressure transition to normal pressure, although the two There will still be a throttling and cooling effect at the valve, but the cooling effect of each is much smaller than that of one valve, and there is also a certain distance between the two valves (valve C and D can be designed at a distance of 5-10 meters), throttling and cooling The temperature recovery effect caused by the high external environment temperature also helps to alleviate the throttling and temperature drop effect in these two places. In addition, even if heating and heating measures are taken on site, it is easier for the case of two valves, which helps to alleviate the throttling and cooling effect at the valves faster.
实施例2Example 2
一种高压气井非常规协同压井方法，通过上述的装置实现，包括如下步骤：An unconventional coordinated well killing method for high-pressure gas wells, realized by the above-mentioned device, includes the following steps:
(1)压井液注入量计算(1) Calculation of killing fluid injection volume
根据置换法压井计算公式计算置换法压井所需的压井液密度、注入流量等注入参数，快速配置对储层伤害小的无污染压井液，为尽快开展置换法压井做好准备；若是在现场来不及配制压井液的情况下，可以选择先注入钻井用的钻井液，以此尽早开展初期的置换法压井作业。Calculate the injection parameters such as the density of the killing fluid and the injection flow rate required for the well killing by the displacement method according to the calculation formula of the displacement method, quickly configure the non-polluting well killing fluid with little damage to the reservoir, and prepare for the implementation of the displacement method to kill the well as soon as possible ; If it is too late to prepare the killing fluid on the spot, you can choose to inject the drilling fluid used for drilling first, so as to carry out the initial displacement killing operation as early as possible.
在置换法压井过程中，为维持井底压力的平衡，从钻杆向井底注入的压井液与环空中排出气体所产生的重力差等于环空压力的减小值，如下式所示：In the well killing process of the displacement method, in order to maintain the balance of the bottom hole pressure, the gravity difference between the killing fluid injected from the drill pipe to the bottom hole and the gas discharged from the annular space is equal to the decrease of the annular pressure, as shown in the following formula:
ρzghz-g(ρg0hg0-ρghg)＝pa0-pa (1)ρz ghz -g(ρg0 hg0- ρg hg )＝pa0 -pa (1)
式中，ρz为从钻杆向井底注入的压井液密度，kg/m3；g为重力加速度，g/cm3；hz为井筒内压井液高度，m；ρg0为初始时刻气体密度，kg/m3；ρg为t时刻气体密度，kg/m3；hg0为初始时刻井筒内气柱高度，m；hg为t时刻井筒内气柱高度，m；pa0为初始时刻套压，MPa；pa为t时刻套压，MPa，套压是指井口处的套管环空压力(即环空中最上端的压力)；In the formula, ρz is the density of the killing fluid injected from the drill pipe to the bottom hole, kg/m3 ; g is the acceleration of gravity, g/cm3 ; hz is the height of the killing fluid in the wellbore, m; ρg0 is the initial moment Gas density, kg/m3 ; ρg is the gas density at time t, kg/m3 ; hg0 is the height of the gas column in the wellbore at the initial time, m; hg is the height of the gas column in the wellbore at the time t, m; pa0 is Casing pressure at the initial moment, MPa; pa is the casing pressure at time t, MPa, and casing pressure refers to the pressure in the casing annulus at the wellhead (that is, the pressure at the uppermost end of the annulus);
根据物质守恒定理可知，注入压井液的体积等于排出气体的体积与因压力变化而减小的气体体积之和，如下式所示：According to the principle of conservation of matter, the volume of the injected killing fluid is equal to the sum of the volume of the discharged gas and the volume of the gas reduced by the pressure change, as shown in the following formula:
式中，Qz为置换法压井液注入流量，L/s；Qg为气体排量，L/s；Cg为气体压缩系数，MPa-1；Vg为井筒环空内气体体积。In the formula, Qz is the displacement killing fluid injection flow rate, L/s; Qg is the gas displacement, L/s; Cg is the gas compression coefficient, MPa-1 ; Vg is the gas volume in the annulus of the wellbore.
注入的压井液密度受地层孔隙压力大小影响，为满足压井要求，注入的压井液密度ρz由下式计算得到：The injected killing fluid density is affected by the formation pore pressure. In order to meet the well killing requirements, the injected killing fluid densityρz is calculated by the following formula:
pk/(gh)<ρz<(pp-pf)/(gh) (3)pk /(gh)<ρz <(pp -pf )/(gh) (3)
式中，pk为地层孔隙压力，MPa；pp为地层破裂压力，MPa；pf为环空压井液流动时的摩阻，MPa；h为井的垂深，m。In the formula, pk is the formation pore pressure, MPa; pp is the formation fracture pressure, MPa; pf is the frictional resistance when the annulus killing fluid flows, MPa; h is the vertical depth of the well, m.
