CN116365845A - A control circuit of AC-DC converter and its parameter design method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a control circuit of an AC-DC converter and a parameter design method thereof, wherein the parameter design method combines the control circuit, the double Boost single-stage AC-DC converter is controlled by a COT control module to work under a BCM mode through constant on time, input impedance which is only related to inductance and on time is provided for an electromagnetic micro-generator, and when the output impedance of the electromagnetic micro-generator is changed, the on time is controlled by a P & O control module, so that the equivalent input impedance of the double Boost single-stage AC-DC converter automatically tracks the output impedance of the electromagnetic micro-generator, thereby realizing MPPT. The method has the characteristics of simple structure, realization by adopting an analog device, complete and effective design, easy starting and the like, can be widely applied to occasions of vibration energy collection, and can greatly improve the energy transmission efficiency.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种AC-DC变换器的控制电路及其参数设计方法A control circuit of AC-DC converter and its parameter design method

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及电力电子技术领域，特别涉及一种AC-DC变换器的控制电路及其参数设计方法。The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a control circuit of an AC-DC converter and a parameter design method thereof.

背景技术Background technique

在工业4.0中，需要使用利用云计算和物联网的信息物理系统来增强决策能力，实现这一愿景的关键需求是部署自供电的无线传感网络(WSNs)，因为电池供电的无线传感网络存在高额的维护和更换成本，不利于系统的经济运行。能量收集是一种从环境中获取能量并将其转化为电能的技术，是实现无线传感网络自供电的最有前途的解决方案之一。振动能广泛存在于环境中，被认为是为WSNs提供能量的最佳来源之一。而电磁式振动能量收集(EVEH)具有线圈输出阻抗低，输出功率大，可靠性高等优点，作为一种有效的能量收集方案而被广泛应用。在EVEH中，由于能量收集器输出功率限制，有必要实现最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)从而最大化提取功率。In Industry 4.0, cyber-physical systems utilizing cloud computing and the Internet of Things need to be used to enhance decision-making capabilities. A key requirement to realize this vision is the deployment of self-powered wireless sensor networks (WSNs), because battery-powered WSNs There are high maintenance and replacement costs, which is not conducive to the economical operation of the system. Energy harvesting, a technology that harvests energy from the environment and converts it into electricity, is one of the most promising solutions for self-powering wireless sensor networks. Vibration energy widely exists in the environment and is considered to be one of the best sources for powering WSNs. Electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting (EVEH) has the advantages of low coil output impedance, high output power, and high reliability, and is widely used as an effective energy harvesting scheme. In EVEH, due to energy harvester output power limitation, it is necessary to implement maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to maximize the extracted power.

而在电磁式振动能量收集电路中，单级式AC-DC变换器由于器件少、变换效率高、易于实现阻抗匹配等优点得到广泛应用。扰动观察法(P&O)MPPT通过将扰动量进行改变，然后得到观察量的变化趋势，进而调节控制量的扰动方向，以实现输出功率稳定在最大功率附近。P&O MPPT可在未知输入源阻抗及阻抗源变化的情况下，跟踪源阻抗进行阻抗匹配。使用数字方法实现P&OMPPT会带来极大的损耗，数字控制芯片的损耗往往会达到数mW到数百mW，难以适用于mW级的EVEH自供电系统中。而模拟P&O方法可以将损耗降至μW级，这对于微弱能量收集尤为关键。而目前仍缺少完整有效的针对单级AC-DC变换器的模拟P&O的设计方法。In the electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting circuit, the single-stage AC-DC converter is widely used due to the advantages of fewer components, high conversion efficiency, and easy impedance matching. Perturbation and observation (P&O) MPPT changes the disturbance quantity, and then obtains the change trend of the observed quantity, and then adjusts the disturbance direction of the control quantity to stabilize the output power near the maximum power. P&O MPPT can track the source impedance for impedance matching when the input source impedance and impedance source change are unknown. Using digital methods to realize P&OMPPT will bring great loss, and the loss of digital control chips often reaches several mW to hundreds of mW, which is difficult to apply to mW-level EVEH self-powered systems. The analog P&O method can reduce the loss to the μW level, which is especially critical for weak energy harvesting. However, there is still a lack of complete and effective design methods for analog P&O of single-stage AC-DC converters.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明实施例提供了一种AC-DC变换器的控制电路及其参数设计方法，以至少解决相关技术中现有单级AC-DC变换器MPPT策略跟踪精度低、能耗高的技术问题。Embodiments of the present invention provide a control circuit of an AC-DC converter and a parameter design method thereof, so as to at least solve the technical problems of low tracking accuracy and high energy consumption of an MPPT strategy of an existing single-stage AC-DC converter in the related art.

根据本发明实施例的一方面，提供了一种AC-DC变换器的控制电路，包括：According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a control circuit of an AC-DC converter is provided, including:

可选地，包括相连接的COT控制模块和P&O控制模块，所述COT控制模块和P&O控制模块分别与双Boost单级AC-DC变换器连接；所述P&O控制模块用于获取实现MPPT所需要的导通时间，输入到COT控制模块并控制主电路工作在BCM模式下。Optionally, it includes a connected COT control module and a P&O control module, the COT control module and the P&O control module are respectively connected with dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converters; the P&O control module is used to obtain the required MPPT The conduction time is input to the COT control module and controls the main circuit to work in BCM mode.

可选地，所述COT控制模块包括依次连接的电感电流采样模块、极性检测器、RS锁存器、PWM发生器模块，所述电感电流采样模块与双Boost单级AC-DC变换器连接。Optionally, the COT control module includes an inductor current sampling module, a polarity detector, an RS latch, and a PWM generator module connected in sequence, and the inductor current sampling module is connected to a dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter .

可选地，所述P&O控制模块包括依次连接的同相放大器、有源低通滤波器、延时电路和充放电切换电路，所述同相放大器与双Boost单级AC-DC变换器连接，所述充放电切换电路与PWM发生器模块连接。Optionally, the P&O control module includes a sequentially connected non-inverting amplifier, an active low-pass filter, a delay circuit, and a charge-discharge switching circuit, the non-inverting amplifier is connected to a dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter, and the The charging and discharging switching circuit is connected with the PWM generator module.

