CN116227527A - Passive IoT sensing tags and IoT sensing systems - Google Patents
Passive IoT sensing tags and IoT sensing systemsDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本申请涉及射频识别和物联网技术领域，具体地涉及一种无源物联网感知标签以及一种物联网感知系统。The present application relates to the technical fields of radio frequency identification and the Internet of Things, and in particular to a passive Internet of Things sensing tag and an Internet of Things sensing system.
背景技术Background technique
目前，物联网感知标签的实现方式主要有两种。第一种，通过无源射频识别(RadioFrequency Identification，简称RFID)加传感器构成。射频识别技术是一种自动识别技术，利用射频信号通过空间耦合(交变磁场或电磁场)实现无接触信息传递，通过所传递的信息达到识别的目的。超高频840MHz～960MHz射频识别技术自身识别距离远(一般为3m～10m)，在资产管理、物流追踪、电力输电、配电杆塔巡检等领域应用。第二种，通过有源电子标签实现物联网感知。有源电子标签是指标签工作的能量由电池提供，电池、内存与天线一起构成有源电子标签，不同于被动射频的激活方式，它通过电池供电可主动外发信息，极容易与传感器结合，构建传感器通信网。常见的有源电子标签工作于433MHz频段或2.4GHz工作频段，通信距离可在50m～2000m，甚至更远。At present, there are mainly two ways to implement IoT-aware tags. The first type is composed of passive radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification, referred to as RFID) plus sensors. Radio frequency identification technology is an automatic identification technology that uses radio frequency signals to achieve non-contact information transmission through spatial coupling (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field), and achieves the purpose of identification through the transmitted information. UHF 840MHz~960MHz radio frequency identification technology has a long identification distance (generally 3m~10m), and is used in asset management, logistics tracking, power transmission, power distribution tower inspection and other fields. The second is to realize the perception of the Internet of Things through active electronic tags. The active electronic tag means that the energy for the tag's work is provided by the battery. The battery, memory and antenna together form an active electronic tag. Different from the passive radio frequency activation method, it can actively send out information through battery power supply, and it is very easy to combine with sensors. Build a sensor communication network. Common active electronic tags work in the 433MHz frequency band or 2.4GHz frequency band, and the communication distance can be 50m ~ 2000m, or even farther.
现有的RFID技术存在以下缺点：The existing RFID technology has the following disadvantages:
1)采用无源RFID技术的电子标签，所需的电能均来自读写器天线发送的射频能量。通信时，读写器发射频率、读写器天线中心频率、电子标签谐振频率必须保持一致，才能获得更大的能量和较为理想的通信效果。若电子标签增加传感功能，功耗会大幅增加，灵敏度会降低，直接导致通信距离减少，标签识别距离极大地缩减。1) For electronic tags using passive RFID technology, the required power comes from the radio frequency energy sent by the reader antenna. During communication, the transmitting frequency of the reader, the center frequency of the antenna of the reader, and the resonant frequency of the electronic tag must be consistent in order to obtain greater energy and a more ideal communication effect. If the electronic tag adds a sensing function, the power consumption will increase significantly, and the sensitivity will decrease, which will directly lead to a decrease in the communication distance and greatly reduce the tag recognition distance.
2)有源RFID标签，通过电池为标签供能，标签是否带传感功能都不会影响标签的通信距离。但是，有源RFID标签在远距离传输时，需通过增加发射功率才能实现，一般情况下20dBm发射功率时，工况环境下传输100m，功耗1.5w；30dBm发射功率时，工况环境下传输1.5km，功耗3.5w。然而，电池的电容量是有限的，发射功率越大耗电越快，电池寿命直接影响产品使用寿命，若更换电池也会增加设备维护成本。2) Active RFID tags, which are powered by batteries, and whether the tags have sensing functions will not affect the communication distance of the tags. However, the long-distance transmission of active RFID tags needs to be achieved by increasing the transmission power. Generally, when the transmission power is 20dBm, the transmission power is 100m under working conditions, and the power consumption is 1.5w; 1.5km, power consumption 3.5w. However, the capacity of the battery is limited. The higher the transmission power, the faster the power consumption. The battery life directly affects the product life. If the battery is replaced, it will also increase the maintenance cost of the equipment.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述技术缺陷之一，本申请提供一种无源物联网感知标签。In order to solve one of the above technical defects, the present application provides a passive IoT sensing tag.
本申请一方面提供一种无源物联网感知标签，包括：主控芯片、传感模块、射频识别标签模块以及微取能模块，主控芯片包括通信单元和硬件接口，射频识别标签模块和传感模块通过主控芯片的硬件接口与主控芯片连接；On the one hand, the present application provides a passive IoT sensing label, including: a main control chip, a sensing module, a radio frequency identification label module and a micro energy harvesting module, the main control chip includes a communication unit and a hardware interface, a radio frequency identification label module and a transmission The sensing module is connected to the main control chip through the hardware interface of the main control chip;
所述传感模块包括多种不同传感功能的传感单元，用于感知环境信息得到多种感知数据，将感知数据传递到主控芯片；The sensing module includes a variety of sensing units with different sensing functions, which are used to sense environmental information to obtain a variety of sensing data, and transmit the sensing data to the main control chip;
所述主控芯片用于通过通信单元上传感知数据，同时通过硬件接口将感知数据传递至射频识别标签模块进行存储；The main control chip is used to upload the sensing data through the communication unit, and at the same time transmit the sensing data to the radio frequency identification tag module through the hardware interface for storage;
所述射频识别标签模块用于以射频识别方式向外部的读写器模块提供存储的感知数据；The radio frequency identification tag module is used to provide stored sensing data to an external reader module in a radio frequency identification manner;
所述微取能模块用于收集外界的微能量并转换成电能，为主控芯片、传感模块和射频识别标签模块供电。The micro energy harvesting module is used to collect external micro energy and convert it into electric energy to supply power to the main control chip, sensing module and radio frequency identification tag module.
本申请实施例中，所述微取能模块包括微能量转换模块、电源管理单元和储能单元，电源管理单元的输入端与微能量转换模块的输入端连接，储能单元的输入端与微能量转换模块的输出端连接，储能单元的输出端与电源管理单元的输入端连接；In the embodiment of the present application, the micro energy acquisition module includes a micro energy conversion module, a power management unit and an energy storage unit, the input end of the power management unit is connected to the input end of the micro energy conversion module, and the input end of the energy storage unit is connected to the micro energy storage unit. The output end of the energy conversion module is connected, and the output end of the energy storage unit is connected with the input end of the power management unit;
所述微能量转换模块用于收集外界的微能量并转换成电能输出到电源管理单元和储能单元；The micro-energy conversion module is used to collect external micro-energy and convert it into electrical energy for output to the power management unit and energy storage unit;
所述电源管理单元用于对输入的电能进行升压转换得到两路稳定电压，直接为主控芯片和射频识别标签模块供电；The power management unit is used to step-up convert the input electric energy to obtain two stable voltages, which directly supply power to the main control chip and the radio frequency identification tag module;
所述储能单元用于储存电能，以及在微能量转换模块没有输出电能的情况下将储存的电能输出到电源管理单元。The energy storage unit is used for storing electric energy, and outputting the stored electric energy to the power management unit when the micro-energy conversion module does not output electric energy.
