CN116392274A - Structure, manufacturing method and application of a flip-cover fence-type indirect bonding guide plate - Google Patents
Structure, manufacturing method and application of a flip-cover fence-type indirect bonding guide plateDownload PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
- A61C7/08—Mouthpiece-type retainers or positioners, e.g. for both the lower and upper arch
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
- A61C7/12—Brackets; Arch wires; Combinations thereof; Accessories therefor
- A61C7/14—Brackets; Fixing brackets to teeth
- A61C7/16—Brackets; Fixing brackets to teeth specially adapted to be cemented to teeth
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明属于口腔固定正畸领域，涉及间接粘接导板，具体涉及一种可掀盖的栅栏式的3D打印的间接粘接导板的结构、制作方法及应用，主要用于口腔固定正畸中需要准确地粘接托槽的临床应用场景。The invention belongs to the field of fixed oral orthodontics, and relates to an indirect bonding guide plate, in particular to the structure, manufacturing method and application of a fence-type 3D printed indirect bonding guide plate that can be lifted, and is mainly used in fixed oral orthodontics. Clinical application scenarios for accurately bonding brackets.
背景技术Background technique
在口腔正畸固定矫治领域，托槽是重要部件，托槽用粘接剂粘接于牙冠表面，弓丝通过托槽而对牙施以各种类型的矫治力。因此托槽粘接的准确性直接影响口腔正畸矫治的精度以及矫治效率。In the field of orthodontic fixed correction, the bracket is an important part. The bracket is bonded to the surface of the crown with an adhesive, and the arch wire passes through the bracket to exert various types of orthodontic force on the tooth. Therefore, the accuracy of bracket bonding directly affects the accuracy and efficiency of orthodontic treatment.
传统的口腔正畸治疗中，在将托槽粘接于牙冠表面时，通常采用医师手持镊子或钳子，凭借手感和经验，在口内逐颗地将托槽直接粘接在牙面上，称为直接粘接方式。托槽直接粘接是根据医师的临床经验进行手工粘接，高度依赖医师的粘接技巧和肉眼观察。由于托槽与牙面通过粘合剂固定，一旦固定则无法轻易改变位置，因此托槽的选位、定位、精细化调整耗时较长，同时由于托槽为不规则形体可操控性较差，造成医师工作强度大，效率不高，可重复性欠佳，精度也不够理想。尽管如此，由于其直观性，依然为大部分正畸医师广泛应用于临床实践中。In traditional orthodontic treatment, when the brackets are bonded to the surface of the crown, the doctor usually uses tweezers or pliers to directly bond the brackets to the tooth surface one by one in the mouth with the help of hand feeling and experience. For direct bonding. The direct bonding of brackets is performed manually according to the physician's clinical experience, which is highly dependent on the physician's bonding skills and visual observation. Since the bracket and the tooth surface are fixed by adhesive, once it is fixed, the position cannot be easily changed, so the selection, positioning, and fine adjustment of the bracket take a long time, and the irregular shape of the bracket is less maneuverable , resulting in high work intensity for physicians, low efficiency, poor repeatability, and unsatisfactory accuracy. Nevertheless, due to its intuitiveness, it is still widely used in clinical practice by most orthodontists.