根据本发明实施例的另一方面，还提供了一种变换器的AC-DC变换器的控制电路的参数设计方法，参数设计方法应用上述任一所述的AC-DC变换器的控制电路，包括：According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a parameter design method of the control circuit of the AC-DC converter of the converter, the parameter design method is applied to the control circuit of any one of the above-mentioned AC-DC converters, include:

通过COT控制模块恒定导通时间控制使双Boost单级AC-DC变换器工作在BCM模式下，为电磁式微型发电机提供仅与电感和导通时间相关的输入阻抗，当电磁式微型发电机的输出阻抗发生变化时，通过P&O控制模块控制导通时间使双Boost单级AC-DC变换器的等效输入阻抗自动跟踪电磁式微型发电机的输出阻抗从而实现MPPT。Through the constant on-time control of the COT control module, the dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter works in BCM mode, providing an input impedance only related to inductance and on-time for the electromagnetic micro-generator, when the electromagnetic micro-generator When the output impedance changes, the P&O control module controls the conduction time so that the equivalent input impedance of the dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter automatically tracks the output impedance of the electromagnetic micro-generator to realize MPPT.

可选地，包括以下步骤：Optionally, include the following steps:

分析交流输入下控制电路的时钟周期T_c与双Boost单级AC-DC变换器构成的系统的关系确定需要设计的参数；Analyze the relationship between the clock period T_c of the control circuit under AC input and the system composed of dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converters to determine the parameters that need to be designed;

根据源频率确定控制电路的交流源延时T_p和有源滤波器延时T_sf；Determine the AC source delay T_p and active filter delay T_sf of the control circuit according to the source frequency;

根据交流源延时T_p和有源滤波器延时T_sf预测一个P&O控模块中T触发器的时钟周期T_{c_est}值；Predict the clock period T_{c_est} value of the T flip-flop in a P&O control module according to the AC source delay T_p and the active filter delay T_sf ;

根据T_{c_est}和设定的每个周期的扰动变化量确定充放电时间常数τ；Determine the charge and discharge time constant τ according to T_{c_est} and the set disturbance variation of each cycle;

根据P&O控制模块中的充放电时间常数τ和比较器分辨率ΔV_Hys确定延时电路的延时T_d；Determine the delay T_d of the delay circuit according to the charge and discharge time constant τ and the comparator resolution ΔV_Hys in the P&O control module;

根据所述T_p、T_sf和T_d判断预测值T_{c_est}是否合理，若合理，预测值T_c＝T_{c_est}；若不满足，则需要重新预测T_c，直至合理。Judge whether the predicted value T_{c_est} is reasonable according to the T_p , T_sf and T_d , if it is reasonable, the predicted value T_c =T_{c_est} ; if not, it is necessary to re-predict T_c until it is reasonable.

可选地，根据所述T_p、T_sf和T_d判断预测值T_{c_est}是否合理包括：Optionally, judging whether the predicted value T_{c_est} is reasonable according to T_p , T_sf and T_d includes:

根据T_p、T_sf和T_d确定T_c的最小值T_cmin，同时根据MPPT精度要求确定T_c的最大值T_cmax；Determine the minimum value T_cmin of T_c according to T_p , T_sf and T_d , and determine the maximum value T_cmax of T_c according to the requirements of MPPT accuracy;

若T_{c_est}满足T_cmin≤T_{c_est}≤T_cmax，则T_{c_est}合理，预测值T_c＝T_{c_est}；若不满足，则需要重新预测T_c，直到满足T_cmin≤T_{c_est}≤T_cmax。If T_{c_est} satisfies T_cmin ≤_{T c_est} ≤ T_cmax , then T_{c_est} is reasonable, and the predicted value T_c = T_{c_est} ; if not, T_c needs to be re-predicted until T_cmin ≤ T_{c_est} ≤_{T cmax} is satisfied.

可选地，所述有源低通滤波器的截止频率至少为交流源频率的三分之一。Optionally, the cut-off frequency of the active low-pass filter is at least one-third of the AC source frequency.

可选地，一个P&O控模块中T触发器的时钟周期T_{c_est}内参考电压V_comp的变化为:Optionally, the variation of the reference voltage V_comp within the clock period_{Tc_est} of the T flip-flop in a P&O control module is:

充电期间的参考电压变化ΔV_{Ccomp_ch}：Reference voltage change ΔV_{Ccomp_ch} during charging:

放电期间的参考电压变化ΔV_{Ccomp_disch}：Reference voltage variation ΔV_{Ccomp_disch} during discharge:

上式中，V₁、V₂是每个时钟周期开始时V_comp的初值，R_ch、R_disch为充放电支路使用的充放电电阻，C_ton为充放电支路使用的电容。In the above formula, V₁ and V₂ are the initial values of V_comp at the beginning of each clock cycle, R_ch and R_disch are the charge and discharge resistors used in the charge and discharge branch, and C_ton is the capacitor used in the charge and discharge branch.

根据本发明实施例的另一方面，还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质包括存储的程序，其中，在所述程序运行时控制所述计算机可读存储介质所在设备执行上述任意一项所述的AC-DC变换器的控制电路的参数设计方法。According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program is running, the computer-readable storage medium is controlled The device executes the parameter design method of the control circuit of the AC-DC converter described in any one of the above.

根据本发明实施例的另一方面，还提供了一种处理器，所述处理器用于运行程序，其中，所述程序运行时执行上述任意一项所述的AC-DC变换器的控制电路的参数设计方法。According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a processor, the processor is used to run a program, wherein, when the program is running, it executes the control circuit of the AC-DC converter described in any one of the above Parametric Design Method.

