技术领域technical field
本发明主要涉及锂离子电池仿真模型技术领域，尤其涉及一种锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法、装置和电子设备。The present invention mainly relates to the technical field of lithium-ion battery simulation models, in particular to a method, device and electronic equipment for acquiring modeling parameters of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system.
背景技术Background technique
等效电路模型是一种常用的用于表征锂离子电池外特性的建模方式，它较好地兼顾了建模精度和模型复杂度。基于实际系统拓扑结构，通过构建储能系统等效电路仿真模型，可较好地应用于系统性能仿真。对储能电池系统建立等效电路仿真模型，可用于故障模拟分析、电芯来料一致性参数标准制定和系统拓扑结构优化等场景。不同使用工况下储能系统性能指标能较易通过调整仿真模型参数、使用工况环境来进行模拟，具有高可靠性且无安全风险。采用仿真方式可有效降低开发成本，加快研发速度。The equivalent circuit model is a commonly used modeling method for characterizing the external characteristics of lithium-ion batteries, which better balances the modeling accuracy and model complexity. Based on the actual system topology, by constructing the equivalent circuit simulation model of the energy storage system, it can be better applied to the system performance simulation. The equivalent circuit simulation model of the energy storage battery system can be established, which can be used in scenarios such as fault simulation analysis, consistency parameter standard formulation of incoming battery cells, and system topology optimization. The performance indicators of the energy storage system under different working conditions can be simulated easily by adjusting the parameters of the simulation model and the working environment, which has high reliability and no safety risk. The use of simulation can effectively reduce development costs and speed up research and development.
等效电路建模方法已较为成熟，应用广泛，在车载动力系统的SOC(State ofCharge，荷电状态)估计也多有应用，但目前用于储能系统建模、仿真还少有报道。等效电路模型搭建，核心问题在于如何获取准确的电池等效电阻R、电容C参数，参数的准确性直接决定了仿真模型的精度。但由于锂离子电池属于复杂的电化学体系，其内部等效阻值、容特性极易受实际运行工况影响和荷电状态的影响，如何获得准确性高、适用性强的参数，是当前建模方法开发阶段重点关注的问题。The equivalent circuit modeling method is relatively mature and widely used. It is also widely used in the SOC (State of Charge) estimation of vehicle power systems. However, there are few reports on the modeling and simulation of energy storage systems. The core problem in building an equivalent circuit model is how to obtain accurate battery equivalent resistance R and capacitance C parameters. The accuracy of the parameters directly determines the accuracy of the simulation model. However, since lithium-ion batteries belong to complex electrochemical systems, their internal equivalent resistance and capacitance characteristics are easily affected by actual operating conditions and state of charge. How to obtain parameters with high accuracy and strong applicability is the current Issues to focus on during the modeling method development phase.
当前等效电路参数获取多通过对电芯进行HPPC(Hybrid Pulse PowerCharacteristic，混合功率脉冲特性)测试，获取样品在脉冲激励下的电压响应曲线，然后以获取的实测电压响应曲线与等效模型输出电压进行拟合，以误差最小为优化目标，通过机器算法实现电阻R、电容C参数的估计。该方法的不足之处在于：1、标准混合功率脉冲特性测试方案可获得设置的指定荷电状态断点下电芯零输入和零状态响应，通过拟合响应曲线的方式获得该荷电状态点下的等效参数，但实际系统为激励信号(电流/功率)随时间变化的连续信号，而标准的混合功率脉冲特性工况具有局限性，难以覆盖所有实际使用工况导致参数适用性和精度受限；2、等效R、C参数为随荷电状态变化的变量，混合功率脉冲特性测试时荷电状态断点的设置方式决定了参数查表的范围，较密集的荷电状态断点可提高精度但计算量过大，而较少的荷电状态点设置又极易造成拟合过程参数寻优时不收敛。The current equivalent circuit parameters are mostly obtained by performing HPPC (Hybrid Pulse PowerCharacteristic) tests on the cells to obtain the voltage response curve of the sample under pulse excitation, and then use the obtained measured voltage response curve and the equivalent model output voltage Fitting is carried out, and the optimization goal is to minimize the error, and the parameters of resistance R and capacitance C are estimated through machine algorithms. The disadvantages of this method are: 1. The standard mixed power pulse characteristic test scheme can obtain the zero input and zero state response of the cell under the set specified state of charge breakpoint, and the state of charge point can be obtained by fitting the response curve However, the actual system is a continuous signal in which the excitation signal (current/power) changes with time, and the standard mixed power pulse characteristic working condition has limitations, and it is difficult to cover all actual working conditions, resulting in parameter applicability and accuracy Limited; 2. The equivalent R and C parameters are variables that change with the state of charge. The setting method of the state of charge breakpoint during the mixed power pulse characteristic test determines the range of the parameter look-up table, and the denser state of charge breakpoint It can improve the accuracy, but the amount of calculation is too large, and the setting of fewer state-of-charge points can easily cause non-convergence when optimizing the parameters of the fitting process.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法、装置和电子设备，以节约测试资源，仅需要较少实测数据即可完成实际使用工况的等效电路参数获取，降低开发成本。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method, device and electronic equipment for obtaining modeling parameters of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system, so as to save test resources and only need less measured data to complete the equivalent circuit of the actual working condition Parameter acquisition reduces development costs.
为解决上述技术问题，第一方面，本发明提供了一种锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法，包括：获取所述锂离子电池储能系统在不同荷电状态下的脉冲电压响应，所述脉冲电压响应是通过对所述锂离子电池储能系统脉冲充放电激励而得；在每个所述荷电状态下，根据所述脉冲电压响应求取所构建的等效电路参数的初始值；获取所述锂离子电池储能系统的工况电压响应曲线，所述工况电压响应曲线是在实际使用工况过程中动态电压与荷电状态的函数关系；以每个所述荷电状态为分隔点，将所述工况电压响应曲线进行分段；对每段实际使用工况，将对应的初始值赋给所述等效电路，以实际使用工况的工况电压响应曲线作为目标曲线进行参数辨识寻优，得到符合实际使用工况的等效电路参数。In order to solve the above technical problems, in the first aspect, the present invention provides a method for acquiring modeling parameters of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system, comprising: acquiring the pulse voltage response of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system under different states of charge, The pulse voltage response is obtained by stimulating the lithium-ion battery energy storage system with pulse charge and discharge; in each state of charge, the initial value of the constructed equivalent circuit parameters is calculated according to the pulse voltage response. value; obtain the working condition voltage response curve of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, the working condition voltage response curve is the functional relationship between the dynamic voltage and the state of charge in the actual use working condition process; The state is the separation point, and the voltage response curve of the working condition is segmented; for each actual working condition, the corresponding initial value is assigned to the equivalent circuit, and the working condition voltage response curve of the actual working condition is used as The target curve is used for parameter identification and optimization, and the equivalent circuit parameters in line with the actual working conditions are obtained.
可选地，所述脉冲电压响应由混合功率脉冲特性测试而得，在混合功率脉冲特性测试的初期和末期的荷电状态间隔大于中期的荷电状态间隔。Optionally, the pulse voltage response is obtained from a mixed power pulse characteristic test, and the SOC intervals at the beginning and end of the mixed power pulse characteristic test are greater than the SOC intervals at the middle stage.
可选地，还包括：在所述混合功率脉冲特性测试过程中，对每个所述荷电状态下所述锂离子电池储能系统分别进行充电、放电调荷，静置一段时间后再进行脉冲充放电。Optionally, it also includes: during the mixed power pulse characteristic test process, charging and discharging the lithium-ion battery energy storage system in each state of charge, respectively, and performing charge adjustment after standing for a period of time. Pulse charge and discharge.
可选地，所述等效电路为n阶RC模型等效电路，其中n≥2。Optionally, the equivalent circuit is an n-order RC model equivalent circuit, where n≥2.
可选地，所述等效电路参数包括等效欧姆电阻R0，所述等效欧姆电阻R0通过静置-充电瞬间前后电压ΔU与电流I比值计算。Optionally, the equivalent circuit parameters include an equivalent ohmic resistance R0 , and the equivalent ohmic resistance R0 is calculated by the ratio of the voltage ΔU to the current I before and after the instant of standing-charging.
