技术领域technical field
本发明属于太阳能光热应用技术领域，特别涉及到太阳能光热发电技术。The invention belongs to the technical field of solar thermal application, and in particular relates to solar thermal power generation technology.
背景技术Background technique
目前太阳能应用于大规模发电的技术主要是太阳能光伏发电和太阳能光热发电，现在的实际情况是：太阳能光伏发电已经做到了低造价实施，因此，已经成为目前的主流太阳能发电技术；而太阳能光热发电则由于造价较高，且效率相对于太阳能光伏发电也并没有很大的优势，所以，目前的实际应用情况并不理想。At present, the technologies for applying solar energy to large-scale power generation are mainly solar photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation. Due to the high cost of thermal power generation and the fact that its efficiency has no great advantage over solar photovoltaic power generation, the current actual application situation is not ideal.
由于太阳能光热发电技术具有自带蓄热、可实现稳定的电力输出的优势，所以，该技术仍成为具有发展潜力的、竞相研究的技术方向。Since solar thermal power generation technology has the advantages of self-contained heat storage and stable power output, this technology is still a technical direction with development potential and competing research.
为降低太阳能光热发电系统的造价、提升系统的效率，本发明提供一种光热储能发电系统。In order to reduce the cost of the solar thermal power generation system and improve the efficiency of the system, the present invention provides a solar thermal energy storage power generation system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为改进目前光热发电系统造价偏高、效率不高的状态，本发明提供一种光热储能发电系统，通过对该光热储能发电系统多个环节的改进或改变，使整个系统的效率取得较大的提升、整个系统的造价有较大幅度的下降，并且还具有其它多方面有益效果，具体描述如下：In order to improve the high cost and low efficiency of the current photothermal power generation system, the present invention provides a photothermal energy storage power generation system. By improving or changing multiple links of the photothermal energy storage power generation system, the entire system The efficiency has been greatly improved, the cost of the whole system has been greatly reduced, and it also has many other beneficial effects. The specific description is as follows:
一种光热储能发电系统，包括：光热储能系统和发电系统；A photothermal energy storage power generation system, comprising: a photothermal energy storage system and a power generation system;
所述光热储能系统包括：太阳能镜场、集热装置、蓄热装置、热传输管路、发动机工质、热传输工质、热传输工质动力循环装置；所述发电系统包括发动机和发电机；其特征是：The photothermal energy storage system includes: a solar mirror field, a heat collection device, a heat storage device, a heat transfer pipeline, an engine working fluid, a heat transfer working fluid, and a heat transfer working fluid power cycle device; the power generation system includes an engine and Generator; characterized by:
所述发动机工质为空气，所述热传输工质为熔盐或二相流物质；The engine working medium is air, and the heat transfer working medium is molten salt or a two-phase flow substance;
所述集热装置的数量为多个，采用多行与多列的布局方式且行距和列距相等；The number of the heat collecting devices is multiple, and the layout mode of multiple rows and columns is adopted, and the row spacing and column spacing are equal;
所述太阳能镜场包括多个镜场模块，各镜场模块包括多行和多列太阳能聚光镜，每行与每列的聚光镜数量相等，行距与列距均相等；每个镜场模块的中心位置设置在对应集热器在春分或者秋分日中午12点所形成的影子O点；所述正方形镜场矩阵的半长径为r=0.5h·tanθ~3h·tanθ，其中h是集热器的安装高度，θ是光热储能发电系统所在地的纬度；The solar mirror field includes a plurality of mirror field modules, each mirror field module includes multiple rows and columns of solar concentrators, the number of condensers in each row is equal to that of each column, and the row spacing and column spacing are all equal; the center position of each mirror field module Set at the shadow point O formed by the corresponding heat collector at 12:00 noon on the vernal or autumnal equinox; the semi-major radius of the square mirror field matrix is r=0.5h·tanθ~3h·tanθ, where h is the heat collector Installation height, θ is the latitude of the location of the solar thermal energy storage power generation system;
所述热传输工质动力循环装置驱动所述热传输工质并使其在所述集热装置、蓄热装置、热传输管路、发动机中循环流动。The heat transfer working medium power cycle device drives the heat transfer working medium to circulate in the heat collection device, heat storage device, heat transfer pipeline and engine.
如上所述光热储能发电系统采用多个镜场模块、多个集热装置以及空气工质热力循环等技术方案，实现了与现有太阳能光热发电系统显著不同的太阳能光热发电技术方案；As mentioned above, the photothermal energy storage power generation system adopts technical solutions such as multiple mirror field modules, multiple heat collectors, and air working medium thermal cycle, and realizes a solar thermal power generation technical solution that is significantly different from the existing solar thermal power generation system. ;
模块化的太阳能镜场与集热装置具备更加灵活的现场布局、将传统的一个大型集热装置分解为多个小型集热装置，可缩小集热装置的外形尺寸、减小镜场的占地面积、有利于降低集热装置的建造造价；The modular solar mirror field and heat collector have a more flexible site layout, decomposing a traditional large heat collector into multiple small heat collectors, which can reduce the overall size of the heat collector and reduce the footprint of the mirror field area, which is conducive to reducing the construction cost of the heat collector;
采用空气介质热力循环，可大幅度降低热力循环的工作压力，从而降低发动机的造价；The use of air medium thermal cycle can greatly reduce the working pressure of the thermal cycle, thereby reducing the cost of the engine;
通过所述镜场模块与集热器的特定相对位置布局，可实现更高的太阳能吸收效率，并可降低镜场模块的造价；Through the specific relative position layout of the mirror field module and the heat collector, higher solar energy absorption efficiency can be achieved, and the cost of the mirror field module can be reduced;
采用所述镜场模块与集热器的相对位置和尺寸关系，使聚光镜在与太阳光线对焦过程中，相互之间的遮挡情况大幅度减少，从而提高了整个镜场占地面积的利用率；By adopting the relative position and size relationship between the mirror field module and the heat collector, the occlusion between the condenser mirror and the solar light is greatly reduced during the focusing process, thereby improving the utilization rate of the entire mirror field area;
采用上述技术措施，最终实现整个系统效率的较大幅度的提升与较大幅度的成本下降。By adopting the above-mentioned technical measures, the efficiency of the entire system can be greatly improved and the cost can be greatly reduced.
进一步地，所述太阳能镜场分为固定指向镜场区和变化指向镜场区两部分；所述固定指向镜场区位于靠近集热器的镜场区域；所述变化指向镜场区位于远离集热器的位置。Further, the solar mirror field is divided into two parts: a fixed pointing mirror field area and a variable pointing mirror field area; the fixed pointing mirror field area is located in the mirror field area close to the heat collector; The location of the collector.
由于采用了前述的聚光镜与集热器的相对位置布局，使我们具备了区分固定指向镜场区和变化指向镜场的可行性，通过区分固定指向与变化指向的镜场区，使各聚光镜更加有效地反射太阳能光线并更加有效地被集热器接收，提升了太阳能的利用效率。Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned relative position layout of the condenser and the heat collector, we have the possibility of distinguishing the mirror field area with fixed orientation and the mirror field with variable orientation. By distinguishing the mirror field area with fixed orientation and variable orientation, each condenser is more Effectively reflect solar light and be received by the heat collector more effectively, improving the utilization efficiency of solar energy.
进一步地，所述集热装置包括集热器和塔架，所述塔架包括塔柱和横梁；所述塔柱固定在地面上，横梁安装固定在塔柱的上部；所述集热器安装固定在所述横梁上远离塔柱的一端。Further, the heat collecting device includes a heat collector and a tower, and the tower includes a tower column and a beam; the tower column is fixed on the ground, and the beam is installed and fixed on the upper part of the tower column; the heat collector is installed It is fixed on the end away from the tower column on the crossbeam.
采用这种集热装置安装结构，与传统集热装置将集热器安装在塔顶的安装方式相比，集热器的受光面增大，集热器被塔柱遮挡的可能性大幅度降低，聚光镜可以安装在集热器的正下方及靠近塔柱的位置，这就进一步提高了整个太阳能镜场的利用面积；这同时也使太阳能镜场动态跟踪太阳光的效率得以提升、也有利于降低塔柱的高度，从而降低塔架与集热装置的总体造价。With this heat collector installation structure, compared with the traditional heat collector installation method where the heat collector is installed on the top of the tower, the light-receiving surface of the heat collector is increased, and the possibility of the heat collector being blocked by the tower is greatly reduced. , the concentrator can be installed directly below the heat collector and close to the tower, which further increases the utilization area of the entire solar mirror field; this also improves the efficiency of the solar mirror field to dynamically track sunlight, and is also conducive to The height of the tower is reduced, thereby reducing the overall cost of the tower and the heat collecting device.
进一步地，所述蓄热装置包括：蓄热介质、介质容器、蓄放热换热器、热传输工质；所述蓄热介质为沙粒；蓄热介质填充于所述介质容器内部；所述蓄放热换热器为蛇形管换热器，蛇形管内为热传输工质的流通空间；蓄放热换热器的蛇形传热管路分布于蓄热介质之间；蓄放热换热器的热传输工质的进口和出口与所述热传输管路连接。Further, the heat storage device includes: a heat storage medium, a medium container, a heat storage and discharge heat exchanger, and a heat transfer medium; the heat storage medium is sand; the heat storage medium is filled inside the medium container; The heat storage and discharge heat exchanger described above is a serpentine tube heat exchanger, and the serpentine tube is the circulation space for the heat transfer medium; the serpentine heat transfer pipeline of the heat storage and discharge heat exchanger is distributed between the heat storage medium; the storage and discharge The inlet and outlet of the heat transfer working medium of the heat exchanger are connected with the heat transfer pipeline.
这种采用沙粒作为蓄热介质的技术方案应用于所述光热储能发电系统，与常规的采用熔盐作为蓄热介质的技术方案相比，可显著降低储能系统的材料成本，因为沙子是非常容易获取的物质；也不存在熔盐材料的凝固风险。This technical solution using sand as the heat storage medium is applied to the photothermal energy storage power generation system. Compared with the conventional technical solution using molten salt as the heat storage medium, it can significantly reduce the material cost of the energy storage system, because Sand is a very readily available substance; there is also no risk of solidification of molten salt material.
优选地，所述蓄热装置采用低温差蓄热技术，即最高蓄热温度与放热后的最低温度之间的差值为60℃到135℃之间。Preferably, the heat storage device adopts low-temperature differential heat storage technology, that is, the difference between the highest heat storage temperature and the lowest temperature after heat release is between 60°C and 135°C.
采用这种技术方案，可以提高蓄热装置的热能输出温度，从而提高输出热能的品位，因此，可提高热能利用的效率。By adopting this technical solution, the thermal energy output temperature of the heat storage device can be increased, thereby improving the grade of the output thermal energy, and therefore, the efficiency of thermal energy utilization can be improved.
进一步地，所述发动机，包括发动机转子、散热器、加热器、回热器；所述发动机转子包括压缩机组、膨胀机组和转子轴，所述压缩机组、膨胀机组用所述转子轴同轴串接在一起；所述发动机工质热力循环由依次完成的近似的等温压缩过程、等压升温过程、等温膨胀过程、等压降温过程组成。Further, the engine includes an engine rotor, a radiator, a heater, and a regenerator; the engine rotor includes a compressor unit, an expansion unit, and a rotor shaft, and the compressor unit and the expansion unit are connected in series with the rotor shaft connected together; the engine working fluid thermodynamic cycle is composed of an approximate isothermal compression process, an isobaric heating process, an isothermal expansion process, and an isobaric cooling process that are completed in sequence.