本申请实施例中，所述微能量转换模块包括光电转换单元、射频能转换单元、温差能转换单元和/或振动能转换模块；In the embodiment of the present application, the micro energy conversion module includes a photoelectric conversion unit, a radio frequency energy conversion unit, a temperature difference energy conversion unit and/or a vibration energy conversion module;
光电转换单元用于将光能转换为电能；The photoelectric conversion unit is used to convert light energy into electrical energy;
射频能转换单元用于将射频源发出的高频电磁波转换为电能；The radio frequency energy conversion unit is used to convert the high frequency electromagnetic wave emitted by the radio frequency source into electrical energy;
温差能转换单元用于利用热电半导体材料的温差电效应将热能转换为电能；The thermoelectric energy conversion unit is used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy by utilizing the thermoelectric effect of thermoelectric semiconductor materials;
振动能转换单元用于将振动能转换为电能。The vibration energy conversion unit is used to convert vibration energy into electrical energy.
本申请实施例中，所述射频识别标签模块包括：收发天线、射频电路单元、逻辑控制单元以及存储单元；In the embodiment of the present application, the radio frequency identification tag module includes: a transceiver antenna, a radio frequency circuit unit, a logic control unit, and a storage unit;
存储单元包括用于存储感知数据以及用于标识无源物联网感知标签的身份信息；The storage unit includes identity information for storing sensing data and identifying passive IoT sensing tags;
收发天线用于接收外部的读写器模块发送的射频信号；The transceiver antenna is used to receive the radio frequency signal sent by the external reader module;
射频电路单元用于根据收发天线接收的射频信号进行转换和解调；The radio frequency circuit unit is used for conversion and demodulation according to the radio frequency signal received by the transceiver antenna;
逻辑控制单元用于根据射频电路单元解调得到的信号从存储单元读取感知数据返回到射频电路单元；The logic control unit is used to read the sensing data from the storage unit according to the signal demodulated by the radio frequency circuit unit and return it to the radio frequency circuit unit;
射频电路单元还用于将感知数据调制后加载到收发天线，通过收发天线将调制的感知数据回发给外部的读写器模块。The radio frequency circuit unit is also used to modulate the sensing data and load it to the transceiver antenna, and send the modulated sensing data back to the external reader module through the transceiver antenna.
本申请实施例中，所述主控芯片还用于通过与射频识别标签模块连接的硬件接口读取射频识别标签模块存储的用于标识无源物联网感知标签的身份信息，通过通信单元上传感知数据和身份信息。In the embodiment of the present application, the main control chip is also used to read the identity information stored by the radio frequency identification tag module for identifying the passive IoT sensing tag through the hardware interface connected to the radio frequency identification tag module, and upload the sensing tag through the communication unit. Data and Identity Information.
本申请实施例中，所述存储单元包括用户区和身份信息区；用户区用于存储感知数据和配置信息，该配置信息包括传输频率、传输功率以及上传频次；身份信息区存储用于标识无源物联网感知标签的身份信息。In the embodiment of the present application, the storage unit includes a user area and an identity information area; the user area is used to store sensing data and configuration information, and the configuration information includes transmission frequency, transmission power, and upload frequency; the identity information area stores information for identifying The identity information of the source IoT-aware tag.
本申请实施例中，所述射频识别标签模块还用于在接收到含有配置信息的射频信号时，根据射频信号中的配置信息更新用户区存储的配置信息，在配置信息更新完成时向主控芯片发送触发更新信号；In the embodiment of the present application, the radio frequency identification tag module is also used to update the configuration information stored in the user area according to the configuration information in the radio frequency signal when receiving a radio frequency signal containing configuration information, and report to the main control when the configuration information update is completed. The chip sends a trigger update signal;
所述主控芯片在接收到触发更新信号时，通过硬件接口回读射频识别标签模块的用户区的配置信息，根据回读的配置信息中的传输频率、传输功率和上传频次，对通信单元上传感知数据的传输频率、传输功率和上传频次进行更新设置。When the main control chip receives the trigger update signal, it reads back the configuration information of the user area of the radio frequency identification tag module through the hardware interface, and uploads to the communication unit according to the transmission frequency, transmission power and upload frequency in the configuration information read back. The transmission frequency, transmission power and upload frequency of sensing data are updated and set.
本申请实施例中，所述传感模块包括温度传感单元、湿度传感单元或倾角姿态传感单元。In the embodiment of the present application, the sensing module includes a temperature sensing unit, a humidity sensing unit or an inclination attitude sensing unit.
本申请另一方面提供一种物联网感知系统，包括：无源物联网感知标签、移动终端和远程主站；Another aspect of the present application provides an IoT sensing system, including: a passive IoT sensing tag, a mobile terminal and a remote master station;
所述无源物联网感知标签包括：主控芯片、传感模块、射频识别标签模块以及微取能模块，主控芯片包括通信单元和硬件接口，射频识别标签模块和传感模块通过主控芯片的硬件接口与主控芯片连接；The passive Internet of Things sensing tag includes: a main control chip, a sensing module, a radio frequency identification tag module and a micro energy harvesting module, the main control chip includes a communication unit and a hardware interface, and the radio frequency identification tag module and the sensing module pass through the main control chip The hardware interface is connected with the main control chip;
所述传感模块包括多种不同传感功能的传感单元，用于感知环境信息得到多种感知数据，将感知数据传递到主控芯片；The sensing module includes a variety of sensing units with different sensing functions, which are used to sense environmental information to obtain a variety of sensing data, and transmit the sensing data to the main control chip;
所述主控芯片用于通过通信单元将感知数据上传到远程主站，同时通过硬件接口将感知数据传递至射频识别标签模块进行存储；The main control chip is used to upload the sensing data to the remote master station through the communication unit, and at the same time transfer the sensing data to the radio frequency identification tag module through the hardware interface for storage;
所述射频识别标签模块用于存储感知数据，以射频识别方式提供存储的感知数据；The radio frequency identification tag module is used for storing sensing data, and providing the stored sensing data in the form of radio frequency identification;
所述微取能模块用于收集外界的微能量并转换成电能，为主控芯片、传感模块和射频识别标签模块供电；The micro energy harvesting module is used to collect micro energy from the outside and convert it into electrical energy to supply power to the main control chip, sensing module and radio frequency identification tag module;
所述移动终端包括射频识别的读写器模块，用于以射频识别方式从射频识别标签模块读取感知数据。The mobile terminal includes a radio frequency identification reader module for reading sensing data from the radio frequency identification tag module in a radio frequency identification manner.
本申请实施例中，所述微取能模块包括微能量转换模块、电源管理单元和储能单元，电源管理单元的输入端与微能量转换模块的输入端连接，储能单元的输入端与微能量转换模块的输出端连接，储能单元的输出端与电源管理单元的输入端连接；In the embodiment of the present application, the micro energy acquisition module includes a micro energy conversion module, a power management unit and an energy storage unit, the input end of the power management unit is connected to the input end of the micro energy conversion module, and the input end of the energy storage unit is connected to the micro energy storage unit. The output end of the energy conversion module is connected, and the output end of the energy storage unit is connected with the input end of the power management unit;
所述微能量转换模块用于收集外界的微能量并转换成电能输出到电源管理单元和储能单元；The micro-energy conversion module is used to collect external micro-energy and convert it into electrical energy for output to the power management unit and energy storage unit;
所述电源管理单元用于对输入的电能进行升压转换得到两路稳定电压，直接为主控芯片和射频识别标签模块供电；The power management unit is used to step-up convert the input electric energy to obtain two stable voltages, which directly supply power to the main control chip and the radio frequency identification tag module;
所述储能单元用于储存电能，以及在微能量转换模块没有输出电能的情况下将储存的电能输出到电源管理单元。The energy storage unit is used for storing electric energy, and outputting the stored electric energy to the power management unit when the micro-energy conversion module does not output electric energy.