为克服直接粘接的缺点，自20世纪70年代，Silverman等提出间接粘接的概念并发展至今。相较于传统的口内直接粘接托槽，间接粘接在石膏模型或计算机三维模型上完成托槽定位，然后将托槽放置于转移装置中，这种转移装置通常被称为间接粘接导板。间接粘接导板目前通常采用透明或半透明的硅胶塑料等材料制造，结构类似具有内凹的牙套，有整体的牙套也有单颗牙的牙套，牙套的内凹部分的内面设有可填充托槽的凹陷区，将托槽逐颗填入凹陷区，将间接粘接导板戴入牙弓后，托槽背面能够与牙面粘接。通过间接粘接导板的辅助将托槽转移粘接至牙齿上，最后再将间接粘接导板脱位。间接粘接有助于提高托槽定位精度，缩短医师的操作时间，提高工作效率等，极大地推动了口腔正畸技术的发展。In order to overcome the shortcomings of direct bonding, since the 1970s, Silverman et al. proposed the concept of indirect bonding and has developed it to this day. Compared with the traditional direct bonding brackets in the mouth, indirect bonding completes the positioning of the brackets on the plaster model or computer three-dimensional model, and then places the brackets in the transfer device, which is usually called an indirect bonding guide . The indirect bonding guide plate is usually made of transparent or translucent silicone plastic and other materials. Its structure is similar to a brace with a concave. There are integral braces and single-tooth braces. The inner surface of the concave part of the brace is equipped with a fillable bracket In the depressed area, fill the brackets one by one into the depressed area, and after wearing the indirect bonding guide plate into the dental arch, the back of the bracket can be bonded to the tooth surface. The brackets are transferred and bonded to the teeth with the aid of an indirect bonding guide, and finally the indirect bonding guide is dislocated. Indirect bonding helps to improve the positioning accuracy of brackets, shorten the operating time of doctors, improve work efficiency, etc., which greatly promotes the development of orthodontic technology.
目前的临床实践中，间接粘贴仍存在以下若干问题：In current clinical practice, there are still several problems with indirect pasting:
(1)就位不准的问题：在使用间接粘接导板时，牙支撑间接粘接导板，牙的倒凹会造成间接粘接导板就位产生误差，术中将间接粘接导板在口内就位时，需通过观察使间接粘接导板基托内表面与牙体硬组织表面、黏膜软组织表面高度贴合；由于传统间接粘接导板是整块的、全包式的，对视线造成阻挡，使医生难以观察到就位状态，若间接粘接导板未完全就位，轻微移动就会使得托槽定位不准，导致偏差，影响矫正的时间和矫治效果。(1) The problem of inaccurate placement: when using the indirect bonding guide plate, the teeth support the indirect bonding guide plate, and the undercut of the teeth will cause errors in the positioning of the indirect bonding guide plate. When positioning, it is necessary to make the inner surface of the indirect bonding guide plate highly fit with the surface of the tooth hard tissue and the surface of the mucosal soft tissue through observation; because the traditional indirect bonding guide plate is a whole piece and all-inclusive, it will block the line of sight. It makes it difficult for the doctor to observe the in-position status. If the indirect bonding guide plate is not fully in place, a slight movement will make the bracket positioning inaccurate, resulting in deviation, affecting the correction time and effect.
(2)粘接剂去除的问题：由于传统间接粘接导板是整块的、全包式的，覆盖了整个牙面，并完全覆盖托槽表面，影响口内操作，特别是托槽粘接残留粘接剂不易去除。由于粘接剂的流动性并不是很好，残留的粘接剂只能溢出到牙齿表面，并不能溢出到牙龈处去进行去除，溢出到牙齿表面的残留粘接剂又被间接粘接导板覆盖住，会使得粘结在牙齿表面的托槽与设计方案中的托槽位置不一致，导致偏差，影响矫正的时间和矫治效果。(2) The problem of adhesive removal: Since the traditional indirect bonding guide plate is a whole piece and all-inclusive, it covers the entire tooth surface and completely covers the surface of the bracket, which affects the intraoral operation, especially the residual bracket bonding The adhesive is not easy to remove. Since the fluidity of the adhesive is not very good, the residual adhesive can only overflow to the tooth surface, and cannot overflow to the gums for removal, and the residual adhesive that overflows to the tooth surface is covered by the indirect bonding guide plate It will make the position of the bracket bonded on the tooth surface inconsistent with the bracket position in the design plan, resulting in deviation, affecting the time of correction and the effect of correction.
