CN116209596A - Method for operating an electrically propellable motor vehicle and electrically propellable motor vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating an electrically drivable motor vehicle (1) which has a high-voltage battery (12) and a low-voltage battery (14) and can be driven autonomously. In the parked state of the motor vehicle (1), the state of charge of the battery (14) is monitored at least from a minimum parking duration. When a limit value for the parameter defined for the state of charge is reached, the motor vehicle (1) autonomously travels to a charging station (30) in order to charge the low-voltage battery (14) there again.

Description

Translated fromChinese

用于运行可电气驱动的机动车的方法以及可电气驱动的机动车Method for operating an electrically drivable motor vehicle and electrically drivable machineEMU

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种用于运行可电气驱动的机动车的方法以及可电气驱动的机动车本身。The invention relates to a method for operating an electrically propellable motor vehicle and the electrically propellable motor vehicle itself.

背景技术Background technique

机动车在此应具有高压电池和低压电池，并且还应设计成自主行驶。它可以是插电式混合动力车或者纯电动行驶。The motor vehicle should have a high-voltage battery and a low-voltage battery and should also be designed to drive autonomously. It can be a plug-in hybrid or purely electric.

高压电池被用作用于电气行驶的牵引电池，而低压电池的任务是为机动车中的消耗器(如尤其是其控制器)供应以电能。这些消耗器也具有静态电流消耗，因此低压电池在较长的停车持续时间中放电。一方面，控制器消耗能量以管控或者管理机动车。车主也可以例如在智能手机上对车辆进行查询，这在那里也导致能量消耗。有可能的是，车辆甚至在其位于停车区中时进行维修和/或清洁，并且在此消耗能量。The high-voltage battery is used as the traction battery for electric driving, while the low-voltage battery has the task of supplying consumers in the motor vehicle, such as in particular its controller, with electrical energy. These consumers also have a static current draw, so that the low-voltage battery is discharged during longer periods of parking. On the one hand, the controller consumes energy to control or manage the motor vehicle. The vehicle owner can also carry out inquiries about the vehicle, for example on a smartphone, which also leads to energy consumption there. It is possible for the vehicle to be serviced and/or cleaned even while it is in the parking area, and energy is consumed there.

本发明尤其涉及机动车的长期停放领域。例如，应至少达到约55天的停车时间。车主在停车场入口处交出自动行驶车辆，并且自动行驶车辆自动驶向停车位。这也被称为(自动化的)“代客泊车”。The invention relates in particular to the field of long-term parking of motor vehicles. For example, at least about 55 days of parking should be achieved. The owner surrenders the self-driving vehicle at the entrance of the parking lot, and the self-driving vehicle automatically drives to the parking space. This is also known as (automated) "valet parking".

DE 10 2015 201 205中已知一种用于优化使用停车区域的代客泊车系统，在其中，针对车辆在现场依据高压电池确定相应的剩余行驶里程，并且根据此进行停车位分配。必要时，车辆在停车持续时间期间也会在此期间被移动停放。在规划的取车时间之前，车辆自主地驶向充电站，以便车主找到其高压电池充满电的车辆。DE 10 2015 201 205 discloses a valet parking system for optimizing the use of parking areas, in which a corresponding remaining range is determined on-site for a vehicle on the basis of a high-voltage battery, and a parking space is assigned based on this. If necessary, the vehicle is also moved and parked during the parking duration. Before the scheduled pick-up time, the vehicle drives autonomously to the charging station so that the owner can find the vehicle with its high-voltage battery fully charged.

根据DE 10 2016 217 768 B4，在电动车辆停放时激活其内燃机，以对高压电池进行充电。According toDE 10 2016 217 768 B4, the internal combustion engine of an electric vehicle is activated while it is parked in order to charge the high-voltage battery.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的任务是改善可电气驱动的和自主行驶的机动车中的长期停放。The object of the present invention is to improve long-term parking in electrically driveable and autonomous motor vehicles.

该任务由此来解决：在机动车停放的状态下，至少从最小停放持续时间起监测低压电池的充电状态并且在达到针对充电状态限定的参量(电压、剩余运行时间等)的极限值时，机动车自主地行驶到充电站，以便在那里至少间接地对低压电池进行充电。This task is solved by monitoring the state of charge of the low-voltage battery at least from a minimum parking duration when the motor vehicle is parked and when reaching limit values of parameters (voltage, remaining operating time, etc.) defined for the state of charge, The motor vehicle drives autonomously to a charging station in order to charge the low-voltage battery at least indirectly there.

本发明的优点是，即使在停放持续时间特别长的情况下，机动车也保持能运行。The invention has the advantage that the motor vehicle remains operable even when parked for a particularly long period of time.