本申请实施例中，所述射频识别标签模块包括存储单元，该存储单元包括用户区和身份信息区；用户区用于存储感知数据和配置信息，该配置信息包括传输频率、传输功率以及上传频次；身份信息区存储用于标识无源物联网感知标签的身份信息。In the embodiment of the present application, the radio frequency identification tag module includes a storage unit, the storage unit includes a user area and an identity information area; the user area is used to store sensing data and configuration information, and the configuration information includes transmission frequency, transmission power and upload frequency ; The identity information area stores the identity information used to identify the passive IoT sensing tag.
本申请实施例中，所述移动终端的读写器模块还用于发送含有配置信息的射频信号；In the embodiment of the present application, the reader module of the mobile terminal is also used to send a radio frequency signal containing configuration information;
所述射频识别标签模块还用于在接收到含有配置信息的射频信号时，根据射频信号中的配置信息更新用户区存储的配置信息，在配置信息更新完成时向主控芯片发送触发更新信号；The radio frequency identification tag module is also used to update the configuration information stored in the user area according to the configuration information in the radio frequency signal when receiving a radio frequency signal containing configuration information, and send a trigger update signal to the main control chip when the configuration information update is completed;
所述主控芯片在接收到触发更新信号时，通过硬件接口回读射频识别标签模块的用户区的配置信息，根据回读的配置信息中的传输频率、传输功率和上传频次，对通信单元上传感知数据的传输频率、传输功率和上传频次进行更新设置。When the main control chip receives the trigger update signal, it reads back the configuration information of the user area of the radio frequency identification tag module through the hardware interface, and uploads to the communication unit according to the transmission frequency, transmission power and upload frequency in the configuration information read back. The transmission frequency, transmission power and upload frequency of sensing data are updated and set.
本申请实施例中，物联网感知系统还包括：汇集节点；In the embodiment of the present application, the IoT sensing system further includes: a converging node;
所述主控芯片通过与射频识别标签模块连接的硬件接口读取射频识别标签模块存储的用于标识无源物联网感知标签的身份信息，通过通信单元将感知数据和身份信息上传到汇集节点；The main control chip reads the identity information stored by the radio frequency identification tag module for identifying the passive Internet of Things sensing tag through the hardware interface connected to the radio frequency identification tag module, and uploads the sensing data and identity information to the collection node through the communication unit;
所述汇集节点将接收到的感知数据和身份信息上传至远程主站。The collection node uploads the received sensing data and identity information to the remote master station.
本申请实施例中，所述无源物联网感知标签安装于输电杆塔，用于标识输电杆塔的身份信息、监测输电杆塔的倾斜姿态和环境信息。In the embodiment of the present application, the passive Internet of Things sensing tag is installed on the transmission tower to identify the identity information of the transmission tower and monitor the tilt posture and environmental information of the transmission tower.
本申请的无源物联网感知标签集成多种不同传感功能的传感单元，具有环境感知功能；通过主控芯片将感知数据传递到射频识别标签模块进行存储同时上传感知数据到远程端，射频识别标签模块以射频识别方式在本地提供感知数据，便于用户本地读取和使用感知数据，同时便于远程监管。此外，本申请通过微取能模块收集外界的微弱能量将其转化为电能，持续从外部转换能量为标签整体供电，可以在射频传输大量感知数据的情况下维持标签原有的灵敏度，并保持标签识别距离不缩减；相对于通过电池供电的有源RFID标签，本申请的微取能模块可以持续供电，无需更换电池，可降低设备维护成本、延长设备使用寿命。The passive Internet of Things sensing tag of this application integrates a variety of sensing units with different sensing functions, and has an environmental sensing function; the sensing data is transmitted to the radio frequency identification tag module for storage through the main control chip, and the sensing data is uploaded to the remote end, and the radio frequency The identification tag module provides sensing data locally in the form of radio frequency identification, which is convenient for users to read and use the sensing data locally, and at the same time facilitates remote supervision. In addition, this application collects the weak energy from the outside world through the micro energy harvesting module and converts it into electrical energy, and continuously converts energy from the outside to supply power for the tag as a whole. It can maintain the original sensitivity of the tag in the case of radio frequency transmission of a large amount of sensing data, and keep the tag The recognition distance is not reduced; compared with the active RFID tags powered by batteries, the micro energy harvesting module of this application can continuously supply power without replacing batteries, which can reduce equipment maintenance costs and prolong equipment service life.
附图说明Description of drawings
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：The drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the application and constitute a part of the application. The schematic embodiments and descriptions of the application are used to explain the application and do not constitute an improper limitation to the application. In the attached picture:
图1为本申请实施例提供的无源物联网感知标签的结构示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive IoT-aware tag provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例提供的主控芯片与射频识别标签模块和传感模块之间的数据交互示意图；FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of data interaction between the main control chip and the radio frequency identification tag module and the sensing module provided by the embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请实施例提供的物联网感知系统的框图；FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an IoT sensing system provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请实施例提供的无源物联网感知标签的应用示例图。Fig. 4 is an application example diagram of the passive Internet of Things sensing tag provided by the embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本申请实施例中的技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图对本申请的示例性实施例进行进一步详细的说明，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是所有实施例的穷举。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。In order to make the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present application clearer, the exemplary embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, and Not an exhaustive list of all embodiments. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或可以互相通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection" and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated ; It can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection, or can communicate with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
如背景技术中所介绍的，采用无源RFID技术的电子标签，所需的电能均来自读写器天线发送的射频能量。通信时，读写器发射频率、读写器天线中心频率、电子标签谐振频率必须保持一致，才能获得更大的能量和较为理想的通信效果。若电子标签增加传感功能，功耗会大幅增加，灵敏度会降低，直接导致通信距离减少，标签识别距离极大地缩减。有源RFID标签，通过电池为标签供能，标签是否带传感功能都不会影响标签的通信距离。但是，有源RFID标签在远距离传输时，需通过增加发射功率才能实现。然而，电池的电容量是有限的，发射功率越大耗电越快，电池寿命直接影响产品使用寿命，若更换电池也会增加设备维护成本。As introduced in the background art, the electric energy required by the electronic tag adopting the passive RFID technology comes from the radio frequency energy transmitted by the antenna of the reader. During communication, the transmitting frequency of the reader, the center frequency of the antenna of the reader, and the resonant frequency of the electronic tag must be consistent in order to obtain greater energy and a more ideal communication effect. If the electronic tag adds a sensing function, the power consumption will increase significantly, and the sensitivity will decrease, which will directly lead to a decrease in the communication distance and greatly reduce the tag recognition distance. Active RFID tags are powered by batteries, and whether the tag has a sensing function will not affect the communication distance of the tag. However, when the active RFID tag is transmitted over a long distance, it needs to be realized by increasing the transmission power. However, the capacity of the battery is limited. The higher the transmission power, the faster the power consumption. The battery life directly affects the product life. If the battery is replaced, it will also increase the maintenance cost of the equipment.