可选地，所述等效电路参数还包括：电阻R1～Rn和电容C1～Cn，通过等效函数表达式求取电阻R1～Rn和电容C1～Cn的初始值；其中τ1＝R1C1，τ2＝R2C2，...，τn＝RnCn，a＝＝UOCV-UR0，而参数a1、a2、...、an分别为常数值，UOCV为等效电源电压，UR0为等效欧姆电阻R0两端的电压。Optionally, the equivalent circuit parameters further include: resistors R1 ˜Rn and capacitors C1 ˜Cn , expressed by the equivalent function Obtain the initial values of resistors R1 ~ Rn and capacitors C1 ~ Cn ; where τ1 = R1 C1 , τ2 = R2 C2 ,..., τn = Rn Cn , a = =UOCV -UR0 , and the parameters a1 , a2 , ..., an are constant values respectively, UOCV is the equivalent power supply voltage, and UR0 is the voltage across the equivalent ohmic resistance R0 .
可选地，以实际使用工况的工况电压响应曲线作为目标曲线进行参数辨识寻优，得到符合实际使用工况的等效电路参数还包括：以所述工况电压响应曲线为目标曲线进行参数自动辨识，根据设定的收敛条件获取优化的等效电路参数。Optionally, using the working condition voltage response curve of the actual working condition as the target curve to perform parameter identification and optimization, and obtaining the equivalent circuit parameters in line with the actual working condition further includes: taking the working condition voltage response curve as the target curve to perform Parameters are automatically identified, and the optimized equivalent circuit parameters are obtained according to the set convergence conditions.
可选地，所述收敛条件为寻优后的仿真值与所述工况电压响应曲线上对应值的差值小于等于设定的阈值，或者寻优次数达到了设定的最大迭代次数。Optionally, the convergence condition is that the difference between the optimized simulation value and the corresponding value on the working condition voltage response curve is less than or equal to a set threshold, or the number of optimizations reaches a set maximum number of iterations.
第二方面，本发明提供了一种锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取装置，包括：第一获取模块，用于获取所述锂离子电池储能系统在不同荷电状态下的脉冲电压响应，所述脉冲电压响应是通过对所述锂离子电池储能系统脉冲充放电激励而得；求取模块，用于在每个所述荷电状态下，根据所述脉冲电压响应求取所构建的等效电路参数的初始值；第二获取模块，用于获取所述锂离子电池储能系统的工况电压响应曲线，所述工况电压响应曲线是在实际使用工况过程中动态电压与荷电状态的函数关系；分段模块，用于以每个所述荷电状态为分隔点，将所述工况电压响应曲线进行分段；寻优模块，用于对每段实际使用工况，将对应的初始值赋给所述等效电路，以实际使用工况的工况电压响应曲线作为目标曲线进行参数辨识寻优，得到符合实际使用工况的等效电路参数。In a second aspect, the present invention provides a device for acquiring modeling parameters of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system, including: a first acquisition module, configured to acquire the pulse voltage response of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system under different states of charge , the pulse voltage response is obtained by stimulating the lithium-ion battery energy storage system with pulse charge and discharge; the obtaining module is used to obtain the constructed voltage according to the pulse voltage response in each state of charge. The initial value of the equivalent circuit parameter; the second acquisition module is used to acquire the working condition voltage response curve of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, and the working condition voltage response curve is the dynamic voltage and The functional relationship of the state of charge; the segmentation module is used to segment the voltage response curve of the working condition with each said state of charge as a separation point; , assigning the corresponding initial value to the equivalent circuit, using the working condition voltage response curve of the actual working condition as the target curve to carry out parameter identification and optimization, and obtain the equivalent circuit parameters conforming to the actual working condition.
第三方面，本发明提供了一种电子设备，包括：处理器和存储器，所述存储器存储可在所述处理器上运行的程序或指令，所述程序或指令被所述处理器执行时实现如第一方面所述的锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法的步骤。In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, including: a processor and a memory, the memory stores programs or instructions that can run on the processor, and the programs or instructions are implemented when executed by the processor. The steps of the method for obtaining modeling parameters of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system described in the first aspect.
第四方面，本发明提供了一种可读存储介质，所述可读存储介质上存储程序或指令，所述程序或指令被处理器执行时实现如第一方面所述的锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法的步骤。In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a readable storage medium, on which a program or instruction is stored, and when the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the lithium-ion battery energy storage as described in the first aspect is realized The steps of the method for obtaining system modeling parameters.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：首先获取锂离子电池储能系统在不同荷电状态下的脉冲电压响应；其次在每个荷电状态下，根据脉冲电压响应求取所构建的等效电路参数的初始值；再获取锂离子电池储能系统的工况电压响应曲线；又以每个荷电状态为分隔点，将工况电压响应曲线进行分段；最后对每段实际使用工况，将对应的初始值赋给等效电路，以实际使用工况的工况电压响应曲线作为目标曲线进行参数辨识寻优，得到符合实际使用工况的等效电路参数，进而可以节约测试资源，仅需要较少实测数据即可完成实际使用工况的参数获取，降低开发成本，也提高了储能系统仿真精度，获得匹配不同实际使用工况的等效电路参数，具有更好的适应性。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: firstly, obtain the pulse voltage response of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system in different states of charge; secondly, in each state of charge, obtain the constructed The initial value of the equivalent circuit parameters; then obtain the working condition voltage response curve of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system; and use each state of charge as a separation point to segment the working condition voltage response curve; finally, the actual use of each segment For working conditions, the corresponding initial value is assigned to the equivalent circuit, and the working condition voltage response curve of the actual working condition is used as the target curve to carry out parameter identification and optimization, and the equivalent circuit parameters in line with the actual working condition are obtained, which can save testing Resources, only need less measured data to complete the acquisition of parameters of the actual working conditions, reduce development costs, improve the simulation accuracy of the energy storage system, obtain equivalent circuit parameters matching different actual working conditions, and have better adaptability sex.
附图说明Description of drawings
包括附图是为提供对本申请进一步的理解，它们被收录并构成本申请的一部分，附图示出了本申请的实施例，并与本说明书一起起到解释本申请原理的作用。附图中：The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present application, and they are included and constitute a part of the present application. The accompanying drawings show the embodiments of the present application, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application. In the attached picture:
图1是本发明一实施例锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法的流程示意图；1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for obtaining modeling parameters of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明另一实施例锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法的流程示意图；2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for obtaining modeling parameters of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明中LFP锂离子电池电压特性曲线示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the voltage characteristic curve of the LFP lithium-ion battery in the present invention;
图4是本发明中一种锂离子电池n阶RC模型等效电路模型示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit model of an n-order RC model of a lithium ion battery in the present invention;
图5是本发明中脉冲电压响应的曲线示意图；Fig. 5 is the curve schematic diagram of impulse voltage response among the present invention;
图6是本发明中一种锂离子电池二阶RC模型等效电路模型示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a lithium-ion battery second-order RC model equivalent circuit model in the present invention;
图7是本发明一实施例中二阶RC模型等效电路充电工况电压的拟合示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second-order RC model equivalent circuit charging condition voltage fitting in an embodiment of the present invention;
图8是本发明一实施例中二阶RC模型等效电路充电工况温度的拟合示意图；Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the temperature fitting of the second-order RC model equivalent circuit charging working condition temperature in an embodiment of the present invention;
图9是本发明一实施例中二阶RC模型等效电路放电工况电压的拟合示意图；Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second-order RC model equivalent circuit discharge condition voltage fitting in an embodiment of the present invention;
图10是本发明一实施例中二阶RC模型等效电路放电工况温度的拟合示意图；Fig. 10 is a fitting schematic diagram of the discharge working condition temperature of the second-order RC model equivalent circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;
图11是本发明一实施例中三阶RC模型等效电路充电工况电压的拟合示意图；Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of fitting voltage of a third-order RC model equivalent circuit charging working condition voltage in an embodiment of the present invention;
图12是本发明一实施例中三阶RC模型等效电路充电工况温度的拟合示意图；Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the temperature fitting of the third-order RC model equivalent circuit charging working condition temperature in an embodiment of the present invention;
图13是本发明一实施例中三阶RC模型等效电路放电工况电压的拟合示意图；Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the fitting of the discharge working condition voltage of the equivalent circuit of the third-order RC model in an embodiment of the present invention;
图14是本发明一实施例中三阶RC模型等效电路放电工况温度的拟合示意图；Fig. 14 is a fitting schematic diagram of the temperature of the discharge working condition of the equivalent circuit of the third-order RC model in an embodiment of the present invention;
图15是本发明一实施例锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取装置的结构示意图；Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an acquisition device for modeling parameters of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图16是根据本发明一实施例示出的电子设备示意图。Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了更清楚地说明本申请的实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些示例或实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图将本申请应用于其他类似情景。除非从语言环境中显而易见或另做说明，图中相同标号代表相同结构或操作。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some examples or embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can also apply the present application to other similar scenarios. Unless otherwise apparent from context or otherwise indicated, like reference numerals in the figures represent like structures or operations.