(3)脱位时容易脱掉托槽的问题：间接粘接导板需具备一定的强度，制成的间接粘接导板具有稳定的结构，这样间接粘接导板与托槽之间位置才能相对稳定，保证托槽在牙面粘接时位置的精确性；由于传统的间接粘接导板稳定的、不可活动的结构，也造成了间接粘接导板在脱位时的困难，一方面要完整地脱去间接粘接导板，另一方面也要小心翼翼地保证间接粘接导板脱位时不影响到刚刚粘接好的托槽，很容易就会导致刚刚粘贴好的托槽跟随间接粘接导板一起脱位了，这会使得医师操作时需要费神费力，有时需要多次重复操作，增加了医师的操作难度。(3) The problem of easy removal of the bracket during dislocation: the indirect bonding guide plate must have a certain strength, and the indirect bonding guide plate has a stable structure, so that the position between the indirect bonding guide plate and the bracket can be relatively stable. Guarantee the accuracy of the position of the bracket on the tooth surface; due to the stable and immovable structure of the traditional indirect bonding guide plate, it also causes difficulties in the dislocation of the indirect bonding guide plate. On the one hand, the indirect bonding guide plate must be completely removed. On the other hand, care must be taken to ensure that the dislocation of the indirect bonding guide does not affect the just bonded brackets, which can easily cause the just pasted brackets to dislocate along with the indirect bonding guide. It will make the doctor need to take great pains in the operation, and sometimes need to repeat the operation many times, which increases the difficulty of the doctor's operation.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种可掀盖栅栏式间接粘接导板的结构、制作方法及应用，本发明的间接粘接导板是基于数字化技术，通过专业设计软件，结合3D打印技术制作的可掀盖栅栏式的间接粘接导板，本发明优化了间接粘接导板的设计工序，由此制作而成的间接粘接导板具有容易就位、无倒凹、多余粘接剂容易去除，脱位时不容易脱掉托槽的优点，使口腔正畸固定矫治变得更加科学、精确和便捷。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, to provide a flip-cover fence-type indirect bonding guide plate structure, production method and application, the indirect bonding guide plate of the present invention is based on digital technology, through professional design software, Combined with the flip-cover fence-type indirect bonding guide plate made by 3D printing technology, the present invention optimizes the design process of the indirect bonding guide plate, and the indirect bonding guide plate thus produced has the characteristics of easy positioning, no undercut, redundant adhesive The adhesive is easy to remove, and the brackets are not easy to take off when dislocated, which makes the fixed orthodontic treatment more scientific, accurate and convenient.
为了实现本发明的目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：In order to realize the purpose of the present invention, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种可掀盖栅栏式间接粘接导板的制作方法，应用于口腔正畸中精准粘接托槽的间接粘接导板制作；所述制作方法包括：A method for manufacturing a flip-cover fence-type indirect bonding guide plate, which is applied to the manufacture of an indirect bonding guide plate for precise bonding of brackets in orthodontics; the manufacturing method includes:
数据采集：对需行固定正畸患者进行口内扫描获取工作侧的三维数据；Data acquisition: Intraoral scanning is performed on patients who need fixed orthodontics to obtain 3D data on the working side;
设计托槽位置：对三维数据进行平面定位；对三维数据进行修整，形成标准模型；对三维数据进行每个牙的分割，牙长轴定位；设置每个牙的临床冠中心；在每个牙的临床冠中心放置托槽位置，进行微调整，生成含托槽位置的三维数据模型，备用；Bracket position design: planar positioning of the 3D data; trimming of the 3D data to form a standard model; segmentation of each tooth and positioning of the long axis of the tooth on the 3D data; setting the clinical crown center of each tooth; Place the bracket position in the center of the clinical crown, make minor adjustments, and generate a three-dimensional data model containing the bracket position for backup;
设计元件：设计单颗牙托槽位置的元件，所述元件可实现可掀盖的单轴运动，并保证转轴的位置不松动、不移位；所述元件组成包括盖板、转轴、固定体、横栅栏，盖板连接在转轴上，转轴连接在固定体上，横栅栏的一端连接在固定体、另一端连接在转轴上；Design element: design the element at the position of a single tooth bracket, the element can realize the uniaxial movement of the flip cover, and ensure that the position of the rotating shaft is not loose or displaced; the element consists of a cover plate, a rotating shaft, and a
设计间接粘接导板：将元件导入含托槽位置的三维数据模型中，对每个牙位进行元件的复制；设计主轴和连接轴将每个牙位的元件相连，生成栅栏式间接粘接导板可3D打印文件格式；Design the indirect bonding guide plate: import the components into the 3D data model containing the bracket position, and copy the components for each tooth position; design the main axis and connecting axis to connect the components of each tooth position to generate a fence-style indirect bonding guide plate 3D printable file format;
3D打印：将栅栏式间接粘接导板可3D打印文件格式导入3D打印的排版软件中，添加支撑杆和短横杆，进行3D打印，形成3D打印的间接粘接导板；3D printing: Import the 3D printing file format of the fence-type indirect bonding guide plate into the 3D printing typesetting software, add support bars and short horizontal bars, and perform 3D printing to form a 3D printed indirect bonding guide plate;
制成成品：将3D打印的间接粘接导板去除支撑杆，光照，打磨抛光后，制作完成。Finished product: The 3D printed indirect bonding guide plate is removed from the support rod, illuminated, polished and finished.
