技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及建筑工程施工质量管理领域，更具体地说，涉及一种基于数字孪生的信息管理系统与构建方法。The present invention relates to the field of construction quality management of building projects, and more specifically, to an information management system and construction method based on digital twins.
背景技术Background Art
“数字孪生”的概念最初是在2003年，作为产品全生命周期管理的一部分提出，并在近些年应用于建筑领域。在航空领域，它被定义为“结构生命预测和管理的逆向建模”。从目前的研究来看，数字孪生主要包括物理实体，虚拟模型，数据三个部分。它可以被描述为通过物理实体获取的数据信息来构建虚拟模型，并通过虚拟模型输出的数据信息影响物理实体的运作。数据连接了物理实体和虚拟模型，从而形成一个闭环系统。在房建工程领域，从物理实体获取的数据既包括三维激光扫描仪获取的建筑点云数据，又可以包括各类传感器获取的结构监测数据，而构建的虚拟模型既包括由点云数据逆向建模获得的虚拟模型，又包括各类质量数据形成的质量监测模型，通过虚拟模型输出的数据信息可用于指导房建工程施工、管理等各项活动。The concept of "digital twin" was first proposed in 2003 as part of product life cycle management, and has been applied to the construction field in recent years. In the aviation field, it is defined as "reverse modeling of structural life prediction and management". From the current research, digital twins mainly include three parts: physical entities, virtual models, and data. It can be described as building virtual models through data information obtained from physical entities, and affecting the operation of physical entities through data information output by virtual models. Data connects physical entities and virtual models to form a closed-loop system. In the field of building construction, the data obtained from physical entities includes both building point cloud data obtained by 3D laser scanners and structural monitoring data obtained by various sensors. The constructed virtual model includes both the virtual model obtained by reverse modeling of point cloud data and the quality monitoring model formed by various quality data. The data information output by the virtual model can be used to guide various activities such as construction and management of building construction projects.
BIM(Building Information Modeling，建筑信息模型)最早于2002年由Autodesk公司提出，它可以将建筑全生命周期中的质量、进度等各类信息集成于一个三维模型数据库中，其核心是构建虚拟的建筑工程三维模型。通过三维可视化模型，BIM可以辅助建筑的设计、施工、运行等活动。而基于BIM，建筑施工活动的参与人员也可以实现协同工作，提高工作效率。目前，BIM已在我国被广泛推广，并应用至轨道交通工程、房建市政工程等各个领域。BIM (Building Information Modeling) was first proposed by Autodesk in 2002. It can integrate various types of information such as quality and progress throughout the life cycle of a building into a three-dimensional model database. Its core is to build a virtual three-dimensional model of a building project. Through a three-dimensional visualization model, BIM can assist in the design, construction, and operation of a building. Based on BIM, participants in construction activities can also work together to improve work efficiency. At present, BIM has been widely promoted in my country and applied to various fields such as rail transit projects, housing construction and municipal engineering.
BIM的应用是“数字孪生”理念在建筑领域应用的重要体现，例如，利用三维激光扫描逆向建模获得的As-built BIM模型(竣工BIM模型)与Designed BIM模型(设计BIM)的对比，可获得建筑的质量偏差信息；通过将现场的进度信息关联到BIM平台上，管理人员可以获得施工进度的形象化表达，并做出对应举措。The application of BIM is an important manifestation of the application of the "digital twin" concept in the field of construction. For example, by comparing the As-built BIM model (completed BIM model) obtained by 3D laser scanning reverse modeling with the Designed BIM model (design BIM), the quality deviation information of the building can be obtained; by associating the on-site progress information with the BIM platform, managers can obtain a visual expression of the construction progress and make corresponding measures.
在实际建筑施工过程中，会产生大量施工质量数据，并且包括表格、图片等多种形式。目前已有方法将这些质量数据信息与BIM平台进行关联，或者是将质量问题关联到对应的CAD设计图纸中，以实现对建筑工程质量的有效管理。但是，实际生产活动中，施工单位会根据预先设置的分区分段工程进行施工，这样能够保证施工单位对施工活动的有效管理。具体的，在建筑行业、房建领域、结构专业，因设计阶段向施工阶段过渡，需要对设计院或类似角色出的BIM模型(Revit格式)做深化设计，交给施工单位或类似角色，形成施工方的BIM模型。具体是将BIM模型中的构件(梁、板、柱、墙)按照施工的分区分段(区、段是层次化的水平空间划分，区大于段，1-3一般表示第1区第3段)，按一定规则进行切割、归属到分区分段。目前的质量数据信息还无法准确与细分的分区分段部分匹配。In the actual construction process, a large amount of construction quality data will be generated, including tables, pictures and other forms. At present, there are methods to associate these quality data information with the BIM platform, or to associate quality problems with the corresponding CAD design drawings to achieve effective management of the quality of construction projects. However, in actual production activities, construction units will carry out construction according to the pre-set zoning and segmentation projects, which can ensure the effective management of construction activities by construction units. Specifically, in the construction industry, housing construction field, and structural profession, due to the transition from the design stage to the construction stage, it is necessary to deepen the design of the BIM model (Revit format) produced by the design institute or similar roles, and hand it over to the construction unit or similar roles to form the BIM model of the construction party. Specifically, the components (beams, plates, columns, walls) in the BIM model are cut and attributed to the zoning and segmentation according to certain rules according to the zoning and segmentation of construction (zoning and segment are hierarchical horizontal space divisions, zoning is larger than segmenting, and 1-3 generally represents the 3rd segment of the 1st zone). The current quality data information cannot accurately match the subdivided zoning and segmentation parts.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种基于数字孪生的信息管理系统与构建方法，其能够实现对建筑BIM模型的分区分段分割，符合工程实际，且能够实现施工现场海量异构的质量数据与BIM模型中分区分段部分的准确关联。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an information management system and construction method based on digital twins, which can realize the zoning and segmentation of the building BIM model, conform to the actual engineering practice, and can realize the accurate association between the massive heterogeneous quality data at the construction site and the zoning and segmentation parts in the BIM model.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：构造一种基于数字孪生的信息管理系统，其特征在于，包括BIM模型分割模块、质量数据采集模块和数据关联模块；The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: constructing an information management system based on digital twins, characterized in that it includes a BIM model segmentation module, a quality data acquisition module and a data association module;
所述BIM模型分割模块利用BIM分割方案，实现建筑BIM模型上分区、分层、分段的分割，而区、层、段信息作为属性填入BIM构件中，并将输出楼栋、区、层、段、构件工程分解结构信息，同时支持下放测量工作包以及上传至BIM轻量化平台；The BIM model segmentation module uses the BIM segmentation scheme to achieve the segmentation of the building BIM model into zones, layers and sections, and the zone, layer and section information is filled into the BIM component as attributes, and the building, zone, layer, section and component engineering decomposition structure information is output, and the measurement work package is supported to be delegated and uploaded to the BIM lightweight platform;
所述质量数据采集模块用于指导实现对现场数据的采集工作，所述质量数据采集模块包括测量工作包、测量操作项、测量登记项和测量汇总包，并输出质量信息数据；The quality data acquisition module is used to guide the collection of field data. The quality data acquisition module includes a measurement work package, a measurement operation item, a measurement registration item and a measurement summary package, and outputs quality information data;
所述数据关联模块基于WBS编码规则组织测量数据信息，实现采集的质量数据信息与对应的BIM轻量化模型中楼栋、区、层、段构件关联。The data association module organizes the measurement data information based on the WBS coding rules, and associates the collected quality data information with the corresponding building, area, floor, and section components in the BIM lightweight model.