根据一个实施例，低压电池间接经由高压电池进行充电(为此，存在直流电压-直流电压-转换器，DC/DC转换器)。因此，如往常一样，只需要一种类型的充电站，即用于高压电池的充电站。According to one embodiment, the low-voltage battery is charged indirectly via the high-voltage battery (for this there is a direct voltage-to-direct voltage converter, a DC/DC converter). Therefore, as usual, only one type of charging station is required, namely for the high-voltage battery.

在本发明的一个实施例中，机动车自动与充电站对接，因此在充电站处在现场不需要人员。当然，一方面在机动车处且另一方面在充电站处为此应设置互补的插接系统。除了导电的耦合，其他类型的耦合也是可能的，尤其是可以存在感应耦合。(充电站包括必要时嵌入在地面中或集成到墙壁中的感应圈或类似物)。In one embodiment of the invention, the motor vehicle is automatically docked with the charging station, so no personnel are required on site at the charging station. Of course, complementary plug-in systems should be provided for this purpose on the one hand at the motor vehicle and on the other hand at the charging station. Besides conductive coupling, other types of coupling are also possible, in particular inductive coupling can exist. (The charging station includes induction loops or the like embedded if necessary in the ground or integrated into the wall).

根据一个实施例，机动车确定其自己的位置并(尤其是借助于现有的导航系统)驶向最近的充电站。According to one embodiment, the motor vehicle determines its own position and drives (in particular with the aid of an existing navigation system) to the nearest charging station.

备选地，停车设施的运营者(尤其是安装在那里的计算机系统)可以为机动车分配充电站。机动车与停车设施的相应装置进行通信，并且因此接收关于充电站位置的信息。Alternatively, the operator of the parking facility (in particular the computer system installed there) can assign charging stations to the motor vehicles. The motor vehicle communicates with corresponding devices of the parking facility and thus receives information about the location of the charging station.

此外备选地，(例如在不同情况下)可以设置成，机动车驶向一组偏爱的充电站中的充电站。如果充电状态允许这并且车辆的车主的时间规划也允许这(这依据在车主、尤其是其智能手机中和在机动车中的耦合日历系统进行获取)，则尤其可以驶向远程的充电站。Furthermore, alternatively (for example in different cases) it can be provided that the motor vehicle drives to a charging station from a group of preferred charging stations. If the state of charge permits this and the time plan of the vehicle owner also permits this (which is captured on the basis of the coupled calendar system in the owner, in particular in his smartphone and in the motor vehicle), it is especially possible to drive to a remote charging station.

在一个实施例中，车辆在充电后返回到先前占用的停车位上。由此对车主而言可以特别容易再次找到。备选地可以设置成，机动车搜索新的停车位(其对于机动车的车主而言是尽可能适合的)，并且行驶到其上。它可能是这样的停车位，其之前被占用，但作为多个主停车位之一或甚至作为唯一的主停车位在机动车中登记(例如在机动车的存储单元中或在相关的互联网门户网站上)。此外备选地，机动车驶向由停车场运营者分配给其的停车位(“物流”)。In one embodiment, the vehicle returns to the previously occupied parking space after charging. This makes it particularly easy for the owner to find again. Alternatively, it can be provided that the motor vehicle searches for a new parking space which is as suitable as possible for the owner of the motor vehicle and drives into it. It may be a parking space which was previously occupied but registered in the motor vehicle as one of several main parking spaces or even as the only main parking space (e.g. in the storage unit of the motor vehicle or on the relevant Internet portal on the website). Furthermore, alternatively, the motor vehicle drives to the parking space allocated to it by the parking lot operator (“logistics”).

根据本发明的方法尤其是在代客泊车的范围内来执行。在代客泊车的情况下，车主在行驶开始前总归将自主行驶的车辆叫到特定的位置，从而在此车辆具体停在哪里就不那么重要。然后，它可以离开停车位以进行充电，并且然后占据或多或少任意的其他停车位。The method according to the invention is carried out in particular in the context of valet parking. In the case of valet parking, the owner always calls the autonomous vehicle to a specific location before the drive begins, so that it is less important where the vehicle is parked. It can then leave the parking space to charge and then occupy more or less arbitrary other parking spaces.

本发明还涉及一种具有高压电池和低压电池的可电气驱动的机动车，该机动车设计成自主驾驶。它包括用于监测低压电池的充电状态的装置，并且设计成从停放状态出发在达到针对充电状态限定的参量的极限值时自主地行驶到充电站，以便在那里对低压电池进行充电。根据本发明的方法的优点同样适用于根据本发明的机动车。The invention also relates to an electrically propellable motor vehicle with a high-voltage battery and a low-voltage battery, which is designed to be driven autonomously. It includes a device for monitoring the state of charge of the low-voltage battery and is designed to drive autonomously from a parked state to a charging station when a limit value of a variable defined for the state of charge is reached, in order to charge the low-voltage battery there. The advantages of the method according to the invention also apply to the motor vehicle according to the invention.