采用该技术方案，与传统的采用水蒸汽压缩循环的发动机相比，发动机的工作压力显著降低，因此，发动机部件的承压压力显著降低，有利于降低发动机的造价；By adopting this technical solution, compared with the traditional engine using the water vapor compression cycle, the working pressure of the engine is significantly reduced, therefore, the bearing pressure of the engine components is significantly reduced, which is beneficial to reduce the cost of the engine;
另外，这种方案还使发动机各部件的工作温度大幅度降低，这也非常有利于降低发动机的造价；In addition, this solution also greatly reduces the working temperature of the various components of the engine, which is also very beneficial to reduce the cost of the engine;
该热力循环还有一个好处是：系统的密封性能要求不高，即使有一定的泄漏，对发动机的效率影响也不大，这就降低了相关零部件的加工要求，即降低了制造成本。Another advantage of this thermodynamic cycle is that the sealing performance of the system is not high, even if there is a certain leakage, it will have little impact on the efficiency of the engine, which reduces the processing requirements of related parts, that is, reduces the manufacturing cost.
进一步地，所述压缩机组包括由转子轴依次机械连接的首级压缩机、次级压缩机、多个中间级压缩机以及末级压缩机；所述各级压缩机为离心式或轴流式类型；Further, the compressor unit includes a first-stage compressor, a secondary compressor, a plurality of intermediate-stage compressors, and a final-stage compressor mechanically connected in turn by a rotor shaft; the compressors of each stage are centrifugal or axial flow type;
每两级压缩机之间设置发动机工质管路，所述发动机工质管路的两端分别连接前一级压缩机的工质出口和后一级压缩机的工质进口；An engine working medium pipeline is arranged between each two-stage compressor, and the two ends of the engine working medium pipeline are respectively connected to the working medium outlet of the previous stage compressor and the working medium inlet of the latter stage compressor;
所述散热器组包括首级散热器、次级散热器、多个中间级散热器、末级散热器，各级散热器安装在对应的各级压缩机的发动机工质管路中，各级散热器为发动机工质与大气的热交换器或者是发动机工质与水的热交换器；The radiator group includes a primary radiator, a secondary radiator, a plurality of intermediate radiators, and a final radiator. The radiator is a heat exchanger between the engine working fluid and the atmosphere or a heat exchanger between the engine working fluid and water;
所述各级散热器的热侧进口连接到前一级压缩机的工质出口，热侧出口连接到后一级压缩机的工质进口；当散热器采用发动机工质与大气的热交换器类型时，散热器冷侧进口和出口均与大气连通；当散热器采用发动机工质与水的热交换器类型时，散热器冷侧进口和出口均与冷水系统连通。The hot-side inlets of the radiators of each stage are connected to the working fluid outlet of the former compressor, and the hot-side outlets are connected to the working fluid inlet of the latter compressor; When the type is used, the inlet and outlet of the cold side of the radiator are connected to the atmosphere; when the radiator adopts the heat exchanger type of engine working fluid and water, the inlet and outlet of the cold side of the radiator are connected to the cold water system.
采用该技术方案，使首级压缩机的入口温度和末级压缩机的出口温度尽量接近，最终实现近似的等温压缩过程，提升整台发电机的热力循环效率。With this technical solution, the inlet temperature of the first-stage compressor is as close as possible to the outlet temperature of the last-stage compressor, and an approximate isothermal compression process is finally realized to improve the thermal cycle efficiency of the entire generator.
进一步地，所述膨胀机组为透平式类型且由多级膨胀机串接组成；每两级膨胀机之间设置发动机工质管路；所述发动机工质管路的两端分别连接前一级膨胀机的工质出口和后一级膨胀机的工质进口；Further, the expansion unit is a turbine type and is composed of multi-stage expanders connected in series; an engine working fluid pipeline is arranged between each two-stage expanders; the two ends of the engine working fluid pipeline are respectively connected to the previous The outlet of the working medium of the first-stage expander and the inlet of the working medium of the latter-stage expander;
所述加热器为发动机工质与所述热传输工质热交换器，安装于每两级膨胀机之间的发动机工质管路上或末级压缩机与首级膨胀机之间的工质管路上；The heater is a heat exchanger between the engine working fluid and the heat transfer working fluid, installed on the engine working fluid pipeline between each two-stage expander or on the working fluid pipe between the last-stage compressor and the first-stage expander on the road;
所述加热器热侧的进/出口与所述热输出管路连接，冷侧进/出口分别与前一级膨胀机出口(或末级压缩机出口)/后一级膨胀机(或首级膨胀机)的进口相连接；The inlet/outlet on the hot side of the heater is connected to the heat output pipeline, and the inlet/outlet on the cold side is respectively connected to the outlet of the previous stage expander (or the outlet of the last stage compressor)/the rear stage expander (or the first stage The inlet of the expander) is connected;
发动机工质被前一级膨胀机膨胀降温后，利用所述加热器将热传输工质中的热量释放到发动机工质中,最终使进入后一级膨胀机的发动机工质温度与进入前一级膨胀机的工质温度相接近。After the engine working fluid is expanded and cooled by the previous stage expander, the heater is used to release the heat in the heat transfer medium to the engine working fluid, and finally the temperature of the engine working fluid entering the latter stage expander is the same as that entering the previous stage The working fluid temperature of the stage expander is close.
采用该技术方案，使首级膨胀机的入口温度和末级膨胀机的出口温度尽量接近，最终实现近似的等温膨胀过程，提升整台发电机的热力循环效率。With this technical solution, the inlet temperature of the first-stage expander is as close as possible to the outlet temperature of the last-stage expander, and an approximate isothermal expansion process is finally realized, improving the thermal cycle efficiency of the entire generator.
进一步地，所述回热器的冷侧进口连接到末级压缩机的工质出口，冷侧出口连接到首级膨胀机的工质进口；其热侧进口连接到末级膨胀机的工质出口，热侧出口连通大气。Further, the cold side inlet of the regenerator is connected to the working fluid outlet of the last stage compressor, the cold side outlet is connected to the working fluid inlet of the first stage expander; the hot side inlet is connected to the working fluid of the final stage expander Outlet, the hot side outlet is connected to the atmosphere.
采用该技术方案，可以回收从末级膨胀机排出的温度较高的发动机工质中的热量，减少膨胀机排气热损失，提升发动机的热效率。By adopting this technical scheme, the heat in the engine working fluid with higher temperature discharged from the final expander can be recovered, the exhaust heat loss of the expander can be reduced, and the thermal efficiency of the engine can be improved.
优选地，所述压缩机组的每级压缩机将工质压缩之后，工质的温升为20℃到60℃之间。Preferably, after each stage of the compressor of the compressor unit compresses the working fluid, the temperature rise of the working fluid is between 20°C and 60°C.
优选地，所述膨胀机组的每级膨胀机将工质膨胀之后，工质的温降被控制在20℃到60℃之间。Preferably, after each stage of the expander in the expansion unit expands the working medium, the temperature drop of the working medium is controlled between 20°C and 60°C.
采用这种将压缩温升与膨胀温升控制在较小范围之内的技术方案，可以使压缩过程和膨胀过程均更加接近等温过程，从而提升发动机热力循环的工作效率。Adopting this technical scheme of controlling the compression temperature rise and the expansion temperature rise within a relatively small range can make both the compression process and the expansion process closer to an isothermal process, thereby improving the working efficiency of the engine thermodynamic cycle.
进一步地，所述热传输工质动力循环装置包括储液器、工质循环泵、蓄热进入阀、放热进入阀、蓄热流出阀、放热流出阀、蓄热进入阀接口、放热进入阀接口、蓄热出口阀接口及相关管路；Further, the heat transfer working fluid power cycle device includes a liquid reservoir, a working fluid circulation pump, a heat storage inlet valve, a heat release inlet valve, a heat storage outflow valve, a heat release outflow valve, a heat storage inlet valve interface, a heat release Inlet valve interface, thermal storage outlet valve interface and related pipelines;
蓄热进入阀的进口连通到蓄热进入阀接口，出口连通到储液器进口；The inlet of the heat storage inlet valve is connected to the interface of the heat storage inlet valve, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the liquid storage device;
放热进入阀的进口连通到放热进入阀接口，出口连通到储液器进口；The inlet of the exothermic inlet valve is connected to the interface of the exothermic inlet valve, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the liquid reservoir;
储液器出口连通到工质循环泵的进口；The outlet of the liquid reservoir is connected to the inlet of the working fluid circulation pump;
工质循环泵的出口连通到蓄热流出阀、放热流出阀的进口；The outlet of the working fluid circulation pump is connected to the inlet of the heat storage outflow valve and the heat release outflow valve;
放热流出阀的出口连通到蓄热进入阀接口；The outlet of the exothermic outflow valve is connected to the interface of the heat storage inlet valve;
蓄热流出阀出口连通到蓄热流出阀接口；The outlet of the heat storage outflow valve is connected to the interface of the heat storage outflow valve;
所述储液器安装在低于所蓄热装置的位置；The liquid reservoir is installed at a position lower than the heat storage device;
所述工质循环泵安装在低于储液器的位置。The working fluid circulation pump is installed at a position lower than the liquid reservoir.
利用所述热传输工质动力循环装置使所述集热装置、蓄热装置、发动机这间可以通过所述热传输管路实现所需要的蓄热、放热、发电等多种工作模式的切换，且适应熔盐工质、汽液二相流工质等不同类型工质的应用，具有良好的通用性。Using the heat transfer working medium power cycle device, the heat collector, heat storage device, and engine can realize the switching of various working modes such as heat storage, heat release, and power generation through the heat transfer pipeline. , and is suitable for the application of different types of working fluids such as molten salt working medium and vapor-liquid two-phase flow working medium, and has good versatility.
进一步地，所述热传输管路包括集热高温管、集热低温管、发动机输入管、发动机输出管、蓄热高温管、蓄热低温管等管路；Further, the heat transfer pipeline includes pipelines such as heat-collecting high-temperature pipes, heat-collecting low-temperature pipes, engine input pipes, engine output pipes, heat storage high-temperature pipes, heat storage low-temperature pipes, etc.;
集热高温管的一端连接到各集热器的热传输工质流出管，另一端与蓄热高温管对接；One end of the heat-collecting high-temperature pipe is connected to the heat transfer working fluid outflow pipe of each heat collector, and the other end is connected to the heat-storage high-temperature pipe;
集热低温管的一端连接到各集热器的热传输工质流入管，另一端连接到热传输工质动力循环装置的蓄热流出阀接口；One end of the heat-collecting low-temperature pipe is connected to the heat-transfer working fluid inflow pipe of each heat collector, and the other end is connected to the heat-storage outflow valve interface of the heat-transfer working medium power cycle device;
发动机输入管的一端连接到发动机热传输入总管，另一端与蓄热高温管对接；One end of the engine input pipe is connected to the engine heat transfer input main pipe, and the other end is connected to the heat storage high temperature pipe;
发动机输出管的一端连接到发动机热传输工质输出总管，另一端连接到热传输工质动力循环装置的放热进入阀接口；One end of the engine output pipe is connected to the engine heat transfer working medium output main pipe, and the other end is connected to the exothermic inlet valve interface of the heat transfer working medium power cycle device;
蓄热高温管的一端连接到蓄热装置高温接口，另一端与集热高温管和发动机输入管对接；One end of the heat storage high-temperature pipe is connected to the high-temperature interface of the heat storage device, and the other end is connected to the heat-collection high-temperature pipe and the engine input pipe;
蓄热低温管的一端连接到蓄热装置低温接口，另一端连接到热传输工质动力循环装置的放热进入阀接口。One end of the heat storage low temperature tube is connected to the low temperature interface of the heat storage device, and the other end is connected to the heat release inlet valve interface of the heat transfer working medium power cycle device.
上述热传输管路具有管路结构清晰、简洁的特征，结合热传输工质动力循环装置，可方便实现蓄热、放热、发电等多种工作模式；采用这种管路连接方式，可适应熔盐工质、气液二相流工质等不同类型工质的应用，具有良好的通用性。The above-mentioned heat transfer pipeline has the characteristics of clear and concise pipeline structure. Combined with the heat transfer working medium power cycle device, it can conveniently realize various working modes such as heat storage, heat release, and power generation; this pipeline connection method can adapt to The application of different types of working fluids such as molten salt working fluid and gas-liquid two-phase fluid has good versatility.