按上述方案，所述BIM分割方案为对BIM模型中楼板、梁、柱、墙进行切割和或归属到分区、分段的方案，所述BIM分割方案为符合规范的CAD文件，所述CAD文件定义每个分区、分段、楼层对楼板、梁、柱、墙的切割方式。According to the above scheme, the BIM segmentation scheme is a scheme for cutting and/or assigning floors, beams, columns, and walls in the BIM model to partitions and sections. The BIM segmentation scheme is a CAD file that complies with the specifications. The CAD file defines the cutting method of floors, beams, columns, and walls for each partition, section, and floor.
按上述方案，所述分区、分段为混凝土结构工程中，对建筑模型在水平方向上进行划分，一个水平的楼层划分为多个分区，一个分区进一步划分为多个分段；即一级划分单位为分区，二级划分单位为分段。According to the above scheme, the partitions and segments are to divide the building model in the horizontal direction in the concrete structure project, a horizontal floor is divided into multiple partitions, and a partition is further divided into multiple segments; that is, the first-level division unit is the partition, and the second-level division unit is the segment.
按上述方案，所述BIM构件为梁、板、柱、墙，所述BIM分割为对梁、板、柱、墙的分割和划分；所述楼栋、区、层、段、构件工程分解结构信息为经过分割后对BIM构件进行识别的编码方案；所述下放的测量工作包用以支持质量数据采集计划，包含不同楼栋、区、层、段、构件的测量任务；所述BIM轻量化平台为经过分割、处理后的BIM轻量化模型上传至WEB端，进行轻量化展示。According to the above scheme, the BIM components are beams, slabs, columns and walls, and the BIM segmentation is the segmentation and division of beams, slabs, columns and walls; the engineering decomposition structure information of buildings, areas, floors, sections and components is a coding scheme for identifying BIM components after segmentation; the decentralized measurement work package is used to support the quality data collection plan, including measurement tasks of different buildings, areas, floors, sections and components; the BIM lightweight platform is to upload the segmented and processed BIM lightweight model to the WEB for lightweight display.
按上述方案，所述测量工作包作为工作组织的层级，多个相依赖或者无依赖的测量任务构成一个工作包；所述测量操作项为操作一次测量设备，记录一个或一组值，对应的活动或任务的等级、所得结果的等级；所述测量登记项为上报到系统中的数据，忽略具体的测量设备和手段，独立设置设计值，设置容许的误差范围的测量指标，对应的行为或结果的等级；所述测量汇总包为汇报单位，即获得对区、层、段、房间、构件质量的评价。According to the above scheme, the measurement work package serves as the level of work organization, and multiple dependent or independent measurement tasks constitute a work package; the measurement operation item is to operate a measuring device once, record one or a group of values, and the corresponding level of activity or task and the level of the result obtained; the measurement registration item is the data reported to the system, ignoring the specific measuring equipment and means, independently setting the design value, setting the measurement index of the allowable error range, and the corresponding level of behavior or result; the measurement summary package is the reporting unit, that is, to obtain the evaluation of the quality of the area, layer, section, room, and component.
按上述方案，所述WBS编码规则为工作分解结构的编码规则，所述工作分解结构按照楼栋、区、层、段、构件进行分解，对构件进行编码；所述质量数据信息为通过质量数据采集模块获取的构件质量评价，按照WBS编码规则组织，对质量数据采集位置的信息进行编码，以实现质量数据信息与对应构件的关联。According to the above scheme, the WBS coding rules are the coding rules of the work breakdown structure, and the work breakdown structure is decomposed according to buildings, areas, floors, sections, and components, and the components are encoded; the quality data information is the component quality evaluation obtained by the quality data acquisition module, which is organized according to the WBS coding rules, and the information of the quality data collection location is encoded to achieve the association between the quality data information and the corresponding components.
本发明人还提供一种基于数字孪生的信息管理系统的构建方法，包括以下步骤：The inventors also provide a method for constructing an information management system based on digital twins, comprising the following steps:
S1、按照分区、分层、分段施工计划制定BIM模型的切割方案；S1. Develop a cutting plan for the BIM model according to the zoning, layering and segmentation construction plan;
S2、对BIM模型分割方案进行修正；S2. Modify the BIM model segmentation scheme;
S3、按照建筑的BIM模型切割方案对建筑的BIM模型进行切割；S3. Cut the BIM model of the building according to the BIM model cutting plan of the building;
S4、将分割后的BIM模型上传至WEB端进行BIM模型轻量化；S4, uploading the segmented BIM model to the WEB end to perform BIM model lightweighting;
S5、按照质量检测任务下放测量工作包；S5. Decentralize measurement work packages according to quality inspection tasks;
S6、基于WBS编码规则，将质量数据信息在WEB端与BIM轻量化模型进行关联。S6. Based on the WBS coding rules, the quality data information is associated with the BIM lightweight model on the WEB side.