针对上述问题，本申请实施例提供一种无源物联网感知标签，包括：主控芯片、传感模块、射频识别标签模块以及微取能模块。主控芯片包括通信单元和硬件接口，射频识别标签模块和传感模块通过主控芯片的硬件接口与主控芯片连接。传感模块包括多种不同传感功能的传感单元，用于感知环境信息得到多种感知数据，将感知数据传递到主控芯片。主控芯片用于通过通信单元上传感知数据，同时通过硬件接口将感知数据传递至射频识别标签模块进行存储。射频识别标签模块用于存储感知数据，以射频识别方式向外部的读写器模块提供存储的感知数据。微取能模块用于收集外界的微能量并转换成电能，为主控芯片、传感模块和射频识别标签模块供电。本申请的无源物联网感知标签集成多种不同传感功能的传感单元，具有环境感知功能；通过主控芯片将感知数据传递到射频识别标签模块进行存储同时上传感知数据到远程端，射频识别标签模块以射频识别方式在本地提供感知数据，便于用户本地读取和使用感知数据，同时便于远程监管。此外，本申请通过微取能模块收集外界的微弱能量将其转化为电能，持续从外部转换能量为标签整体供电，可以在射频传输大量感知数据的情况下维持标签原有的灵敏度，并保持标签识别距离不缩减；相对于通过电池供电的有源RFID标签，本申请的微取能模块可以持续供电，无需更换电池，可降低设备维护成本、延长设备使用寿命。以下对本申请实施例的技术方案进行详细阐述。In view of the above problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a passive IoT sensing tag, including: a main control chip, a sensing module, a radio frequency identification tag module and a micro energy harvesting module. The main control chip includes a communication unit and a hardware interface, and the radio frequency identification tag module and the sensing module are connected to the main control chip through the hardware interface of the main control chip. The sensing module includes a variety of sensing units with different sensing functions, which are used to sense environmental information to obtain a variety of sensing data, and transmit the sensing data to the main control chip. The main control chip is used to upload the sensing data through the communication unit, and at the same time transmit the sensing data to the radio frequency identification tag module through the hardware interface for storage. The radio frequency identification tag module is used for storing the sensing data, and provides the stored sensing data to the external reader module in the form of radio frequency identification. The micro energy harvesting module is used to collect micro energy from the outside and convert it into electrical energy to supply power for the main control chip, sensing module and radio frequency identification tag module. The passive Internet of Things sensing tag of this application integrates a variety of sensing units with different sensing functions, and has an environmental sensing function; the sensing data is transmitted to the radio frequency identification tag module for storage through the main control chip, and the sensing data is uploaded to the remote end, and the radio frequency The identification tag module provides sensing data locally in the form of radio frequency identification, which is convenient for users to read and use the sensing data locally, and at the same time facilitates remote supervision. In addition, this application collects the weak energy from the outside world through the micro energy harvesting module and converts it into electrical energy, and continuously converts energy from the outside to supply power for the tag as a whole. It can maintain the original sensitivity of the tag in the case of radio frequency transmission of a large amount of sensing data, and keep the tag The recognition distance is not reduced; compared with the active RFID tags powered by batteries, the micro energy harvesting module of this application can continuously supply power without replacing batteries, which can reduce equipment maintenance costs and prolong equipment service life. The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below.
图1为本申请实施例提供的无源物联网感知标签的结构示意图。如图1所示，本实施例提供一种无源物联网感知标签，包括：主控芯片、传感模块、射频识别标签模块以及微取能模块，主控芯片包括通信单元和硬件接口，射频识别标签模块和传感模块通过主控芯片的硬件接口与主控芯片连接，通信单元包括用于发射和接收信号的无线天线。传感模块包括多种不同传感功能的传感单元，用于感知环境信息得到多种感知数据，将感知数据传递到主控芯片。主控芯片通过通信单元上传感知数据，同时通过硬件接口将感知数据传递至射频识别标签模块进行存储。射频识别标签模块用于存储感知数据，以射频识别方式向外部的读写器模块提供存储的感知数据。微取能模块用于收集外界的微能量并转换成电能，为主控芯片、传感模块和射频识别标签模块供电。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive IoT-aware tag provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment provides a passive IoT sensing tag, including: a main control chip, a sensing module, a radio frequency identification tag module and a micro energy harvesting module, the main control chip includes a communication unit and a hardware interface, a radio frequency The identification label module and the sensing module are connected with the main control chip through the hardware interface of the main control chip, and the communication unit includes a wireless antenna for transmitting and receiving signals. The sensing module includes a variety of sensing units with different sensing functions, which are used to sense environmental information to obtain a variety of sensing data, and transmit the sensing data to the main control chip. The main control chip uploads the sensing data through the communication unit, and at the same time transmits the sensing data to the radio frequency identification tag module through the hardware interface for storage. The radio frequency identification tag module is used for storing the sensing data, and provides the stored sensing data to the external reader module in the form of radio frequency identification. The micro energy harvesting module is used to collect micro energy from the outside and convert it into electrical energy to supply power for the main control chip, sensing module and radio frequency identification tag module.
参照图1，微取能模块包括微能量转换模块、电源管理单元和储能单元，电源管理单元的输入端与微能量转换模块的输入端连接，储能单元的输入端与微能量转换模块的输出端连接，储能单元的输出端与电源管理单元的输入端连接。微能量转换模块收集外界的微能量并转换成电能输出到电源管理单元和储能单元。电源管理单元对输入的电能进行升压转换得到两路稳定电压，直接为主控芯片和射频识别标签模块供电，在为主控芯片供电的同时还为传感模块并行供电，主控芯片可以控制传感模块供电电路的关断。储能单元在微能量转换模块转换的电能充足时储存多余的电能，在微能量转换模块转换的电能不足时将储存的电能输出到电源管理单元。传感模块包括温度传感单元、湿度传感单元、倾角姿态传感单元(或角度传感单元、加速度传感单元)，分别用于感知温度、湿度、倾斜姿态、角度等信息，输出感知数据。Referring to Fig. 1, the micro energy acquisition module includes a micro energy conversion module, a power management unit and an energy storage unit, the input end of the power management unit is connected to the input end of the micro energy conversion module, the input end of the energy storage unit is connected to the micro energy conversion module The output end is connected, and the output end of the energy storage unit is connected with the input end of the power management unit. The micro-energy conversion module collects micro-energy from the outside and converts it into electrical energy for output to the power management unit and energy storage unit. The power management unit performs step-up conversion on the input power to obtain two stable voltages, which directly supply power to the main control chip and the radio frequency identification tag module. While supplying power to the main control chip, it also supplies power to the sensing module in parallel. The main control chip can control Shutdown of the sensing module power supply circuit. The energy storage unit stores excess electric energy when the electric energy converted by the micro-energy conversion module is sufficient, and outputs the stored electric energy to the power management unit when the electric energy converted by the micro-energy conversion module is insufficient. The sensing module includes a temperature sensing unit, a humidity sensing unit, and an inclination attitude sensing unit (or an angle sensing unit, an acceleration sensing unit), which are used to sense information such as temperature, humidity, tilt attitude, angle, etc., and output sensing data .