如本申请和权利要求书中所示，除非上下文明确提示例外情形，“一”、“一个”、“一种”和/或“该”等词并非特指单数，也可包括复数。一般说来，术语“包括”与“包含”仅提示包括已明确标识的步骤和元素，而这些步骤和元素不构成一个排它性的罗列，方法或者设备也可能包含其他的步骤或元素。As indicated in this application and claims, the terms "a", "an", "an" and/or "the" do not refer to the singular and may include the plural unless the context clearly indicates an exception. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "comprising" only suggest the inclusion of clearly identified steps and elements, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or device may also contain other steps or elements.
除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本申请的范围。同时，应当明白，为了便于描述，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。The relative arrangements of components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application unless specifically stated otherwise. At the same time, it should be understood that, for the convenience of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. Techniques, methods and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods and devices should be considered part of the Authorized Specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as illustrative only, and not as limiting. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiment may have different values. It should be noted that like numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further discussion in subsequent figures.
本申请中使用了流程图用来说明根据本申请的实施例的系统所执行的操作。应当理解的是，前面或下面操作不一定按照顺序来精确地执行。相反，可以按照倒序或同时处理各种步骤。同时，或将其他操作添加到这些过程中，或从这些过程移除某一步或数步操作。The flow chart is used in this application to illustrate the operations performed by the system according to the embodiment of this application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in an exact order. Instead, various steps may be processed in reverse order or concurrently. At the same time, other operations are either added to these procedures, or a certain step or steps are removed from these procedures.
实施例一Embodiment one
图1是本发明一实施例锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法的流程示意图，参考图1，所示方法100包括：Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for obtaining modeling parameters of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 1, the shown method 100 includes:
S110、获取所述锂离子电池储能系统在不同荷电状态下的脉冲电压响应，所述脉冲电压响应是通过对所述锂离子电池储能系统脉冲充放电激励而得。S110. Obtain pulse voltage responses of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system under different states of charge, where the pulse voltage responses are obtained by stimulating the lithium-ion battery energy storage system with pulse charge and discharge.
在一示例中，脉冲电压响应由混合功率脉冲特性测试而得，在混合功率脉冲特性测试的初期和末期的荷电状态间隔大于中期的荷电状态间隔。In one example, the pulse voltage response is obtained from a mixed power pulse characteristic test, and the SOC intervals at the beginning and end of the mixed power pulse characteristic test are larger than those at the middle stage.
混合脉冲功率特性测试是动力电池性能评估中的一项重要的测试方法，其主要针对混合动力车用电池系统、模块以及电池单体进行性能评估及电源系统管理等。混合脉冲功率特性测试用于体现动力电池脉冲充放电性能，其基本思想是使用一个周期性的脉冲(短时间内大电流)对电池进行放电、充电及静置，相当于在电压输出端接上一个可变的负载，可以实现恒流充放电的使用工况，同时还可以记录端电压随时间的变化曲线。能够理解的是，只有当电路中的电流发生变化时，才能通过端电压曲线判断电容或电感的存在，如果使用一个恒定的电流激励的话，电路达到稳态的时候是不能判断电路是否含有电容的。The hybrid pulse power characteristic test is an important test method in the performance evaluation of power batteries. It is mainly aimed at performance evaluation and power system management of battery systems, modules, and battery cells for hybrid vehicles. The mixed pulse power characteristic test is used to reflect the pulse charge and discharge performance of the power battery. The basic idea is to use a periodic pulse (high current in a short time) to discharge, charge and rest the battery, which is equivalent to A variable load can realize the working condition of constant current charging and discharging, and can also record the change curve of terminal voltage with time. It can be understood that only when the current in the circuit changes, the existence of capacitance or inductance can be judged through the terminal voltage curve. If a constant current excitation is used, it cannot be judged whether the circuit contains capacitance when the circuit reaches a steady state. .
在本实施例中，以某型号储能用磷酸铁锂(LFP)锂离子电池cell_1为例，如图3所示，图3是本发明中LFP锂离子电池电压特性曲线示意图，由于铁锂具有较长的电压平台期，其充电初期S1和充电末期S3电压随荷电状态快速变化，而在中间荷电状态段S2电压波动较小。因此，为了准确的表征混合功率脉冲特性测试的准确性以及更好地将测试结果应用在后续寻优过程中，本实施例中混合功率脉冲特性测试的初期和末期的荷电状态间隔大于中期的荷电状态间隔。In this embodiment, a certain type of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) lithium-ion battery cell_1 for energy storage is taken as an example, as shown in Figure 3, which is a schematic diagram of the voltage characteristic curve of the LFP lithium-ion battery in the present invention. In the longer voltage plateau period, the voltage of S1 at the initial stage of charging and the voltage of S3 at the end of charging change rapidly with the state of charge, while the voltage fluctuation of S2 in the middle state of charge stage is small. Therefore, in order to accurately characterize the accuracy of the mixed power pulse characteristic test and to better apply the test results in the subsequent optimization process, the SOC interval between the initial stage and the end stage of the mixed power pulse characteristic test in this embodiment is greater than that in the middle period. State of charge interval.
在一示例中，在混合功率脉冲特性测试过程中，对每个荷电状态下锂离子电池储能系统分别进行充电、放电调荷，静置一段时间后再进行脉冲充放电。In one example, during the mixed power pulse characteristic test, the lithium-ion battery energy storage system in each state of charge is charged, discharged and adjusted, and then charged and discharged by pulse after standing for a period of time.
在本实施例中，根据储能常用铁锂平台具有平台电压特性，在测试初期和测试末期设置较密集的荷电状态间隔点，而测试中期(中部平台期)可适当减少荷电状态点，进行脉冲充放电流激励获得样品脉冲电压响应。In this embodiment, according to the plateau voltage characteristics of the commonly used iron-lithium platform for energy storage, denser SOC interval points are set at the initial stage of the test and at the end of the test, and the SOC points can be appropriately reduced in the middle stage of the test (the middle plateau stage). Pulse charge and discharge current excitation was performed to obtain the sample pulse voltage response.
示例性的，以某型号储能用磷酸铁锂锂离子电池cell_1为例，对测试样品电芯cell_1进行初始化定容C0，室温调荷至0％荷电状态，充分热平衡(静置≥2h)，基于定容结果用于准确调荷。再根据电芯cell_1平台特性，将混合功率脉冲特性测试分为如图3所示的三个阶段，分别是充电初期S1：0～33％荷电状态，充电平台期(中期)S2：33％～86％荷电状态，以及充电末期S3：86％～100％荷电状态(三元体系由于线性度较好，也可按照等荷电状态间隔进行设置)。Exemplarily, taking a certain type of lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery cell_1 for energy storage as an example, initialize the test sample cell_1 with constant capacity C0, adjust the charge at room temperature to 0% state of charge, and fully thermally balance (stand still ≥ 2h) , based on constant volume results for accurate load adjustment. According to the characteristics of the battery cell_1 platform, the mixed power pulse characteristic test is divided into three stages as shown in Figure 3, which are the initial stage of charging S1: 0-33% state of charge, and the charging stage (middle stage) S2: 33% ~86% state of charge, and S3 at the end of charging: 86%~100% state of charge (the ternary system can also be set according to the interval of equal state of charge due to its better linearity).
对于初期S1：每3.3％荷电状态进行1C(充电倍率)恒流充电调荷，静置2h后，分别进行2C脉冲充、放电各持续5s，脉冲之间静置60s，采样精度设置为0.1s；For the initial S1: every 3.3% state of charge, carry out 1C (charging rate) constant current charging and regulating, after standing for 2 hours, carry out 2C pulse charging and discharging respectively for 5 seconds, and stand between pulses for 60 seconds, and the sampling accuracy is set to 0.1 s;
对于中期S2：每6.6％荷电状态调荷静置，进行1C(充电倍率)恒流充电调荷，静置2h后，分别进行2C脉冲充、放电各持续5s，脉冲之间静置60s，采样精度设置为0.1s；For mid-term S2: every 6.6% of the state of charge, the charge is adjusted and the load is adjusted at a constant current of 1C (charge rate). The sampling accuracy is set to 0.1s;
对于末期S3：每3.3％荷电状态调荷静置，进行1C(充电倍率)恒流充电调荷，静置2h后，分别进行2C脉冲充、放电各持续5s，脉冲之间静置60s，采样精度设置为0.1s，直至100％荷电状态。For the final stage S3: every 3.3% of the state of charge, the charge is adjusted and the load is adjusted at a constant current of 1C (charge rate). The sampling accuracy is set to 0.1s until 100% SOC.