(2)从钻杆中注入压井液置换环空中气体(2) Inject killing fluid from the drill pipe to replace the gas in the annulus
根据步骤(1)得到的压井液注入流量，打开阀门A14，压井液注入泵组的压井液注入钻杆6，从钻杆6向环空5中注入压井液22，并依次打开阀门C16、阀门D17排出环空中高压气体23(现场一般是在支管线出口处将排出的气体燃烧)，以此通过注入压井液替换环空中的高压气体；According to the killing fluid injection flow rate obtained in step (1), open the valve A14, inject the killing fluid of the killing fluid injection pump group into the drill pipe 6, inject the killing fluid 22 from the drill pipe 6 into the annulus 5, and open the Valve C16 and valve D17 discharge the high-pressure gas 23 in the annulus (the discharged gas is generally burned at the outlet of the branch pipeline on site), so as to replace the high-pressure gas in the annulus by injecting killing fluid;
注入环空中的压井液由于重力作用和环空气体重力及井口回压共同保持井底压力的稳定，避免地层流体继续侵入井筒。在井口的排气管线上设计两个阀门C16和阀门D17，以此实现多级节流，一方面可以更加精确地控制井口回压的变化，另一个方面可以减小井口排气产生的节流降温效应，降低发生结冰或者水合物堵塞管线的风险。此外，为了避免出现井口节流堵塞问题，也可以在阀门C16和阀门D17附近加装加热装置。The killing fluid injected into the annular space maintains the stability of the bottomhole pressure due to the gravity, the gravity of the annular air and the back pressure of the wellhead, and prevents the formation fluid from continuing to invade the wellbore. Two valves C16 and D17 are designed on the wellhead exhaust pipeline to achieve multi-stage throttling. On the one hand, the change of wellhead back pressure can be controlled more precisely, and on the other hand, the throttling caused by wellhead exhaust can be reduced. Cooling effect, reducing the risk of freezing or hydrate blockage of the pipeline. In addition, in order to avoid the problem of throttling and clogging at the wellhead, heating devices can also be installed near the valves C16 and D17.
为提高环空中高压气体的置换效率，采用动态置换的方式，即井底压井液注入和井口气体排出同时进行。在此过程中，实时监测从钻杆注入压井液的速率、压力和从环空中排出气体的流量、压力数据，根据监测到的数据实时计算压井液注入排量的动态变化，据此实时调整阀门A、C、D的开度和压井液注入泵组的功率，提高环空中高压气体的置换效率，为分秒必争的现场压井作业争取宝贵时间。In order to improve the replacement efficiency of high-pressure gas in the annular space, a dynamic replacement method is adopted, that is, the injection of bottomhole killing fluid and the discharge of wellhead gas are carried out simultaneously. During this process, the rate and pressure of the killing fluid injected from the drill pipe and the flow and pressure data of the gas discharged from the annulus are monitored in real time, and the dynamic changes of the killing fluid injection displacement are calculated in real time according to the monitored data. Adjust the opening of valves A, C, and D and the power of the killing fluid injection pump group to improve the replacement efficiency of high-pressure gas in the annular space, and buy precious time for the on-site well killing operation where every second counts.
根据监测到的从环空中排出气体的流量、压力数据，实时计算压井液注入速率，并与监测到的压井液注入速率对比，以此来将压井液注入速率调大、调小或维持不变，注入速率是受阀门A的开度和压井液注入泵组的功率的影响，并成正相关的关系，进而再根据压井液注入速率的需要来调整阀门A的开度和压井液注入泵组的功率。此外，若是从环空中排出气体的流量过小，也就需要将阀门C、D的开度适量调大，这个得根据现场情况而定。According to the monitored flow and pressure data of the gas discharged from the annular space, the killing fluid injection rate is calculated in real time, and compared with the monitored killing fluid injection rate, so as to adjust the killing fluid injection rate up, down or The injection rate is kept constant, and the injection rate is affected by the opening of valve A and the power of the killing fluid injection pump group, and there is a positive correlation, and then the opening of valve A and the pressure The power of the well fluid injection pump set. In addition, if the flow rate of gas discharged from the annular space is too small, it is necessary to increase the opening of valves C and D appropriately, which depends on the site conditions.