优选地，所述设计托槽位置步骤采用3ShapeDentalSystem软件。Preferably, the step of designing bracket positions uses 3ShapeDentalSystem software.
优选地，所述设计托槽位置步骤中，放置托槽位置，进行微调整具体原则为：托槽设置不含倒凹，表面补偿0.1mm。Preferably, in the step of designing the bracket position, the bracket position is placed, and the specific principle for fine-tuning is as follows: the bracket setting does not contain undercuts, and the surface compensation is 0.1mm.
优选地，所述设计元件步骤采用Magics软件。Preferably, the step of designing elements adopts Magics software.
优选地，所述设计间接粘接导板步骤采用PlastyCAD软件。Preferably, the step of designing the guide plate for indirect bonding uses PlastyCAD software.
优选地，所述设计间接粘接导板步骤中，所述主轴是将所有元件的固定体都连接起来；所述连接杆是横跨过几个牙位后把两个固定体连接起来。Preferably, in the step of designing the guide plate for indirect bonding, the main shaft connects the fixed bodies of all elements; the connecting rod connects the two fixed bodies after spanning several tooth positions.
一种可掀盖栅栏式间接粘接导板的应用：在所述制作完成的3D打印的间接粘接导板中放入预先准备好的托槽，托槽放置于盖板位置；在托槽的底板上涂上粘接剂；将间接粘接导板安放在患者口腔内，进行光照；托槽粘接固定后，用口腔专用的高速手机磨断所述横栅栏；所述横栅栏被磨断后，盖板可通过转轴相对固定体转动，实现掀盖动作，取出间接粘接导板，完成粘接。An application of a flip-cover fence-type indirect bonding guide plate: put a pre-prepared bracket into the 3D printed indirect bonding guide plate, and place the bracket at the position of the cover plate; place the bracket on the bottom plate of the bracket Coat the adhesive; place the indirect bonding guide plate in the patient's mouth and expose to light; after the brackets are bonded and fixed, use a high-speed mobile phone dedicated to the oral cavity to grind off the horizontal fence; after the horizontal fence is worn off, cover the The plate can be rotated relative to the fixed body through the rotating shaft to realize the action of flipping the cover, and the indirect bonding guide plate can be taken out to complete the bonding.
一种可掀盖栅栏式间接粘接导板的结构：包括设置在每个牙位上的元件，所述元件组成包括盖板、转轴、固定体、横栅栏，盖板大小大于托槽面积，盖板固定连接在转轴上，转轴活动连接在固定体上，横栅栏的一端固定连接在固定体、另一端固定连接在转轴上；用主轴和连接轴将每个牙位的元件相连；所述主轴是将所有元件的固定体都连接起来；所述连接杆是横跨过几个牙位后把两个固定体连接起来；所述连接杆不是必选的，当间接粘接导板较短时可以不使用连接杆；当间接粘接导板较长时可以设置一条或多条连接杆。A flip-cover fence-type indirect bonding guide plate structure: it includes components arranged on each tooth position, and the components include a cover plate, a rotating shaft, a fixed body, and a horizontal fence. The size of the cover plate is larger than the area of the bracket, and the cover The plate is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is movably connected to the fixed body, one end of the horizontal fence is fixedly connected to the fixed body, and the other end is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft; the main shaft and the connecting shaft are used to connect the elements of each tooth position; the main shaft It is to connect the fixed bodies of all components; the connecting rod connects the two fixed bodies after spanning several tooth positions; the connecting rod is not mandatory, and can be used when the indirect bonding guide plate is short No connecting rods are used; one or more connecting rods can be provided when the indirect bonding template is longer.