在一个实施例中，机动车具有用于与电气充电站(可借助于电动机移动的插头、迷你机器人或类似物)自动对接的器件。备选的耦合器件以感应方式工作(机动车下面的充电板)。In one embodiment, the motor vehicle has means for automatic docking with an electrical charging station (plug movable by means of an electric motor, mini-robot or similar). An alternative coupling device works inductively (charging plate under the motor vehicle).

附图说明Description of drawings

本发明的另外的特征可以从以下的附图描述以及依据附图得出。上文在说明书中提到的特征和特征组合，以及下文在附图描述中和/或在附图中单独显示的特征和特征组合不仅可以在相应说明的组合中使用，而且还可以在其他组合中使用或单独使用，而不偏离本发明的范围。Further features of the invention can be derived from the following description of the figures and from the figures. The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description, as well as the features and feature combinations shown below in the description of the figures and/or individually in the figures, can not only be used in the respectively specified combination, but also in other combinations. used in or alone without departing from the scope of the present invention.

其中：in:

图1示意性地示出了在执行根据本发明的方法时根据本发明的机动车在典型情况下的一个实施形式；以及FIG. 1 schematically shows a typical embodiment of a motor vehicle according to the invention when carrying out the method according to the invention; and

图2示出了用于呈现根据本发明的方法的流程图。Figure 2 shows a flowchart for presenting the method according to the invention.

相同或功能相同的元件在图中设有相同的附图标记。Identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

在图1中整体标记为1的机动车处于停车位2上，它包括高压电池12和低压电池14以及用于与充电站对接的装置18，所述高压电池和低压电池经由机动车中的DC/DC转换器16耦合。机动车1的中央控制单元20与用于无线通信的器件22耦合，尤其是用于获取经由WLAN、

移动无线电或类似方式提供的信息。控制单元20检测低压电池14的充电状态，并且由此计算出一参量。(要么直接得出电压，要么得出剩余运行时间或类似物)。如果低于该参量的极限值(或者，在其他限定有逆参量的情况下，如果超过极限值)，则机动车1自动开始从停车位2运动到充电站30。在那里，装置18自动与充电站30处的配对件32对接。在此，本身首先对高压电池12进行充电，但随后也经由DC/DC转换器16对低压电池14进行充电。如果充电过程完成，则机动车1原则上可以返回到原来的停车位2。然而在图1中阐明，它驶向新的停车位3，该停车位位于机动车1的车主的住所4附近，该住所可以通过经由器件22与车主的智能手机34通信来确定。新的停车位3备选地可以作为主停车位储存在机动车1中。在代客泊车的情况下，停车位选择就不那么重要。A motor vehicle, generally designated 1 in FIG. 1 , is located on a parking space 2 and comprises a high-voltage battery 12 and a low-voltage battery 14 as well as means 18 for interfacing with a charging station, said high-voltage battery and low-voltage battery being connected via DC in the motor vehicle. /DC converter 16 is coupled. Thecentral control unit 20 of themotor vehicle 1 is coupled to means 22 for wireless communication, in particular for acquiring information via WLAN,

Information provided by mobile radio or similar means.Control unit 20 detects the state of charge of low-voltage battery 14 and calculates a variable therefrom. (Either get the voltage directly, or get the remaining run time or similar). If the limit value of this variable is undershot (or, in other cases where an inverse variable is defined, if the limit value is exceeded),motor vehicle 1 automatically starts moving from parking space 2 to charging station 30 . There, thedevice 18 is automatically docked with acounterpart 32 at a charging station 30 . In this case, the high-voltage battery 12 itself is initially charged, but then the low-voltage battery 14 is also charged via the DC/DC converter 16 . Once the charging process is complete, themotor vehicle 1 can in principle return to the original parking space 2 . However, it is shown in FIG. 1 that it is heading towards a new parking space 3 , which is located near the residence 4 of the owner of themotor vehicle 1 , which residence can be determined by communicating with thesmartphone 34 of the owner via thedevice 22 . Alternatively, the new parking space 3 can be stored in themotor vehicle 1 as a main parking space. In the case of valet parking, parking space choice is less important.

代替驶向尽可能近的充电站30，机动车也可以驶向属于偏爱的组(例如，属于机动车1的车主与其存在合同关系的电力供应商)的其他充电站30'。Instead of driving to the closest possible charging station 30 , the motor vehicle can also drive to other charging stations 30 ′ belonging to a preferred group (eg belonging to an electricity supplier with which the owner of themotor vehicle 1 has a contractual relationship).