在一些实施例中，微能量转换模块包括光电转换单元、射频能转换单元、温差能转换单元或振动能转换模块，或者包括光电转换单元、射频能转换单元、温差能转换单元和振动能转换模块中的至少两者。光电转换单元用于将光能转换为电能。射频能转换单元用于将射频源发出的高频电磁波转换为电能。温差能转换单元用于利用热电半导体材料的温差电效应将热能转换为电能，例如温差发电器；或者基于热电材料，通过热电发生器将热能转化为电能。振动能转换单元用于将振动能转换为电能，例如利用晶体压电效应原理的压电晶体来实现振动能转换。微能量转换模块的能量的来源途径可包括环境光、振动、热量或射频等，射频能量来源于手机、移动基站、电梯信号基站、Wifi、蓝牙等，射频信号覆盖密度大，可随时作为能量收集的来源。In some embodiments, the micro energy conversion module includes a photoelectric conversion unit, a radio frequency energy conversion unit, a thermoelectric energy conversion unit or a vibration energy conversion module, or includes a photoelectric conversion unit, a radio frequency energy conversion unit, a thermoelectric energy conversion unit and a vibration energy conversion module At least two of the The photoelectric conversion unit is used to convert light energy into electrical energy. The radio frequency energy conversion unit is used to convert the high frequency electromagnetic wave emitted by the radio frequency source into electrical energy. The thermoelectric energy conversion unit is used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy by utilizing the thermoelectric effect of thermoelectric semiconductor materials, such as a thermoelectric generator; or based on thermoelectric materials, convert thermal energy into electrical energy through a thermoelectric generator. The vibration energy conversion unit is used to convert vibration energy into electrical energy, for example, a piezoelectric crystal based on the crystal piezoelectric effect principle is used to realize vibration energy conversion. The energy sources of the micro energy conversion module can include ambient light, vibration, heat or radio frequency, etc. The radio frequency energy comes from mobile phones, mobile base stations, elevator signal base stations, Wifi, Bluetooth, etc. The radio frequency signal has a large coverage density and can be used as energy collection at any time origin of.
微能量转换模块可以收集太阳能、射频能、温差能、振动能中至少一者作为能量源转换成电能，输出到电源管理单元。由于微能量转换模块转换得到的电能是微弱的，而主控芯片和射频识别标签模块需要稳定的电压(通常是1.8V～4.2V)，因此需要通过电源管理单元进行升压转换得到两路稳定电压，一路电压为主控芯片供电，另一路电压为射频识别标签模块供电。当微能量转换模块转换的电能充足时(白天太阳光较强时)，储能单元将多余的电能储存起来，在微能量转换模块转换的电能不足时(夜晚没有太阳光时)，储能单元将储存的电能输出到电源管理单元，以保证对主控芯片和射频识别标签模块的持续供电。储能单元可采用超级电容或可充电电池。电源管理单元可采用现有的电源管理芯片。The micro-energy conversion module can collect at least one of solar energy, radio frequency energy, temperature difference energy, and vibration energy as an energy source and convert it into electrical energy, which is output to the power management unit. Since the electric energy converted by the micro-energy conversion module is weak, and the main control chip and the RFID tag module need a stable voltage (usually 1.8V ~ 4.2V), it is necessary to perform boost conversion through the power management unit to obtain two stable voltages. Voltage, one voltage supplies power to the main control chip, and the other voltage supplies power to the radio frequency identification tag module. When the electric energy converted by the micro-energy conversion module is sufficient (when the sunlight is strong during the day), the energy storage unit stores the excess electric energy; when the electric energy converted by the micro-energy conversion module is insufficient (when there is no sunlight at night), the energy storage unit The stored electric energy is output to the power management unit to ensure continuous power supply to the main control chip and the radio frequency identification tag module. The energy storage unit can use a supercapacitor or a rechargeable battery. The power management unit can adopt an existing power management chip.
参照图1，射频识别标签模块包括收发天线、射频电路单元、逻辑控制单元以及存储单元。存储单元包括用于存储感知数据以及用于标识无源物联网感知标签的身份信息。收发天线用于接收外部的读写器模块发送的射频信号，射频电路单元用于根据收发天线接收的射频信号进行转换和解调，逻辑控制单元用于根据射频电路单元解调得到的信号从存储单元读取感知数据返回到射频电路单元，射频电路单元将感知数据调制后加载到收发天线，通过收发天线将调制的感知数据回发给外部的读写器模块。Referring to FIG. 1 , the radio frequency identification tag module includes a transceiver antenna, a radio frequency circuit unit, a logic control unit and a storage unit. The storage unit includes identity information for storing sensing data and identifying the passive IoT sensing tag. The transceiver antenna is used to receive the radio frequency signal sent by the external reader module. The radio frequency circuit unit is used to convert and demodulate the radio frequency signal received by the transceiver antenna. The unit reads the sensing data and returns it to the radio frequency circuit unit. The radio frequency circuit unit modulates the sensing data and loads it to the transceiver antenna, and sends the modulated sensing data back to the external reader module through the transceiver antenna.
图2为本申请实施例提供的主控芯片与射频识别标签模块和传感模块之间的数据交互示意图。如图2所示，射频识别标签模块的存储单元包括用户区和身份信息区，身份信息区用于存储身份信息，该身份信息用于标识无源物联网感知标签的身份。用户区用于存储感知数据和配置信息，用户区存储的配置信息包括传输频率、传输功率、上传频次及其它属性信息。在数据交互过程中，传感模块将得到的感知数据(温度、湿度、倾斜姿态度、角度等信息)输出到主控芯片。主控芯片将感知数据传递至射频识别标签模块的存储单元进行存储。上传感知数据时，主控芯片通过与射频识别标签模块连接的硬件接口读取射频识别标签模块的存储单元的身份信息，通过主控芯片的通信单元以无线传输方式上传感知数据和身份信息到远程主站。对于主控芯片上传感知数据的频率、功率、频次等信息可以通过射频识别标签模块进行更新设置。具体为，射频识别标签模块在接收到含有配置信息(传输频率、传输功率、上传频次)的射频信号时，根据射频信号中的配置信息更新用户区存储的配置信息，在配置信息更新完成时向主控芯片发送触发更新信号；主控芯片在接收到触发更新信号时，通过硬件接口回读射频识别标签模块的用户区的配置信息，根据回读的配置信息中的传输频率、传输功率和上传频次，对通信单元上传感知数据的传输频率、传输功率和上传频次进行更新设置。基于主控芯片与射频识别标签模块之间的数据交互方式，通过射频识别即可实现对无源物联网感知标签以无线传输方式上传感知数据的相关配置，提高操作的便利性，且无需在主控芯片上预留硬件调试接口，可提高无源物联网感知标签整机外壳的防护性。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of data interaction between the main control chip and the radio frequency identification tag module and the sensor module provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2, the storage unit of the radio frequency identification tag module includes a user area and an identity information area, the identity information area is used to store identity information, and the identity information is used to identify the identity of the passive Internet of Things sensing tag. The user area is used to store sensing data and configuration information, and the configuration information stored in the user area includes transmission frequency, transmission power, upload frequency and other attribute information. During the data interaction process, the sensing module outputs the obtained sensing data (information such as temperature, humidity, tilt attitude, angle, etc.) to the main control chip. The main control chip transmits the sensing data to the storage unit of the radio frequency identification tag module for storage. When uploading sensing data, the main control chip reads the identity information of the storage unit of the radio frequency identification tag module through the hardware interface connected to the radio frequency identification tag module, and uploads the sensing data and identity information to the remote through the communication unit of the main control chip by wireless transmission. Main site. Information such as the frequency, power, and frequency of the sensing data uploaded by the main control chip can be updated and set through the radio frequency identification tag module. Specifically, when the radio frequency identification tag module receives a radio frequency signal containing configuration information (transmission frequency, transmission power, upload frequency), it updates the configuration information stored in the user area according to the configuration information in the radio frequency signal, and sends The main control chip sends a trigger update signal; when the main control chip receives the trigger update signal, it reads back the configuration information of the user area of the RFID tag module through the hardware interface, and according to the transmission frequency, transmission power and upload Frequency, to update and set the transmission frequency, transmission power and upload frequency of the communication unit to upload the sensing data. Based on the data interaction mode between the main control chip and the radio frequency identification tag module, through radio frequency identification, the relevant configuration of uploading the sensing data to the passive IoT sensing tag through wireless transmission can be realized, which improves the convenience of operation and does not need to be connected to the main The hardware debugging interface is reserved on the control chip, which can improve the protection of the passive IoT sensing tag machine shell.