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明借助扫描获取三维数据模型，采用导板设计软件，例如3ShapeDentalSystem、PlastyCAD、Magics在三维数据模型上确定每个牙位的托槽位置、设计用于定位单颗牙托槽位置的元件，设计该元件的可掀盖、单轴运动并具有可磨断横栅栏的结构、以及元件在三维数据模型上的位置和方向等，并通过连接部件将每个牙位的元件相连，完成间接粘接导板的设计，最后采用3D打印技术制作出这种可掀盖栅栏式的间接粘接导板。本发明制作的可掀盖栅栏式间接粘接导板，可以使术区充分暴露，容易在口内就位，无倒凹，多余粘接剂容易去除，脱位时不容易脱掉托槽，从而确保口腔正畸固定矫治的成功。本发明的可掀盖栅栏式间接粘接导板制作是全球口腔界探索的重要课题和未来口腔诊疗发展的方向，代表了现代数字化医疗技术的顶尖水平，让口腔固定正畸能更加快捷、精确、安全。The present invention acquires the three-dimensional data model by means of scanning, adopts guide plate design software, such as 3ShapeDentalSystem, PlastyCAD, Magics to determine the bracket position of each tooth position on the three-dimensional data model, and is designed to be used for positioning the element of single tooth bracket position, and designs the The flip-up cover of the element, the single-axis movement and the structure with the ability to grind the horizontal fence, and the position and direction of the element on the three-dimensional data model, etc., and connect the elements of each tooth position through the connecting parts to complete the indirect bonding guide plate Finally, 3D printing technology was used to produce this flip-cover fence-style indirect bonding guide plate. The flip-cover fence-type indirect bonding guide plate made by the present invention can fully expose the operation area, and is easy to be in place in the mouth without undercuts. The success of orthodontic fixation. The manufacture of the flip-cover fence-type indirect bonding guide plate of the present invention is an important subject to be explored by the global oral community and the direction of future oral diagnosis and treatment development. It represents the top level of modern digital medical technology and makes oral fixed orthodontics faster, more accurate Safety.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本申请实施例中工作侧的三维数据STL文件的示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the three-dimensional data STL file of working side in the embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例中三维数据进行平面定位的示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of plane positioning of three-dimensional data in the embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请实施例中三维数据进行修整形成标准模型的示意图；FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of trimming three-dimensional data to form a standard model in the embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请实施例中三维数据进行每个牙的分割和牙长轴定位的示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the segmentation of each tooth and the positioning of the long axis of the tooth by three-dimensional data in the embodiment of the present application;
图5为本申请实施例中设置每个牙的临床冠中心的示意图；Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of setting the clinical crown center of each tooth in the embodiment of the present application;
图6为本申请实施例中放置托槽位置并进行微调整的示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of placing the bracket position and performing fine adjustment in the embodiment of the present application;
图7为本申请实施例中生成含托槽位置的三维数据模型的示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of generating a three-dimensional data model containing bracket positions in an embodiment of the present application;
图8为本申请实施例中单颗牙托槽位置的元件的示意图；Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of elements at the position of a single tooth bracket in the embodiment of the present application;
图9为本申请实施例中设有横栅栏的元件的示意图；Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of elements provided with horizontal fences in the embodiment of the present application;
图10为本申请实施例中对每个牙位进行元件的复制的示意图；Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of replicating elements for each tooth position in the embodiment of the present application;
图11为本申请实施例中设计完成的间接粘接导板的示意图；11 is a schematic diagram of the indirect bonding guide plate designed in the embodiment of the present application;
图12为本申请实施例中3D打印后的间接粘接导板的示意图；Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the indirect bonding guide plate after 3D printing in the embodiment of the present application;
图13为本申请实施例中放入预先准备好的托槽的间接粘接导板的示意图；13 is a schematic diagram of an indirect bonding guide plate placed in a pre-prepared bracket in the embodiment of the present application;
图14为本申请实施例中将间接粘接导板安放在患者A口腔内的示意图；Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of placing the indirect bonding guide plate in the oral cavity of patient A in the embodiment of the present application;
图15为本申请实施例中用口腔专用的高速手机磨断横栅栏后的示意图；Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram after grinding the horizontal fence with a high-speed mobile phone dedicated to the oral cavity in the embodiment of the present application;
图16为本申请实施例中取出间接粘接导板完成粘接的示意图；Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of taking out the indirect bonding guide plate to complete the bonding in the embodiment of the present application;
图17为本申请实施例中间接粘接导板制作方法的流程总结图。FIG. 17 is a flow summary diagram of the manufacturing method of the indirect bonding guide plate in the embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本申请的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本申请的其他优点及功效。The implementation of the present application will be described by specific specific examples below, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the content disclosed in this specification.
在下述描述中，参考附图，附图描述了本申请的实施例。应当理解，还可使用其他实施例，并且可以在不背离本公开的精神和范围的情况下进行改变。下面的详细描述不应该被认为是限制性的，并且本申请的实施例的范围仅由公布的专利的权利要求所限定。这里使用的术语仅是为了描述特定实施例，而并非旨在限制本申请。In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. The following detailed description should not be considered limiting, and the scope of the embodiments of the present application is defined only by the claims of the issued patent. The terminology used herein is for describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application.
病例资料：患者A，性别：女；年龄：青少年；主诉：牙齿不齐，要求矫正；治疗目标：(1)解除牙列拥挤；(2)改善咬合；(3)调整至磨牙、尖牙中性关系；治疗计划：(1)全口固定矫治；(2)颌间牵引；(3)精细调整；(4)保持。Case data: Patient A, gender: female; age: teenager; chief complaint: misaligned teeth, requiring correction; treatment goals: (1) relieve dentition crowding; (2) improve occlusion; (3) adjust to molars and canines Sexual relationship; treatment plan: (1) full mouth fixed orthodontics; (2) intermaxillary traction; (3) fine adjustment; (4) maintenance.
制作步骤：Production steps:
一.数据采集：1. Data collection:
对需行固定正畸患者A进行口内扫描获取工作侧的三维数据STL文件(参见图1)。Intraoral scanning was performed on patient A who needed fixed orthodontics to obtain the three-dimensional data STL file of the working side (see Figure 1).
STL：Stereolithographic文件格式，是美国3DSYSTEMS公司提出的三维实体造型系统的一个接口标准，其接口格式规范。采用三角形面片离散地近似表示三维模型，目前已被工业界认为是快速成形领域的标准描述文件格式。在逆向工程、有限元分析、医学成像系统、文物保护等方面有广泛的应用。STL文件的最大特点是由一系列的三角形面片无序排列组合在一起。STL: Stereolithographic file format is an interface standard for the 3D solid modeling system proposed by the American 3DSYSTEMS company, and its interface format is standardized. Using triangular patches to discretely represent 3D models has been considered by the industry as a standard description file format in the field of rapid prototyping. It is widely used in reverse engineering, finite element analysis, medical imaging system, cultural relics protection, etc. The biggest feature of STL files is that a series of triangular faces are arranged and combined in disorder.
上述采集的STL数据为后期设计依据。The STL data collected above is the basis for later design.