(3)从环空中注入压井液压回剩余气体(3) Inject the killing hydraulic pressure from the annular space to return the remaining gas
根据压力传感器A 10、压力传感器B 11和流量计A 12、流量计B 13实时监测到的压力和的流量数据，当满足压回法压井条件(即地面压井注入泵装备的功率可以开展压回法压井作业)后，关闭阀门A 14停止从钻杆6注入压井液22，并打开阀门B 15，关闭阀门C 16和阀门D 17，转而通过向环空中注入压井液来将环空中剩余的气体压回地层，同时，在压回过程中实时监测压井液的流量、压力数据，实时调整压井液注入泵组的功率；According to the real-time pressure and flow data monitored by pressure sensor A 10, pressure sensor B 11, flow meter A 12, and flow meter B 13, when the well killing conditions of the pressure back method are met (that is, the power of the ground well killing injection pump equipment can carry out After the pressure back method kill operation), close the valve A 14 to stop the injection of the kill fluid 22 from the drill pipe 6, open the valve B 15, close the valve C 16 and the valve D 17, and turn to inject the kill fluid into the annulus. Press the remaining gas in the annulus back to the formation, and at the same time, monitor the flow and pressure data of the killing fluid in real time during the pressing back process, and adjust the power of the killing fluid injection pump group in real time;
在将环空中气体压地层过程中需使压井液下流速度大于气体上升速度，才能实现顺利压回作业，这对压井液排量提出了要求，根据气液两相流动理论，气体上升速度采用段塞流中气体上升速度计算公式：In the process of pressing the gas in the annular space into the formation, the downflow velocity of the killing fluid must be greater than the rising velocity of the gas in order to realize the smooth pressure back operation. This puts forward requirements for the displacement of the killing fluid. The formula for calculating the rising velocity of gas in slug flow is:
式中，vs为环空中气体在压井液中的滑脱上升速度，m/s；g为重力加速度，m/s2；ρL为压井液密度，kg/m3；D为水力直径，m；C为无因次常数，可以由Barnea模型计算：In the formula, vs is the slippage rising velocity of the gas in the killing fluid in the annular space, m/s; g is the acceleration of gravity, m/s2 ; ρL is the density of the killing fluid, kg/m3 ; D is the hydraulic diameter , m; C is a dimensionless constant, which can be calculated by the Barnea model:
C＝0.1725[(π+1)+K(π-1)]0.5 (5)C=0.1725[(π+1)+K(π-1)]0.5 (5)
式中，Dto为钻杆外径，m；Dci为套管内径，m；In the formula, Dto is the outer diameter of the drill pipe, m; Dci is the inner diameter of the casing, m;
根据上述计算得到的vs可以确定压回法压井液的排量，压井液排量与气体在压井液中的滑脱上升速度vs成正比，由下式计算得到：According to the vs obtained from the above calculation, the displacement of the pressure-back method can be determined. The displacement of the well killing fluid is proportional to the slippage rising speed vs of the gas in the killing fluid, and can be calculated by the following formula:
Qa>vsA (7)Qa >vs A (7)
式中，A为环空截面积，m2；Qa为压井液排量，m3/s。In the formula, A is the cross-sectional area of the annular space, m2 ; Qa is the displacement of the killing fluid, m3 /s.
同时，在压回过程中实时监测压井液的流量和井口套压变化数据，实时调整压井液注入泵组的功率和压井液注入速率：根据实时监测压井液的流量和井口套压变化数据，当发现井口套压力明显增大时，说明注入压井液速率过大，此时需要通过调小压井液注入泵组的功率来减小压井液注入速率；若是井口套压力平稳，则维持当前的压井液注入泵组功率不变。随着压井液逐渐注入环空，气体逐渐被压回地层，由于压井液液柱压力的增大，环空套压会逐渐降低。当环空中剩余气体被全部压回地层后，环空套压将会保持不变，由此说明压井成功。At the same time, monitor the flow rate of the killing fluid and the change data of the wellhead casing pressure in real time during the pumping back process, and adjust the power of the killing fluid injection pump group and the injection rate of the killing fluid in real time: according to the real-time monitoring of the flow rate of the killing fluid and the wellhead casing pressure If the wellhead casing pressure increases significantly, it means that the injection rate of the killing fluid is too high. At this time, it is necessary to reduce the killing fluid injection rate by reducing the power of the killing fluid injection pump set; if the wellhead casing pressure is stable , the current kill fluid injection pump power remains unchanged. As the killing fluid is gradually injected into the annulus, the gas is gradually pushed back into the formation, and the casing pressure in the annulus will gradually decrease due to the increase in the pressure of the killing fluid column. When the remaining gas in the annulus is all pressed back into the formation, the casing pressure in the annulus will remain unchanged, which means that the well killing is successful.