进一步地，所述集热器包括保温帽盖、太阳能接收镜及吸热器；所述吸热器安装于所述保温帽盖、太阳能接收镜所围成的空间之内；所述吸热器为热管式换热器。Further, the heat collector includes a thermal insulation cap, a solar receiving mirror and a heat absorber; the heat absorber is installed in the space surrounded by the thermal insulation cap and the solar receiving mirror; the heat absorber A heat pipe heat exchanger.
进一步地，所述热管式换热器包括至少一个套管式换热器，该套管式换热器包括液体集管、气体集管、分液管、吸热管，所述分液管和吸热管均为多根；所述液体集管位于气体集管的正上方且与气体集管平行；所述吸热管为一端封闭另一端开口的管子，各吸热管轴线与地面垂直安装且，各吸热管开口端沿气体集管轴线方向均匀对接于气体集管的下部；所述分液管与吸热管同轴安装；所述分液管的两端均为开口端；各分液管的一端与液体集管的下部对接，另一端贯穿气体集管后插入到吸热管中。Further, the heat pipe heat exchanger includes at least one jacketed heat exchanger, which includes a liquid header, a gas header, a liquid distribution pipe, and a heat absorption pipe, and the liquid separation pipe and There are multiple heat-absorbing pipes; the liquid header is located directly above the gas header and parallel to the gas header; the heat-absorbing pipe is a tube with one end closed and the other end open, and the axis of each heat-absorbing pipe is installed perpendicular to the ground Moreover, the open end of each heat absorbing pipe is evenly connected to the lower part of the gas collecting pipe along the axial direction of the gas collecting pipe; the liquid distributing pipe and the heat absorbing pipe are installed coaxially; One end of the liquid distribution pipe is docked with the lower part of the liquid header, and the other end passes through the gas header and is inserted into the heat-absorbing pipe.
进一步地，所述吸热管为锥形管，锥形管直径较小的一端为封闭端，直接较大的一端为开口端且与所述气体集管的下部对接。Further, the heat-absorbing tube is a tapered tube, the end of the tapered tube with a smaller diameter is a closed end, and the directly larger end is an open end and is connected to the lower part of the gas header.
如上所述光热储能发电系统对光热发电系统中所需要的太阳能接受、反射、接收、热交换、热储存、热传输、热能到机械能转换等多个环节均采用了可提高效率和/或降低成本的技术方案，可使整个系统在效率和成本两个方面获取到收益，使太阳能光热发电的可行性较大幅度提升，进一步说明如下：As mentioned above, the photothermal energy storage power generation system adopts various methods that can improve the efficiency and / Or a technical solution to reduce costs can enable the entire system to gain benefits in terms of efficiency and cost, and greatly improve the feasibility of solar thermal power generation. Further explanations are as follows:
如上所述发动机设备，由于将压缩机分为多级，且每级压缩的温度被限制在20-60℃的较小温差值，再加上每次压缩之后，利用散热器将被压缩的工质温度降下来，这就近似实现了“等温压缩”的过程；采用类似的方法，通过对发动机工质进行多级加热，实现了工质在膨胀过程中的近似“等温膨胀”过程，这就使整个热力过程成为接近于“卡诺循环”的过程，因此，可以获得较高的系统热效率。As mentioned above for the engine equipment, since the compressor is divided into multiple stages, and the temperature of each stage of compression is limited to a small temperature difference of 20-60°C, plus after each compression, the compressor will be compressed by the radiator. When the temperature of the medium is lowered, the process of "isothermal compression" is approximately realized; by using a similar method, the process of approximate "isothermal expansion" of the working medium in the expansion process is realized through multi-stage heating of the working medium of the engine, which is The entire thermodynamic process is close to the "Carnot cycle" process, therefore, a higher system thermal efficiency can be obtained.
通过比较理论循环的最高效率，可以了解本发明的效率提升的潜力。这里以目前太阳能光热发电系统的常规工况为例来进行对比说明。The potential for efficiency gains of the present invention can be understood by comparing the maximum efficiency of a theoretical cycle. Here we take the conventional working conditions of the current solar thermal power generation system as an example for comparison and description.
太阳能光热系统的热传输工质温度为565℃左右，在此温度下，传统发电设备的汽轮机可以获得的蒸汽温度为290℃左右，再假设环境温度为30℃，对应的蒸汽发电循环的冷凝水温度约为55℃， 则传统光热发电系统的极限热效率为：The temperature of the heat transfer medium in the solar thermal system is about 565°C. At this temperature, the steam temperature that can be obtained by the steam turbine of the traditional power generation equipment is about 290°C. Assuming that the ambient temperature is 30°C, the corresponding condensation of the steam power generation cycle The water temperature is about 55°C, then the limit thermal efficiency of the traditional solar thermal power generation system is:
1-(55+273)/(290+273)≈41.7%1-(55+273)/(290+273)≈41.7%
采用本发明技术方案时，在太阳能热传输工质温度为565℃时，发电机的膨胀机的进/出气温度不难达到380/410℃以上，按平均温度395℃计算，同样，环境温度按30℃，压缩机的进气/出气温度不难达到50/80℃，平均按65℃计算，则该发电系统的极限热效率为：When the technical solution of the present invention is adopted, when the temperature of the solar heat transfer working medium is 565°C, the temperature of the air inlet/outlet of the expander of the generator can easily reach more than 380/410°C, and the calculation is based on the average temperature of 395°C. Similarly, the ambient temperature is calculated according to 30°C, the inlet/outlet temperature of the compressor is not difficult to reach 50/80°C, calculated on average at 65°C, then the limit thermal efficiency of the power generation system is:
1-(65+273)/(395+273)≈49.4%。1-(65+273)/(395+273)≈49.4%.
如果太阳能蓄热系统采用二相流热传输工质时，发电机的膨胀机组的平均膨胀温度具备达到450℃的潜力，如果按450℃计算，则在环境温度为30℃时，该发电系统的极限热效率为：If the solar thermal storage system uses two-phase flow heat transfer fluid, the average expansion temperature of the expansion unit of the generator has the potential to reach 450°C. If calculated at 450°C, when the ambient temperature is 30°C, the power generation system’s The limiting thermal efficiency is:
1-(65+273)/(450+273)≈53.3%。1-(65+273)/(450+273)≈53.3%.
因此，本发明所述光热储能发电系统与传统太阳能光热发电系统相比，具有较大的提升太阳能热能利用效率的潜力。Therefore, compared with the traditional solar thermal power generation system, the photothermal energy storage power generation system of the present invention has a greater potential to improve the utilization efficiency of solar thermal energy.
采用本发明技术方案，发动机系统的最高工作压力约2.2MPa，与传统太阳能光热发电设备的最大工作压力（约20MPa）相比，有很大幅度的下降，这将有利于降低设备的造价。With the technical solution of the invention, the maximum working pressure of the engine system is about 2.2MPa, which is greatly reduced compared with the maximum working pressure (about 20MPa) of traditional solar thermal power generation equipment, which will help reduce the cost of the equipment.
本发明所述发动机的工作过程与燃气轮机的工作过程总体相似，因此，同样具有快速启动和停止的能力。该功能也有利于提升太阳能光热系统的热能利用效率。The working process of the engine of the present invention is generally similar to that of the gas turbine, so it also has the ability of quick start and stop. This function is also conducive to improving the thermal energy utilization efficiency of the solar thermal system.
通过对空气压缩过程中的工质(空气)的多次冷却，使工质的温度保持在接近于常温的状态，从而使压缩机始终保持在较低的工作温度，这就可以获得多个方面的有益效果，包括但不限于：材料选择范围宽广、成本低、可靠性高。Through multiple cooling of the working medium (air) in the air compression process, the temperature of the working medium is kept close to normal temperature, so that the compressor is always kept at a lower working temperature, which can obtain multiple aspects The beneficial effects include but are not limited to: a wide range of material selection, low cost, and high reliability.
还有，当热源设备的蓄热温度降低时，该发动机仍可以在偏离设计工况下正常工作，这就有利于提高发动机设备的连续工作时间，有利于稳定向电网的供电能力，即有利于电网的稳定工作。In addition, when the heat storage temperature of the heat source equipment is lowered, the engine can still work normally under design conditions, which is conducive to improving the continuous working time of the engine equipment and stabilizing the power supply capacity to the grid, that is, it is beneficial to grid stability.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例，下面将对实施例所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art Generally speaking, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative work.
附图1：本发明光热储能发电系统的总体架构与各主要组成部份之间的连接关系图。Accompanying drawing 1: The overall structure of the solar-thermal energy storage power generation system of the present invention and the connection relationship between each main component.
附图2：本发明太阳能聚光镜镜场与集热装置总体布局方法示意图。Accompanying drawing 2: Schematic diagram of the overall layout method of the solar concentrating mirror field and heat collecting device of the present invention.
附图3：本发明的太阳能集热装置与镜场中心定位方法示意图；Accompanying drawing 3: the schematic diagram of the solar heat collecting device and mirror field center positioning method of the present invention;
图3a: 聚光镜中心点与纬度角的关系示意图Figure 3a: Schematic diagram of the relationship between the center point of the condenser and the latitude angle
图3b: 聚光镜中心点位置在镜场模块中心的示意图Figure 3b: Schematic diagram of the position of the center point of the condenser at the center of the mirror field module
图3c: 集热器各部件标记与中心位置关系示意图。Figure 3c: Schematic diagram of the relationship between the marks and the center position of each part of the collector.
附图4：本发明太阳能集热装置的正方形镜场结构布局示意图。Accompanying drawing 4: Schematic diagram of the structure layout of the square mirror field of the solar heat collecting device of the present invention.
附图5：本发明不同时刻太阳能集热装置对应镜场示意图。Accompanying drawing 5: Schematic diagram of mirror fields corresponding to solar thermal collectors at different times in the present invention.
附图6：本发明太阳能集热装置的不同时间时镜场位置移动变化示意图。Accompanying drawing 6: Schematic diagram of the movement and change of the mirror field position at different times of the solar heat collecting device of the present invention.
附图7：利用沙子作为蓄热介质的蓄热装置的结构原理图。Accompanying drawing 7: Schematic diagram of the structure of the thermal storage device using sand as the thermal storage medium.
附图8：采用空气作为热力循环工质的近似等温压缩、等温膨胀的发动机结构原理示意图。Accompanying drawing 8: Schematic diagram of the structure and principle of an engine with approximately isothermal compression and isothermal expansion using air as a thermodynamic cycle working fluid.
附图9：发动机工质热力循环过程图。Accompanying drawing 9: Diagram of engine working fluid thermodynamic cycle process.
附图10：集热装置结构示意图。Accompanying drawing 10: Schematic diagram of the structure of the heat collecting device.
附图11：集热器结构示意图。Accompanying drawing 11: Schematic diagram of heat collector structure.
附图12：加热器结构示意图。Accompanying drawing 12: Schematic diagram of heater structure.
附图13：散热器结构示意图。Accompanying drawing 13: Schematic diagram of radiator structure.
附图14：回热器结构示意图。Accompanying drawing 14: Schematic diagram of the structure of the regenerator.
上述图中的标记说明如下：The labels in the above figure are explained as follows:
1 集热装置1 heat collector
11 塔架11 tower
111 横梁111 Beam
112 塔柱112 Pillars
12 集热器12 Collectors
121 保温帽盖121 Insulation cap
122 反光镜122 mirror
123 吸收镜123 absorption mirror
124 吸热器124 heat sink
1241 气体集管1241 Gas header
1242 液体集管1242 Liquid header
1243 分液管1243 Dispensing tube
1244 吸热管1244 heat absorber
14 热传输工质流入管14 Heat transfer working fluid inlet tube
15 热传输工质流出管15 Heat transfer working fluid outflow pipe
2 太阳能镜场2 solar mirror field
21 聚光镜21 Condenser
22 镜场模块22 mirror field module
3 蓄热装置3 heat storage device
31 蓄热介质容器31 Heat storage medium container
32 蓄热介质32 heat storage medium
33 蓄放热换热器33 heat storage and discharge heat exchanger
34 保温层34 Insulation layer
35 蓄放热低温总管35 Heat storage and release cryogenic main pipe
36 蓄放热高温总管36 Heat storage and discharge high temperature main pipe
4 热传输管路4 heat transfer lines
41 集热高温管41 heat collecting high temperature tube
42 集热低温管42 heat collecting cryogenic tube
43 发动机输入管43 Engine inlet pipe
44 发动机输出管44 Engine output pipe
45 蓄热高温管45 heat storage high temperature tube
46 蓄热低温管46 heat storage cryogenic tube
5 热传输工质5 heat transfer fluid
6 工质动力循环装置6 Working medium power cycle device
61 放热进入阀61 Exothermic entry valve
62 蓄热进入阀62 Thermal storage inlet valve
63 储液器63 reservoir
64 工质循环泵64 Working fluid circulation pump
65 蓄热流出阀65 Thermal storage outflow valve
66 放热流出阀66 Exothermic outflow valve
7 发动机7 engine
71 压缩机组71 compressor unit
711 首级压缩机711 first stage compressor
712 次级压缩机712 Secondary Compressor
713 中间级压缩机713 Intermediate Stage Compressor
714 末级压缩机714 Final stage compressor
72 膨胀机组72 expansion unit
721 首级膨胀机721 First Stage Expander
722 次级膨胀机722 Secondary Expander
723 中间级膨胀机723 Intermediate Stage Expander
724 末级膨胀机724 final expander
73 转子轴73 Rotor shaft
74 散热器组74 radiator group
741 首级散热器741 First Stage Radiator
742 次级散热器742 Secondary Radiator
743 中间级散热器743 Intermediate Stage Radiator
744 末级散热器744 Final Radiator
75 加热器组75 heater group
751 首级加热器751 First Stage Heater
752 次级加热器752 Secondary Heater
753 中间级加热器753 Intermediate Stage Heater
754 末级加热器754 Final Heater
76 回热器76 Regenerator
77 发动机热传输工质输入总管77 Engine heat transfer working fluid input header
78 动动机热传输工质输出总管78 The output main pipe of the heat transfer working fluid of the moving engine
8 发电机8 generators
C1 集热高温管接入口C1 Inlet of collector high temperature pipe
C2 集热低温管接出口C2 collector low temperature pipe connection outlet
C3 发动机输入管接口C3 engine inlet pipe connection
C4 发动机输出管接口C4 engine output pipe connection
C5 蓄热装置高温接口C5 Heat storage device high temperature interface
C6 蓄热装置低温接口C6 Low temperature interface of heat storage device
C7 蓄热进入阀接口C7 heat storage inlet valve port
C8 放热进入阀接口C8 Exothermic entry valve port
C9 蓄热流出阀接口C9 heat storage outflow valve port
C10 集热蓄热发电三通接口。C10 Tee interface for heat collection and heat storage power generation.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明的技术方案进行详细的描述。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below.
显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them.
基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式，都属于本发明所保护的范围。Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
为使实施例更便于理解，以下提供具体的实施例或实施方法以对本发明的相关装置、模块、功能进行说明。In order to make the embodiments easier to understand, specific embodiments or implementation methods are provided below to illustrate related devices, modules, and functions of the present invention.
附图1表达了所述光热储能发电系统的基本架构与重点技术特征。Figure 1 expresses the basic structure and key technical features of the solar thermal energy storage power generation system.
所述光热储能发电系统包括太阳能镜场2、集热装置1、蓄热装置3、发动机7、发电机8以及热传输管路4；在热传输管路4、蓄热装置3、集热装置1、发动机7中充注热传输工质5。The photothermal energy storage power generation system includes a solar mirror field 2, a heat collection device 1, a heat storage device 3, an engine 7, a generator 8, and a heat transfer pipeline 4; Heat transfer working medium 5 is filled in heat device 1 and engine 7 .
整个系统的基本工作原理是：太阳能镜场2接受太阳能辐射，然后将太阳能辐射反射到集热器12；在集热器12内部的吸热器124将太阳能辐射的能量转换为热能并传递给其内部的热传输工质5；利用工质动力传输装置6驱动热传输工质5进行循环，将热量传输到蓄热装置3中储存或直接送入发动机7将热能转换为机械能；发动机7驱动同轴连接的发电机8进行发电，从而完成太阳能到机械能和电能的转换。The basic working principle of the whole system is: the solar mirror field 2 receives solar radiation, and then reflects the solar radiation to the heat collector 12; the heat absorber 124 inside the heat collector 12 converts the energy of the solar radiation into thermal energy and transfers it to The internal heat transfer working medium 5; use the working medium power transmission device 6 to drive the heat transfer working medium 5 to circulate, transfer the heat to the heat storage device 3 for storage or directly send it to the engine 7 to convert heat energy into mechanical energy; the engine 7 drives the same The shaft-connected generator 8 generates electricity, thereby completing the conversion of solar energy into mechanical energy and electrical energy.
图1还表达了：集热装置1为多个且为悬臂式结构(也参见图10)；集热器12悬吊于塔架11的横梁111的下面；从该图中可以看出，采用这种悬臂式的集热装置结构，集热器12的集热面不但可以利用集热器外围的圆柱面，还可以利用集热器底部的整个半球面(或圆锥面,椭圆面)，因此，可以在更小的体积、尺寸情况下，获得较大的太阳能辐射的接收表面；还有，聚光镜可以安装于集热器的正下方，这就有利于充分利用太阳能镜场的占地面积。Fig. 1 also expresses: heat collecting device 1 is a plurality of and cantilever structure (see also Fig. 10); With this cantilever type heat collecting device structure, the heat collecting surface of the heat collector 12 can not only utilize the outer cylindrical surface of the heat collector, but also use the entire hemispherical surface (or conical surface, elliptical surface) at the bottom of the heat collector, so , with a smaller volume and size, a larger receiving surface for solar radiation can be obtained; in addition, the concentrator can be installed directly under the heat collector, which is conducive to making full use of the occupied area of the solar mirror field.
为提高本发明的可实施性，接下来对太阳能镜场2和集热装置1的结构和布局做详细说明。In order to improve the practicability of the present invention, the structure and layout of the solar mirror field 2 and the heat collecting device 1 will be described in detail next.
参见图2。See Figure 2.
所述太阳能集热装置1行列分布，即多个太阳能集热装置1按照南北走向进行多行排列，按照东西走向进行多列排列，形成一个南北和东西分布的矩阵；所述每一个太阳能集热装置1都对应有一个自己的镜场2。The solar heat collectors 1 are arranged in rows and columns, that is, a plurality of solar heat collectors 1 are arranged in multiple rows according to the north-south direction, and arranged in multiple columns according to the east-west direction, forming a matrix of north-south and east-west distribution; each of the solar heat collectors Each device 1 corresponds to its own mirror field 2 .
参见图3。See Figure 3.
如图3a和图3b图所示，太阳能集热装置1的镜场2是以太阳能集热装置1中的吸热器12在春分或者秋分正午时刻（中午12点）形成的影子O点为中心形成的一个正方形镜场2，所述正方形镜场2半长径r的确定与吸热器12的安装高度h和该系统所处的纬度θ有关，其关系式为：r=0.5h·tanθ~3h·tanθ。As shown in Figure 3a and Figure 3b, the mirror field 2 of the solar thermal collector 1 is centered on the shadow point O formed by the heat absorber 12 in the solar thermal collector 1 at noon of the vernal or autumnal equinox (12:00 noon) A square mirror field 2 is formed, the determination of the semi-major radius r of the square mirror field 2 is related to the installation height h of the heat absorber 12 and the latitude θ where the system is located, and the relationship is: r=0.5h·tanθ ~3h tanθ.
请参考图3c，图中太阳能集热装置1所在的虚线范围就是该太阳能集热装置1的镜场2，镜场2是以O点为中心，2r为边长的正方形。Please refer to Fig. 3c, the range of the dotted line where the solar thermal collector 1 is located is the mirror field 2 of the solar thermal collector 1, and the mirror field 2 is a square whose center is at point O and whose side length is 2r.
采用该技术方案，可方便专利实施过程中，结合安装现场的实际情况，优化塔柱112的高度和对应的正方形镜场2的聚光镜的数量和尺寸。With this technical solution, it is convenient to optimize the height of the tower column 112 and the number and size of the corresponding converging mirrors of the square mirror field 2 in combination with the actual situation of the installation site during the implementation of the patent.
请参照图4所示，太阳能集热装置1所在的镜场2中安装有一组组聚光镜21，所述聚光镜21以太阳能集热装置1在春分或者秋分中午12点形成的影子O点为中心进行布局；在春分或秋分日正午12点，O点这一点上的聚光镜21的镜面正好与太阳光垂直，太阳能可最大程度上反射到吸热器124上；然后其他的聚光镜21以O点为中心进行南北和东西两个方向的布局，使所有的聚光镜21在实现聚光的前提下，聚光镜21的法线与太阳光线最可能地平行，即聚光镜21的镜面尽量与太阳光垂直，因此可以最大程度地吸收太阳能；另外相邻聚光镜21之间的距离要保证一个聚光镜不能在相邻的聚光镜上个留下阴影，也不能聚光到前面镜子的后背上；采用前面所述的镜场模块半长径与塔架高度的关系确定的相关尺寸，就可以使相邻聚光镜21之间的距离在做到很小的程度时，仍不会出现相邻的聚光镜上个留下阴影的情况，这就提高了太阳能镜场的地面面积利用率。Please refer to shown in Fig. 4, a group of concentrating mirrors 21 are installed in the mirror field 2 where the solar heat collecting device 1 is located. Layout; at 12 o'clock noon on the vernal equinox or autumnal equinox, the mirror surface of the condenser 21 at point O is just perpendicular to the sunlight, and solar energy can be reflected to the heat absorber 124 to the greatest extent; then other condensers 21 are centered at point O Carry out the layout of north-south and east-west two directions, make all concentrators 21 under the premise of realizing light concentrating, the normal line of concentrator 21 and sun's rays are most possible parallel, promptly the specular surface of concentrator 21 is perpendicular to sunlight as far as possible, therefore can maximize Absorb solar energy to the greatest extent; In addition, the distance between adjacent concentrators 21 should ensure that a concentrator cannot leave a shadow on the adjacent concentrator, nor can it condense light onto the back of the front mirror; adopt the mirror field module described above The relative size determined by the relationship between the semi-major diameter and the height of the tower can make the distance between adjacent condenser mirrors 21 very small, and the situation that the last shadow left by the adjacent condenser mirrors will not occur. This improves the utilization of the ground area of the solar mirror field.
为了确保聚光镜21最大效率的把阳光能够聚到太阳能集热装置1，所述聚光镜21设有对日的双轴自动跟踪系统，双轴自动跟踪系统是自动跟踪太阳的方位角和高度角的变化，实现对日实时跟踪，时刻保持镜面与太阳光尽量垂直，最大效率的将太阳光聚焦到自己服务的太阳能集热装置1上。In order to ensure the maximum efficiency of the condenser 21 to gather sunlight to the solar thermal collector 1, the condenser 21 is provided with a dual-axis automatic tracking system for the sun, and the dual-axis automatic tracking system automatically tracks the changes in the azimuth and altitude of the sun , Realize real-time tracking of the sun, keep the mirror surface as vertical as possible to the sunlight at all times, and focus the sunlight on the solar heat collector 1 served by itself with maximum efficiency.
为进一步提高太阳能的利用效率，可将太阳能集热装置1的正方形镜场2分为固定指向镜场区和变化指向镜场区两部分；所述太阳能集热装置1固定指向镜场位于靠近太阳能集热装置1的镜场区域；所述太阳能集热装置1变化指向镜场区位于远离太阳能集热装置1的m排或者n列，其中m≥1，n≥1。In order to further improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy, the square mirror field 2 of the solar heat collecting device 1 can be divided into two parts: a fixed pointing mirror field area and a variable pointing mirror field area; the fixed pointing mirror field of the solar heat collecting device 1 is located near the solar The mirror field area of the heat collecting device 1; the solar heat collecting device 1 changes direction and the mirror field area is located in m rows or n columns away from the solar heat collecting device 1, wherein m≥1, n≥1.
所谓固定指向镜场是指：该区域内的聚光镜始终将太阳光反射到其对应的一个集热器，而变化镜场是指：该区域内的聚光镜可根据太阳的方向，将太阳光反射到附近的、不同的集热器上。The so-called fixed pointing mirror field means that the condenser mirrors in this area always reflect sunlight to a corresponding collector, and the variable mirror field means that the condenser mirrors in this area can reflect sunlight to nearby, different collectors.
所述太阳能集热装置1变化指向镜场区的聚光镜21上设有动态跟踪系统，根据一天的不同时刻，太阳能集热装置1变化指向镜场区的聚光镜21动态跟踪与该聚光镜21相邻的四个太阳能集热装置，根据需要在这四个太阳能集热装置中选择一个实现自己最大聚光效率的太阳能集热装置，然后将太阳光聚集反射到该太阳能集热装置上。A dynamic tracking system is provided on the condenser 21 of the solar heat collection device 1 that changes and points to the mirror field area. According to different times of the day, the solar heat collection device 1 changes and points to the condenser 21 of the mirror field area to dynamically track the condenser 21 adjacent to the condenser. Four solar heat collecting devices, as required, select a solar heat collecting device that realizes its maximum light concentration efficiency among the four solar heat collecting devices, and then concentrate and reflect sunlight onto the solar heat collecting device.
根据每日太阳东起西落，不同时刻，太阳能集热装置1在太阳下的影子位置是不同的，太阳能集热装置1的正方形镜场也随之变化；新的镜场以太阳能集热装置1新的影子O点为中心，太阳能集热装置1正下方与太阳能集热装置1影子O点的连线方向为新的半长径r方向形成的新正方形镜场；According to the sun rises and falls from east to west every day, at different times, the shadow position of solar thermal collector 1 under the sun is different, and the square mirror field of solar thermal collector 1 also changes thereupon; 1 The new shadow point O is the center, and the direction of the connection line directly below the solar heat collector 1 and the shadow O point of the solar heat collector 1 is a new square mirror field formed by the new semi-major radius r direction;
请参考图5所示，中午太阳光在正南方，每个太阳能集热装置1的镜场是与相邻太阳能集热装置的中间为分界线形成的正方形镜场；上午太阳光在东方或者东方偏南方向，每列的太阳能集热装置1的影子向西边或西边偏北方向移动，太阳能集热装置1的镜场也随着向西边或西边偏北方向移动；下午太阳光在南边偏西或者西方的方向，每列的太阳能集热装置1的影子向东边偏北或东边移动，则太阳能集热装置1的镜场也随着向东边偏北或东边移动；在以上镜场变化时，相邻的太阳能集热装置变化指向镜场区的聚光镜21如果进入新正方形镜场，其通过动态跟踪系统更换为新正方形镜场对应的太阳能集热装置1，然后通过对日的双轴自动跟踪系统，将太阳光聚集反射到该太阳能集热装置1上。Please refer to shown in Fig. 5, the sunlight at noon is in the south, and the mirror field of each solar heat collector 1 is a square mirror field formed with the middle of the adjacent solar heat collector; the sun is in the east or east in the morning In the southerly direction, the shadow of each row of solar thermal collectors 1 moves to the west or westward to the north, and the mirror field of the solar thermal collector 1 also moves to the west or westward to the north; Or in the direction of the west, if the shadow of the solar thermal collector 1 of each column moves to the north or east to the east, then the mirror field of the solar collector 1 also moves to the north or east to the east; when the above mirror field changes, If the concentrator 21 of the adjacent solar heat collecting device changes to point to the mirror field area and enters a new square mirror field, it will be replaced by the solar heat collecting device 1 corresponding to the new square mirror field through a dynamic tracking system, and then automatically tracked by two axes to the sun The system gathers and reflects sunlight onto the solar heat collecting device 1 .
采用这种镜场变化的方法，使变化镜场区的聚光镜不必将光线反射到一个集热器12之上，可以根据实际情况将光线反射到可实现聚光镜最大反射率的集热器之上，更不会出现传统的单个集热器的光热发电系统所存在的聚光镜背对太阳光、不能反射光线的情况，因此，可以显著提升聚光镜的利用率。By adopting the method of changing the mirror field, the condenser mirror in the changing mirror field area does not need to reflect light to a heat collector 12, but can reflect the light to the heat collector that can realize the maximum reflectivity of the condenser mirror according to the actual situation. Not to mention the situation that the traditional single collector photothermal power generation system has the concentrating mirror facing away from the sunlight and cannot reflect light, so the utilization rate of the concentrating mirror can be significantly improved.
以北京的某一天为例，不同时刻，太阳能集热装置1在太阳下的影子位置是不同的，太阳能集热装置1的正方形镜场也是变化的。请参考图6所示，A点为中午十二点太阳所在的位置，B点为下午某时刻太阳所在的位置，C点为上午某时刻太阳所在的位置，太阳在A点时，太阳能集热装置1的镜场如图6所示的以O点为中心的实线正方形；太阳在B点时，太阳能集热装置1的镜场如图6所示的实线正方形偏下的有部分重叠的以O2点为中心的虚线正方形；太阳在C点时，太阳能集热装置1的镜场如图6所示的实线正方形偏上的有部分重叠的以O1点为中心的虚线正方形；三个正方形相互重叠的部分是太阳能集热装置1的固定指向镜场区，实线正方形中的固定指向镜场区以外的部分为变化指向镜场区；实线正方形镜场外部的在两个虚线正方形镜场的范围内镜场是与阳能集热装置1相邻的太阳能集热装置的变化指向镜场区。Taking a certain day in Beijing as an example, at different times, the shadow position of the solar thermal collector 1 under the sun is different, and the square mirror field of the solar thermal collector 1 also changes. Please refer to Figure 6. Point A is where the sun is at 12:00 noon, point B is where the sun is at a certain time in the afternoon, and point C is the position where the sun is at a certain time in the morning. When the sun is at point A, solar energy collects heat The mirror field of device 1 is a solid line square centered at point O as shown in Figure 6; when the sun is at point B, the mirror field of solar thermal collector 1 is partially overlapped below the solid line square as shown in Figure 6 The dotted square centered at point O2; when the sun is at point C, the mirror field of the solar heat collector 1 shown in Figure 6 has a partially overlapping dotted square centered at point O1 above the solid line square; three The overlapping part of the two squares is the fixed pointing mirror field area of the solar heat collector 1, and the fixed pointing mirror field area in the solid line square is the changing pointing mirror field area; the outside of the solid line square mirror field is outside the two dashed lines The mirror field within the scope of the square mirror field is the changing direction of the solar heat collecting device adjacent to the solar heat collecting device 1 to the mirror field area.
采用上述技术方案区分出了固定指向镜场和变化指向镜场两个区域。区分出来的固定指向镜场区的聚光镜不需要随太阳位置的变化而改变接收太阳能的集热器，而且还不会出现背对太阳光的情况；变化镜场指向区域的聚光镜则需要根据太阳方位的变化，改变对应集热器的指向，以避免背对太阳光，并通过双轴调节系统实现最大程度的太阳能反射。The above-mentioned technical solution is used to distinguish two regions, the fixed pointing mirror field and the variable pointing mirror field. The distinguished fixed-pointing condensers to the mirror field area do not need to change the solar collectors that receive solar energy with the change of the sun's position, and there will be no situation where they are facing away from the sun; Change the direction of the corresponding collector to avoid facing away from the sun, and achieve maximum solar reflection through the dual-axis adjustment system.
通过聚光镜21动态跟踪系统的设计，消减余弦效应，解决了漂移问题，在上午和下午也能实现聚光镜的高效率工作，提高了聚光镜的镜面利用率，总体聚光效率能够提高25%以上；Through the design of the dynamic tracking system of the condenser 21, the cosine effect is reduced, and the drift problem is solved. The high-efficiency work of the condenser can also be realized in the morning and afternoon, and the mirror utilization rate of the condenser is improved. The overall collection efficiency can be increased by more than 25%;
通过太阳能集热装置1正方形的镜场2的合理设计，实现一个镜子不会在另外一个留下阴影，也不会出现后面镜子照在前门镜子的后背上挡光的情况，这就提高了土地的利用率，实现镜面面积和土地面积的比例在1:2-1:3的范围之内，相比于现有镜面面积和土地面积比例的1:5-1:6，提高了2倍以上；Through the rational design of the square mirror field 2 of the solar heat collecting device 1, one mirror will not leave a shadow on the other, and the rear mirror will not appear to block light on the back of the front door mirror, which improves the The utilization rate of the land realizes that the ratio of the mirror area to the land area is within the range of 1:2-1:3, which is 2 times higher than the existing ratio of 1:5-1:6 between the mirror area and the land area. above;
为有效降低蓄热设备3的造价，采用沙子蓄热的技术方案是良好的选择，因为沙子具有获取容量、施工容易、无熔盐介质所存在的凝固问题等优势。In order to effectively reduce the cost of heat storage equipment 3, it is a good choice to adopt the technical solution of sand heat storage, because sand has the advantages of obtaining capacity, easy construction, and no solidification problems that exist in molten salt media.
为使沙子蓄热技术方案具备良好的可行性，需要采用将“沙子-热传输工质换热器”(简称为“蓄放热换热器33”)内置于沙池之中的技术方案，如图7所示。In order to make the sand heat storage technical solution have good feasibility, it is necessary to adopt the technical solution of building the "sand-heat transfer working fluid heat exchanger" (referred to as "heat storage and release heat exchanger 33") in the sand tank, such as Figure 7 shows.
蓄放热换热器33做成蛇形管换热器，可降低制造难度，也使蓄热介质32的蓄热过程和放热过程更有效地利用蓄热介质的传热特性；换热管管内为热传输工质5的填充或流动的空间，其高位接口称为“蓄热装置高温接口C5”，低位接口称为“蓄热装置低温接口C6”；在蓄热过程中，热传输工质5从蓄热装置3高温接口C5进入、蓄热装置低温接口C6流出；而在放热过程中，热传输工质的流动方向相反。The heat storage and discharge heat exchanger 33 is made into a serpentine tube heat exchanger, which can reduce the manufacturing difficulty, and also make the heat storage process and heat release process of the heat storage medium 32 more effectively utilize the heat transfer characteristics of the heat storage medium; the heat exchange tube The inside of the tube is the filling or flowing space of the heat transfer working medium 5, and its high-level interface is called "heat storage device high-temperature interface C5", and its low-level interface is called "heat storage device low-temperature interface C6"; during the heat storage process, the heat transfer tool Substance 5 enters from the high-temperature interface C5 of the heat storage device 3 and flows out from the low-temperature interface C6 of the heat storage device; during the exothermic process, the flow direction of the heat transfer medium is opposite.
沙池可利用钢板焊制成方形容器；之后，就可以将蓄放热换热器33放置到沙池中；然后将沙子填充到沙池中；必要时将沙子压实，以使沙子与蓄放热换热器33之间紧密接触，提升热传递的效果。The sand tank can be made into a square container by welding steel plates; after that, the storage and release heat exchanger 33 can be placed in the sand tank; then sand is filled in the sand tank; if necessary, the sand is compacted so that the sand and the storage The close contact between the exothermic heat exchangers 33 improves the effect of heat transfer.
由于沙子本身具备良好的“保温”能力，所以，只需要将钢板或其它材料(例如：墙砖)做成的沙池容积适当加大，即可有效减少沙池外表面的散热；因此，这种方案无需要进行特别的保温设计和施工。Because the sand itself has a good "heat preservation" ability, it is only necessary to increase the volume of the sand tank made of steel plates or other materials (for example: wall bricks) to effectively reduce the heat dissipation on the outer surface of the sand tank; therefore, this This scheme does not require special insulation design and construction.
由于沙子本身导热能力不强，这将造成热量难以存入或难以释放出来的情况，因此，蓄放热换热器33的换热面积应适度加大；另外，我们也还可以设计其它多种强化传热的方法，以提升沙子与换热器之间的换热能力。Because the heat conduction ability of sand itself is not strong, this will cause the situation that heat is difficult to store or release, therefore, the heat exchange area of heat storage and release heat exchanger 33 should be increased appropriately; In addition, we can also design other various A method of enhancing heat transfer to increase the heat exchange capacity between the sand and the heat exchanger.
采用沙子蓄热的方法，充分利用了光热储能发电设备大多安装于沙膜地区的有利特点，可大幅度降低光热储能发电系统的蓄热装置的造价(相当于节省了传统熔盐蓄热装置中的熔盐蓄热介质的费用，而熔盐蓄热介质成本在整个蓄热装置成本中占大部份)，提升项目的经济可行性。The method of sand heat storage makes full use of the favorable characteristics that most of the photothermal energy storage power generation equipment is installed in the sand film area, which can greatly reduce the cost of the heat storage device of the photothermal energy storage power generation system (equivalent to saving traditional molten salt The cost of the molten salt heat storage medium in the heat storage device, and the cost of the molten salt heat storage medium accounts for the majority of the cost of the entire heat storage device), which improves the economic feasibility of the project.
提高能源系统的效率是我们日常工作的一个主要工作目标，采用本发明的沙子蓄热技术，使我们在造价上升幅度较小的情况下，提升系统的工作效率，具体方法就是：减小蓄热介质即沙子的蓄热、放热过程中的温度差。Improving the efficiency of the energy system is a main goal of our daily work. Using the sand heat storage technology of the present invention enables us to improve the working efficiency of the system with a small increase in cost. The specific method is: reduce heat storage The medium is the temperature difference during the heat storage and heat release process of sand.
由于蓄放热温差减小，在同样的蓄热量情况下，就必须等比例增加沙子的质量；由于沙子的成本很低，所以，增加沙子的质量，总成本上升幅度不大，这正是采用沙子作为蓄热介质的主要特点之一。As the temperature difference between heat storage and release decreases, the mass of sand must be increased proportionally under the same heat storage condition; since the cost of sand is very low, increasing the quality of sand will not increase the total cost much, which is precisely the reason for using Sand is one of the main characteristics of heat storage medium.
将蓄热温差缩小，意味着放热温度可以提高，同时也意味着蓄热装置向热用户供热的温度可以提高，这就提高了热用户的用热品位，从而可以提高系统的热效率。Reducing the heat storage temperature difference means that the heat release temperature can be increased, and it also means that the heat supply temperature of the heat storage device to the heat user can be increased, which improves the heat use grade of the heat user, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the system.
根据本发明人的分析、测算，将蓄热温差控制在60℃到135℃之间时，可得到优化的技术经济结果。According to the analysis and calculation of the present inventor, when the heat storage temperature difference is controlled between 60°C and 135°C, optimized technical and economic results can be obtained.
为进一步提高所述光热发电系统的效率、经济性，本发明采用空气工质循环发动机，这种发动机总体来讲，与燃气轮机发电循环相似，但需要针对太阳能光热技术的应用场景做相应的改变，具体说明如下：In order to further improve the efficiency and economy of the photothermal power generation system, the present invention adopts an air working medium cycle engine. Generally speaking, this engine is similar to the gas turbine power generation cycle, but it is necessary to make corresponding adjustments for the application scenarios of solar photothermal technology. Changes, as detailed below:
请参见图8，该图是图1中发动机7的放大、细化表达。Please refer to FIG. 8 , which is an enlarged and detailed expression of the engine 7 in FIG. 1 .
由该图可知，整台发动机7由多级串联的压缩机组成的空气工质压缩机组71(由首级压缩机711，次级压缩机712，多级中间级压缩机713，末级压缩机714组成)、多级膨胀机串联组成的空气工质膨胀机72（由首级膨胀机721，次级膨胀机722，多级中间级膨胀机723和末级膨胀机724组成）、多个散热器74（包括首级散热散741，次级散热器742，多个中间级散热器743和末级散热器744组成）、多个加热器75（包括首级加热器751，次级散热器752，多个中间级散热器753和末级散热器754）以及回热器76等部份组成。As can be seen from this figure, the whole engine 7 consists of an air working medium compressor unit 71 composed of multistage compressors connected in series (by the first stage compressor 711, the secondary compressor 712, the multistage intermediate stage compressor 713, the final stage compressor 714), an air working medium expander 72 composed of multi-stage expanders connected in series (composed of a primary expander 721, a secondary expander 722, a multi-stage intermediate expander 723 and a final expander 724), multiple cooling radiator 74 (comprising primary radiator 741, secondary radiator 742, multiple intermediate radiators 743 and final radiator 744), multiple heaters 75 (comprising primary heater 751, secondary radiator 752 , multiple intermediate radiators 753 and final radiators 754) and regenerators 76 and other components.
每个散热器74安装于每两级压缩机的发动机工质连通管路上，用于对前一级压缩机排出的发动机工质进行冷却降温；Each radiator 74 is installed on the engine working medium communication pipeline of each two-stage compressor, and is used for cooling the engine working medium discharged from the previous stage compressor;
加热器75则安装在每两级膨胀机之间的发动机工质连接管路上，其中一个加热器751安装在末级压缩机714的工质出口与首级膨胀机721的工质进口之间的工质管路上。The heater 75 is installed on the engine working medium connection pipeline between each two-stage expander, and one of the heaters 751 is installed between the working medium outlet of the last-stage compressor 714 and the working medium inlet of the first-stage expander 721 on the working medium pipeline.
采用多级压缩机是为了降低空气被压缩机压缩后的温度升高值，该温升宜控制在30℃到60℃之间，压缩空气通过散热器74冷却后，可使空气温度回到前一级压缩机的入口的温度。通过这种小温差的压缩和冷却过程，最终实现整个压缩过程接近于“等温压缩”的过程，从热力学原理可知，这有利于提高发动机热力循环的效率。The use of multi-stage compressors is to reduce the temperature rise after the air is compressed by the compressor. The temperature rise should be controlled between 30°C and 60°C. After the compressed air is cooled by the radiator 74, the air temperature can return to the previous level. The temperature at the inlet of the first stage compressor. Through this small temperature difference compression and cooling process, the entire compression process is finally realized close to the "isothermal compression" process, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of the engine thermodynamic cycle from the thermodynamic principle.
与此相似的过程是：每级膨胀机71的膨胀温降也控制在一个较小的范围，同样宜控制在30℃到60℃之间，以实现接近于“等温膨胀”的过程，提升发动机热力循环的效率。The process similar to this is: the expansion temperature drop of each stage of expander 71 is also controlled within a small range, which should also be controlled between 30°C and 60°C, so as to achieve a process close to "isothermal expansion" and improve the engine. Efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle.
将压缩温升与膨胀温降控制在30到60℃之间，可实现技术与经济之间的优化。当然，并不排除在某些时候，可以将温降或温升设计在该温度范围之外。Controlling the compression temperature rise and expansion temperature drop between 30 and 60°C can achieve the optimization between technology and economy. Of course, it is not excluded that at some point, the temperature drop or temperature rise can be designed outside this temperature range.
将压缩温升控制在较低温度范围还有一个优势，即可以使整个压缩机组74工作在较低温度，有利于降低压缩机组74的造价。Another advantage of controlling the compression temperature rise in a lower temperature range is to make the entire compressor unit 74 work at a lower temperature, which is beneficial to reduce the cost of the compressor unit 74 .
回热器76则安装在末级压缩机714工质出口与首级加热器721的工质进口之间的发动机工质管路上，用于回收从末级膨胀机724排出的温度较高的工质中的热量。The regenerator 76 is installed on the engine working medium pipeline between the working medium outlet of the final stage compressor 714 and the working medium inlet of the first stage heater 721, and is used to recover the higher temperature working medium discharged from the final stage expander 724. heat in the substance.
参考图8，各换热器一次侧与二次侧的连接关系分别描述如下：Referring to Figure 8, the connection relationship between the primary side and the secondary side of each heat exchanger is described as follows:
散热器高温侧：工质进口连接到上一级压缩机的工质出口，工质出口连接到下一级压缩机的工质进口；High temperature side of the radiator: the working fluid inlet is connected to the working fluid outlet of the upper compressor, and the working fluid outlet is connected to the working fluid inlet of the next compressor;
散热器低温侧：如果直接采用大气进行冷却的话，则散热器低温侧的进口和出口均与大气连通；如果采用水冷却的话，则散热器低温侧的进口和出口分别连接到水源(例如冷却塔)的出口和进口位置。Low-temperature side of the radiator: If the air is directly used for cooling, the inlet and outlet of the low-temperature side of the radiator are connected to the atmosphere; if water cooling is used, the inlet and outlet of the low-temperature side of the radiator are respectively connected to a water source (such as a cooling tower ) of the export and import locations.
加热器低温侧：低温侧工质的进口和出口分别连接到前一级膨胀机的出口(对于第一个加热器则连接到末级压缩机714的出口)和后一级膨胀机的进口(对于第一个加热器则连接首级膨胀机721的进口)。Low-temperature side of the heater: the inlet and outlet of the working medium on the low-temperature side are respectively connected to the outlet of the previous stage expander (for the first heater, it is connected to the outlet of the final stage compressor 714) and the inlet of the latter stage expander ( The first heater is then connected to the inlet of the primary expander 721).
加热器高温侧：进口和出口均连接到热源系统，具体连接位置是：集热高温管接入口C1和集热低温管接出口C2(参见图1)。High-temperature side of the heater: both the inlet and outlet are connected to the heat source system, and the specific connection positions are: the inlet C1 of the heat-collecting high-temperature pipe and the outlet C2 of the heat-collecting low-temperature pipe (see Figure 1).
如图8所示，发动机设备可以从热源系统(即太阳能集热装置1或蓄热装置3)中获取到560℃左右的热传输工质温度，放出热量后，热传输工质温度可在400℃左右；实际实施时，可考虑使该温度进一步提高，以进一步提高发电效率，主要方法是：进一步增加沙子的容量以增加蓄热能力，另外，相关管路直径需要适当加大，相关换热器面积也需要适当增加。As shown in Figure 8, the engine equipment can obtain a heat transfer medium temperature of about 560°C from the heat source system (that is, the solar heat collector 1 or the heat storage device 3). After releasing heat, the heat transfer medium temperature can be at 400 ℃; in actual implementation, it can be considered to further increase the temperature to further improve the power generation efficiency. The main method is to further increase the capacity of the sand to increase the heat storage capacity. The device area also needs to be appropriately increased.
回热器76高温侧：进口连接到末级膨胀机724的工质出口，出口则直接通大气；High temperature side of the regenerator 76: the inlet is connected to the outlet of the working medium of the final expander 724, and the outlet is directly connected to the atmosphere;
回热器低温侧：进口连接到末级压缩机714的出口，出口连接到首级加热器751的工质进口。Low-temperature side of the regenerator: the inlet is connected to the outlet of the last-stage compressor 714 , and the outlet is connected to the working fluid inlet of the first-stage heater 751 .
介绍了整个发动机的组成部份和连接关系之后，还有必要进一步描述一下整个发动机的工作原理，以使本技术方案能更加容易实施。After introducing the components and connections of the entire engine, it is necessary to further describe the working principle of the entire engine so that the technical solution can be implemented more easily.
压缩机71从大气中吸入空气，该吸入的空气即是发动机热力循环的工质，简称为发动机工质,在不引起混淆的情况下，也简单地称为工质。The compressor 71 inhales air from the atmosphere, and the inhaled air is the working fluid of the engine thermodynamic cycle, referred to as the engine working fluid for short, and is simply called the working fluid if it does not cause confusion.