本申请实施例提供了一种超低功耗、微型化、中远距离、无需电池的物联网感知标签，集成多种不同传感功能的传感单元，具有环境感知功能。同时，射频识别标签模块存储了通信单元所需的配置信息，外部读写器模块更新射频识别标签模块的配置信息后，可触发主控芯片获取配置信息，并完成通信单元配置更新；通信单元用于将主控芯片采集的感知数据和从射频模块获取身份信息一并回传到后台，便于后台管理数据。现有的电子标签在不增加传感功能时灵敏度在-24dBm，根据自由空间下电波传播的损耗Los＝32.44+20lgd(Km)+20lg f(MHz)Los公式，在读写器发射功率EIRP＝36dBm时，采用915MHz频率通信，-24dBm灵敏度下，可支撑标签通信距离约30m，若增加传感功能，由于功耗增加，灵敏度会降低到-13dBm左右，直接导致通信距离减少到8m，极大缩减了标签识别距离。本申请实施例的源物联网感知标签，通过微取能模块收集外界的微弱能量将其转化为电能，为主控芯片和射频识别标签模块供电，可以维持标签原有-24dBm的灵敏度，并保持标签识别距离不缩减，在读写器发射功率EIRP＝36dBm时，对标签的读取距离可达30m。相对于现有的有源标签通过降低通信频次来延长使用时间，本申请通过微取能模块持续为标签供能，可以提升通信频次及时上传感知数据，且无需更换电池，降低设备维护成本、延长设备使用寿命。The embodiment of the present application provides an ultra-low power consumption, miniaturized, medium-to-long distance, battery-free IoT sensing tag, which integrates a variety of sensing units with different sensing functions, and has an environment sensing function. At the same time, the radio frequency identification tag module stores the configuration information required by the communication unit. After the external reader module updates the configuration information of the radio frequency identification tag module, it can trigger the main control chip to obtain the configuration information and complete the communication unit configuration update; the communication unit uses It is used to return the sensing data collected by the main control chip and the identity information obtained from the radio frequency module to the background, so as to facilitate data management in the background. The sensitivity of existing electronic tags is -24dBm when no sensing function is added. According to the loss of radio wave propagation in free space Los=32.44+20lgd(Km)+20lg f(MHz)Los formula, the transmitting power of the reader EIRP= At 36dBm, 915MHz frequency communication is used, and at -24dBm sensitivity, it can support the tag communication distance of about 30m. If the sensing function is added, the sensitivity will decrease to about -13dBm due to the increase in power consumption, which will directly reduce the communication distance to 8m, which is extremely large. Reduced tag recognition distance. The source IoT sensing tag of the embodiment of the present application collects the weak energy from the outside world through the micro energy harvesting module and converts it into electrical energy, which supplies power for the main control chip and the radio frequency identification tag module, which can maintain the original sensitivity of -24dBm of the tag, and keep The identification distance of the tag is not reduced, and the reading distance of the tag can reach 30m when the transmitting power of the reader is EIRP=36dBm. Compared with the existing active tags that extend the use time by reducing the frequency of communication, this application uses the micro-energy-taking module to continuously supply energy to the tag, which can increase the frequency of communication and upload sensing data in a timely manner without replacing the battery, reducing equipment maintenance costs and prolonging the life of the tag. Equipment service life.
图3为本申请实施例提供的物联网感知系统的框图。如图3所示，本实施例提供一种物联网感知系统，包括：无源物联网感知标签、移动终端、汇集节点和远程主站。无源物联网感知标签包括主控芯片、传感模块、射频识别标签模块以及微取能模块，主控芯片包括通信单元和硬件接口，射频识别标签模块和传感模块通过主控芯片的硬件接口与主控芯片连接。传感模块包括多种不同传感功能的传感单元，用于感知环境信息得到多种感知数据，将感知数据传递到主控芯片。主控芯片用于通过通信单元将感知数据上传到汇集节点，通过汇集节点上传到远程主站，同时主控芯片通过硬件接口将感知数据传递至射频识别标签模块进行存储。射频识别标签模块用于存储感知数据，以射频识别方式提供存储的感知数据。微取能模块用于收集外界的微能量并转换成电能，为主控芯片、传感模块和射频识别标签模块供电。移动终端包括射频识别的读写器模块，用于以射频识别方式从射频识别标签模块读取感知数据。Fig. 3 is a block diagram of an IoT sensing system provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3 , this embodiment provides an IoT sensing system, including: a passive IoT sensing tag, a mobile terminal, a converging node, and a remote master station. Passive IoT sensing tags include a main control chip, a sensing module, a radio frequency identification tag module, and a micro energy harvesting module. The main control chip includes a communication unit and a hardware interface. The radio frequency identification tag module and the sensing module pass through the hardware interface of the main control chip Connect with the main control chip. The sensing module includes a variety of sensing units with different sensing functions, which are used to sense environmental information to obtain a variety of sensing data, and transmit the sensing data to the main control chip. The main control chip is used to upload the sensing data to the collection node through the communication unit, and upload it to the remote master station through the collection node. At the same time, the main control chip transmits the sensing data to the radio frequency identification tag module through the hardware interface for storage. The radio frequency identification tag module is used for storing the sensing data, and provides the stored sensing data in the form of radio frequency identification. The micro energy harvesting module is used to collect micro energy from the outside and convert it into electrical energy to supply power for the main control chip, sensing module and radio frequency identification tag module. The mobile terminal includes a radio frequency identification reader module for reading sensing data from the radio frequency identification tag module in a radio frequency identification manner.