(4)从钻杆向地层注入堵漏材料(4) Inject leakage plugging material from the drill pipe into the formation
由于压回法压井过程中，地层可能会被压裂而出现裂缝，且地层中本身也可能存在裂缝，导致可能出现钻井液漏失的情况。当压井成功后，将钻杆提升至预定的堵漏层位，然后向地层中注入含堵漏材料的钻井液以提高地层的承压能力，进而重新建立安全钻井压力窗口，由于在钻杆上提过程中，环空液面下降、钻杆上提引起的抽吸压力都将引起井底压力降低，故需进行继续向环空中注入压井液保持井底压力的稳定，以防止井底气侵的再次发生，在此过程中，实时监测环空套压变化情况，据此调整压井液注入泵组的功率和注入排量大小，具体的：若是环空套压增大，说明环空中液柱压力降低(即液面下降)，需要通过提高压井液注入泵组的功率来增大压井液注入排量，以此向环空中补充压井液，避免井底再次发生气侵。Due to the pressure back method, the formation may be fractured and fractures may appear, and the formation itself may also have fractures, resulting in the possibility of drilling fluid loss. After the well killing is successful, lift the drill pipe to the predetermined plugging level, and then inject drilling fluid containing plugging materials into the formation to improve the pressure bearing capacity of the formation, and then re-establish a safe drilling pressure window. During the lifting process, the drop of the annular liquid level and the suction pressure caused by the lifting of the drill pipe will cause the bottom hole pressure to drop, so it is necessary to continue to inject killing fluid into the ring space to keep the bottom hole pressure stable to prevent bottom hole gas In this process, the change of the annular casing pressure is monitored in real time, and the power and injection displacement of the killing fluid injection pump group are adjusted accordingly. Specifically: if the annular casing pressure increases, it means that the annulus As the pressure of the liquid column decreases (i.e., the liquid level drops), it is necessary to increase the power of the killing fluid injection pump group to increase the displacement of the killing fluid injection, so as to replenish the killing fluid into the annular space and avoid gas invasion at the bottom of the well again.
当将钻杆6提升至预定的堵漏层位时，关闭阀门B15，打开阀门A14，将提前配置好的含堵漏材料的钻井液24通过压井液注入泵组经由钻杆向注入目的层位，堵漏材料随钻井液进入漏失层位。通过堵漏材料颗粒之间的桥接作用封堵漏失裂缝，提高目的地层的承压能力When the drill pipe 6 is lifted to the predetermined plugging level, close the valve B15, open the valve A14, and inject the pre-configured drilling fluid 24 containing the plugging material into the target layer through the killing fluid injection pump set through the drill pipe. The lost circulation plugging material enters the lost zone with the drilling fluid. Seal the leakage fracture through the bridging effect between the plugging material particles, and improve the pressure bearing capacity of the destination layer
通过堵漏承压建立起的安全钻井压力窗口可以由下式表示：The safe drilling pressure window established by leak plugging and pressure bearing can be expressed by the following formula:
ΔPs＝Pb-Max{Pc,Pp} (8)ΔPs =Pb -Max{Pc ,Pp } (8)
式中：ΔPs为通过堵漏承压建立起的安全钻井压力窗口，MPa；Pb为堵漏承压后的地层破裂压力，MPa；Pc为地层坍塌压力，MPa；Pp为地层孔隙压力，MPa。In the formula: ΔPs is the safe drilling pressure window established by plugging and pressure bearing, MPa; Pb is the formation fracture pressure after plugging and pressure bearing, MPa; Pc is the formation collapse pressure, MPa; Pp is the formation pore Pressure, MPa.
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310672628.5ACN116607899B (en) | 2023-06-08 | 2023-06-08 | Unconventional coordinated well killing device and method for high-pressure gas wells |
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| CN202310672628.5ACN116607899B (en) | 2023-06-08 | 2023-06-08 | Unconventional coordinated well killing device and method for high-pressure gas wells |
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