通过上述步骤获得的脉冲测试数据，涵盖了测试样品各充电阶段的特征，可在兼顾精度的同时降低测试资源占用。The pulse test data obtained through the above steps covers the characteristics of each charging stage of the test sample, which can reduce the occupancy of test resources while taking into account the accuracy.
S120、在每个所述荷电状态下，根据所述脉冲电压响应求取所构建的等效电路参数的初始值。S120. In each state of charge, obtain initial values of constructed equivalent circuit parameters according to the impulse voltage response.
电池的电量估计、电池的均衡以及电池的充放电性能指标都是电池应用于各领域的重要研究对象，它们的精确计算离不开电池模型。目前常用的电池模型有神经网络模型、热模型、电化学模型和等效电路模型等，其中应用最广泛的是等效电路模型。等效电路模型是使用电压源、电容、电感、电阻等简单元件的串并联构成的网络来等效实际电池的外特性，如Rint模型、Thevenin模型、PNGV模型、Universal模型、RC模型等。Battery power estimation, battery balancing, and battery charge and discharge performance indicators are all important research objects for battery applications in various fields, and their accurate calculations are inseparable from battery models. Currently commonly used battery models include neural network models, thermal models, electrochemical models, and equivalent circuit models, among which the equivalent circuit model is the most widely used. The equivalent circuit model is a network composed of a series-parallel connection of simple components such as voltage sources, capacitors, inductors, and resistors to equivalent the external characteristics of an actual battery, such as Rint model, Thevenin model, PNGV model, Universal model, RC model, etc.
在本实施例中，根据混合功率脉冲特性测试，可以获取锂离子电池的电流和电压等数据，再通过预估的等效电路模型，进而确定等效电路模型中元件的参数值。例如，在获取到电流和电压等数据后，利用最小二乘拟合法得到等效电路参数的数值。In this embodiment, according to the mixed power pulse characteristic test, the current and voltage data of the lithium-ion battery can be obtained, and then the parameter values of the components in the equivalent circuit model can be determined through the estimated equivalent circuit model. For example, after obtaining data such as current and voltage, use the least squares fitting method to obtain the values of the equivalent circuit parameters.
在一示例中，等效电路为n阶RC模型等效电路，其中n≥2，如图4所示。进一步地，等效电路参数包括等效欧姆电阻R0，等效欧姆电阻R0通过静置-充电瞬间前后电压ΔU与电流I比值计算。进一步地，等效电路参数还包括：电阻R1～Rn和电容C1～Cn，通过等效函数表达式求取电阻R1～Rn和电容C1～Cn的初始值；其中τ1＝R1C1，τ2＝R2C2，...，τn＝RnCn，a＝UOCV-UR0，而参数a1、a2、...、an分别为常数值，UOCV为等效电源电压，UR0为等效欧姆电阻R0两端的电压。In an example, the equivalent circuit is an n-order RC model equivalent circuit, where n≥2, as shown in FIG. 4 . Further, the equivalent circuit parameters include equivalent ohmic resistance R0 , and the equivalent ohmic resistance R0 is calculated by the ratio of voltage ΔU to current I before and after the instant of standing-charging. Further, the equivalent circuit parameters also include: resistors R1 ~Rn and capacitors C1 ~Cn , through the equivalent function expression Obtain the initial values of resistors R1 ~ Rn and capacitors C1 ~ Cn ; where τ1 = R1 C1 , τ2 = R2 C2 ,..., τn = Rn Cn , a = UOCV -UR0 , and the parameters a1 , a2 , ..., an are constant values respectively, UOCV is the equivalent power supply voltage, and UR0 is the voltage across the equivalent ohmic resistance R0 .
示例性的，如图6所示，图6是本发明中一种锂离子电池二阶RC模型等效电路模型示意图，其中R0为等效欧姆内阻，R1、C1分别为电化学极化电阻和电容，R2和C2分别为浓度差极化等效电阻和电容，u为动态电压。通过前述相关步骤可获得0％、…、3.3％、…、33％、36.6％、…、86％、…、100％总计24个荷电状态时刻对应的样品脉冲暂态电压响应曲线及荷电状态-动态电压查表值。Exemplarily, as shown in Figure 6, Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit model of a second-order RC model of a lithium-ion battery in the present invention, wherein R0 is the equivalent ohmic internal resistance, and R1 and C1 are electrochemical polarization resistances respectively and capacitance, R2 and C2 are concentration difference polarization equivalent resistance and capacitance respectively, and u is dynamic voltage. Through the above related steps, the sample pulse transient voltage response curves and charge corresponding to a total of 24 state of charge moments of 0%, ..., 3.3%, ..., 33%, 36.6%, ..., 86%, ..., 100% can be obtained State - dynamic voltage look-up table value.
在本实施例中，可以在simulink平台搭建对应等效电路仿真模型，如二阶RC模型等效电路模型，其等效欧姆电阻R0可通过静置-充电瞬间前后电压ΔU与电流的I比值计算，而脉冲过程及静置恢复状态则由极化效应导致，等效函数表达式为其中τ1＝R1C1，τ2＝In this embodiment, a corresponding equivalent circuit simulation model can be built on the simulink platform, such as a second-order RC model equivalent circuit model, and its equivalent ohmic resistance R0 can be calculated by the ratio of voltage ΔU to current I before and after the moment of standing-charging , while the pulse process and the static recovery state are caused by the polarization effect, the equivalent function expression is where τ1 =R1 C1 , τ2 =
R2C2，a＝UOCV-UR0，而参数b、c分别为常数值，通过曲线拟合工具，将L1、L2、…、L24作为仿真模型函数目标值，可精准解析出对应R1、C1和R2、C2的值。R2 C2 , a=UOCV -UR0 , and parameters b and c are constant values respectively. By using the curve fitting tool, L1, L2, ..., L24 are used as the target values of the simulation model function, and the corresponding R1 can be accurately analyzed , C1 and R2, the value of C2.
依次执行上述步骤，可得各荷电状态处参数的初始值θ0＝{R00[L1～L24]、R10[L1～L24]、R20[L1～L24]、C10[L1～L24]、C20[L1～L24]}。Carrying out the above steps in sequence, the initial value of the parameters at each state of charge θ0={R00[L1~L24], R10[L1~L24], R20[L1~L24], C10[L1~L24], C20[L1 ~L24]}.
上述参数求取方式在其他多阶等效电路模型中具有相同的适用性，增加RC并联单元则可提高模型精度，但会增加模型复杂度。The above method of obtaining parameters has the same applicability in other multi-order equivalent circuit models. Adding RC parallel units can improve the accuracy of the model, but it will increase the complexity of the model.
示例性的，以某型号100Ah容量磷酸铁锂电芯样品为例，按照相同测试步骤，获取HPPC测试标定结果。为说明本实施例方法具有普遍适用性，采用恒流工况、不同温度拟合效果对比。多阶等效电路模型待拟合的等效电路模型表达式随RC并联单元个数增加而变化，以3阶RC为例，其模型描述的电芯动态过程电压响应表达式为：Exemplarily, taking a certain type of 100Ah capacity lithium iron phosphate battery sample as an example, follow the same test steps to obtain the HPPC test calibration results. In order to illustrate the universal applicability of the method in this example, a constant current working condition and different temperature fitting effects were used to compare. The expression of the equivalent circuit model to be fitted by the multi-order equivalent circuit model changes with the increase of the number of RC parallel units. Taking the third-order RC as an example, the expression of the dynamic process voltage response of the cell described by the model is:
其中，τ1＝R1C1，τ2＝R2C2，τ3＝ Among them, τ1 =R1 C1 , τ2 =R2 C2 , τ3 =
R3C3，进而可解析出对应R1、C1、R2、C2、R3、C3的值。R3 C3 , and then the values corresponding to R1 , C1 , R2 , C2 , R3 , and C3 can be analyzed.