无源物联网感知标签的微能量转换模块包括光电转换单元、射频能转换单元、温差能转换单元或振动能转换模块，或者包括光电转换单元、射频能转换单元、温差能转换单元和振动能转换模块中的至少两者。光电转换单元用于将光能转换为电能。射频能转换单元用于将射频源发出的高频电磁波转换为电能。温差能转换单元用于利用热电半导体材料的温差电效应将热能转换为电能，例如温差发电器；或者基于热电材料，通过热电发生器将热能转化为电能。振动能转换单元用于将振动能转换为电能，例如利用晶体压电效应原理的压电晶体来实现振动能转换。微能量转换模块的能量的来源途径可包括环境光、振动、热量或射频等，射频能量来源于手机、移动基站、电梯信号基站、Wifi、蓝牙等，射频信号覆盖密度大，可随时作为能量收集的来源。微能量转换模块可以收集太阳能、射频能、温差能、振动能中至少一者作为能量源转换成电能，输出到电源管理单元。由于微能量转换模块转换得到的电能是微弱的，而主控芯片和射频识别标签模块需要稳定的电压，因此需要通过电源管理单元进行升压转换得到两路稳定电压，一路电压为主控芯片供电，另一路电压为射频识别标签模块供电。当微能量转换模块转换的电能充足时(白天太阳光较强时)，储能单元将多余的电能储存起来，在微能量转换模块转换的电能不足时(夜晚没有太阳光时)，储能单元将储存的电能输出到电源管理单元，以保证对主控芯片和射频识别标签模块的持续供电。The micro-energy conversion module of the passive Internet of Things sensing tag includes a photoelectric conversion unit, a radio frequency energy conversion unit, a thermoelectric energy conversion unit, or a vibration energy conversion module, or includes a photoelectric conversion unit, a radio frequency energy conversion unit, a thermoelectric energy conversion unit, and a vibration energy conversion module. At least two of the modules. The photoelectric conversion unit is used to convert light energy into electrical energy. The radio frequency energy conversion unit is used to convert the high frequency electromagnetic wave emitted by the radio frequency source into electrical energy. The thermoelectric energy conversion unit is used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy by utilizing the thermoelectric effect of thermoelectric semiconductor materials, such as a thermoelectric generator; or based on thermoelectric materials, convert thermal energy into electrical energy through a thermoelectric generator. The vibration energy conversion unit is used to convert vibration energy into electrical energy, for example, a piezoelectric crystal based on the crystal piezoelectric effect principle is used to realize vibration energy conversion. The energy sources of the micro energy conversion module can include ambient light, vibration, heat or radio frequency, etc. The radio frequency energy comes from mobile phones, mobile base stations, elevator signal base stations, Wifi, Bluetooth, etc. The radio frequency signal has a large coverage density and can be used as energy collection at any time origin of. The micro-energy conversion module can collect at least one of solar energy, radio frequency energy, temperature difference energy, and vibration energy as an energy source and convert it into electrical energy, which is output to the power management unit. Since the electric energy converted by the micro-energy conversion module is weak, and the main control chip and the RFID tag module need a stable voltage, it is necessary to perform boost conversion through the power management unit to obtain two stable voltages, and one voltage is the power supply for the main control chip. , and the other voltage supplies power to the radio frequency identification tag module. When the electric energy converted by the micro-energy conversion module is sufficient (when the sunlight is strong during the day), the energy storage unit stores the excess electric energy; when the electric energy converted by the micro-energy conversion module is insufficient (when there is no sunlight at night), the energy storage unit The stored electric energy is output to the power management unit to ensure continuous power supply to the main control chip and the radio frequency identification tag module.
射频识别标签模块包括收发天线、射频电路单元、逻辑控制单元以及存储单元。存储单元包括用于存储感知数据以及用于标识无源物联网感知标签的身份信息。收发天线接收移动终端的读写器模块发送的射频信号，射频电路单元根据收发天线接收的射频信号进行转换和解调，逻辑控制单元根据射频电路单元解调得到的信号从存储单元读取感知数据返回到射频电路单元，射频电路单元将感知数据调制后加载到收发天线，通过收发天线将调制的感知数据回发给移动终端的读写器模块，从而实现无源物联网感知标签与移动终端之间的射频通信。The radio frequency identification label module includes a transceiver antenna, a radio frequency circuit unit, a logic control unit and a storage unit. The storage unit includes identity information for storing sensing data and identifying the passive IoT sensing tag. The transceiver antenna receives the radio frequency signal sent by the reader module of the mobile terminal, the radio frequency circuit unit converts and demodulates the radio frequency signal received by the transceiver antenna, and the logic control unit reads the sensing data from the storage unit according to the signal demodulated by the radio frequency circuit unit Returning to the radio frequency circuit unit, the radio frequency circuit unit modulates the sensing data and loads it to the transceiver antenna, and sends the modulated sensing data back to the reader module of the mobile terminal through the transceiver antenna, thereby realizing the communication between the passive IoT sensing tag and the mobile terminal. radio frequency communication.
无源物联网感知标签的射频识别标签模块的存储单元包括用户区和身份信息区，身份信息区用于存储身份信息，该身份信息用于标识无源物联网感知标签的身份。用户区用于存储感知数据和配置信息，用户区存储的配置信息包括传输频率、传输功率、上传频次及其它属性信息。在数据交互过程中，传感模块将得到的感知数据(温度、湿度、倾斜姿态度、角度等信息)输出到主控芯片。主控芯片将感知数据传递至射频识别标签模块的存储单元进行存储。上传感知数据时，主控芯片通过与射频识别标签模块连接的硬件接口读取射频识别标签模块的存储单元的身份信息，通过主控芯片的通信单元以无线传输方式上传感知数据和身份信息到汇集节点，汇集节点将接收到的感知数据和身份信息上传至远程主站。对于主控芯片上传感知数据的频率、功率、频次等信息可以通过射频识别标签模块进行更新设置。具体为，移动终端的读写器模块发送含有配置信息的射频信号。射频识别标签模块在接收到含有配置信息(传输频率、传输功率、上传频次)的射频信号时，根据射频信号中的配置信息更新用户区存储的配置信息，在配置信息更新完成时向主控芯片发送触发更新信号；主控芯片在接收到触发更新信号时，通过硬件接口回读射频识别标签模块的用户区的配置信息，根据回读的配置信息中的传输频率、传输功率和上传频次，对通信单元上传感知数据的传输频率、传输功率和上传频次进行更新设置。基于主控芯片与射频识别标签模块之间的数据交互方式，移动终端通过射频识别将配置信息传递给射频识别标签模块，即可实现对无源物联网感知标签以无线传输方式上传感知数据的相关配置，无需在主控芯片上预留硬件调试接口，无需在远程主站进行远程设置，提高操作的便利性。The storage unit of the radio frequency identification tag module of the passive Internet of Things sensing tag includes a user area and an identity information area, the identity information area is used to store identity information, and the identity information is used to identify the identity of the passive Internet of Things sensing tag. The user area is used to store sensing data and configuration information, and the configuration information stored in the user area includes transmission frequency, transmission power, upload frequency and other attribute information. During the data interaction process, the sensing module outputs the obtained sensing data (information such as temperature, humidity, tilt attitude, angle, etc.) to the main control chip. The main control chip transmits the sensing data to the storage unit of the radio frequency identification tag module for storage. When uploading sensing data, the main control chip reads the identity information of the storage unit of the radio frequency identification tag module through the hardware interface connected to the radio frequency identification tag module, and uploads the sensing data and identity information to the collection through the communication unit of the main control chip through wireless transmission. Node, the collection node uploads the received sensing data and identity information to the remote master station. Information such as the frequency, power, and frequency of the sensing data uploaded by the main control chip can be updated and set through the radio frequency identification tag module. Specifically, the reader module of the mobile terminal sends a radio frequency signal containing configuration information. When the radio frequency identification tag module receives a radio frequency signal containing configuration information (transmission frequency, transmission power, upload frequency), it updates the configuration information stored in the user area according to the configuration information in the radio frequency signal, and sends a message to the main control chip when the configuration information update is completed. Send a trigger update signal; when the main control chip receives the trigger update signal, it reads back the configuration information of the user area of the radio frequency identification tag module through the hardware interface, according to the transmission frequency, transmission power and upload frequency in the configuration information read back. The transmission frequency, transmission power and upload frequency of the communication unit uploading the sensing data are updated and set. Based on the data interaction mode between the main control chip and the radio frequency identification tag module, the mobile terminal transmits the configuration information to the radio frequency identification tag module through radio frequency identification, and can realize the correlation of the sensory data uploaded by the passive IoT sensing tag through wireless transmission. Configuration, no need to reserve a hardware debugging interface on the main control chip, and no need to perform remote settings on the remote master station, which improves the convenience of operation.