与现有的技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

本发明实施例中，AC-DC变换器的控制电路包括相连接的COT控制模块和P&O控制模块，所述COT控制模块和P&O控制模块分别与双Boost单级AC-DC变换器连接；所述P&O控制模块用于获取实现MPPT所需要的导通时间，输入到COT控制模块并控制主电路工作在BCM模式下。AC-DC变换器的控制电路的参数设计方法通过COT控制模块恒定导通时间控制使双Boost单级AC-DC变换器工作在BCM模式下，为电磁式微型发电机提供仅与电感和导通时间相关的输入阻抗，当电磁式微型发电机的输出阻抗发生变化时，通过P&O控制模块控制导通时间使双Boost单级AC-DC变换器的等效输入阻抗自动跟踪电磁式微型发电机的输出阻抗从而实现MPPT。本发明方法采用结构简单、采用模拟器件实现、设计完整有效、易于启动等特点，双Boost单级AC-DC变换器工作在BCM模式下，能够提供恒定的阻抗匹配和更高的扰动精度，能够广泛应用在振动能量收集的场合，可大幅提高能量的传输效率。In the embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit of the AC-DC converter includes a connected COT control module and a P&O control module, and the COT control module and the P&O control module are respectively connected to the dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter; The P&O control module is used to obtain the conduction time required to realize MPPT, input it to the COT control module and control the main circuit to work in BCM mode. The parameter design method of the control circuit of the AC-DC converter uses the constant on-time control of the COT control module to make the dual-Boost single-stage AC-DC converter work in BCM mode, providing electromagnetic micro-generators with only inductance and conduction Time-dependent input impedance, when the output impedance of the electromagnetic micro-generator changes, the conduction time is controlled by the P&O control module so that the equivalent input impedance of the dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter automatically tracks the electromagnetic micro-generator output impedance thereby achieving MPPT. The method of the present invention adopts the characteristics of simple structure, implementation by analog devices, complete and effective design, and easy start-up. The dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter works in BCM mode, which can provide constant impedance matching and higher disturbance accuracy, and can It is widely used in the occasion of vibration energy collection, which can greatly improve the energy transmission efficiency.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一个实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来说，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only an embodiment of the present invention. Ordinary technicians can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without paying creative work.

图1是根据本发明实施例的AC-DC变换器的控制电路；Fig. 1 is the control circuit of the AC-DC converter according to the embodiment of the present invention;

图2是根据本发明实施例的P&O控制模块T_c过小时波形图；Fig. 2 is according to the embodiment of the present invention the P&O control module T_c is too small waveform diagram;

图3是根据本发明实施例的P&O控制模块T_c过大时波形图；Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram when the P&O control module T_c is too large according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图4是根据本发明实施例的P&O控制模块中各参数关系示意图；4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between parameters in the P&O control module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图5是根据本发明实施例的AC-DC变换器的控制电路的参数设计方法的流程图。FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a parameter design method of a control circuit of an AC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请保护的范围。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiment of the application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiment of the application. Obviously, the described embodiment is only It is an embodiment of a part of the application, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.

需要说明的是，本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本申请的实施例。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" in the description and claims of the present application and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, but not necessarily used to describe a specific sequence or sequence. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances for the embodiments of the application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having", as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a sequence of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to the expressly listed instead, may include other steps or elements not explicitly listed or inherent to the process, method, product or apparatus.

实施例1Example 1

本发明所提出的模拟P&O MPPT设计方法基于BCM双Boost单级AC-DC变换器。其等效输入阻抗R_{in_BCM}可以计算为：The analog P&O MPPT design method proposed by the present invention is based on the BCM dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter. Its equivalent input impedance R_{in_BCM} can be calculated as:

因此BCM模式下的Boost电路输入阻抗与输入电压V_i(t)或输出电压V_o都无关，只需要控制双Boost单级AC-DC变换器的开关的导通时间t_ON即可控制输入阻抗。Therefore, the input impedance of the Boost circuit in BCM mode has nothing to do with the input voltage V_i (t) or the output voltage V_o , only need to control the conduction time t_ON of the switch of the dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter to control the input impedance .

图1是根据本发明实施例的双Boost单级AC-DC变换器主电路和COT+P&O控制的扰动观察法MPPT的控制电路电路图，扰动观察法MPPT的控制电路包括相连接的COT控制模块和P&O控制模块，所述COT控制模块和P&O控制模块分别与双Boost单级AC-DC变换器连接；所述P&O控制模块用于获取实现MPPT所需要的导通时间，输入到COT控制模块并控制主电路工作在BCM模式下。Fig. 1 is the control circuit circuit diagram of the disturbance and observation method MPPT of double Boost single-stage AC-DC converter main circuit and COT+P&O control according to the embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit of disturbance and observation method MPPT comprises the COT control module that is connected and The P&O control module, the COT control module and the P&O control module are respectively connected with the dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter; the P&O control module is used to obtain the conduction time required to realize MPPT, input it to the COT control module and control The main circuit works in BCM mode.

具体的，控制电路通过恒定导通时间(COT)控制使其工作在BCM模式下，为电磁式微型发电机提供仅与电感和导通时间相关的输入阻抗，当电磁式微型发电机的输出阻抗发生变化时，通过P&O控制导通时间使双Boost单级AC-DC变换器的等效输入阻抗自动跟踪电磁式微型发电机的输出阻抗从而实现MPPT。Specifically, the control circuit operates in BCM mode through constant on-time (COT) control, providing the electromagnetic micro-generator with an input impedance that is only related to inductance and on-time, when the output impedance of the electromagnetic micro-generator When a change occurs, the equivalent input impedance of the dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter automatically tracks the output impedance of the electromagnetic micro-generator through P&O control of the conduction time to realize MPPT.

其中，电磁式微型发电机包括：弹簧、减震器、线圈和磁铁，外部施加的振动使得弹簧连接的磁铁产生位移，根据法拉第电磁感应定律，通过改变磁通量的大小，可以在线圈中产生感应电动势，从而为负载提供电能。Among them, the electromagnetic micro-generator includes: springs, shock absorbers, coils and magnets. Externally applied vibrations cause displacement of the magnets connected to the springs. According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, by changing the magnitude of the magnetic flux, an induced electromotive force can be generated in the coils. , thus providing power to the load.

双Boost单级AC-DC变换器包括：电感、功率晶体管、二级管、电容等器件，相当于由两个Boost电路分别处理正负半周的输入电压。Dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converters include: inductors, power transistors, diodes, capacitors and other devices, which is equivalent to two Boost circuits processing positive and negative half-cycle input voltages respectively.