按上述方案，所述步骤S1包括以下步骤：According to the above scheme, step S1 includes the following steps:
S101、确定施工分区分段方案，制定.dwg格式的BIM分割方案；S101. Determine the construction zoning and segmentation plan and formulate the BIM segmentation plan in .dwg format;
S102、确保文件坐标与revit模型位置保持一致；S102. Ensure that the file coordinates are consistent with the Revit model position;
S103、对切割方案进行命名，包含切割方案影响的楼层信息。S103: Name the cutting scheme, including the floor information affected by the cutting scheme.
按上述方案，所述步骤S2中，对BIM分割方案制定过程中，人为因素造成的物种缺陷进行校正；所述步骤S3中，按照建筑的BIM模型切割方案对建筑的BIM模型进行切割，包括墙分割，梁分割，楼板分割和柱的区段划分；所述步骤S4中，将分割后的BIM模型上传至WEB端的轻量化平台上。According to the above scheme, in step S2, the species defects caused by human factors in the process of formulating the BIM segmentation scheme are corrected; in step S3, the BIM model of the building is cut according to the BIM model cutting scheme of the building, including wall segmentation, beam segmentation, floor segmentation and column segmentation; in step S4, the segmented BIM model is uploaded to the lightweight platform on the WEB side.
按上述方案，所述步骤S5中，按照质量检测任务下放测量工作包为指按照分区分段施工计划，下发通过楼栋、层、区、段、构件WBS编码组织的质量检测任务，包括以下步骤：According to the above scheme, in step S5, delegating the measurement work package according to the quality inspection task means issuing the quality inspection task organized by the WBS coding of building, layer, zone, section and component according to the zoning and segmenting construction plan, including the following steps:
S501、按照测量工作包进行测量计划，安排测量操作项；S501. Carry out measurement plan according to the measurement work package and arrange measurement operation items;
S502、测量结果登记，填报测量登记项；S502, register the measurement results and fill in the measurement registration items;
S503、质量判定，获取测量汇总包。S503: Quality determination, obtaining a measurement summary package.
按上述方案，所述步骤S6中，基于WBS编码规则为将步骤S5获取的测量汇总包与对应的WBS元素进行关联。According to the above solution, in step S6, the measurement summary package obtained in step S5 is associated with the corresponding WBS element based on the WBS coding rule.
实施本发明的基于数字孪生的信息管理系统与构建方法，具有以下有益效果：The implementation of the digital twin-based information management system and construction method of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明基于BIM模型切割和WBS编码规则，针对施工现场海量的多源异构数据，有效解决施工现场数据碎片化的问题，实现现场采集的质量数据与对应BIM施工区段的关联，预期能够高效地管理现场施工质量数据，提高质量管理水平；1. Based on BIM model cutting and WBS coding rules, the present invention effectively solves the problem of data fragmentation at the construction site for the massive multi-source heterogeneous data at the construction site, realizes the association between the quality data collected on site and the corresponding BIM construction section, and is expected to be able to efficiently manage the on-site construction quality data and improve the quality management level;
2、本发明通过以.dwg形式呈现的分区分段信息来对建筑BIM模型中的梁、板、柱、墙进行切割，并利用WBS编码规则实现现场采集的质量数据信息与BIM模型中对应的分区分段构件关联，以实现质量信息的在BIM模型中的精准匹配，辅助工程施工质量管理；2. The present invention cuts the beams, plates, columns and walls in the building BIM model through the partition and segmentation information presented in the form of .dwg, and uses the WBS coding rules to associate the quality data information collected on site with the corresponding partition and segmentation components in the BIM model, so as to achieve accurate matching of quality information in the BIM model and assist in the quality management of engineering construction;
3、本发明根据实际工程组织计划对建筑BIM进行精细化分割，BIM切割方法形成的BIM插件可以使得分割后的模型与工程流水作业计划相匹配，便于在实际工程中根据区段划分后的BIM模型进行进一步开发与管理；3. The present invention performs fine segmentation of building BIM according to the actual engineering organization plan. The BIM plug-in formed by the BIM cutting method can match the segmented model with the engineering flow operation plan, which is convenient for further development and management according to the BIM model after segmentation in the actual project;
4、本发明可将切割后的BIM模型上传至BIM轻量化平台，支持实现质量数据在分块、分区域上的可视化效果，帮助建筑参与各方对建筑质量进行分析和控制，有利于帮助实现参与各方的信息交流与共享，平衡工程质量和进度。4. The present invention can upload the cut BIM model to the BIM lightweight platform, support the visualization of quality data in blocks and regions, help all parties involved in the construction to analyze and control the building quality, and help realize information exchange and sharing among all parties involved, and balance the quality and progress of the project.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:
图1是本发明基于数字孪生的信息管理系统与构建方法的结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an information management system and construction method based on digital twins of the present invention;
图2是本发明的BIM模型切割流程图；FIG2 is a BIM model cutting flow chart of the present invention;
图3是本发明的BIM模型切割方案实施例示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a BIM model cutting solution of the present invention;
图4是本发明的所考虑到的BIM模型切割方案的缺陷；FIG4 is a diagram showing the defects of the BIM model cutting scheme considered in the present invention;
图5是本发明的切割方案加载示意图；FIG5 is a schematic diagram of loading a cutting scheme according to the present invention;
图6是本发明墙的分割算法流程图；FIG6 is a flow chart of a wall segmentation algorithm of the present invention;
图7是本发明梁的分割算法流程图；7 is a flow chart of the beam segmentation algorithm of the present invention;
图8是本发明楼板的分割算法流程图；FIG8 is a flow chart of the floor segmentation algorithm of the present invention;
图9是本发明柱的分割算法流程图。FIG. 9 is a flow chart of the column segmentation algorithm of the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解，现对照附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1-9所示，本发明提供一种基于数字孪生的施工质量信息管理系统的构建方法，包括如下步骤：As shown in FIGS. 1-9 , the present invention provides a method for constructing a construction quality information management system based on digital twins, comprising the following steps:
S1、按照分区、分层、分段施工计划制定BIM模型的切割方案，具体如下：S1. Develop a cutting plan for the BIM model according to the zoning, layering and segmentation construction plan, as follows:
S101、确定施工分区分段方案，制定.dwg格式的BIM分割方案；切割方案为一组文件。S101. Determine the construction zoning and segmentation plan, and formulate a BIM segmentation plan in .dwg format; the cutting plan is a set of files.