本申请的物联网感知系统，通过无源物联网感知标签采集环境信息，并作为该数据采集点的标识，移动终端(本地用户)以射频识别方式读取无源物联网感知标签采集的环境信息，无需联网访问远程主站，在本地及时发现问题，从而及时解决问题。此外，本系统的无源物联网感知标签通过微取能模块收集外界的微弱能量将其转化为电能，为主控芯片和射频识别标签模块持续供电，可以在射频传输大量感知数据的情况下维持标签原有的灵敏度，并保持标签识别距离不缩减，可降低设备维护成本。The Internet of Things sensing system of the present application collects environmental information through passive Internet of Things sensing tags, and as the identification of the data collection point, the mobile terminal (local user) reads the environmental information collected by the passive Internet of Things sensing tags through radio frequency identification , there is no need to access the remote master station through the Internet, and the problem can be found locally in time, so as to solve the problem in time. In addition, the passive IoT sensing tag of this system collects the weak energy from the outside world through the micro energy harvesting module and converts it into electrical energy, which continuously supplies power to the main control chip and the radio frequency identification tag module, which can be maintained under the condition of radio frequency transmission of a large amount of sensing data. The original sensitivity of the tag, and keeping the tag recognition distance without reducing, can reduce equipment maintenance costs.
图4为本申请实施例提供的无源物联网感知标签的应用示例图。如图4所示，无源物联网感知标签应用于输电线路的场景，由于输电杆塔大部分安装在偏僻山区，缺乏及时的人工管理，而输电杆塔承载相邻两塔电线的重力，对倾斜变形非常敏感，对地基的沉降要求也高。在恶劣天气条件下，输电杆塔容易倾斜变形，可能直接导致杆塔倾覆事故，影响电力输送。为了消除杆塔安全隐患，避免出现倾斜、倒塌等危及安全的事件发生，将无源物联网感知标签安装到输电杆塔上，用于标识输电杆塔的身份信息、监测输电杆塔的倾斜姿态和环境信息，有效的解决输电杆塔姿态监测困难。在每个输电杆塔上安装用于感知倾角姿态的无源物联网感知标签，对输电杆塔的倾斜姿态进行监测，对应输电杆塔的标签可周期性的上传监测数据到汇集节点，通过汇集节点上传到远程主站，便于后台管理监测信息。由于电力维修人员需要定期对输电杆塔进行移动巡检时，在巡检时电力维修人员通过具有读写器模块的移动终端以射频识别方式获取标签中存储的倾斜角度、环境信息等数据，无需访问远程主站(通常偏僻山区的网络性能不好，从远程主站获取数据的速度非常慢)即可及时了解输电杆塔的状况，从而有针对性的对杆塔进行防风加固工作，提高供电线路和设备的安全性。同时，电力维修人员还可以通过移动终端以射频识别方式更新标签上传数据的频率、功率、频次等信息，无需远程主站采用特定通信协议来对标签进行远程配置。Fig. 4 is an application example diagram of the passive Internet of Things sensing tag provided by the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 4, passive IoT sensing tags are applied to transmission lines. Since most of the transmission towers are installed in remote mountainous areas, there is a lack of timely manual management, and the transmission towers bear the gravity of the wires of two adjacent towers. It is very sensitive and has high requirements on the settlement of the foundation. Under severe weather conditions, transmission towers are prone to tilt and deformation, which may directly lead to tower overturning accidents and affect power transmission. In order to eliminate potential safety hazards of towers and avoid safety-threatening events such as tilting and collapse, passive IoT sensing tags are installed on transmission towers to identify the identity information of transmission towers and monitor the tilting posture and environmental information of transmission towers. Effectively solve the difficulty of attitude monitoring of transmission towers. Install a passive IoT sensing tag on each transmission tower to sense the inclination attitude, and monitor the inclination attitude of the transmission tower. The tag corresponding to the transmission tower can periodically upload monitoring data to the collection node, and upload it to The remote master station is convenient for background management and monitoring information. When electric power maintenance personnel need to carry out mobile inspections on transmission towers on a regular basis, during inspections, electric power maintenance personnel use mobile terminals with reader modules to obtain data such as inclination angles and environmental information stored in tags by means of radio frequency identification, without access The remote master station (usually the network performance in remote mountainous areas is not good, and the speed of obtaining data from the remote master station is very slow) can keep abreast of the status of the transmission tower, so as to carry out targeted windproof reinforcement work on the tower, improve power supply lines and equipment. security. At the same time, power maintenance personnel can also update the frequency, power, frequency and other information of the data uploaded by the tag by means of radio frequency identification through the mobile terminal, without the need for the remote master station to use a specific communication protocol to remotely configure the tag.
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。本申请实施例中的方案可以采用各种计算机语言实现，例如，面向对象的程序设计语言Java和直译式脚本语言JavaScript等。Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein. The solutions in the embodiments of the present application can be realized by using various computer languages, for example, the object-oriented programming language Java and the literal translation scripting language JavaScript.
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。The present application is described with reference to flowcharts and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each procedure and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram, and a combination of procedures and/or blocks in the flowchart and/or block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or processor of other programmable data processing equipment to produce a machine such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing equipment produce a An apparatus for realizing the functions specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions The device realizes the function specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby The instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow chart or blocks of the flowchart and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.
尽管已描述了本申请的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。While preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional changes and modifications to these embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art once the basic inventive concept is appreciated. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to cover the preferred embodiment and all changes and modifications which fall within the scope of the application.
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. In this way, if these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117939424A (en)* | 2023-08-22 | 2024-04-26 | 南方电网数字电网研究院股份有限公司 | RF powered wireless sensing device |
| CN118906657A (en)* | 2024-07-24 | 2024-11-08 | 厦门汉印股份有限公司 | Consumable identification device and equipment |
| CN119538960A (en)* | 2025-01-22 | 2025-02-28 | 安徽网谱智能科技有限公司 | Low-power RFID group scanning system based on energy harvesting and backscattering technology |
| CN119787637A (en)* | 2024-12-31 | 2025-04-08 | 江西瑞摩特智能科技有限公司 | Micro-energy acquisition supervision regulation and control method and system based on data analysis |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117939424A (en)* | 2023-08-22 | 2024-04-26 | 南方电网数字电网研究院股份有限公司 | RF powered wireless sensing device |
| CN118906657A (en)* | 2024-07-24 | 2024-11-08 | 厦门汉印股份有限公司 | Consumable identification device and equipment |
| CN119787637A (en)* | 2024-12-31 | 2025-04-08 | 江西瑞摩特智能科技有限公司 | Micro-energy acquisition supervision regulation and control method and system based on data analysis |
| CN119787637B (en)* | 2024-12-31 | 2025-06-27 | 江西瑞摩特智能科技有限公司 | Micro-energy acquisition supervision regulation and control method and system based on data analysis |
| CN119538960A (en)* | 2025-01-22 | 2025-02-28 | 安徽网谱智能科技有限公司 | Low-power RFID group scanning system based on energy harvesting and backscattering technology |
| CN119538960B (en)* | 2025-01-22 | 2025-04-15 | 安徽网谱智能科技有限公司 | Low-power-consumption RFID group scanning system based on energy collection and backscattering technology |
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