继续参考图1，COT控制模块包括依次连接的电感电流采样模块、极性检测器、RS锁存器、PWM发生器模块，所述电感电流采样模块与双Boost单级AC-DC变换器连接。电感电流采样模块和极性检测器用于检测电感电流的过零点以产生功率晶体管的开通信号，PWM发生器通过输入的控制量信号产生功率晶体管的关断信号，开通和关断信号通过RS锁存器产生功率晶体管的控制信号。COT控制模块通过P&O控制模块输出的控制量信号V_comp，确定开关的导通时间并控制电路工作在BCM模式。Continuing to refer to FIG. 1 , the COT control module includes an inductor current sampling module, a polarity detector, an RS latch, and a PWM generator module connected in sequence, and the inductor current sampling module is connected to a dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter. The inductor current sampling module and polarity detector are used to detect the zero-crossing point of the inductor current to generate the turn-on signal of the power transistor. The PWM generator generates the turn-off signal of the power transistor through the input control signal, and the turn-on and turn-off signals are latched by RS The device generates the control signal of the power transistor. The COT control module determines the conduction time of the switch and controls the circuit to work in the BCM mode through the control signal V_comp output by the P&O control module.

P&O控制模块包括依次连接的同相放大器、有源低通滤波器、延时电路和充放电切换电路，所述同相放大器与双Boost单级AC-DC变换器连接，所述充放电切换电路与PWM发生器模块连接，通过电阻采样输出电流来反映输出功率的大小，采样信号经同相放大器放大，并经过有源低通滤波器滤波，将滤波后的信号经延时电路延时，再将延时信号和原信号比较得到输出功率的变化方向，再根据变化方向调整充放电来调整控制量的大小，以此改变导通时间来控制输入阻抗。The P&O control module includes sequentially connected non-inverting amplifiers, active low-pass filters, delay circuits, and charge-discharge switching circuits. The non-inverting amplifiers are connected to dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converters. The generator module is connected, and the output current is sampled through a resistor to reflect the size of the output power. The sampled signal is amplified by a non-inverting amplifier and filtered by an active low-pass filter. The filtered signal is delayed by a delay circuit, and then the delayed The signal is compared with the original signal to obtain the change direction of the output power, and then adjust the charge and discharge according to the change direction to adjust the size of the control amount, so as to change the conduction time to control the input impedance.

具体的，P&O控制模块通过R_sa采样输出电流I_sa来反映输出功率的大小，采样信号V_sa经同相放大器放大，并经过有源低通滤波器后得到表征输出电流大小的检测量V_sat。V_sat经RC延时电路得到延时T_d后的电压值V_sat’，其中T_d为延时电路的延迟时间。若V_sat<V_sat’，比较器U₃输出高电平，在T触发器Clock的下降沿时刻，使触发器的输出Q状态发生改变，切换电容C_ton的充放电状态，使控制量V_comp的变化趋势改变。若V_sat>V_sat’，U₃输出低电平，V_comp的变化趋势不变。V_comp最终会在MPP值(指实现MPPT时控制量的理论值)附近振荡，使得变换器输入阻抗在MPP值附近振荡，以此来跟踪最大功率。Specifically, the P&O control module samples the output current I_sa through R_sa to reflect the magnitude of the output power. The sampled signal V_sa is amplified by a non-inverting amplifier and passed through an active low-pass filter to obtain a detection value V_sat representing the magnitude of the output current. V_sat gets the voltage value V_sat ' after a delay of T_d through the RC delay circuit, where T_d is the delay time of the delay circuit. If V_sat <V_sat ', the comparator U₃ outputs a high level, and at the falling edge of the T flip-flop Clock, the state of the output Q of the flip-flop changes, switching the charge and discharge state of the capacitor C_ton , and making the control quantity V The change trend of_comp changes. If V_sat >V_sat ', U₃ outputs a low level, and the variation trend of V_comp remains unchanged. V_comp will eventually oscillate around the MPP value (referring to the theoretical value of the control quantity when MPPT is realized), so that the converter input impedance oscillates around the MPP value, so as to track the maximum power.

实施例2Example 2

根据本发明实施例，提供了一种AC-DC变换器的控制电路的参数设计方法的实施例，需要说明的是，在附图的流程图示出的步骤可以在诸如一组计算机可执行指令的计算机系统中执行，并且，虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of a parameter design method for a control circuit of an AC-DC converter is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flow chart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a set of computer-executable instructions such as and, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different from that shown or described herein.

由于单级AC-DC变换器的输入为交流，直流输出侧存在两倍源频率的纹波，且从扰动量变化到输出量变化存在与源周期相关的延时。当以输出量作为观察量时，需要对其进行源频率纹波的消除，否则会影响观察量变化趋势的判断。而滤波又会引入额外的延时,在模拟P&O控制系统的设计中需充分考虑。在保证MPPT逻辑正确性的前提下提升MPPT精度是模拟AC-DC P&O的主要难点。Since the input of the single-stage AC-DC converter is AC, there is a ripple of twice the source frequency on the DC output side, and there is a delay related to the source period from the change of the disturbance to the change of the output. When the output is used as the observation quantity, it is necessary to eliminate the source frequency ripple, otherwise it will affect the judgment of the change trend of the observation quantity. Filtering will introduce additional delay, which needs to be fully considered in the design of analog P&O control system. Improving MPPT accuracy on the premise of ensuring the correctness of MPPT logic is the main difficulty in simulating AC-DC P&O.

针对模拟P&O参数间的相互制约关系，并结合交流输入对于T_c的作用规律，本发明提出了变换器的扰动观察法MPPT控制的参数设计方法，该方法应用上述扰动观察法MPPT的控制电路，包括：通过COT控制模块恒定导通时间(COT)控制使双Boost单级AC-DC变换器工作在BCM模式下，为电磁式微型发电机提供仅与电感和导通时间相关的输入阻抗，当电磁式微型发电机的输出阻抗发生变化时，通过P&O控制模块控制导通时间使双Boost单级AC-DC变换器的等效输入阻抗自动跟踪电磁式微型发电机的输出阻抗从而实现MPPT。Aiming at simulating the mutual constraint relationship between P&O parameters, and combining the action rule of AC input on_Tc , the present invention proposes a parameter design method of the disturbance-and-observation method MPPT control of the converter, which applies the control circuit of the above-mentioned disturbance-and-observation method MPPT, Including: through the constant on-time (COT) control of the COT control module, the dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter works in BCM mode, providing an input impedance related only to the inductance and on-time for the electromagnetic micro generator, when When the output impedance of the electromagnetic micro-generator changes, the P&O control module controls the conduction time so that the equivalent input impedance of the dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converter automatically tracks the output impedance of the electromagnetic micro-generator to realize MPPT.