如图3所示，每个dwg文件应当有两个图层，一个名为“polygon”或“分割”，一个名为“name”。在polygon图层中，应当有一组多边形，每个多边形是一个分段，多边形应当为封闭多段线。在name图层中，应当有一组文本，每个文本是分段的编号，类似“M_N”，其中，M是分区的编号，N是分段的编号，都是整数。每个文本须落在polygon图层的一个多边形中。例如，“1_2”表示1区，2段。封闭多段线是指绘制线的起点与终点必须重合，且起点与终点的坐标属性一致。同时，绘制线宽必须采用默认线宽，且绘制线不能加粗。As shown in Figure 3, each dwg file should have two layers, one named "polygon" or "split" and the other named "name". In the polygon layer, there should be a set of polygons, each polygon is a segment, and the polygon should be a closed polyline. In the name layer, there should be a set of texts, each text is the number of the segment, similar to "M_N", where M is the partition number and N is the segment number, both are integers. Each text must fall within a polygon in the polygon layer. For example, "1_2" means 1 zone, 2 segments. A closed polyline means that the starting point and end point of the drawn line must coincide, and the coordinate attributes of the starting point and end point are consistent. At the same time, the drawn line width must use the default line width, and the drawn line cannot be thickened.
S102、确保切割方案与BIM模型进行对齐。根据revit软件以“原点到原点”的方式连接.dwg格式切割方案时，.dwg格式的切割方案应与revit模型位置保持一致。S102. Ensure that the cutting plan is aligned with the BIM model. When the .dwg format cutting plan is connected in the "origin to origin" mode according to the Revit software, the .dwg format cutting plan should be consistent with the Revit model position.
S103、对切割方案进行命名，包含切割方案影响的楼层信息，命名规范：F<i>.dwg，F<i>-A<j>.dwg。例如F1-A2.dwg表示对分区2的1楼进行分段划分。S103, naming the cutting scheme, including the floor information affected by the cutting scheme, with the naming standard: F<i>.dwg, F<i>-A<j>.dwg. For example, F1-A2.dwg means dividing the first floor of partition 2 into sections.
S2、对BIM模型分割方案进行必要修正，如图4所示，涉及如下几类BIM模型切割方案中的缺陷：切割方案中的多边形没有封口；有少量相交；相离；有重复多边形；有少边情况。通过读取CAD切割方案【SO】(技术上可以是cad文件或多边形集)，输出纠正后的CAD切割方案【SN】，同时输出统计信息【ISO】和【ISN】发现的问题【Q】和实施的纠正【C】。S2. Make necessary corrections to the BIM model segmentation scheme, as shown in Figure 4, involving the following types of defects in the BIM model cutting scheme: the polygons in the cutting scheme are not sealed; there are a small number of intersections; separations; repeated polygons; and few edges. By reading the CAD cutting scheme [SO] (technically it can be a cad file or a polygon set), the corrected CAD cutting scheme [SN] is output, and at the same time, the statistical information [ISO] and [ISN] of the problems found [Q] and the corrections implemented [C] are output.
对于切割方案中的多边形没有封口，纠正前的多折线与纠正后的多边形，对应点的距离和应当小于一个指定值σ；对于有少量相交，当两多边形相交区域小于设定值时，纠正相交为不交；对于有重复多边形的，只保一个，删除重复的多余的；对于相离的，当切割方案中的两个或多个封闭区域相离，且相离的距离在容错值范围内，自动校正为封闭区域不相离(仅移动涉及相交的部分点坐标)；对于少边的，当切割方案中的多段线(2条及以上的线)的两个端点和相邻的多边形的距离在容错值范围内，自动校正为封闭区域补边。For polygons without closed edges in the cutting scheme, the sum of the distances between the corresponding points of the polyline before correction and the polygon after correction should be less than a specified value σ; for polygons with a small amount of intersection, when the intersection area of the two polygons is less than the set value, the intersection is corrected to non-intersection; for repeated polygons, only one is kept and the redundant duplicates are deleted; for separated ones, when two or more closed areas in the cutting scheme are separated and the distance between them is within the tolerance value range, they are automatically corrected to the closed areas being inseparable (only the coordinates of some points involved in the intersection are moved); for polygons with few edges, when the distances between the two endpoints of the polyline (2 or more lines) in the cutting scheme and the adjacent polygons are within the tolerance value range, they are automatically corrected to the closed areas being filled.
算法核心可表达为一个函数：void correct(schema:多折线集):多折线集。在文件处理级别可表达为：void correct(oldSchemaFile:String,layerName:String,newSchemaFile:String,logFile:String)。The core of the algorithm can be expressed as a function: void correct(schema:multipolylineset):multipolylineset. At the file processing level, it can be expressed as: void correct(oldSchemaFile:String,layerName:String,newSchemaFile:String,logFile:String).