一.设计托槽位置：1. Design bracket position:
通过3ShapeDentalSystem软件，对三维数据进行平面定位(参见图2)。对三维数据进行修整，形成标准模型①(参见图3)。对三维数据进行每个牙的分割，牙长轴定位(参见图4)。设置每个牙的临床冠中心(参见图5)。在每个牙的临床冠中心放置托槽位置，进行微调整(参见图6)。生成含托槽位置的三维数据模型②(参见图7)，具体原则为：托槽设置不含倒凹，表面补偿0.1mm。将含托槽位置的三维数据模型②导入PlastyCAD软件中备用。Through the 3ShapeDentalSystem software, the three-dimensional data is used for plane positioning (see Figure 2). Trim the three-dimensional data to form a standard model① (see Figure 3). Segment each tooth on the three-dimensional data, and locate the long axis of the tooth (see Figure 4). Set the clinical crown center of each tooth (see Figure 5). Brackets were placed at the center of the clinical crown of each tooth with minor adjustments (see Figure 6). Generate a three-dimensional data model ② (see Figure 7) including the bracket position. The specific principles are: the bracket setting does not contain undercuts, and the surface compensation is 0.1 mm. Import the
3ShapeDentalSystem：是3Shape公司开发的DentalSystem软件，是专门为牙科技师们设计的，以成本高效的方式为技工所客户提供各种高质量的修复体的软件。3ShapeDentalSystem: is the DentalSystem software developed by 3Shape, which is specially designed for dental technicians to provide laboratory customers with various high-quality restorations in a cost-effective manner.
PlastyCAD：意大利公司开发的CAD设计软件。PlastyCAD: CAD design software developed by an Italian company.
三.设计元件：3. Design components:
在Magics21.0软件中设计单颗牙托槽位置的元件③(参见图8)，设计要素为使元件③实现可掀盖的单轴运动。元件③组成结构包括盖板1、转轴2、固定体3；盖板1大小略大于托槽面积，用于放置托槽；盖板1固定连接在转轴2上，转轴2活动连接在固定体3上；通过转轴2，盖板1和固定体3可以相对转动，即“掀盖”。在元件③的基础上设计一端在固定体3、另一端在转轴2上的横栅栏4，形成可以保证转轴的位置不松动、不移位的元件④(参见图9)。The element ③ (see Figure 8) at the position of the single tooth bracket is designed in the Magics21.0 software, and the design element is to enable the
Magics21.0：是Materialise公司推出的快速生型辅助设计软件，为处理平面数据的简单易用性和高效性确立了标准，提供先进的、高度自动化的STL操作，可以将零件的三维信息切片变成二维信息集，将这些二维信息集送到快速成型机可以进行零件的加工。Magics21.0: is a rapid prototyping aided design software launched by Materialize, which sets the standard for the ease of use and high efficiency of processing planar data, provides advanced and highly automated STL operations, and can transform the three-dimensional information slices of parts into Form a two-dimensional information set, and send these two-dimensional information sets to the rapid prototyping machine for parts processing.
四、设计间接粘接导板：4. Design the guide plate for indirect bonding:
将元件④导入含托槽位置的三维数据模型②的PlastyCAD软件中，对每个牙位进行元件④的复制(参见图10)。设计主轴5和连接杆6将每个牙位的元件④相连。其中主轴5是将所有元件④的固定体都连接起来；连接杆6是横跨过几个牙位后把两个固定体3连接起来。连接杆6不是必选的，当间接粘接导板较短时可以不使用连接杆6；当间接粘接导板较长时可以设置一条或几条连接杆6，以增加强度。注意：横跨的连接杆6通常为3-4mm。主轴5更加粗一点。最后生成栅栏式3D打印的间接粘接导板STL(参见图11)。
五.3D打印：V. 3D printing:
将栅栏式3D打印的间接粘接导板STL文件导入3D打印的排版软件中，添加支撑杆和短横杆，进行3D打印，形成3D打印的间接粘接导板(参见图12)。Import the STL file of the fence-type 3D printed indirect bonding guide plate into the 3D printing typesetting software, add support bars and short horizontal bars, and perform 3D printing to form a 3D printed indirect bonding guide plate (see Figure 12).
六.制成成品：Six. Finished product:
将3D打印的间接粘接导板去除支撑杆，光照，打磨抛光后，制作完成。在盖板1处，放入预先准备好的托槽(参见图13)。The 3D printed indirect bonding guide plate is removed from the support rods, exposed to light, polished and polished, and the production is completed. At
七.临床应用：7. Clinical application:
在托槽的底板上涂上粘接剂，将间接粘接导板安放在患者A口腔内(参见图14)，进行光照。粘接固定后，用口腔专用的高速手机磨断横栅栏4(参见图15)；横栅栏4被磨断后，盖板1可通过转轴2相对固定体3转动，实现掀盖动作，取出间接粘接导板，完成粘接(参见图16)。Apply adhesive on the bottom plate of the bracket, place the indirect bonding guide in the oral cavity of patient A (see Figure 14), and perform light exposure. After bonding and fixing, use a high-speed mobile phone dedicated to the oral cavity to grind off the horizontal fence 4 (see Figure 15); after the
参见图17，展示了本申请的可掀盖栅栏式间接粘接导板的制作方法的整体流程。Referring to FIG. 17 , it shows the overall flow of the manufacturing method of the fence-type indirect bonding guide plate with flip-up cover of the present application.
注，上述实施例中所采用的软件名称仅为举例，并非限定软件种类，只要有类似功能的数字化设计工具，都可以平替采用。Note, the names of the software used in the above-mentioned embodiments are examples only, and do not limit the types of software. As long as there are digital design tools with similar functions, they can be used instead.
可见，本申请的结合数字化设计和3D打印技术的间接粘接导板，与传统的间接粘接导板相比，有如下优势：It can be seen that the indirect bonding guide plate combined with digital design and 3D printing technology of this application has the following advantages compared with the traditional indirect bonding guide plate:
(1)本申请的间接粘接导板，与传统的间接粘接导板相比，采用栅栏外形设计，无倒凹，易观察就位情况，托槽粘接更精确；(1) Compared with the traditional indirect bonding guide plate, the indirect bonding guide plate of this application adopts a fence shape design, no undercut, easy to observe the position situation, and more accurate bracket bonding;
(2)本申请的间接粘接导板，与传统的间接粘接导板相比，采用栅栏外形设计，更易去除托槽周边粘接剂，粘接剂固化更彻底。(2) Compared with the traditional indirect bonding guide plate, the indirect bonding guide plate of the present application adopts a fence shape design, which makes it easier to remove the adhesive around the bracket, and the adhesive cures more thoroughly.
(3)本申请的间接粘接导板，与传统导板相比，采用可掀盖结构，掀盖前由横栅栏保证转轴不松动不移位，确保托槽准确定位，掀盖后可使导板脱位轻松便捷，脱位时不会同时脱掉托槽。(3) Compared with the traditional guide plate, the indirect bonding guide plate of this application adopts a cover structure. Before the cover is lifted, the horizontal fence ensures that the rotating shaft will not be loosened and not shifted, and the bracket is accurately positioned. After the cover is lifted, the guide plate can be dislocated. It is easy and convenient, and the bracket will not be taken off at the same time during dislocation.
综上所述，采用本申请的间接粘接导板应用于口腔固定正畸，临床可行性良好，可操作性及可重复性强，效果可靠，能快捷、精确、安全、低成本的完成托槽定位粘接程序，是一种有效且值得推广的数字化设计技术，应用前景十分广阔。In summary, the application of the indirect bonding guide plate of this application to fixed oral orthodontics has good clinical feasibility, strong operability and repeatability, reliable effect, and fast, accurate, safe and low-cost completion of brackets. Positioning and bonding program is an effective digital design technology worthy of popularization, and its application prospect is very broad.
上述实施例仅例示性说明本申请的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本申请。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本申请的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本申请所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本申请的权利要求所涵盖。The above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative to illustrate the principles and effects of the present application, but are not intended to limit the present application. Any person familiar with the technology can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the application shall still be covered by the claims of the application.
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