S130、获取所述锂离子电池储能系统的工况电压响应曲线，所述工况电压响应曲线是在实际使用工况过程中动态电压与荷电状态的函数关系。S130. Obtain a working condition voltage response curve of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, where the working condition voltage response curve is a functional relationship between a dynamic voltage and a state of charge during an actual working condition.
在本实施例中，完成混合功率脉冲特性测试后，可基于实际运行的连续工况进行实测，并记录样品的工况电压响应曲线，实际连续工况测试结果为精准建模提供依据。In this embodiment, after the mixed power pulse characteristic test is completed, the actual measurement can be carried out based on the actual continuous working condition, and the working condition voltage response curve of the sample can be recorded. The actual continuous working condition test results provide a basis for accurate modeling.
S140、以每个所述荷电状态为分隔点，将所述工况电压响应曲线进行分段。S140. Using each state of charge as a separation point, segment the operating condition voltage response curve.
示例性的，在获取锂离子电池储能系统在不同荷电状态下的脉冲电压响应的过程中，对应有若干荷电状态，包括0％、…、3.3％、…、33％、36.6％、…、86％、…、100％总计24个荷电状态时刻，以这些荷电状态时刻为分隔点，应用于获取到的工况电压响应曲线，进而可以以荷电状态组成的分隔点对工况电压响应曲线进行分段，截取对应的工况电压响应曲线分别为L1、L2、…、L24，当然也获得实际使用工况下的电压响应过程(以L_char表示)。Exemplarily, in the process of obtaining the pulse voltage response of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system under different states of charge, there are several corresponding states of charge, including 0%, ..., 3.3%, ..., 33%, 36.6%, ..., 86%, ..., 100% for a total of 24 state-of-charge moments, and these state-of-charge moments are used as separation points to apply to the obtained voltage response curve of the working condition, and then the separation point composed of the state of charge can be used for Segmentation of the voltage response curve under working conditions, intercepting corresponding voltage response curves under working conditions as L1, L2, ..., L24, and of course also obtaining the voltage response process under actual working conditions (expressed in L_char).
S150、对每段实际使用工况，将对应的初始值赋给所述等效电路，以实际使用工况的工况电压响应曲线作为目标曲线进行参数辨识寻优，得到符合实际使用工况的等效电路参数。S150. For each actual working condition, assign the corresponding initial value to the equivalent circuit, use the working condition voltage response curve of the actual working condition as the target curve to perform parameter identification and optimization, and obtain a parameter that meets the actual working condition Equivalent circuit parameters.
实际等效电路参数不仅受荷电状态的影响，还受倍率、温度等耦合因素影响，因此基于脉冲激励辨识的结果与实际工况仍存在系统性误差。The actual equivalent circuit parameters are not only affected by the state of charge, but also by coupling factors such as magnification and temperature. Therefore, there are still systematic errors between the identification results based on pulse excitation and the actual working conditions.
在本实施例中，分段拟合的等效参数初始值θ0载入仿真模型，以L_char(具体来说是L_char中各段工况电压响应曲线)为目标函数进行参数自动辨识寻优，进而得到符合实际使用工况的等效电路参数。In this embodiment, the initial value θ0 of the equivalent parameters of the segmental fitting is loaded into the simulation model, and the parameters are automatically identified and optimized with L_char (specifically, the voltage response curve of each segment of the working condition in L_char) as the objective function, and then The equivalent circuit parameters that meet the actual working conditions are obtained.
以二阶RC模型等效电路为例，其包括将分段拟合的等效参数初始值效欧姆电阻R0、电化学极化电阻R1和电容C1，浓度差极化等效电阻R2和电容C2，将上述各初始值载入相应的等效电路仿真模型，以工况电压响应曲线为目标函数进行参数的自动辨识，获取优化结果。Taking the equivalent circuit of the second-order RC model as an example, it includes the initial value effective ohmic resistance R0 , the electrochemical polarization resistance R1 and the capacitance C1 of the equivalent parameters fitted in sections, and the concentration difference polarization equivalent resistance R2 and capacitor C2 , load the above initial values into the corresponding equivalent circuit simulation model, and use the working condition voltage response curve as the objective function to automatically identify the parameters to obtain the optimization results.
在一示例中，可以以工况电压响应曲线为目标曲线进行参数自动辨识，根据设定的收敛条件获取优化的等效电路参数。In an example, automatic parameter identification can be performed with the working condition voltage response curve as the target curve, and optimized equivalent circuit parameters can be obtained according to the set convergence conditions.
进一步地，在本实施例中，收敛条件为寻优后的仿真值与工况电压响应曲线上对应值的差值小于等于设定的阈值，或者寻优次数达到了设定的最大迭代次数。Further, in this embodiment, the convergence condition is that the difference between the optimized simulation value and the corresponding value on the working condition voltage response curve is less than or equal to the set threshold, or the number of optimizations reaches the set maximum number of iterations.
示例性的，以二阶RC模型等效电路为例，其收敛条件可以为|L仿真-L_char|≤阈值，或者寻优最大迭代次数≥Nmax时，则辨识结束，输出最终寻优后的参数为：θchar＝{Rchar0[L1～L24]、Rchar1[L1～L24]、Rchar2[L1～L24]、Cchar1[L1～L24]、Cchar2[L1～L24]}。其中，L仿真表示寻优后的仿真值，L_char表示工况电压响应曲线上对应值，Nmax表示最大迭代次数。Exemplarily, taking the equivalent circuit of the second-order RC model as an example, its convergence condition can be |L simulation-L_char|≤threshold, or when the maximum number of optimization iterations ≥ Nmax, then the identification ends, and the parameters after the final optimization are output It is: θchar={Rchar0[L1～L24], Rchar1[L1～L24], Rchar2[L1～L24], Cchar1[L1～L24], Cchar2[L1～L24]}. Among them, L simulation represents the simulation value after optimization, L_char represents the corresponding value on the working condition voltage response curve, and Nmax represents the maximum number of iterations.
采用同样的方式，在三阶RC模型等效电路中，按照上述相同的HPPC优化测试方法得到的工况电压响应曲线L1、L2、…、L24，按照相同方式对HPPC标定数据分段，得到各SOC段时脉冲电压响应L1、L2、…、L24以及工况充电连续电压响L_char；在simulink平台搭建对应3阶等效电路仿真模型，等效欧姆电阻R0计算方法不变，可通过静置-充电瞬间前后电压ΔU与电流的I比值计算。而脉冲过程及静置恢复状态则由极化效应导致，模型等效表达式如上述公式，以脉冲电压响应为拟合目标值，相应的可获得各SOC对应的参数值θ0＝{R00[L1～L24]、R10[L1～L24]、R20[L1～L24]、R30[L1～L24]、C10[L1～L24]、C20[L1～L24]、C30[L1～L24]}。而后基于0.5C恒流充放电工况，将分段拟合的等效参数初值θ0载入仿真模型，以0.5C恒流工况响应曲线L_char为目标函数进行参数自动辨识，收敛条件为|L仿真-L_char|≤阈值或者最大迭代次数≥Nmax时，辨识结束，输出参数最终辨识参数为：θchar＝{Rchar0[L1～L24]、Rchar1[L1～L24]、Rchar2[L1～L24]、Rchar2[L1～L24]、Cchar1[L1～L24]、Cchar2[L1～L24]、Cchar3[L1～L24]}。In the same way, in the equivalent circuit of the third-order RC model, the working condition voltage response curves L1, L2, ..., L24 obtained according to the same HPPC optimization test method as above, and the HPPC calibration data are segmented in the same way to obtain each The pulse voltage response L1, L2, ..., L24 in the SOC section and the continuous voltage response L_char in the working condition; the corresponding third-order equivalent circuit simulation model is built on the simulink platform, and the calculation method of the equivalent ohmic resistance R0 remains unchanged. Calculate the ratio of voltage ΔU to current I before and after the instant of charging. The pulse process and rest recovery state are caused by the polarization effect. The equivalent expression of the model is as the above formula, and the pulse voltage response is used as the fitting target value. Correspondingly, the parameter values corresponding to each SOC can be obtained θ0={R00[L1 ~L24], R10[L1~L24], R20[L1~L24], R30[L1~L24], C10[L1~L24], C20[L1~L24], C30[L1~L24]}. Then, based on the 0.5C constant current charging and discharging working condition, the equivalent parameter initial value θ0 of segmental fitting is loaded into the simulation model, and the parameters are automatically identified with the 0.5C constant current working condition response curve L_char as the objective function, and the convergence condition is | When L simulation-L_char|≤threshold or the maximum number of iterations≥Nmax, the identification ends, and the final identification parameters of the output parameters are: θchar={Rchar0[L1～L24], Rchar1[L1～L24], Rchar2[L1～L24], Rchar2 [L1~L24], Cchar1[L1~L24], Cchar2[L1~L24], Cchar3[L1~L24]}.