S3、按照建筑的BIM模型切割方案对建筑的BIM模型进行切割，如图5所示，包括：墙分割，梁分割，楼板分割和柱的区段划分，切割后的区段信息填入BIM构件的属性中，具体为：S3. Cut the BIM model of the building according to the BIM model cutting plan of the building, as shown in Figure 5, including: wall division, beam division, floor division and column segmentation. The segment information after cutting is filled in the properties of the BIM component, specifically:
墙分割指对于跨区段的整面墙，按照区段划分标准进行拆分成多个墙,新拆分出来的墙依附关系和关联关系和原墙保持一致。同时对墙的区段信息进行标注。对于区段内的墙，不分割，仅对墙的区段信息进行标注。Wall segmentation means that the entire wall across sections is split into multiple walls according to the section division standard. The attachment and association relationships of the newly split walls are consistent with the original walls. At the same time, the section information of the wall is marked. For walls within the section, they are not split, and only the section information of the wall is marked.
梁分割：指对于跨区段的长梁，按照区段划分标准进行拆分成多个梁，新拆分出来的梁关联关系和原梁保持一致。同时对梁的区段信息进行标注。对于区段内的梁，不分割，仅对梁的区段信息进行标注。Beam division: refers to the division of a long beam across sections into multiple beams according to the section division standard. The association relationship of the newly divided beams is consistent with the original beam. At the same time, the section information of the beam is marked. For beams within a section, they are not divided, and only the section information of the beam is marked.
柱的区段划分：指柱按照区段划分标准对柱的注释属性进行区段信息标注。Column segmentation: refers to the marking of segment information on the column's annotation attributes according to the segmentation standards.
楼板分割：指对于跨区段的楼板，按照区段划分标准进行拆分成多个楼板，新拆分出来的楼板依附关系和关联关系和原楼板保持一致。同时对楼板的区段信息进行标注。对于区段内的楼板，不分割，仅对楼板的区段信息进行标注。Floor segmentation: refers to the splitting of the floor across sections into multiple floors according to the section division standard. The dependency and association relationship of the newly split floor remain consistent with the original floor. At the same time, the section information of the floor is marked. For the floor within the section, it is not split, and only the section information of the floor is marked.
在算法层面来看：At the algorithm level:
[1]首先，进行切割对象认定。[1] First, identify the cutting object.
包括梁、板、柱、墙，BIM提供API选择代码。柱在revit文档中，类(class)为FamilyInstance且分类为内建的OST_StructuralColumns与OST_Columns的元素，其选择代码如下：Including beams, slabs, columns, and walls, BIM provides API selection codes. In the Revit document, the columns are of the FamilyInstance class and are classified as the built-in OST_StructuralColumns and OST_Columns elements, and their selection codes are as follows:
结构柱过滤条件：Structural column filtering conditions:
(new FilteredElementCollector(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.doc))(new FilteredElementCollector(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.doc))
.OfClass(typeof(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.FamilyInstance)).OfClass(typeof(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.FamilyInstance))
.OfCategory(BuiltInCategory.OST_StructuralColumns)；.OfCategory(BuiltInCategory.OST_StructuralColumns);
建筑柱过滤条件：Architectural columns filter conditions:
(new FilteredElementCollector(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.doc))(new FilteredElementCollector(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.doc))
.OfClass(typeof(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.FamilyInstance)).OfClass(typeof(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.FamilyInstance))
.OfCategory(BuiltInCategory.OST_Columns)；.OfCategory(BuiltInCategory.OST_Columns);
墙为类(class)为Wall且分类为内建的OST_Walls的元素，基于revit API的选择代码如下：Walls are elements with the class Wall and the category built-in OST_Walls. The selection code based on the Revit API is as follows:
(new FilteredElementCollector(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.doc))(new FilteredElementCollector(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.doc))
.OfClass(typeof(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.Wall)).OfClass(typeof(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.Wall))
.OfCategory(BuiltInCategory.OST_Walls)；.OfCategory(BuiltInCategory.OST_Walls);
板为类(class)为Floor且分类为内建的OST_Floors的元素，板基于revit API的选择代码如下：The floor is an element of class Floor and classified as built-in OST_Floors. The selection code of the floor based on Revit API is as follows:
(new FilteredElementCollector(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.doc)(new FilteredElementCollector(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.doc)
.OfClass(typeof(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.Floor)).OfClass(typeof(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.Floor))
.OfCategory(BuiltInCategory.OST_Floors)；.OfCategory(BuiltInCategory.OST_Floors);
梁类(class)为FamilyInstance且分类为内建的OST_StructuralFraming的元素。梁基于revit API的选择代码：Elements of the beam class FamilyInstance and the category built-in OST_StructuralFraming. Beam selection codes based on the Revit API:
(new FilteredElementCollector(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.doc))(new FilteredElementCollector(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.doc))
.OfClass(typeof(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.FamilyInstance).OfClass(typeof(Autodesk.Revit.DB.Document.FamilyInstance)
.OfCategory(BuiltInCategory.OST_StructuralFraming)；.OfCategory(BuiltInCategory.OST_StructuralFraming);
[2]进行构件的切割与划分墙：[2] Cutting components and dividing walls:
梁：Beam:
板：plate:
柱：column:
S4、将分割后的BIM模型上传至WEB端进行BIM模型轻量化，具体为：WEB端包括项目管理，模型管理，质量管理三个一级菜单。项目管理用于创建项目，管理项目，查看项目信息；模型管理用于模型文件管理，上传切割后的BIM模型，管理模型目录，模型校审，查看模型；质量管理包括下发按照“楼栋-区-层-段-构件”组织的测量工作包，实现测量信息数据与BIM构件之间的关联。S4. Upload the segmented BIM model to the WEB end to perform lightweight BIM model. Specifically, the WEB end includes three first-level menus: project management, model management, and quality management. Project management is used to create projects, manage projects, and view project information; model management is used to manage model files, upload segmented BIM models, manage model directories, model review, and view models; quality management includes issuing measurement work packages organized according to "building-area-layer-section-component" to achieve the association between measurement information data and BIM components.