工质在各级压缩机中被压缩，压力逐级升高，温度也会升高，但每两级压缩之间安装了散热器74，通过散热器74的合理匹配，最终可使每级压缩机的工质进口和出口的温度相近，并最终实现整个压缩过程接近于等温压缩。The working fluid is compressed in the compressors of each stage, the pressure increases step by step, and the temperature also rises, but a radiator 74 is installed between each two stages of compression, and the reasonable matching of the radiator 74 can finally make each stage compress The temperature of the working fluid inlet and outlet of the machine is similar, and finally the entire compression process is close to isothermal compression.
同样，工质在各膨胀机中膨胀，压力逐级降低，到末级降低到接近于大气压力。工质在每级膨胀机74中膨胀后，温度会降低；当然，能量也就减少；此时，通过加热器75从热传输工质5中获取热量，即获取能量，增加发动机工质的能量；膨胀机72获取到能量，从而可不断向外部输出机械能（用于发电或其它用途），完成热能到机械能的转换。Similarly, the working medium expands in each expander, and the pressure decreases step by step until it is reduced to close to atmospheric pressure in the final stage. After the working medium expands in each stage of expander 74, the temperature will decrease; of course, the energy will also decrease; at this time, the heat is obtained from the heat transfer working medium 5 through the heater 75, that is, energy is obtained, and the energy of the engine working medium is increased The expander 72 obtains energy, so that it can continuously output mechanical energy (for power generation or other purposes) to the outside to complete the conversion of thermal energy to mechanical energy.
如上所述，通过多级压缩、多级散热、多级膨胀、多级加热的方式，使发动机工作在由两个接近于等温过程、两个接近于等压过程的热力循环过程中，如图9所示。进一步说明如下：As mentioned above, through multi-stage compression, multi-stage heat dissipation, multi-stage expansion, and multi-stage heating, the engine works in a thermodynamic cycle process consisting of two processes close to isothermal and two processes close to isobaric, as shown in the figure 9. Further explanation is as follows:
1-2过程：由多级绝热压缩过程和多级等压降温过程组成，整个过程的最高温度与最低温度相近，所以，称为近似的等温压缩过程，这个过程分别在各级压缩机与散热器中进行；1-2 Process: It consists of a multi-stage adiabatic compression process and a multi-stage equal pressure cooling process. The highest temperature in the whole process is similar to the lowest temperature, so it is called an approximate isothermal compression process. in the device;
2-3过程： 这个过程发生在回热器76和首级加热器751中完成，从末级压缩机714出来的发动机工质温度在压力不变(由于这两个散热器的工质阻力较小，压力变化可忽略不计)的情况下，获取来自于太阳能集热装置1的热量(能量)，温度升高到较高温度值（如图中所示的410℃左右）；2-3 Process: This process occurs in the regenerator 76 and the first stage heater 751, and the temperature of the engine working fluid coming out from the final stage compressor 714 is constant at the pressure (due to the relatively high resistance of the working fluid of these two radiators) When the temperature is small and the pressure change is negligible), the heat (energy) from the solar thermal collector 1 is obtained, and the temperature rises to a higher temperature value (about 410°C as shown in the figure);
3-4过程： 这个过程发生在各级膨胀机72和加热器75之中，由于这个过程中，工质的最高温度与最低温度差距不大，所以，可认为是近似的等温膨胀过程。在这个过程中，发动机不断吸收来自于太阳的热能(即来自于太阳能集热器或蓄热装置的热能)，实现热能或太阳能到机械能的转换。3-4 Process: This process takes place in the expanders 72 and heaters 75 at all levels. Since the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the working fluid is not large during this process, it can be considered as an approximate isothermal expansion process. In this process, the engine continuously absorbs heat energy from the sun (that is, heat energy from a solar collector or heat storage device), and realizes the conversion of heat energy or solar energy into mechanical energy.
4-1过程：这个过程提指发动机工质从末级膨胀机724出来之后进入大气中的过程，包括工质在回热器76中的降温换热过程。由于整个过程的压力变化非常小，所以可称为“等压降温”过程。4-1 Process: This process refers to the process in which the engine working fluid enters the atmosphere after it exits the final expander 724 , including the cooling and heat exchange process of the working fluid in the regenerator 76 . Since the pressure change in the whole process is very small, it can be called "equal pressure cooling" process.
图9中还提供了各过程的温度变化值，可用作为实施时的参考设计参数。Figure 9 also provides the temperature change values of each process, which can be used as reference design parameters during implementation.
上述热力循环中，压缩过程的平均温度与膨胀过程的平均温度是关键参数；两个温度的差值越大，则热力循环的效率越高；膨胀过程的平均温度越高，则热力循环的效率也越高。In the above thermodynamic cycle, the average temperature of the compression process and the average temperature of the expansion process are key parameters; the greater the difference between the two temperatures, the higher the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle; the higher the average temperature of the expansion process, the higher the efficiency of the thermodynamic cycle. Also taller.
如果对比目前光热发电系统中的蒸汽轮机热力循环的这两个温度，我们可以发现，本技术方案中的平均膨胀温度更高，平均压缩温度更低，所以，本技术方案可使热力系统的效率有效提升。If we compare the two temperatures of the thermal cycle of the steam turbine in the current photothermal power generation system, we can find that the average expansion temperature in this technical solution is higher and the average compression temperature is lower. Therefore, this technical solution can make the thermal system Efficiency is effectively improved.
为进一步提高光热储能发电系统的效率，本技术方案提供一种提升换热效率的方法，具体是：采用热管式换热器，包括集热器中的吸热器124、发动机系统中的加热器75、散热器74、回热器76等均采用热管式换热器。In order to further improve the efficiency of the photothermal energy storage power generation system, this technical solution provides a method for improving the heat exchange efficiency, specifically: using a heat pipe heat exchanger, including the heat absorber 124 in the heat collector, and the heat sink in the engine system Heater 75, radiator 74, regenerator 76 etc. all adopt heat pipe type heat exchanger.
由于这几种换热器的具体应用位置或场景有所不同，所以，换热器的设计方法都必须进行变化。下面，对这几种换热器的具体实施方案进行说明。Since the specific application locations or scenarios of these types of heat exchangers are different, the design methods of the heat exchangers must be changed. The specific embodiments of these heat exchangers will be described below.
首先介绍用于吸收来自太阳能聚光镜辐射的热量的吸热器124如何使用热管换热原理，这里提供一种优选的吸热器实施方案。Firstly, it is introduced how the heat absorber 124 for absorbing the heat radiated from the solar concentrator uses the principle of heat exchange of heat pipes, and a preferred embodiment of the heat absorber is provided here.
吸热器124在本说明中，属于集热装置1的一部份，所述集热装置1还包括：塔柱112、横梁111、热传输工质流入管14、热传输工质流出管15，如图10所示。In this description, the heat absorber 124 belongs to a part of the heat collection device 1, and the heat collection device 1 also includes: a tower column 112, a beam 111, a heat transfer working medium inflow pipe 14, and a heat transfer working medium outflow pipe 15 , as shown in Figure 10.
吸热器12吊装、悬挂于横梁111的一端；The heat absorber 12 is hoisted and suspended on one end of the beam 111;
参见图11， 整个集热器12包括：保温帽盖121，反光镜122，吸收镜123，吸热器124；而吸热器124又由气体集管1241，液体集管1242，分液管1243，吸热管1244等部份组成；Referring to Fig. 11, the whole heat collector 12 comprises: insulation cap 121, reflective mirror 122, absorption mirror 123, heat absorber 124; , heat-absorbing pipe 1244 and other parts;
气体集管1241，液体集管1242，分液管1243，吸热管1244等管路组成一个吸热器124即为特制的、适合于该应用场景的热管式换热器；液体集管1242安装在气体集管1241的上方，吸热管1244安装于气体集管1241的下方，沿气体集管1241轴线方向均匀分布；分液管1243安装于液体集管1242的下方，贯穿气体集管1241后，插入到吸热管1244的内部；为了使吸热管1244的表面能充分有效地被利用于吸收太阳能光线的能量，吸热管1244做成锥形，其中直径较小的一端为闭口端，另一端为开口端。Gas header 1241, liquid header 1242, liquid pipe 1243, heat absorption pipe 1244 and other pipelines form a heat absorber 124, which is a special heat pipe heat exchanger suitable for this application scene; liquid header 1242 is installed Above the gas header 1241, the heat absorbing tubes 1244 are installed below the gas header 1241, and are evenly distributed along the axis of the gas header 1241; , inserted into the inside of the heat-absorbing pipe 1244; in order to make the surface of the heat-absorbing pipe 1244 fully and effectively utilized for absorbing the energy of solar rays, the heat-absorbing pipe 1244 is made into a tapered shape, wherein the end with a smaller diameter is a closed end, The other end is an open end.
这种形状和结构的吸热器124，就是本实施例的优化的热管式换热器结构，而且适用于“热传输工质5”为气液二相状态的物质。The heat absorber 124 of this shape and structure is the optimized heat pipe heat exchanger structure of this embodiment, and is suitable for the substance in which the "heat transfer working medium 5" is in a gas-liquid two-phase state.
以气液二相流热传输工质为例，液态的热传输工质5从热传输工质流入管14进入到液体集管1242，再通过分液管1243流入到吸热管1244中，然后在吸热管1244中吸收太阳能热量，蒸发成为气体，进入到气体集管1241，再由热传输工质流出管15流出，这个过程是一个热管换热循环过程。Taking the gas-liquid two-phase flow heat transfer medium as an example, the liquid heat transfer medium 5 enters the liquid header 1242 from the heat transfer medium inflow pipe 14, and then flows into the heat absorption pipe 1244 through the liquid distribution pipe 1243, and then The heat of solar energy is absorbed in the heat absorption pipe 1244, evaporated into gas, enters the gas header 1241, and then flows out from the heat transfer working medium outflow pipe 15. This process is a heat pipe heat exchange cycle process.
这种热管式换热器的结构，使得吸热过程可以利用热管原理，也使得热传输工质5可以使用汽液二相流物质，从而有利于缩小热传输管路的直径，减小安装尺寸。The structure of this heat pipe heat exchanger enables the heat absorption process to use the heat pipe principle, and also enables the heat transfer working medium 5 to use a vapor-liquid two-phase flow substance, which is beneficial to reducing the diameter of the heat transfer pipeline and reducing the installation size .
实际上，这种换热器的结构形式，同样适用于“熔盐”热传输工质，所以，这种换热器结构具有通用性。In fact, the structural form of this heat exchanger is also applicable to the "molten salt" heat transfer medium, so the structure of this heat exchanger is versatile.
还有一个重要优势，这种换热器结构使得该换热器能够充份利用集热器12内部的整个空间，而不是像目前传统的塔式光热熔盐吸热系统的管屏式换热器只能利用塔顶圆柱面范围的面积。因此，这种吸热器的体积相对于传统的吸热器的体积可以大幅度缩小，整个吸热器的重量也大幅度降低，进而吸热器外表面积减少、散热损失减少、热效率提高。Another important advantage is that this heat exchanger structure enables the heat exchanger to make full use of the entire space inside the heat collector 12, rather than the tube-panel heat exchanger of the current traditional tower-type photothermal molten salt heat absorption system. The heater can only utilize the area of the cylindrical surface of the tower top. Therefore, the volume of the heat absorber can be greatly reduced compared with the volume of the traditional heat absorber, and the weight of the whole heat absorber is also greatly reduced, thereby reducing the outer surface area of the heat absorber, reducing heat loss, and improving thermal efficiency.
根据上述设计方案，本专利实际实施过程中，还可以对热管式换热器的结构、形式做适当的变化，这些变化也包含在本专利的保护范围之内。According to the above design scheme, during the actual implementation of this patent, appropriate changes can be made to the structure and form of the heat pipe heat exchanger, and these changes are also included in the protection scope of this patent.