由上述步骤可知，构建不同阶数等效电路模型，并进行参数辨识时，主要区别在于待辨识的参数个数不同，因此对基于等效电路模型机理构建的模型，参数分步获取方法具有普遍适用性。二阶RC模型等效电路拟合效果如图7～图10所示，三阶RC模型等效电路拟合效果如图11～图14所示。It can be seen from the above steps that when constructing equivalent circuit models of different orders and performing parameter identification, the main difference lies in the number of parameters to be identified. Therefore, for models constructed based on the mechanism of equivalent circuit models, the step-by-step parameter acquisition method is universal. applicability. The fitting effect of the equivalent circuit of the second-order RC model is shown in Figures 7 to 10, and the fitting effect of the equivalent circuit of the third-order RC model is shown in Figures 11 to 14.
本实施例提供的锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法，首先获取锂离子电池储能系统在不同荷电状态下的脉冲电压响应；其次在每个荷电状态下，根据脉冲电压响应求取所构建的等效电路参数的初始值；再获取锂离子电池储能系统的工况电压响应曲线；又以每个荷电状态为分隔点，将工况电压响应曲线进行分段；最后对每段实际使用工况，将对应的初始值赋给等效电路，以实际使用工况的工况电压响应曲线作为目标曲线进行参数辨识寻优，得到符合实际使用工况的等效电路参数，进而可以节约测试资源，仅需要较少实测数据即可完成实际使用工况的参数获取，降低开发成本，也提高了储能系统仿真精度，获得匹配不同实际使用工况的等效电路参数，具有更好的适应性。The method for obtaining the modeling parameters of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system provided in this embodiment first obtains the pulse voltage response of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system under different states of charge; Take the initial value of the constructed equivalent circuit parameters; then obtain the operating condition voltage response curve of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system; and use each state of charge as a separation point to segment the operating condition voltage response curve; finally For each actual working condition, the corresponding initial value is assigned to the equivalent circuit, and the working condition voltage response curve of the actual working condition is used as the target curve to carry out parameter identification and optimization, and the equivalent circuit parameters in line with the actual working condition are obtained. In addition, test resources can be saved, and only a small amount of measured data can be used to complete the parameter acquisition of the actual operating conditions, which reduces development costs and improves the simulation accuracy of the energy storage system, and obtains equivalent circuit parameters that match different actual operating conditions. better adaptability.
实施例二Embodiment two
图2是本发明另一实施例锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法的流程示意图，参考图2，所示方法以二阶RC模型等效电路为例进行说明，当然本实施例方法不局限于二阶RC模型等效电路，主要包括以下步骤：Fig. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for obtaining modeling parameters of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 2, the method shown is illustrated by taking the second-order RC model equivalent circuit as an example. Of course, the method in this embodiment does not Limited to the equivalent circuit of the second-order RC model, it mainly includes the following steps:
步骤1、采用优化的混合功率脉冲特性测试方式对锂离子电池储能系统进行实测。Step 1. Use the optimized hybrid power pulse characteristic test method to measure the lithium-ion battery energy storage system.
即是获取锂离子电池储能系统在不同荷电状态下的脉冲电压响应。例如，以某型号储能用磷酸铁锂锂离子电池cell_1为例，在其初期和末期设置较密集的荷电状态间隔点，而中部平台期(中期)可适当减少荷电状态点，进行脉冲充放电流激励，以获得样品的脉冲电压响应。That is to obtain the pulse voltage response of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system under different states of charge. For example, taking a certain type of lithium iron phosphate lithium-ion battery cell_1 for energy storage as an example, denser SOC interval points are set in the early and late stages, while the central plateau (middle stage) can appropriately reduce the SOC points and perform pulse Charge and discharge current excitation to obtain the pulse voltage response of the sample.
步骤2、获取工况电压响应曲线并分段拟合。Step 2. Obtain the working condition voltage response curve and fit it in sections.
在本实施例中，以步骤1所示荷电状态时刻为分隔点，应用于获取到的工况电压响应曲线，进而可以以荷电状态组成的分隔点对工况电压响应曲线进行分段，截取对应的工况电压响应曲线。在本实施例中，工况电压响应曲线分成24段，分别为L1、L2、…、L24。In this embodiment, the time of the state of charge shown in step 1 is used as the separation point, which is applied to the obtained working condition voltage response curve, and then the working condition voltage response curve can be segmented by the separation point composed of the state of charge, Intercept the corresponding working condition voltage response curve. In this embodiment, the working condition voltage response curve is divided into 24 sections, namely L1, L2, . . . , L24.
步骤3、判断是否分段完成。Step 3, judging whether the segmentation is completed.
在工况电压响应曲线分段完成后，进行后续步骤，否则继续进行工况电压曲线的分段拟合。After the segmentation of the operating condition voltage response curve is completed, proceed to the next step, otherwise continue to perform segmental fitting of the operating condition voltage curve.
步骤4、在每个荷电状态下，根据脉冲电压响应求取所构建的等效电路参数的初始值。Step 4. In each state of charge, the initial values of the constructed equivalent circuit parameters are obtained according to the impulse voltage response.
具体来说，等效电路参数包括等效欧姆电阻R0，等效欧姆电阻R0通过静置-充电瞬间前后电压ΔU与电流I比值计算。等效电路参数还包括电化学极化电阻R1和电容C1，浓度差极化等效电阻R2和电容C2，通过等效函数表达式U＝a+be-t/τ1+ce-t/τ2求取R1、R2、C1和C2的初始值；其中τ1＝R1C1，τ2＝R2C2，a＝UOCV-UR0，而参数b、c分别为常数值。Specifically, the equivalent circuit parameters include the equivalent ohmic resistance R0 , and the equivalent ohmic resistance R0 is calculated by the ratio of the voltage ΔU to the current I before and after the instant of standing-charging. The equivalent circuit parameters also include electrochemical polarization resistance R1 and capacitance C1 , concentration difference polarization equivalent resistance R2 and capacitance C2 , through the equivalent function expression U=a+be-t/τ1 +ce- t/τ2 Calculate the initial values of R1 , R2 , C1 and C2 ; where τ1 =R1 C1 , τ2 =R2 C2 , a=UOCV -UR0 , and parameters b, c are constant values, respectively.
步骤5、进行参数辨识寻优，采用最小二乘法对参数进行估计。Step 5, perform parameter identification and optimization, and use the least square method to estimate the parameters.
在本实施例中，对每段实际使用工况，将对应的初始值赋给构建的等效电路，以实际使用工况的工况电压响应曲线作为目标曲线进行参数辨识寻优，得到符合实际使用工况的等效电路参数。In this embodiment, for each actual operating condition, the corresponding initial value is assigned to the constructed equivalent circuit, and the operating condition voltage response curve of the actual operating condition is used as the target curve for parameter identification and optimization, and the obtained Equivalent circuit parameters for working conditions.
步骤6、判断寻优拟合的误差是否小于预设的阈值，若未达到，则继续寻优拟合，若达到，则进行步骤7。Step 6. Judging whether the error of the optimization and fitting is smaller than the preset threshold, if not, continue the optimization and fitting, and if it is, proceed to step 7.
在本实施例中，以工况电压响应曲线为目标曲线进行参数自动辨识，根据设定的收敛条件获取优化的等效电路参数。收敛条件可以为寻优后的仿真值与工况电压响应曲线上对应值的差值小于等于设定的阈值，或者寻优次数达到了设定的最大迭代次数。In this embodiment, automatic parameter identification is performed with the operating condition voltage response curve as the target curve, and optimized equivalent circuit parameters are obtained according to the set convergence conditions. The convergence condition can be that the difference between the optimized simulation value and the corresponding value on the working condition voltage response curve is less than or equal to the set threshold, or the number of optimizations reaches the set maximum number of iterations.
步骤7、寻优辨识完成，获取寻优后的等效电路参数。Step 7, the optimization identification is completed, and the equivalent circuit parameters after optimization are obtained.
实验结果表明，参数辨识寻优的结果与初始值选取有较大相关性，通过分段混合功率脉冲特性脉冲响应拟合获得的参数初始值，可有效加快寻优速度，避免不收敛等异常情况。The experimental results show that the results of parameter identification and optimization have a great correlation with the selection of initial values, and the initial values of parameters obtained by fitting the impulse response of the segmented mixed power pulse characteristics can effectively speed up the optimization speed and avoid abnormal situations such as non-convergence .
本实施例中各步骤执行的其他操作的细节可以参考前述实施例一相关步骤，在此不再展开。For details of other operations performed by each step in this embodiment, reference may be made to related steps in the first embodiment above, and will not be elaborated here.
本实施例提供的锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法，首先获取锂离子电池储能系统在不同荷电状态下的脉冲电压响应；其次在每个荷电状态下，根据脉冲电压响应求取所构建的等效电路参数的初始值；再获取锂离子电池储能系统的工况电压响应曲线；又以每个荷电状态为分隔点，将工况电压响应曲线进行分段；最后对每段实际使用工况，将对应的初始值赋给等效电路，以实际使用工况的工况电压响应曲线作为目标曲线进行参数辨识寻优，得到符合实际使用工况的等效电路参数，进而可以节约测试资源，仅需要较少实测数据即可完成实际使用工况的参数获取，降低开发成本，也提高了储能系统仿真精度，获得匹配不同实际使用工况的等效电路参数，具有更好的适应性。The method for obtaining the modeling parameters of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system provided in this embodiment first obtains the pulse voltage response of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system under different states of charge; Take the initial value of the constructed equivalent circuit parameters; then obtain the operating condition voltage response curve of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system; and use each state of charge as a separation point to segment the operating condition voltage response curve; finally For each actual working condition, the corresponding initial value is assigned to the equivalent circuit, and the working condition voltage response curve of the actual working condition is used as the target curve to carry out parameter identification and optimization, and the equivalent circuit parameters in line with the actual working condition are obtained. In addition, test resources can be saved, and only a small amount of measured data can be used to complete the parameter acquisition of the actual operating conditions, which reduces development costs and improves the simulation accuracy of the energy storage system, and obtains equivalent circuit parameters that match different actual operating conditions. better adaptability.
实施例三Embodiment three
图15是本发明一实施例锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取装置的结构示意图，参考图15，所示装置1500主要包括：Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an acquisition device for modeling parameters of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 15, the device 1500 shown mainly includes:
第一获取模块1501，用于获取所述锂离子电池储能系统在不同荷电状态下的脉冲电压响应，所述脉冲电压响应是通过对所述锂离子电池储能系统脉冲充放电激励而得。The first acquisition module 1501 is used to acquire the pulse voltage response of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system under different states of charge, and the pulse voltage response is obtained by stimulating the lithium-ion battery energy storage system with pulse charging and discharging .
在一示例中，脉冲电压响应由混合功率脉冲特性测试而得，在混合功率脉冲特性测试的初期和末期的荷电状态间隔大于中期的荷电状态间隔。In one example, the pulse voltage response is obtained from a mixed power pulse characteristic test, and the SOC intervals at the beginning and end of the mixed power pulse characteristic test are larger than those at the middle stage.
在一示例中，在混合功率脉冲特性测试过程中，对每个荷电状态下锂离子电池储能系统分别进行充电、放电调荷，静置一段时间后再进行脉冲充放电。In one example, during the mixed power pulse characteristic test, the lithium-ion battery energy storage system in each state of charge is charged, discharged and adjusted, and then charged and discharged by pulse after standing for a period of time.
在一示例中，等效电路为n阶RC模型等效电路，其中n≥2。In an example, the equivalent circuit is an n-order RC model equivalent circuit, where n≧2.
求取模块1502，用于在每个所述荷电状态下，根据所述脉冲电压响应求取所构建的等效电路参数的初始值。The obtaining module 1502 is configured to obtain initial values of the constructed equivalent circuit parameters according to the impulse voltage response in each state of charge.
在一示例中，等效电路参数包括等效欧姆电阻R0，等效欧姆电阻R0通过静置-充电瞬间前后电压ΔU与电流I比值计算。In an example, the equivalent circuit parameters include equivalent ohmic resistance R0 , and the equivalent ohmic resistance R0 is calculated by the ratio of the voltage ΔU to the current I before and after the instant of standing-charging.
在一示例中，等效电路参数还包括：电阻R1～Rn和电容C1～Cn，通过等效函数表达式求取电阻R1～Rn和电容C1～Cn的初始值；其中τ1＝R1C1，τ2＝R2C2，...，τn＝RnCn，a＝UOCV-UR0，而参数a1、a2、...、an分别为常数值，UOCV为等效电源电压，UR0为等效欧姆电阻R0两端的电压。In an example, the equivalent circuit parameters further include: resistors R1 -Rn and capacitors C1 -Cn , expressed by the equivalent function Obtain the initial values of resistors R1 ~ Rn and capacitors C1 ~ Cn ; where τ1 = R1 C1 , τ2 = R2 C2 ,..., τn = Rn Cn , a = UOCV -UR0 , and the parameters a1 , a2 , ..., an are constant values respectively, UOCV is the equivalent power supply voltage, and UR0 is the voltage across the equivalent ohmic resistance R0 .
第二获取模块1503，用于获取所述锂离子电池储能系统的工况电压响应曲线，所述工况电压响应曲线是在实际使用工况过程中动态电压与荷电状态的函数关系。The second obtaining module 1503 is used to obtain the working condition voltage response curve of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, and the working condition voltage response curve is a functional relationship between the dynamic voltage and the state of charge during the actual working condition.
分段模块1504，用于以每个所述荷电状态为分隔点，将所述工况电压响应曲线进行分段。The segmentation module 1504 is configured to segment the operating condition voltage response curve by taking each state of charge as a separation point.
寻优模块1505，用于对每段实际使用工况，将对应的初始值赋给所述等效电路，以实际使用工况的工况电压响应曲线作为目标曲线进行参数辨识寻优，得到符合实际使用工况的等效电路参数。The optimization module 1505 is used to assign the corresponding initial value to the equivalent circuit for each actual working condition, and use the working condition voltage response curve of the actual working condition as the target curve to perform parameter identification and optimization to obtain The equivalent circuit parameters of the actual working conditions.
在一示例中，还包括以工况电压响应曲线为目标曲线进行参数自动辨识，根据设定的收敛条件获取优化的等效电路参数。In an example, it also includes automatically identifying parameters with the working condition voltage response curve as the target curve, and obtaining optimized equivalent circuit parameters according to the set convergence conditions.
在一示例中，收敛条件为寻优后的仿真值与工况电压响应曲线上对应值的差值小于等于设定的阈值，或者寻优次数达到了设定的最大迭代次数。In an example, the convergence condition is that the difference between the optimized simulated value and the corresponding value on the operating voltage response curve is less than or equal to a set threshold, or the number of optimizations reaches a set maximum number of iterations.
本实施例中各模块执行的其他操作的细节可以参考前述实施例一，在此不再展开。For details of other operations performed by each module in this embodiment, reference may be made to the first embodiment above, and will not be elaborated here.
本实施例提供的锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取装置，通过获取锂离子电池储能系统在不同荷电状态下的脉冲电压响应；其次在每个荷电状态下，根据脉冲电压响应求取所构建的等效电路参数的初始值；再获取锂离子电池储能系统的工况电压响应曲线；又以每个荷电状态为分隔点，将工况电压响应曲线进行分段；最后对每段实际使用工况，将对应的初始值赋给等效电路，以实际使用工况的工况电压响应曲线作为目标曲线进行参数辨识寻优，得到符合实际使用工况的等效电路参数，进而可以节约测试资源，仅需要较少实测数据即可完成实际使用工况的参数获取，降低开发成本，也提高了储能系统仿真精度，获得匹配不同实际使用工况的等效电路参数，具有更好的适应性。The lithium-ion battery energy storage system modeling parameter acquisition device provided in this embodiment obtains the pulse voltage response of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system in different states of charge; secondly, in each state of charge, according to the pulse voltage response Take the initial value of the constructed equivalent circuit parameters; then obtain the operating condition voltage response curve of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system; and use each state of charge as a separation point to segment the operating condition voltage response curve; finally For each actual working condition, the corresponding initial value is assigned to the equivalent circuit, and the working condition voltage response curve of the actual working condition is used as the target curve to carry out parameter identification and optimization, and the equivalent circuit parameters in line with the actual working condition are obtained. In addition, test resources can be saved, and only a small amount of measured data can be used to complete the parameter acquisition of the actual operating conditions, which reduces development costs and improves the simulation accuracy of the energy storage system, and obtains equivalent circuit parameters that match different actual operating conditions. better adaptability.
本申请实施例中的一种锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取装置可以是装置，也可以是终端中的部件、集成电路、或芯片。本申请实施例中的一种锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取装置可以为具有操作系统的装置。该操作系统可以为安卓操作系统，可以为iOS操作系统，还可以为其他可能的操作系统，本申请实施例不作具体限定。A device for acquiring modeling parameters of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system in an embodiment of the present application may be a device, or a component, an integrated circuit, or a chip in a terminal. A device for acquiring modeling parameters of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system in an embodiment of the present application may be a device with an operating system. The operating system may be an Android operating system, an iOS operating system, or other possible operating systems, which are not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.
本申请还提供了一种电子设备，包括：存储器，用于存储可由处理器执行的程序或指令；以及处理器，用于执行上述程序或指令以实现上述锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法实施例的各个过程，且能达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。The present application also provides an electronic device, including: a memory for storing programs or instructions that can be executed by a processor; and a processor for executing the above programs or instructions to achieve the acquisition of the above-mentioned lithium-ion battery energy storage system modeling parameters Each process of the method embodiment can achieve the same technical effect, and will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.
图16是根据本发明一实施例示出的电子设备示意图。电子设备1600可包括内部通信总线1601、处理器(Processor)1602、只读存储器(ROM)1603、随机存取存储器(RAM)1604、以及通信端口1605。当应用在个人计算机上时，电子设备1600还可以包括硬盘1606。内部通信总线1601可以实现电子设备1600组件之间的数据通信。处理器1602可以进行判断和发出提示。在一些实施方式中，处理器1602可以由一个或多个处理器组成。通信端口1605可以实现电子设备1600与外部的数据通信。在一些实施方式中，电子设备1600可以通过通信端口1605从网络发送和接收信息及数据。电子设备1600还可以包括不同形式的程序储存单元以及数据储存单元，例如硬盘1606，只读存储器(ROM)1603和随机存取存储器(RAM)1604，能够存储计算机处理和/或通信使用的各种数据文件，以及处理器1602所执行的可能的程序或指令。处理器1602处理的结果通过通信端口1605传给用户设备，在用户界面上显示。Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device 1600 may include an internal communication bus 1601 , a processor (Processor) 1602 , a read only memory (ROM) 1603 , a random access memory (RAM) 1604 , and a communication port 1605 . When implemented on a personal computer, the electronic device 1600 may also include a hard disk 1606 . Internal communication bus 1601 may enable data communication between components of electronic device 1600 . The processor 1602 can make a judgment and issue a prompt. In some implementations, the processor 1602 may consist of one or more processors. The communication port 1605 can realize data communication between the electronic device 1600 and the outside. In some implementations, the electronic device 1600 can send and receive information and data from the network through the communication port 1605 . Electronic device 1600 may also include different forms of program storage units and data storage units, such as hard disk 1606, read-only memory (ROM) 1603 and random access memory (RAM) 1604, capable of storing various data files, and possibly programs or instructions executed by the processor 1602. The result processed by the processor 1602 is transmitted to the user equipment through the communication port 1605 and displayed on the user interface.
上述的锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法可以实施为计算机程序，保存在硬盘1606中，并可记载到处理器1602中执行，以实施本申请中的任一种锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法。The above method for obtaining modeling parameters of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system can be implemented as a computer program, stored in the hard disk 1606, and can be recorded in the processor 1602 for execution, so as to implement any lithium-ion battery energy storage system in this application Method for obtaining modeling parameters.
本申请实施例还提供一种可读存储介质，可读存储介质上存储有程序或指令，该程序或指令被处理器执行时实现上述锂离子电池储能系统建模参数获取方法实施例的各个过程，且能达到相同的技术效果，为避免重复，这里不再赘述。The embodiment of the present application also provides a readable storage medium, on which a program or instruction is stored, and when the program or instruction is executed by a processor, each of the above embodiments of the method for obtaining modeling parameters of a lithium-ion battery energy storage system can be realized. process, and can achieve the same technical effect, in order to avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.
其中，处理器为上述实施例中电子设备中的处理器。可读存储介质包括计算机可读存储介质，如计算机只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(RandomAccess Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等。Wherein, the processor is the processor in the electronic device in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes a computer readable storage medium, such as a computer read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and the like.
显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述发明披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本申请的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本申请进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本申请中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本申请示范实施例的精神和范围。Apparently, for those skilled in the art, the above disclosure of the invention is merely an example, and does not constitute a limitation to the present application. Although not expressly stated here, various modifications, improvements and amendments to this application may be made by those skilled in the art. Such modifications, improvements, and amendments are suggested in this application, so such modifications, improvements, and amendments still belong to the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this application.
同时，本申请使用了特定词语来描述本申请的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本申请至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”或“一替代性实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本申请的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。Meanwhile, the present application uses specific words to describe the embodiments of the present application. For example, "one embodiment", "an embodiment", and/or "some embodiments" refer to a certain feature, structure or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the present application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "an embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in different places in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment . In addition, certain features, structures or characteristics of one or more embodiments of the present application may be properly combined.
本申请的一些方面可以完全由硬件执行、可以完全由软件(包括固件、常驻软件、微码等)执行、也可以由硬件和软件组合执行。以上硬件或软件均可被称为“数据块”、“模块”、“引擎”、“单元”、“组件”或“系统”。处理器可以是一个或多个专用集成电路(ASIC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、数字信号处理器件(DAPD)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、处理器、控制器、微控制器、微处理器或者其组合。此外，本申请的各方面可能表现为位于一个或多个计算机可读介质中的计算机产品，该产品包括计算机可读程序编码。例如，计算机可读介质可包括，但不限于，磁性存储设备(例如，硬盘、软盘、磁带……)、光盘(例如，压缩盘CD、数字多功能盘DVD……)、智能卡以及闪存设备(例如，卡、棒、键驱动器……)。Some aspects of the present application may be entirely implemented by hardware, may be entirely implemented by software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or may be implemented by a combination of hardware and software. The above hardware or software may be referred to as "block", "module", "engine", "unit", "component" or "system". The processor can be one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DAPDs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), processors , a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a combination thereof. Additionally, aspects of the present application may be embodied as a computer product comprising computer readable program code on one or more computer readable media. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic tape...), optical disks (e.g., compact disk CD, digital versatile disk DVD...), smart cards, and flash memory devices ( For example, cards, sticks, key drives...).
一些实施例中使用了描述成分、属性数量的数字，应当理解的是，此类用于实施例描述的数字，在一些示例中使用了修饰词“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”来修饰。除非另外说明，“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”表明所述数字允许有±20％的变化。相应地，在一些实施例中，说明书和权利要求中使用的数值参数均为近似值，该近似值根据个别实施例所需特点可以发生改变。在一些实施例中，数值参数应考虑规定的有效数位并采用一般位数保留的方法。尽管本申请一些实施例中用于确认其范围广度的数值域和参数为近似值，在具体实施例中，此类数值的设定在可行范围内尽可能精确。In some embodiments, numbers describing the quantity of components and attributes are used. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of the embodiments use the modifiers "about", "approximately" or "substantially" in some examples. grooming. Unless otherwise stated, "about", "approximately" or "substantially" indicates that the stated figure allows for a variation of ±20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired characteristics of individual embodiments. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should take into account the specified significant digits and adopt the general digit reservation method. Although the numerical ranges and parameters used in some embodiments of the present application to confirm the breadth of the scope are approximate values, in specific embodiments, such numerical values are set as precisely as practicable.
虽然本申请已参照当前的具体实施例来描述，但是本技术领域中的普通技术人员应当认识到，以上的实施例仅是用来说明本申请，在没有脱离本申请精神的情况下还可作出各种等效的变化或替换，因此，只要在本申请的实质精神范围内对上述实施例的变化、变型都将落在本申请的权利要求书的范围内。Although the present application has been described with reference to the current specific embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present application, and can also be made without departing from the spirit of the present application. Various equivalent changes or substitutions, therefore, as long as the changes and modifications to the above-mentioned embodiments are within the spirit of the present application, they will all fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.
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