S5、按照质量检测任务下放测量工作包，具体为：S5. Decentralize measurement work packages according to quality inspection tasks, specifically:
测量工作包列表包含测量汇总包结果显示如下：The measurement work package list including the measurement summary package results are shown as follows:
单个测量包包括测量登记项结果，测量操作箱结果，包含内容如下：A single measurement package includes the measurement registration item results and the measurement operation box results, and contains the following contents:
质量检测人员根据下放的测量工作包进行现场数据采集，测量工作任务按照WBS组织规则——楼栋-楼层-分区-分段-构件进行组织，以实现测量数据(WBS元素)与对应BIM构件的关联。Quality inspection personnel collect on-site data based on the delegated measurement work packages. The measurement work tasks are organized according to the WBS organization rules - building-floor-partition-segment-component, so as to realize the association between the measurement data (WBS elements) and the corresponding BIM components.
具体包括以下步骤：The specific steps include:
S501、按照测量工作包进行测量计划，安排测量操作项；S501. Carry out measurement plan according to the measurement work package and arrange measurement operation items;
S502、测量结果登记，填报测量登记项；S502, register the measurement results and fill in the measurement registration items;
S503、质量判定，获取测量汇总包。S503: Quality determination, obtaining a measurement summary package.
S6、基于WBS编码规则，将质量数据信息在WEB端与BIM轻量化模型进行关联，具体为：S6. Based on the WBS coding rules, the quality data information is associated with the BIM lightweight model on the WEB side, specifically:
WBS规则是指：WBS rules refer to:
1、一个楼栋至少由一个rvt文件构成，上传之后会为rvt文件生成一个模型编号，标识楼栋信息；1. A building consists of at least one rvt file. After uploading, a model number will be generated for the rvt file to identify the building information;
2、WBS组织结构规则：楼栋-楼层-分区-分段-构件；2. WBS organizational structure rules: building-floor-division-section-component;
3、WBS元素包括工作名称和工作编码，名称可以自定义并带有业务属性，工作编码要按照空间划分的方式生成，空间划分分为垂直空间和水平空间，垂直空间下的定义规则为：3. WBS elements include work names and work codes. The names can be customized and have business attributes. Work codes should be generated according to the spatial division method. The spatial division is divided into vertical space and horizontal space. The definition rules under the vertical space are:
例如：For example:
R1：楼栋的编码用code表达，从图模管理模块获取，eg.M856001；R1: The building code is expressed by code, which is obtained from the image model management module, eg. M856001;
R2：楼层的编码用F[0-9]*的方式表达，eg.F1；R2: The floor code is expressed in the form of F[0-9]*, eg. F1;
R3:分区的编码用A[0-9]*,其中编号应当符合CAD图纸中的区段标识数据，eg.CAD中1-2段对应的分区编码为A1；R3: The partition code is A[0-9]*, where the number should conform to the segment identification data in the CAD drawing, e.g. the partition code corresponding to segment 1-2 in CAD is A1;
R4：分段的编码用S[0-9]*,其中编号应当符合CAD图纸中的区段标识数据，eg.CAD中1-2段对应的分段编码为S2；R4: The segment code is S[0-9]*, where the number should conform to the segment identification data in the CAD drawing, e.g. the segment code corresponding to segment 1-2 in CAD is S2;
R5：构件的编码用C和BIM构建编号拼接而成，eg.C8654001。R5: The component code is composed of C and BIM construction number, eg.C8654001.
进一步的：Further:
1、WBS中的一个元素属于M，可以从名字从提取M的编号，BIM中应当有一个被认定为楼栋的构件或BIM元素，该构件或BIM元素的编码属性是该WBS提取出的编号，则两者认为匹配，自动将WBS的BIM关联属性设置为该BIM构件或元素；1. An element in WBS belongs to M, and the number of M can be extracted from the name. There should be a component or BIM element identified as a building in BIM. The coding attribute of this component or BIM element is the number extracted from the WBS. If the two are considered to match, the BIM association attribute of WBS is automatically set to the BIM component or element;
2、WBS中的一个元素属于F，可以从名字从提取楼层信息F[0-9]*，BIM中应当有一个被认定为楼层的构件或BIM元素，该构件或BIM元素的标高属性是该WBS提取出的楼层信息，则两者认为匹配，自动将WBS的BIM关联属性设置为该BIM构件或元素；2. An element in WBS belongs to F, and the floor information F[0-9]* can be extracted from the name. There should be a component or BIM element in BIM that is identified as a floor. The elevation attribute of the component or BIM element is the floor information extracted from the WBS. The two are considered to match, and the BIM association attribute of the WBS is automatically set to the BIM component or element;
3、WBS中的一个元素属于A，可以从名字从提取A的编号，BIM中应当有一个被认定为分区的构件或BIM元素，该构件或BIM元素的编码属性是该WBS提取出的编号，则两者认为匹配，自动将WBS的BIM关联属性设置为该BIM构件或元素；3. An element in WBS belongs to A, and the number of A can be extracted from the name. There should be a component or BIM element identified as a partition in BIM. The coding attribute of this component or BIM element is the number extracted from the WBS. The two are considered to match, and the BIM association attribute of WBS is automatically set to the BIM component or element;
4、WBS中的一个元素属于S，可以从名字从提取S的编号，BIM中应当有一个被认定为分段的构件或BIM元素，该构件或BIM元素的编码属性是该WBS提取出的编号，则两者认为匹配，自动将WBS的BIM关联属性设置为该BIM构件或元素；4. An element in WBS belongs to S, and the number of S can be extracted from the name. There should be a component or BIM element identified as a segment in BIM, and the coding attribute of the component or BIM element is the number extracted from the WBS. The two are considered to match, and the BIM association attribute of WBS is automatically set to the BIM component or element;
5、WBS中的一个元素属于C，可以从名字从提取C的编号，BIM中应当有一个被认定为该构件，该构件的编码属性是该WBS提取出的编号，则两者认为匹配，自动将WBS的BIM关联属性设置为该BIM构件。5. An element in WBS belongs to C, and the number of C can be extracted from the name. There should be a component identified as this in BIM, and the coding attribute of this component is the number extracted from the WBS. The two are considered to match, and the BIM association attribute of WBS is automatically set to this BIM component.