加热器采用热管式换热器同样有利于本专利的实施，但仍需要根据本专利技术的总体技术方案和应用场景做特别的设计，推荐的一个设计方案参见图12。The use of a heat pipe heat exchanger for the heater is also beneficial to the implementation of this patent, but it still needs to be specially designed according to the overall technical scheme and application scenarios of this patented technology. A recommended design scheme is shown in Figure 12.
该图表达了一个由3排热管换热组件的组成的加热器(实际实施时，根据需要增加加热器的排数)，其上部用于发动机工质的吸热升温，下部用于热传输工质的放热降温。This figure shows a heater consisting of 3 rows of heat pipe heat exchange components (in actual implementation, increase the number of rows of heaters as required), the upper part is used for heat absorption and temperature rise of the engine working fluid, and the lower part is used for heat transfer work Massive exothermic cooling.
图13表达了一种热管式散热器的结构原理，散热器上部换热表面流通的是室外空气，下部流通的发动机工质。通过这种换热方式，使压缩机组流出的发动机工质得到冷却。Figure 13 expresses the structural principle of a heat pipe radiator. The heat exchange surface on the upper part of the radiator circulates the outdoor air, and the engine working fluid circulates on the lower part. Through this heat exchange method, the engine working fluid flowing out of the compressor unit is cooled.
图14表达了一种热管式回热器的结构原理，回热器上部流通的是来自末级压缩机的发动机工质，经过回热器后，温度有较大幅度的上升；回热器的下部流通的是来自末级膨胀机的发动机工质。Figure 14 expresses the structural principle of a heat pipe type regenerator. The upper part of the regenerator is the engine working fluid from the final stage compressor. After passing through the regenerator, the temperature rises considerably; What circulates in the lower part is the engine working fluid from the final expander.
通过这个换热过程，回收了末级膨胀机排出的发动机工质中的热量，提升了发动机的热效率。Through this heat exchange process, the heat in the engine working fluid discharged by the final expander is recovered, and the thermal efficiency of the engine is improved.
现在再回到图1，对热传输管路4的实施方案进行说明。Returning now to FIG. 1, an embodiment of the heat transfer line 4 will be described.
整套热传输管路4由集热高温管41、集热低温管42、发动机输入管43、发动机输出管44、蓄热高温管45、蓄热低温管46等主要管路组成。The whole set of heat transfer pipeline 4 is composed of heat collecting high temperature pipe 41, heat collecting low temperature pipe 42, engine input pipe 43, engine output pipe 44, heat storage high temperature pipe 45, heat storage low temperature pipe 46 and other main pipelines.
为描述方便，图1中，还绘制了这些管路的连接接口位置，分别是：For the convenience of description, in Figure 1, the connection interface positions of these pipelines are also drawn, which are:
C1 集热高温管接入口，该接口与各吸热器热传输工质流出管15连接，C1 The inlet of the heat collecting high-temperature pipe, which is connected with the heat transfer working medium outflow pipe 15 of each heat absorber,
C2 集热低温管接出口，该接口与各吸热器的热传输工质流入管14连接，C2 is the outlet of the heat collecting low temperature pipe, which is connected with the heat transfer working medium inflow pipe 14 of each heat absorber,
C3 发动机输入管接口，该接口连接到发动机热传输工质输入总管77，C3 engine input pipe interface, which is connected to the engine heat transfer working medium input main pipe 77,
C4 发动机输出管接口，该接口连接到发动机热传输工质输出总管78，C4 engine output pipe interface, which is connected to the engine heat transfer working medium output main pipe 78,
C5 蓄热装置高温接口，指与蓄放热高温总管36连接的接口，C5 High temperature interface of heat storage device refers to the interface connected with heat storage and discharge high temperature main pipe 36,
C6 蓄热装置低温接口，指与蓄放热低温总管35连接的接口，C6 The low temperature interface of the heat storage device refers to the interface connected with the heat storage and discharge low temperature main pipe 35,
C7 蓄热进入阀接口，靠近热传输工质动力循环装置6且与蓄热进入阀62进口相连接的接口，C7 heat storage inlet valve port, which is close to the heat transfer working fluid power cycle device 6 and connected to the heat storage inlet valve 62 inlet,
C8 放热进入阀接口，靠近热传输工质动力循环装置6且与放热进入阀61进口相连接的接口，C8 The port of the exothermic inlet valve, which is close to the heat transfer working medium power cycle device 6 and connected to the inlet of the exothermic inlet valve 61,
C9 蓄热流出阀接口，靠近热传输工质动力循环装置6且与蓄热流出阀出口65相连接的接口，C9 Heat storage outflow valve port, the port close to the heat transfer working fluid power cycle device 6 and connected to the heat storage outflow valve outlet 65,
C10 集热蓄热发电三通接口，指集热高温管、蓄热高温管、发动机输入管三根管子连接在一起的位置的三通接口；C10 Heat collection heat storage power generation tee interface refers to the tee interface where the three pipes of heat collection high temperature pipe, heat storage high temperature pipe and engine input pipe are connected together;
如图1所示：As shown in Figure 1:
集热高温管连接在接口C1与C10之间，The heat collecting high temperature tube is connected between the interface C1 and C10,
集热低温管连接在接口C2与C9之间，The heat collecting low temperature tube is connected between the interface C2 and C9,
蓄热高温管连接在接口C5和C10之间，The heat storage high temperature tube is connected between the interface C5 and C10,
蓄热低温管连接在接口C6和C7之间，The heat storage cryogenic tube is connected between the ports C6 and C7,
发动机输入管连接在接口C10和C3之间，The engine input pipe is connected between ports C10 and C3,
发动机输出管连接在接口C8和C4之间。The engine output pipe is connected between ports C8 and C4.
采用这种管路连接方式，再利用热传输工质动力循环装置6相关阀门的切换，就可以实现蓄热、放热、发电等多种工作模式。Using this pipeline connection method, and then using the switch of the relevant valves of the heat transfer working medium power cycle device 6, multiple working modes such as heat storage, heat release, and power generation can be realized.
为进一步理解所述热传输管路系统的工作原理，接下来介绍热传输工质动力循环装置6的组成和工作原理。In order to further understand the working principle of the heat transfer pipeline system, the composition and working principle of the heat transfer working medium power cycle device 6 are introduced next.
如图1所示，该装置包括：放热进入阀61，蓄热进入阀62，储液器63，工质循环泵64，蓄热流出阀65，放热流出阀66等部件和相应的管路；As shown in Figure 1, the device includes: heat release inlet valve 61, heat storage inlet valve 62, liquid reservoir 63, working fluid circulation pump 64, heat storage outflow valve 65, heat release outflow valve 66 and other components and corresponding pipes road;
打开蓄热进入阀62和蓄热流出阀65，关闭放热流出阀66、放热进入阀61即可实现纯蓄热工作模式；Open the heat storage inlet valve 62 and the heat storage outflow valve 65, close the heat release outflow valve 66 and the heat release inlet valve 61 to realize the pure heat storage working mode;
打开蓄热进入阀62和蓄热流出阀65，关闭放热流出阀66，不关闭放热进入阀61即可实现同时蓄热与发电的工作模式；Open the heat storage inlet valve 62 and the heat storage outflow valve 65, close the heat release outflow valve 66, and do not close the heat release inlet valve 61 to realize the working mode of heat storage and power generation at the same time;
关闭蓄热进入阀62和蓄热流出阀65，打开放热流出阀66，打开放热进入阀61即可实现利用蓄热进行发电的工作模式，即放热发电工作模式。Closing heat storage inlet valve 62 and heat storage outflow valve 65, opening heat release outflow valve 66, and opening heat release inlet valve 61 can realize the working mode of using heat storage for power generation, that is, the heat release power generation working mode.
储液器63用于储存必要的热传输工质5，以调节系统在高温与低温两种状态时，热传输工质5的体积变化，并保证管路系统的工作压力，另外，还可避免工质循环泵64的进口出现负压状态。The liquid reservoir 63 is used to store the necessary heat-transfer working medium 5 to adjust the volume change of the heat-transfer working medium 5 when the system is in high temperature and low temperature states, and to ensure the working pressure of the pipeline system. In addition, it can also avoid The inlet of the working fluid circulation pump 64 appears in a negative pressure state.
为保证工质循环泵64的进口始终为液体，整套热传输工质动力循环装置6安装在低于蓄热装置3的位置；同样，工质循环泵64还需要安装在低于储液器63的位置。In order to ensure that the inlet of the working medium circulation pump 64 is always liquid, the whole set of heat transfer working medium power circulation device 6 is installed at a position lower than the heat storage device 3; s position.
为充分说明本光热储能发电系统的实施方式，还需要对系统中的热传输工质做进一步的说明。In order to fully describe the implementation of the photothermal energy storage power generation system, further description of the heat transfer medium in the system is required.
集热器12、蓄热装置3、热传输工质动力循环装置6、发动机7之间利用热传输管路4进行相互连接，形成一个完整的工质循环系统；热传输工质5充注在这个系统中。The heat collector 12, the heat storage device 3, the heat transfer working medium power cycle device 6, and the engine 7 are connected to each other by the heat transfer pipeline 4 to form a complete working medium circulation system; the heat transfer working medium 5 is filled in the in this system.
为使该系统有良好的热循环工质使用的通用性，如前所述，本发明对蓄热装置3、吸热器124、发动机的加热器75、热传输工质动力循环装置6等都提供了具体的设计方案，使本光热储能发电系统具有良好的适用性、通用性，即：既可以使用熔盐作为热传输工质，也可以使用气液双相状态物质作为热传输工质。In order to make this system have good versatility in the use of thermal cycle working medium, as mentioned above, the present invention can be used for heat storage device 3, heat absorber 124, heater 75 of engine, heat transfer working medium power cycle device 6, etc. A specific design scheme is provided to make the photothermal energy storage power generation system have good applicability and versatility, that is, both molten salt can be used as the heat transfer medium, and gas-liquid two-phase state substances can also be used as the heat transfer work medium. quality.
在前面的内容中，对光热集热、蓄热及热能到机械能的转换等过程和方法进行了详细的说明，具体实施过程中，按这些说明可完成热到机械能的转换，显然，将发电机8与发动机7同轴连接后，即可实现太阳能光热到电能的转换，在此不再赘述。In the previous content, the processes and methods of photothermal heat collection, heat storage, and conversion of thermal energy to mechanical energy were described in detail. During the specific implementation process, the conversion of heat to mechanical energy can be completed according to these instructions. Obviously, the power generation After the engine 8 is coaxially connected with the engine 7, the conversion of solar light and heat into electric energy can be realized, and details will not be repeated here.
综上所述，在光热储能发电领域，这是一个全新的系统，该系统综合利用了多种集热、蓄热、热传输、发动机热力循环的一系列创造性技术方案，使得该系统在多个环节（包括但不限于：太阳能镜场、集热装置、蓄热装置、发动机、热传输）提高了热效率，降低了建造成本或降低后期运行过程中的维护费用。To sum up, in the field of photothermal energy storage power generation, this is a brand new system, which comprehensively utilizes a series of creative technical solutions of heat collection, heat storage, heat transfer, and engine thermodynamic cycle, making the system in Multiple links (including but not limited to: solar mirror field, heat collection device, heat storage device, engine, heat transfer) improve thermal efficiency, reduce construction costs or reduce maintenance costs during later operation.
该系统在具体实施过程中，还可根据上述介绍及相关技术原理，进行适当的改变，这些明显的、易识别的相关改变也包含在本发明的保护范围之内。During the specific implementation of the system, appropriate changes can also be made according to the above introduction and related technical principles, and these obvious and easily identifiable related changes are also included in the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310544159.9ACN116557244A (en) | 2023-05-15 | 2023-05-15 | Photo-thermal energy storage power generation system |
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| CN202310544159.9ACN116557244A (en) | 2023-05-15 | 2023-05-15 | Photo-thermal energy storage power generation system |
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| CN202310544159.9APendingCN116557244A (en) | 2023-05-15 | 2023-05-15 | Photo-thermal energy storage power generation system |
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