具体的，如图5是根据本发明实施例的一种AC-DC变换器的控制电路的参数设计方法的流程图，该参数设计方法具体包括以下步骤：Specifically, FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a parameter design method for a control circuit of an AC-DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention. The parameter design method specifically includes the following steps:

步骤S1、分析交流输入下控制电路的时钟周期T_c与双Boost单级AC-DC变换器构成的系统的关系确定需要设计的参数。Step S1 , analyzing the relationship between the clock period T_c of the control circuit under the AC input and the system formed by the dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converters to determine the parameters to be designed.

具体的，交流输入会在变换器的输出产生交流源两倍频的纹波，在P&O控制的控制电路中，导致控制逻辑的错误。因此，交流输入下P&O控制延时的设计需额外考虑两个方面：Specifically, the AC input will generate a ripple twice the frequency of the AC source on the output of the converter, which will lead to control logic errors in the control circuit controlled by the P&O. Therefore, the design of P&O control delay under AC input needs to consider two additional aspects:

1、扰动量t_ON的变化需要经过大于半个源周期的延时T_p才能使输出电流产生相应变化；1. The change of the disturbance amount t_ON needs to go through a delay T_p greater than half the source cycle to cause a corresponding change in the output current;

2、为消除两倍源频率纹波对输出电流变化趋势判断的影响，使用的低通滤波器所带来的延时T_sf。2. In order to eliminate the influence of twice the source frequency ripple on the judgment of the output current change trend, the time delay T_sf brought by the low-pass filter used.

由于P&O控制模块中T触发器的时钟周期T_c是决定系统MPPT逻辑正确性和MPPT精度的关键参数。下面将着重分析交流输入下P&O控制模块的电路时钟周期T_c与双Boost单级AC-DC变换器构成的系统固有延时设计的相互关系。如图2所示，t₀时刻之前，V_comp的趋势是靠近V_compm，其中V_compm是V_comp的理想MPP值。若判断正确，则V_T应为低电平，t₀时刻触发时V_comp应继续减小，带来V_sat继续增大。但由于时钟周期T_c过小，延时T_p和T_sf导致t₀-T_d时刻对应的V_sat0’仍处在下降趋势中，V_sat0与V_sat0’的比较结果不能正确反映t₀时刻V_sat的变化趋势，导致V_T为高电平，在t₀时刻本应继续减小的V_comp却增大了，出现了逻辑判断错误。若T_c选取偏大，如图3所示，MPPT逻辑正确性提高了，可以看到在稳态时V_T一直处于高电平，所以V_comp一直在V_compm附近振荡，但T_c偏大也导致了每个T_c周期V_comp的变化量过大，造成输入阻抗的波动范围大，MPPT精度降低。在单级AC-DC变换器中，从参考电压V_comp变化到检测量V_sat变化存在T_p+T_sf的延时。而为保证T触发器触发时MPPT逻辑正确，需要V_sat0和V_sat0’都处在触发时刻V_sat的同一单调变化趋势中，则要满足T_c≥T_p+T_sf+T_d。因此，T_c的合理设计需充分考虑三个延时单元的作用。Because the clock period_Tc of the T flip-flop in the P&O control module is a key parameter to determine the correctness of the system MPPT logic and the accuracy of MPPT. The following will focus on the analysis of the relationship between the circuit clock period T_c of the P&O control module under AC input and the inherent delay design of the system composed of dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converters. As shown in FIG. 2, before time t₀ , V_comp tends to be close to V_compm , where V_compm is the ideal MPP value of V_comp . If the judgment is correct, then V_T should be at low level, and V_comp should continue to decrease when triggered at time t₀ , resulting in continued increase of V_sat . However, because the clock cycle T_c is too small, the delay T_p and T_sf lead to the V_sat0 ' corresponding to the time t₀ -T_d is still in a downward trend, and the comparison between V_sat0 and V_sat0 ' cannot correctly reflect the time t₀ The changing trend of V_sat causes V_T to be at a high level, and V_comp , which should have continued to decrease at time t₀ , increases, and a logical judgment error occurs. If T_c is selected too large, as shown in Figure 3, the correctness of MPPT logic is improved. It can be seen that V_T is always at a high level in a steady state, so V_comp has been oscillating near V_compm , but T_c is too large It also leads to an excessive variation of V_comp in each_Tc period, resulting in a large fluctuation range of the input impedance and a decrease in MPPT accuracy. In a single-stage AC-DC converter, there is a time delay of T_p +T_sf from the change of the reference voltage V_comp to the change of the detection value V_sat . In order to ensure that the MPPT logic is correct when the T flip-flop is triggered, both V_sat0 and V_sat0 ' need to be in the same monotonous change trend of V_sat at the trigger time, and T_c ≥ T_p +T_sf +T_d must be satisfied. Therefore, the reasonable design of T_c needs to fully consider the effects of the three delay units.

P&O MPPT的性能包括MPPT逻辑正确性、MPPT精度和MPPT速度三个方面。MPPT逻辑正确性决定了控制系统能否跟踪到MPP值，MPPT精度决定了输出电流在MPP值附近的振荡范围，MPPT速度决定了系统到达稳态所需的时间。图4示出了AC-DC P&O MPPT控制系统中各个参数的相互关系及对性能的影响。T_p、T_sf由交流输入频率f_i决定。T_d由充放电时间常数τ和比较器分辨率共同决定，其中充放电时间常数τ由充放电电阻R_ch、R_disch和电容C_ton确定。T_p、T_sf和T_d共同决定了T_c的最小值T_cmin。充放电时间常数τ影响了系统的MPPT速度。而T_c和充放电时间常数τ又共同影响系统MPPT逻辑正确性和MPPT精度。The performance of P&O MPPT includes three aspects: MPPT logic correctness, MPPT precision and MPPT speed. The correctness of the MPPT logic determines whether the control system can track the MPP value, the MPPT accuracy determines the oscillation range of the output current around the MPP value, and the MPPT speed determines the time required for the system to reach a steady state. Figure 4 shows the relationship between various parameters in the AC-DC P&O MPPT control system and their impact on performance. T_p and T_sf are determined by the AC input frequency f_i . T_d is jointly determined by the charge and discharge time constant τ and the resolution of the comparator, where the charge and discharge time constant τ is determined by the charge and discharge resistors R_ch , R_disch and capacitor C_ton . T_p , T_sf and T_d jointly determine the minimum value of T_c T_cmin . The charge and discharge time constant τ affects the MPPT speed of the system. And T_c and charging and discharging time constant τ jointly affect the logical correctness and MPPT precision of the system MPPT.

步骤S2、根据源频率确定控制电路的交流源延时T_p和有源滤波器延时T_sf。Step S2, determining the AC source delay T_p and the active filter delay T_sf of the control circuit according to the source frequency.

具体的，根据交流源频率f_i，确定导通时间变化到输出功率变化的延迟T_p为：Specifically, according to the frequency f_i of the AC source, the delay T_p from the change of the conduction time to the change of the output power is determined as:

为了滤除输出电流中两倍源频率的纹波，设定有源低通滤波器的截止频率至少为三分之一源频率，则有源低通滤波器的延迟T_sf为:In order to filter the ripple of twice the source frequency in the output current, the cut-off frequency of the active low-pass filter is set to be at least one third of the source frequency, then the delay T_sf of the active low-pass filter is:

步骤S3、根据交流源延时T_p和有源滤波器延时T_sf预测一个P&O控模块中T触发器的时钟周期T_{c_est}值。Step S3. Predict the clock period T_{c_est} of the T flip-flop in a P&O control module according to the AC source delay T_p and the active filter delay T_sf .

具体的，首先采用预测和校正结合的方式根据时钟周期和充放电速度确定充放电电阻及电容。假设时钟周期为T_{c_est}＝k(T_p+T_sf)，其中k为大于1的数。在一个时钟周期内，参考电压V_comp为：Specifically, the charging and discharging resistance and capacitance are firstly determined according to the clock cycle and the charging and discharging speed by combining prediction and correction. Assume that the clock period is T_{c — est} =k(T_p +T_sf ), where k is a number greater than 1. In one clock cycle, the reference voltage V_comp is:

充电期间的参考电压V_comp(t)：Reference voltage V_comp (t) during charging:

放电期间的参考电压V_comp：Reference voltage V_comp during discharge:

上式中，V₁和V₂是每个时钟周期开始时V_comp的初值，E为充电电压，R_ch、R_disch为充放电支路使用的充放电电阻，C_ton为充放电支路使用的电容In the above formula, V₁ and V₂ are the initial value of V_comp at the beginning of each clock cycle, E is the charging voltage, R_ch and R_disch are the charge and discharge resistors used in the charge and discharge branch, and C_ton is the charge and discharge branch capacitor used

对充放电电压进行求导可得到电压变化率表达式：The expression of the voltage change rate can be obtained by deriving the charging and discharging voltage:

充电期间的电压变化率：Rate of voltage change during charging:

放电期间的电压变化率：Rate of voltage change during discharge:

充电和放电速率的选择应确保t_ON每个时钟周期变化5％-10％，所以V_comp从t＝0到t＝T_{c_est}的变化范围很小。V_comp可以用t＝0时的斜率线性化，这样可以在不牺牲精度的情况下简化计算，如下所示：The charge and discharge rates are chosen such that t_ON varies by 5%-10% per clock cycle, so V_comp varies very little from t = 0 to t = T_{c_est} . V_comp can be linearized with the slope at t = 0, which simplifies calculations without sacrificing accuracy, as follows:

充电期间：During charging:

放电期间：During discharge:

由此可得一个时钟周期T_{c_est}内V_comp的变化为:From this, it can be obtained that the change of V_comp within a clock cycle T_{c_est} is:

充电期间：During charging:

放电期间：During discharge:

通常选择数百千欧姆的电阻来限制损耗，可先确定一个合理的R_disch的值，根据式(11)可得到C_ton的范围。再根据式(10)，确定R_ch的范围，最后在合理的范围内选取C_ton和R_ch的值。Usually a resistance of several hundred thousand ohms is selected to limit the loss. A reasonable value of_Rdisch can be determined first, and the range of_Cton can be obtained according to formula (11). Then according to formula (10), determine the range of R_ch , and finally select the values of C_ton and R_ch within a reasonable range.

步骤S4、根据T_{c_est}和设定的每个周期的扰动变化量确定充放电时间常数τ；Step S4, determining the charging and discharging time constant τ according to T_{c_est} and the set disturbance variation of each cycle;

步骤S5、根据P&O控制模块中的充放电时间常数τ和比较器分辨率ΔV_Hys确定延时电路的延时T_d。Step S5, determining the time delay T_d of the delay circuit according to the charge and discharge time constant τ in the P&O control module and the comparator resolution ΔV_Hys .

具体的，其次设计延迟电路。延迟电路应保证在T_d延时内因扰动量的变化所引起的观察量的变化可以被准确识别。因此，在满足比较器分辨率的前提下，应尽量选择较小的值，以实现更高的MPPT精度。经过延迟T_d后参考电压V_comp的变化量ΔV_comp为：Specifically, secondly, a delay circuit is designed. The delay circuit should ensure that the change of the observed quantity caused by the change of the disturbance quantity within the time delay of_Td can be accurately identified. Therefore, under the premise of satisfying the resolution of the comparator, a smaller value should be selected as much as possible to achieve higher MPPT accuracy. The variation ΔV_comp of the reference voltage V_comp after a delay T_d is:

由于t_ON与V_comp满足：

其中C_T为PWM发生器中的充电电容，I_c为恒流源的电流值，ΔV_comp引起的扰动量(导通时间)的变化Δt_ON可表示为：Since t_ON and V_comp satisfy:

Where C_T is the charging capacitor in the PWM generator, I_c is the current value of the constant current source, and the change Δt_ON of the disturbance (on-time) caused by ΔV_comp can be expressed as:

由于变换器的输入阻抗R_in与t_ON的关系满足

则经过T_d延时后的输入阻抗R_in’变为：Since the relationship between the input impedance R_in and t_ON of the converter satisfies

Then the input impedance R_in ' after T_d delay becomes:

假设变换器效率为η₂，采样变换器的输出电流I_out作为观察量，可表示为：Assuming that the efficiency of the converter is η₂ , the output current I_out of the sampling converter is taken as an observation quantity, which can be expressed as:

其中P_out为输出功率，V_p为输入源的峰值，R_EH为源内阻，R_Load为变换器的负载电阻。下面计算T_d延时内参考电压V_comp的变化引起的检测量V_sat的变化。假设同相放大器的放大比例为K_op，则经放大滤波后的检测量V_sat为：Among them, P_out is the output power, V_p is the peak value of the input source, R_EH is the internal resistance of the source, and R_Load is the load resistance of the converter. Next, the change of the detected quantity V_sat caused by the change of the reference voltage V_comp within the time delay of T_d is calculated. Assuming that the amplification ratio of the non-inverting amplifier is K_op , the detection value V_sat after amplification and filtering is:

经过一个T_d后检测量V_sat的变化量ΔV_sat为：After a T_d, the variation ΔV_sat of the detected quantity V_sat is:

若比较器的分辨率为V_Hys，则应满足ΔV_sat≥V_Hys，联立式(12)-(14)、(17)，可得到合理的T_d值。If the resolution of the comparator is V_Hys , it should satisfy ΔV_sat ≥ V_Hys , and the simultaneous equations (12)-(14), (17) can get a reasonable T_d value.

步骤S6、根据所述T_p、T_sf和T_d判断预测值T_{c_est}是否合理，若合理，预测值T_c＝T_{c_est}；若不满足，则需要重新预测T_c，直至合理。Step S6 , judge whether the predicted value T_{c_est} is reasonable according to the T_p , T_sf and T_d , if it is reasonable, the predicted value T_c =T_{c_est} ; if not, it is necessary to re-predict T_c until it is reasonable.

其中，根据所述T_p、T_sf和T_d判断预测值T_{c_est}是否合理包括：Wherein, judging whether the predicted value T_{c_est} is reasonable according to the T_p , T_sf and T_d includes:

根据T_p、T_sf和T_d确定T_c的最小值T_cmin，同时根据MPPT精度要求确定T_c的最大值T_cmax；Determine the minimum value T_cmin of T_c according to T_p , T_sf and T_d , and determine the maximum value T_cmax of T_c according to the requirements of MPPT accuracy;

若T_{c_est}满足T_cmin≤T_{c_est}≤T_cmax，则T_{c_est}合理，预测值T_c＝T_{c_est}；若不满足，则需要重新预测T_c，直到满足T_cmin≤T_cest≤T_cmax。If T_{c_est} satisfies T_cmin ≤_{T c_est} ≤ T_cmax , then T_{c_est} is reasonable, and the predicted value T_c = T_{c_est} ; if not, T_c needs to be re-predicted until T_cmin ≤ T_cest ≤ T_cmax is satisfied.

具体的，根据T_p、T_sf和T_d，可得到T_c的最小值为：Specifically, according to T_p , T_sf and T_d , the minimum value of T_c can be obtained as:

T_cmin＝T_v+T_sf+T_d (18)T_cmin =T_v +T_sf +T_d (18)

另一方面，T_c的最大值可由MPPT精度的指标确定，假设MPPT精度为α，要保证充放电都满足MPPT精度要求，因此取两者中较小的T_c值：On the other hand, the maximum value of T_c can be determined by the index of MPPT accuracy. Assuming that the MPPT accuracy is α, it is necessary to ensure that both charge and discharge meet the requirements of MPPT accuracy, so take the smaller T_c value of the two:

则最终T_c值的范围为：Then the range of the final_Tc value is:

T_cmin≤T_c≤T_cmax (20)_Tcmin ≤_Tc ≤_Tcmax (20)

若前面假设的T_{c_est}满足T_cmin≤T_cest≤T_cmax，则取T_c＝T_cest。若不满足，则调整k值重新预测T_{c_est}循环计算。If the previously assumed T_{c_est} satisfies T_cmin ≤ T_cest ≤ T_cmax , then take T_c =T_cest . If it is not satisfied, adjust the k value and re-predict T_{c_est} cycle calculation.

综上所述，本发明是针对电磁式振动能量收集中单级AC-DC变换器的高精度低功耗MPPT参数优化方法。本发明所提出的扰动观察法最大功率跟踪控制方案具有结构简单、采用模拟器件实现、设计完整有效、易于启动等特点，因此可以广泛应用在振动能量收集的场合，可大幅提高能量的传输效率。In summary, the present invention is a high-precision and low-power MPPT parameter optimization method for single-stage AC-DC converters in electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting. The maximum power tracking control scheme of the disturbance and observation method proposed by the present invention has the characteristics of simple structure, implementation by analog devices, complete and effective design, and easy start-up. Therefore, it can be widely used in vibration energy collection occasions, and can greatly improve energy transmission efficiency.

本发明不局限于以上的具体实施方式，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施案例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The present invention is not limited to the above specific implementation manners, the above are only preferred implementation examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention , should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

实施例3Example 3

根据本发明实施例的另一方面，还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质包括存储的程序，其中，在程序运行时控制计算机可读存储介质所在设备执行上述中任意一项的AC-DC变换器的控制电路的参数设计方法。According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein, when the program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute any of the above-mentioned A parameter design method of the control circuit of the AC-DC converter.

可选地，在本实施例中，上述计算机可读存储介质可以位于计算机网络中计算机终端群中的任意一个计算机终端中，或者位于移动终端群中的任意一个移动终端中，上述计算机可读存储介质包括存储的程序。Optionally, in this embodiment, the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium may be located in any computer terminal in the computer terminal group in the computer network, or in any mobile terminal in the mobile terminal group, and the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium The media includes stored programs.

可选地，在程序运行时控制计算机可读存储介质所在设备执行以下功能：分析交流输入下控制电路的时钟周期T_c与双Boost单级AC-DC变换器构成的系统的关系确定需要设计的参数；根据源频率确定控制电路的交流源延时T_p和有源滤波器延时T_sf；根据交流源延时T_p和有源滤波器延时T_sf预测一个P&O控模块中T触发器的时钟周期T_{c_est}值；根据T_{c_est}和设定的每个周期的扰动变化量确定充放电时间常数τ；根据P&O控制模块中的充放电时间常数τ和比较器分辨率ΔV_Hys确定延时电路的延时T_d；根据所述T_p、T_sf和T_d判断预测值T_{c_est}是否合理，若合理，预测值T_c＝T_{c_est}；若不满足，则需要重新预测T_c，直至合理。Optionally, when the program is running, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to perform the following functions: analyze the relationship between the clock period_Tc of the control circuit under the AC input and the system composed of dual Boost single-stage AC-DC converters, and determine the need to design parameters; determine the AC source delay T_p and active filter delay T_sf of the control circuit according to the source frequency; predict the T flip-flop in a P&O control module according to the AC source delay T_p and active filter delay T_sf The value of the clock cycle T_{c_est} ; determine the charge and discharge time constant τ according to T_{c_est} and the set disturbance variation of each cycle; determine the delay circuit according to the charge and discharge time constant τ in the P&O control module and the comparator resolution ΔV_Hys Delay T_d ; according to the T_p , T_sf and T_d to judge whether the predicted value T_{c_est} is reasonable, if reasonable, the predicted value T_c = T_{c_est} ; if not, it is necessary to re-predict T_c until it is reasonable.

实施例4Example 4

根据本发明实施例的另一方面，还提供了一种处理器，该处理器用于运行程序，其中，程序运行时执行上述中任意一项的AC-DC变换器的控制电路的参数设计方法。According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a processor, the processor is used to run a program, wherein, when the program is running, any one of the above-mentioned parameter design methods for the control circuit of the AC-DC converter is executed.

本发明实施例提供了一种设备，该设备包括处理器、存储器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的程序，处理器执行程序时实现AC-DC变换器的控制电路的参数设计方法的步骤。An embodiment of the present invention provides a device, the device includes a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and operable on the processor, when the processor executes the program, the parameter design method of the control circuit of the AC-DC converter is realized A step of.

上述本发明实施例序号仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for description only, and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.

在本发明的上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。In the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphases, and for parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的技术内容，可通过其它的方式实现。其中，以上所描述的系统实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如所述单元的划分，可以为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，单元或模块的间接耦合或通信连接可以是电性或其它的形式。In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be realized in other ways. Wherein, the above-described system embodiments are only illustrative. For example, the division of the units can be a logical function division. In actual implementation, there can be another division method. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or can be Integrate into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented. In another point, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of units or modules may be in electrical or other forms.

所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可为个人计算机、服务器或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、只读存储器(ROM,Read-0nlyMemory)、随机存取存储器(RAM,RandomAccessMemory)、移动硬盘、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。If the integrated unit is realized in the form of a software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the essence of the technical solution of the present invention or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium , including several instructions to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-OnlyMemory), random access memory (RAM, RandomAccessMemory), mobile hard disk, magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The control circuit of the AC-DC converter is characterized by comprising a COT control module and a P & O control module which are connected, wherein the COT control module and the P & O control module are respectively connected with the double Boost single-stage AC-DC converter; the P & O control module is used for acquiring the conduction time required by MPPT, inputting the conduction time into the COT control module and controlling the main circuit to work in a BCM mode.

2. The control circuit of an AC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the COT control module comprises an inductor current sampling module, a polarity detector, an RS latch, and a PWM generator module connected in sequence, the inductor current sampling module being connected to a double Boost single stage AC-DC converter.

3. The control circuit of an AC-DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the P & O control module comprises an in-phase amplifier, an active low-pass filter, a delay circuit and a charge-discharge switching circuit connected in sequence, the in-phase amplifier being connected with a double Boost single-stage AC-DC converter, and the charge-discharge switching circuit being connected with a PWM generator module.

4. A parameter design method of a control circuit of an AC-DC converter, applying the control circuit of an AC-DC converter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising:

the COT control module controls the constant on-time to enable the double Boost single-stage AC-DC converter to work in a BCM mode, input impedance which is only related to inductance and on-time is provided for the electromagnetic micro-generator, and when the output impedance of the electromagnetic micro-generator changes, the P & O control module controls the on-time to enable the equivalent input impedance of the double Boost single-stage AC-DC converter to automatically track the output impedance of the electromagnetic micro-generator, so that MPPT is realized.

5. The parameter design method of the control circuit of the AC-DC converter according to claim 4, comprising the steps of:

analyzing clock period T of control circuit under alternating current input_c The relation between the two Boost single-stage AC-DC converters and the system formed by the two Boost single-stage AC-DC converters determines parameters to be designed;

determining an ac source delay T of a control circuit from a source frequency_p And active filter delay T_sf ；

According to the delay T of the alternating current source_p And active filter delay T_sf Predicting a P&Clock period T of T trigger in O control module_{c_est} A value;

according to T_{c_est} And determining a charge-discharge time constant tau by the set disturbance variable quantity of each period;

according to P&Charge-discharge time constant τ and comparator resolution Δv in O control module_Hys Determining the delay T of a delay circuit_d ；

According to said T_p 、T_sf And T_d Judging the predicted value T_{c_est} Whether or not it is reasonable, if so, the predicted value T_c ＝T_{c_est} The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If not, it is necessary to re-predict T_c Until reasonable.

6. The parameter design method of the control circuit of the AC-DC converter of claim 5, wherein said T is based on_p 、T_sf And T_d Judging the predicted value T_{c_est} Whether it is reasonable includes:

according to T_p 、T_sf And T_d Determining T_c Is the minimum value T of (2)_cmin At the same time, determining T according to MPPT precision requirements_c Maximum value T of (2)_cmax ；

If T_{c_est} Satisfy T_cmin ≤T_{c_est} ≤T_cmax T is then_{c_est} Reasonable, predictive value T_c ＝T_{c_est} The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If not, it is necessary to re-predict T_c Until T is satisfied_cmin ≤T_{c_est} ≤T_cmax 。

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the cut-off frequency of the active low-pass filter is at least one third of the AC source frequency.

8. The method for parameter design of control circuit of AC-DC converter of claim 5, wherein one P&Clock period T of T trigger in O control module_{c_est} Internal reference voltage V_comp The variation of (2) is:

reference voltage variation DeltaV during charging_{Ccomp_ch} ：

Reference voltage variation DeltaV during discharge_{Ccomp_disch} ：

In the above, V₁ 、V₂ Is in charge-discharge periodA set voltage reference threshold R_ch 、R_disch Charging and discharging resistor used for charging and discharging branch circuit C_ton And a capacitor used for charging and discharging the branch circuit.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium comprises a stored program, wherein the program, when run, controls a device in which the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform a method of designing parameters of a control circuit of an AC-DC converter of the converter according to any one of claims 4 to 8.

10. A processor for running a program, wherein the program when run performs the method of parameter design of the control circuit of the AC-DC converter of the converter of any one of claims 4 to 8.

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