按照上述方法构建得到的一种基于数字孪生的施工质量管理系统，包括BIM模型分割模块，质量数据采集模块，数据关联模块。A construction quality management system based on digital twins is constructed according to the above method, including a BIM model segmentation module, a quality data acquisition module, and a data association module.
BIM模型分割模块利用BIM分割方案，实现建筑BIM模型上分区、分层、分段的分割，而区、层、段信息作为属性填入BIM构件中，并将输出楼栋、区、层、段、构件工程分解结构信息，同时支持下放测量工作包以及上传至BIM轻量化平台。BIM分割方案为对BIM模型中楼板、梁、柱、墙进行切割和/或归属到分区、分段的方案，BIM分割方案为符合规范的CAD文件，CAD文件定义每个分区、分段、楼层对楼板、梁、柱、墙的切割方式。分区、分段为混凝土结构工程中，对建筑模型在水平方向上进行划分，一个水平的楼层划分为多个分区，一个分区进一步划分为多个分段；即一级划分单位为分区，二级划分单位为分段。BIM构件为梁、板、柱、墙，BIM分割为对梁、板、柱、墙的分割和划分；楼栋、区、层、段、构件工程分解结构信息为经过分割后对BIM构件进行识别的编码方案；下放的测量工作包用以支持质量数据采集计划，包含不同楼栋、区、层、段、构件的测量任务；BIM轻量化平台为经过分割、处理后的BIM轻量化模型上传至WEB端，进行轻量化展示。所述BIM模型分割模块用于(1)导入.dwg类型的分割方案文档，(2)导入建筑BIM模型，(3)按照分割文档对BIM模型进行切割，(4)按照分割方案对切割后的BIM模型构件填入区段信息，最后获得分割后的BIM轻量化模型，并下放工程分解结构。The BIM model segmentation module uses the BIM segmentation scheme to achieve the segmentation of the building BIM model into zones, layers, and sections. The zone, layer, and section information are filled into the BIM components as attributes, and the decomposition structure information of the building, zone, layer, section, and component engineering is output. At the same time, it supports the decentralization of measurement work packages and uploading to the BIM lightweight platform. The BIM segmentation scheme is a scheme for cutting and/or assigning floors, beams, columns, and walls in the BIM model to zones and sections. The BIM segmentation scheme is a CAD file that complies with the specifications. The CAD file defines the cutting method of floors, beams, columns, and walls for each zone, section, and floor. In concrete structure engineering, the building model is divided horizontally. A horizontal floor is divided into multiple zones, and a zone is further divided into multiple sections; that is, the first-level division unit is the zone, and the second-level division unit is the section. BIM components are beams, slabs, columns, and walls. BIM segmentation is the segmentation and division of beams, slabs, columns, and walls. The engineering decomposition structure information of buildings, areas, floors, sections, and components is a coding scheme for identifying BIM components after segmentation. The decentralized measurement work package is used to support the quality data collection plan, including measurement tasks of different buildings, areas, floors, sections, and components. The BIM lightweight platform is a lightweight BIM model that has been segmented and processed and uploaded to the WEB for lightweight display. The BIM model segmentation module is used to (1) import a segmentation scheme document of the .dwg type, (2) import a building BIM model, (3) segment the BIM model according to the segmentation document, (4) fill in the segmentation information of the segmented BIM model components according to the segmentation scheme, and finally obtain the segmented BIM lightweight model and delegate the engineering decomposition structure.
质量数据采集模块用于指导实现对现场数据的采集工作，质量数据采集模块包括测量工作包、测量操作项、测量登记项和测量汇总包，并输出质量信息数据；测量工作包作为工作组织的层级，多个相依赖或者无依赖的测量任务构成一个工作包；测量操作项为操作一次测量设备，记录一个或一组值，对应的活动或任务的等级、所得结果的等级；测量登记项为上报到系统中的数据，忽略具体的测量设备和手段，独立设置设计值，设置容许的误差范围的测量指标，对应的行为或结果的等级；测量汇总包为汇报单位，即获得对区、层、段、房间、构件质量的评价。质量数据采集关联模块用于采集现场质量数据信息，如混凝土强度，混凝土保护层厚度，钢筋间距，构件平整度，垂直度等，具体包括(1)测量工作包，包含测量任务，(2)测量操作项，具体指质量数据采集过程的各项活动，(3)测量登记项，具体指上传的质量数据、标准，(4)测量汇总包，即对质量的评价，最后输出经WBS编码组织的质量数据信息。The quality data acquisition module is used to guide the collection of field data. The quality data acquisition module includes measurement work packages, measurement operation items, measurement registration items and measurement summary packages, and outputs quality information data; the measurement work package is the level of work organization, and multiple dependent or independent measurement tasks constitute a work package; the measurement operation item is to operate a measuring device once, record one or a group of values, and the corresponding level of activity or task, and the level of the result obtained; the measurement registration item is the data reported to the system, ignoring the specific measurement equipment and means, independently setting the design value, setting the measurement indicator of the allowable error range, and the corresponding level of behavior or result; the measurement summary package is the reporting unit, that is, to obtain the evaluation of the quality of the area, layer, section, room, and component. The quality data collection association module is used to collect on-site quality data information, such as concrete strength, concrete cover thickness, steel bar spacing, component flatness, verticality, etc. It specifically includes (1) measurement work packages, including measurement tasks, (2) measurement operation items, specifically referring to the various activities in the quality data collection process, (3) measurement registration items, specifically referring to the uploaded quality data and standards, (4) measurement summary packages, that is, the evaluation of quality, and finally outputs the quality data information organized by WBS coding.