该方法包括：在步骤S10中检查低压电池14的充电状态是否可以通过如下数字来描述，该数字如此变化使得它实现超过极限值。如果不是这种情况，则继续进行检查。如果是这样，在步骤S12中，机动车1自主地驶向充电站。然后，在步骤S14中，它返回到停车位或驶向其他停车位。在那里它可以供进一步使用。该方法可以随着停车开始，但也可以在几天后才开始，如果可以预见这可能是长期停放。为此，在车辆中必要时运行一时钟。取而代之，该方法也可以从外部平台(互联网平台或类似物)进行无线控制。The method includes checking in a step S10 whether the state of charge of the low-voltage battery 14 can be described by a number that varies in such a way that it reaches a limit value. If this is not the case, proceed to check. If so, in stepS12 motor vehicle 1 drives autonomously to a charging station. Then, in step S14, it returns to the parking space or drives to another parking space. There it is available for further use. The method can start with the parking, but it can also start after a few days, if it can be foreseen that this may be a long-term parking. For this purpose, a clock is optionally run in the vehicle. Alternatively, the method can also be controlled wirelessly from an external platform (Internet platform or similar).

附图标记列表List of reference signs

1 机动车1 motor vehicle

2 停车位2 parking spaces

3 停车位3 parking spaces

4 机动车的车主的住所4 Residence of the owner of the motor vehicle

12高压电池12 high voltage battery

14低压电池14 low voltage battery

16DC/DC-转换器16DC/DC-converter

18用于对接的装置18 means for docking

20控制单元20 control unit

22用于无线通信的器件22 devices for wireless communication

30充电站30 charging stations

30'充电站30' charging station

32用于对接的装置18的配对件32 Mating piece for dockingdevice 18

34 智能手机34 smartphones

S10-S14 方法步骤S10-S14 method steps

Claims (10)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种用于运行可电气驱动的机动车(1)的方法，所述机动车具有高压电池(12)和低压电池(14)，并且设计成自主行驶，其中，在所述机动车(1)停放的状态下，至少从最小停放持续时间起监测所述低压电池(14)的充电状态并且在达到针对所述充电状态限定的参量的极限值时，所述机动车(1)自主地行驶到充电站(30)，以便在那里至少间接地负责所述低压电池(14)的充电。1. A method for operating an electrically propellable motor vehicle (1), which has a high-voltage battery (12) and a low-voltage battery (14) and is designed to run autonomously, wherein the motor vehicle ( 1) In the parked state, the state of charge of the low-voltage battery (14) is monitored at least from a minimum parking duration and when a limit value of a parameter defined for the state of charge is reached, the motor vehicle (1) autonomously Travel to a charging station (30) in order to charge the low-voltage battery (14) at least indirectly there.2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中，所述低压电池(14)间接经由所述高压电池(12)进行充电。2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the low voltage battery (14) is charged indirectly via the high voltage battery (12).3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，所述机动车(1)自动与所述充电站耦合。3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the motor vehicle (1) is automatically coupled to the charging station.4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述机动车确定其自己的位置并驶向最近的充电站(30)。4. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the motor vehicle determines its own position and drives to the nearest charging station (30).5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述机动车驶向一组偏爱的充电站中的充电站(30')。5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the motor vehicle drives towards a charging station (30') of a set of preferred charging stations.6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述机动车在充电后返回到先前占用的停车位(2)上。6. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the motor vehicle returns to the previously occupied parking space (2) after charging.7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述机动车在充电后行驶到如下停车位(3)上，所述停车位对所述机动车的车主而言是尽可能有利适合的或者由外部尤其是通过停车场运营者的系统预设。7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the motor vehicle is driven to a parking space (3) after charging, which is a parking space for the owner of the motor vehicle It may be advantageously adapted or preset externally, in particular by a system of the parking lot operator.8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其在代客泊车(代客停车)的范围内来执行。8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, performed within the scope of valet parking (valet parking).9.一种可电气驱动的机动车(1)，其具有高压电池(12)和低压电池(14)，并且设计成自主行驶，所述机动车具有用于监测所述低压电池的充电状态的装置(20)，其中，所述机动车(1)设计成从停放状态出发在达到针对所述充电状态限定的参量的极限值时自主地行驶到充电站(30)，以便在那里对所述低压电池(14)进行充电。9. An electrically propellable motor vehicle (1) having a high-voltage battery (12) and a low-voltage battery (14) and designed to drive autonomously, said motor vehicle having a device for monitoring the state of charge of said low-voltage battery Device (20), wherein the motor vehicle (1) is designed to drive autonomously from a parked state to a charging station (30) when a limit value of a variable defined for the state of charge is reached, in order to charge the The low voltage battery (14) is charged.10.根据权利要求9所述的机动车，其具有用于耦合的器件(18)，尤其是用于与电气充电站(30)自动机械对接或感应耦合。10. The motor vehicle as claimed in claim 9, having means (18) for coupling, in particular for automatic mechanical docking or inductive coupling with an electrical charging station (30).

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