数据关联模块基于WBS编码规则组织测量数据信息，实现采集的质量数据信息与对应的BIM轻量化模型中楼栋、区、层、段构件关联。WBS编码规则为工作分解结构的编码规则，工作分解结构按照楼栋、区、层、段、构件进行分解，对构件进行编码；质量数据信息为通过质量数据采集模块获取的构件质量评价，按照WBS编码规则组织，对质量数据采集位置的信息进行编码，以实现质量数据信息与对应构件的关联。The data association module organizes the measurement data information based on the WBS coding rules to associate the collected quality data information with the corresponding building, area, floor, and section components in the BIM lightweight model. The WBS coding rules are the coding rules of the work breakdown structure. The work breakdown structure is decomposed according to buildings, areas, floors, sections, and components, and the components are coded; the quality data information is the component quality evaluation obtained by the quality data collection module, which is organized according to the WBS coding rules, and the information of the quality data collection location is coded to achieve the association of the quality data information with the corresponding components.
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护之内。The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310095370.7ACN116263836B (en) | 2023-01-19 | 2023-01-19 | Digital twinning-based information management system and construction method |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310095370.7ACN116263836B (en) | 2023-01-19 | 2023-01-19 | Digital twinning-based information management system and construction method |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116263836A CN116263836A (en) | 2023-06-16 |
| CN116263836Btrue CN116263836B (en) | 2024-10-22 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310095370.7AActiveCN116263836B (en) | 2023-01-19 | 2023-01-19 | Digital twinning-based information management system and construction method |
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116263836B (en) |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117475101B (en)* | 2023-10-11 | 2024-07-02 | 视昀科技(深圳)有限公司 | Space division method and device for three-dimensional model, terminal equipment and storage medium |
| US20250217529A1 (en)* | 2023-12-29 | 2025-07-03 | Procore Technologies, Inc. | Systems and Methods for Partitioning BIM Models |
| CN118364783B (en)* | 2024-06-17 | 2024-08-30 | 中建三局集团有限公司 | BIM model and planning task automatic hooking method and system |
| CN119293741B (en)* | 2024-12-13 | 2025-02-25 | 北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司 | Comprehensive management and control method and system based on digital twin and multi-source heterogeneous data processing |
| CN120277792A (en)* | 2025-06-09 | 2025-07-08 | 浙江华东工程数字技术有限公司 | Method, device, medium and equipment for designing and building assembled building |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20160041281A (en)* | 2014-10-07 | 2016-04-18 | 현대건설주식회사 | Construction work management system based on BIM and management method of the same |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011112572A2 (en)* | 2010-03-09 | 2011-09-15 | Vela Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for construction field management and operations with building information modeling |
| CN108170988B (en)* | 2018-01-23 | 2021-01-01 | 成都希盟泰克科技发展有限公司 | Three-step seven-step method for tunnel excavation based on BIM technology |
| CN108376376B (en)* | 2018-02-02 | 2021-11-09 | 北京筑业志远软件开发有限公司 | BIM model-based construction engineering quality management standardization method |
| CN109388910A (en)* | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-26 | 广西路桥工程集团有限公司 | A kind of engineering construction construction technology management system and method based on BIM |
| CN110096814B (en)* | 2019-05-05 | 2022-08-16 | 广西路桥工程集团有限公司 | Digital bridge construction system based on BIM model |
| KR20210064953A (en)* | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-03 | 주식회사 연우테크놀러지 | Total Managing system for factory productiong the modular building and planning the modular building on construction site and and method therefore |
| CN114519498B (en)* | 2022-01-10 | 2024-05-24 | 湖北国际物流机场有限公司 | Quality inspection and evaluation method and system based on BIM model |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20160041281A (en)* | 2014-10-07 | 2016-04-18 | 현대건설주식회사 | Construction work management system based on BIM and management method of the same |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116263836A (en) | 2023-06-16 |
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN116263836B (en) | Digital twinning-based information management system and construction method | |
| CN109785436B (en) | BIM technology-based reinforcing steel bar information full life cycle management method | |
| Dore et al. | Integration of Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) and 3D GIS for recording and managing cultural heritage sites | |
| CN110490415B (en) | A construction progress assessment method based on multi-UAV visual coordination | |
| CN107480374B (en) | A method for creating bridge BIM model based on CATIA | |
| CN112685804A (en) | Highway engineering design information-based WBS automatic construction method and system | |
| CN108564283A (en) | Construction quality rating database construction method based on BIM | |
| CN112597579A (en) | Engineering project digital delivery method and system based on BIM | |
| CN115391878B (en) | Architectural drawing recognition and model building method for building human settlement environment simulation | |
| CN114022892B (en) | Method and system for obtaining indoor three-dimensional map vector data of a building based on CAD drawings | |
| CN103824157A (en) | Storied household graph management system based on generic tree apportionment model | |
| KR20050094780A (en) | Method for manufacturing informality present state using air photograph | |
| CN117251518A (en) | An urban safety planning and design method where GIS platform and CAD platform run simultaneously | |
| CN119513218A (en) | Multi-dimensional and multi-scale data governance method and system based on CIM basic platform | |
| Cao et al. | A digital twin (DT) framework at design and construction phases | |
| Hidalgo-Sánchez et al. | 3D GIS Semi-automatized modelling procedure for the conservation of the PHiM: Heritage Municipal Buildings of Seville (Spain). A new dimension for urban cultural data management | |
| Lo Turco et al. | From integrated survey to the parametric modeling of degradations. A feasible workflow | |
| Nieto-Julián et al. | The semantic discretization of architectural heritage as the basis of a HBIM restoration and conservation project | |
| Gotlib et al. | Integration of models of building interiors with cadastral data | |
| Shih | A study of 2D-and 3D-oriented architectural drawing production methods | |
| Nakamura et al. | 3D Point Studio: Utilization Platform for Point Cloud Data | |
| CN114491725A (en) | BIM-based highway construction data management platform | |
| CN114841654A (en) | A method for building a digital open pit mine | |
| Nuyts et al. | Vision on conservation: Virterf | |
| KR102624172B1 (en) | 3D PROCESS MANAGEMENT WEB-PLATFORM BASED ON DIGITAL TWIN USING BIM, QR AND RFID FOR DfMA APPLICATION |
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |