CN116176368A - A method for controlling a fuel cell vehicle - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/75—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using propulsion power supplied by both fuel cells and batteries
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/12—Speed
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本申请涉及燃料电池车辆领域，尤其是一种燃料电池车辆的控制方法。The present application relates to the field of fuel cell vehicles, in particular to a control method for fuel cell vehicles.
背景技术Background technique
燃料电池车辆作为清洁能源车辆，未来将会逐步成为新能源领域的主力车型，但是由于燃料电池本身的化学能转换效率原因，和锂电池等储能电池相比，燃料电池的输出功率比较平缓，因此为了更好的驱动车辆，目前的燃料电池车辆一般采用燃料电池与储能电池的并联式供电结构或增程式供电结构联合驱动车辆。As a clean energy vehicle, fuel cell vehicles will gradually become the main vehicle in the new energy field in the future. However, due to the chemical energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell itself, compared with energy storage batteries such as lithium batteries, the output power of fuel cells is relatively flat. Therefore, in order to drive the vehicle better, current fuel cell vehicles generally use a parallel power supply structure or an extended-range power supply structure of the fuel cell and the energy storage battery to jointly drive the vehicle.
由于这类燃料电池车辆内置两种不同的能量源，且不同的能量源具有不同的输出特性，如何协调燃料电池和储能电池的工作过程，以保证整车的动力性，同时尽可能延长燃料电池的使用寿命，成为了优化燃料电池车辆整车性能的重点研究方向。Since this type of fuel cell vehicle has two different energy sources built in, and different energy sources have different output characteristics, how to coordinate the working process of the fuel cell and the energy storage battery to ensure the power of the vehicle and extend the fuel consumption as much as possible. The service life of the battery has become a key research direction to optimize the performance of the fuel cell vehicle.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请人针对上述问题及技术需求，提出了一种燃料电池车辆的控制方法，本申请的技术方案如下：In view of the above problems and technical requirements, the applicant proposes a control method for a fuel cell vehicle. The technical solution of the application is as follows:
一种燃料电池车辆的控制方法，该控制方法包括：A control method for a fuel cell vehicle, the control method comprising:
在燃料电池车辆的工作过程中根据燃料电池车辆的实时车速以及加速踏板的状态信号确定整车功率需求；During the working process of the fuel cell vehicle, determine the power demand of the whole vehicle according to the real-time vehicle speed of the fuel cell vehicle and the state signal of the accelerator pedal;
在燃料电池车辆的行驶过程中，控制燃料电池按照最优输出功率进行发电；During the driving process of the fuel cell vehicle, control the fuel cell to generate electricity according to the optimal output power;
当整车功率需求大于燃料电池的最优输出功率时，控制储能电池按照额外功率放电，额外功率是整车功率需求超出燃料电池的最优输出功率的功率；When the power demand of the whole vehicle is greater than the optimal output power of the fuel cell, the energy storage battery is controlled to discharge according to the extra power, and the extra power is the power at which the power demand of the whole vehicle exceeds the optimal output power of the fuel cell;
当整车功率需求于燃料电池的最优输出功率时，利用剩余功率对储能电池进行充电，剩余功率是燃料电池的最优输出功率的功率超出整车功率需求的功率。When the power demand of the whole vehicle is at the optimal output power of the fuel cell, the energy storage battery is charged with the surplus power, and the surplus power is the power at which the optimal output power of the fuel cell exceeds the power demand of the whole vehicle.
其进一步的技术方案为，燃料电池包括若干个最优输出功率，控制燃料电池按照满足整车功率需求的最优输出功率进行发电的方法包括：Its further technical solution is that the fuel cell includes several optimal output powers, and the method of controlling the fuel cell to generate electricity according to the optimal output power that meets the power demand of the vehicle includes:
根据储能电池的SOC值确定燃料电池采用的最优输出功率，储能电池的SOC值越低，控制燃料电池以功率更高的最优输出功率进行发电；储能电池的SOC值越高，控制燃料电池以功率更低的最优输出功率进行发电。According to the SOC value of the energy storage battery, the optimal output power adopted by the fuel cell is determined. The lower the SOC value of the energy storage battery is, the fuel cell is controlled to generate electricity with a higher optimal output power; the higher the SOC value of the energy storage battery, The fuel cell is controlled to generate electricity at an optimal output power with lower power.
其进一步的技术方案为，该控制方法还包括：Its further technical scheme is that the control method also includes:
当整车功率需求大于燃料电池的最优输出功率，且额外功率小于等于储能电池的最大放电功率时，保持燃料电池按照最优输出功率发电不变、根据额外功率调节储能电池的放电功率。When the vehicle power demand is greater than the optimal output power of the fuel cell, and the additional power is less than or equal to the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery, keep the fuel cell generating power at the optimal output power unchanged, and adjust the discharge power of the energy storage battery according to the additional power .
其进一步的技术方案为，燃料电池包括若干个最优输出功率，控制方法还包括：Its further technical solution is that the fuel cell includes several optimal output powers, and the control method also includes:
当整车功率需求大于燃料电池的最优输出功率，且额外功率大于储能电池的最大放电功率时，控制燃料电池提高输出功率、按照功率更高的最优输出功率进行发电；直至额外功率小于等于储能电池的最大放电功率时，保持燃料电池按照最优输出功率发电不变、根据额外功率调节储能电池的放电功率。When the power demand of the vehicle is greater than the optimal output power of the fuel cell, and the additional power is greater than the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery, the fuel cell is controlled to increase the output power and generate electricity according to the optimal output power with higher power; until the additional power is less than When it is equal to the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery, keep the fuel cell generating power according to the optimal output power unchanged, and adjust the discharge power of the energy storage battery according to the extra power.
其进一步的技术方案为，该控制方法还包括：Its further technical scheme is that the control method also includes:
当燃料电池按照功率最高的最优输出功率进行发电时的额外功率仍然大于储能电池的最大放电功率时，控制燃料电池按照整车功率需求进行发电，直至燃料电池按照功率最高的最优输出功率进行发电时的额外功率小于等于储能电池的最大放电功率时，控制燃料电池切换回按照最优输出功率发电。When the fuel cell generates power according to the highest optimal output power and the extra power is still greater than the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery, control the fuel cell to generate power according to the power demand of the vehicle until the fuel cell generates power according to the highest optimal output power When the extra power during power generation is less than or equal to the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery, control the fuel cell to switch back to power generation according to the optimal output power.
其进一步的技术方案为，该控制方法还包括：Its further technical scheme is that the control method also includes:
在控制燃料电池按照最优输出功率进行发电的过程中，当检测到储能电池的SOC值的下降速率达到速率阈值时，控制燃料电池提高输出功率。In the process of controlling the fuel cell to generate electricity according to the optimal output power, when it is detected that the decline rate of the SOC value of the energy storage battery reaches a rate threshold, the fuel cell is controlled to increase the output power.
其进一步的技术方案为，该控制方法还包括：Its further technical scheme is that the control method also includes:
当燃料电池车辆的实时车速为0且加速踏板的状态信号为初始状态而确定燃料电池车辆处于静止状态时，当储能电池的SOC值大于等于SOC下限阈值时，控制燃料电池保持关闭、利用储能电池按照整车功率需求进行放电；当储能电池的SOC值小于SOC下限阈值时，控制燃料电池按照整车功率需求进行发电以及按照储能电池的持续充电功率给储能电池充电。When the real-time vehicle speed of the fuel cell vehicle is 0 and the status signal of the accelerator pedal is the initial state, it is determined that the fuel cell vehicle is in a stationary state, and when the SOC value of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the SOC lower The energy battery is discharged according to the vehicle power demand; when the SOC value of the energy storage battery is lower than the SOC lower limit threshold, the fuel cell is controlled to generate power according to the vehicle power demand and the energy storage battery is charged according to the continuous charging power of the energy storage battery.
其进一步的技术方案为，加速踏板的状态信号包括加速踏板的开度，根据燃料电池车辆的实时车速以及加速踏板的状态信号确定整车功率需求，包括：Its further technical solution is that the status signal of the accelerator pedal includes the opening of the accelerator pedal, and the power demand of the whole vehicle is determined according to the real-time vehicle speed of the fuel cell vehicle and the status signal of the accelerator pedal, including:
确定扭矩需求表中与加速踏板的开度以及实时车速对应的整车需求扭矩，并确定整车需求扭矩对应的整车功率需求；扭矩需求表指示在不同的加速踏板的开度和实时车速下的整车需求扭矩。Determine the vehicle demand torque corresponding to the accelerator pedal opening and the real-time vehicle speed in the torque demand table, and determine the vehicle power demand corresponding to the vehicle demand torque; the torque demand table indicates that under different accelerator pedal openings and real-time vehicle speeds The vehicle demand torque.
其进一步的技术方案为，加速踏板的状态信号还包括加速踏板的开度和变化率，确定整车需求扭矩对应的整车功率需求的方法还包括：Its further technical solution is that the state signal of the accelerator pedal also includes the opening degree and the rate of change of the accelerator pedal, and the method for determining the power demand of the vehicle corresponding to the required torque of the vehicle also includes:
确定扭矩修正表中与加速踏板的开度和加速踏板的变化率对应的修正因子，并利用修正因子修正整车需求扭矩，确定修正后的整车需求扭矩对应的整车功率需求；扭矩修正表指示不同的加速踏板的开度和加速踏板的变化率下的修正因子。Determine the correction factor corresponding to the opening of the accelerator pedal and the rate of change of the accelerator pedal in the torque correction table, and use the correction factor to correct the vehicle demand torque, and determine the vehicle power demand corresponding to the corrected vehicle demand torque; the torque correction table Indicates the correction factor for different accelerator pedal openings and accelerator pedal rate of change.
其进一步的技术方案为，该控制方法还包括：Its further technical scheme is that the control method also includes:
在燃料电池车辆的行驶过程中，当储能电池的SOC值大于等于SOC上限阈值时，控制燃料电池保持关闭、利用储能电池按照整车功率需求进行放电；否则执行控制燃料电池按照满足整车功率需求的最优输出功率进行发电的步骤。During the driving process of the fuel cell vehicle, when the SOC value of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the SOC upper threshold, the fuel cell is controlled to remain closed, and the energy storage battery is used to discharge according to the power demand of the vehicle; otherwise, the fuel cell is controlled to meet the vehicle power requirements. The step of generating electricity with the optimal output power of the power demand.
本申请的有益技术效果是：The beneficial technical effect of the application is:
本申请公开了一种燃料电池车辆的控制方法，该控制方法在车辆行驶过程中，以燃料电池输出稳定的功率作为整车的主动力源，当整车功率需求大于燃料电池的输出功率时，利用储能电池对整车功率需求进行弥补；当整车功率需求小于燃料电池的输出功率时，储能电池作为储能装置对燃料电池输出的剩余功能进行回收，从而可以在满足整车动力性以及瞬态响应的基础上，减少燃料电池的负载突变和启停次数，保证整车加速性能要求的同时保护燃料电池的使用寿命。The present application discloses a control method for a fuel cell vehicle. During the driving process of the vehicle, the stable power output by the fuel cell is used as the main power source of the vehicle. When the power demand of the vehicle is greater than the output power of the fuel cell, The energy storage battery is used to make up for the power demand of the vehicle; when the power demand of the vehicle is less than the output power of the fuel cell, the energy storage battery is used as an energy storage device to recycle the remaining functions of the fuel cell output, so that it can satisfy the power performance of the vehicle And on the basis of transient response, it reduces the load mutation and the number of start-stops of the fuel cell to ensure the acceleration performance of the vehicle while protecting the service life of the fuel cell.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本申请一个实施例中的燃料电池车辆的控制方法的方法流程图。Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for controlling a fuel cell vehicle in an embodiment of the present application.
图2是本申请另一个实施例中的燃料电池车辆的控制方法的方法流程图。Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for controlling a fuel cell vehicle in another embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本申请的具体实施方式做进一步说明。The specific implementation manners of the present application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本申请公开了一种燃料电池车辆的控制方法，请参考图1所示的流程图，该控制方法包括如下步骤：This application discloses a control method for a fuel cell vehicle, please refer to the flow chart shown in Figure 1, the control method includes the following steps:
步骤1，在燃料电池车辆的工作过程中根据燃料电池车辆的实时车速以及加速踏板的状态信号确定整车功率需求，本申请中的燃料电池车辆内置燃料电池和储能电池，燃料电池和储能电池可以采用并联式结构或增程式结构。Step 1. During the working process of the fuel cell vehicle, determine the power demand of the whole vehicle according to the real-time vehicle speed of the fuel cell vehicle and the status signal of the accelerator pedal. The fuel cell vehicle in this application has a built-in fuel cell and energy storage battery, and the fuel cell and energy storage The battery can adopt parallel structure or extended range structure.
在一个实施例中，请参考图2，加速踏板的状态信号包括加速踏板的开度，确定扭矩需求表中与加速踏板的开度以及实时车速对应的整车需求扭矩，并确定整车需求扭矩对应的整车功率需求。扭矩需求表是预先拟合得到的，扭矩需求表指示在不同的加速踏板的开度和实时车速下的整车需求扭矩。整车需求扭矩与整车功率需求之间的对应关系也是预先建立好的。In one embodiment, please refer to FIG. 2, the state signal of the accelerator pedal includes the opening degree of the accelerator pedal, determine the required torque of the vehicle corresponding to the opening degree of the accelerator pedal and the real-time vehicle speed in the torque demand table, and determine the required torque of the vehicle Corresponding vehicle power demand. The torque demand table is pre-fitted, and the torque demand table indicates the vehicle demand torque under different accelerator pedal openings and real-time vehicle speeds. The corresponding relationship between the required torque of the vehicle and the power demand of the vehicle is also established in advance.
在另一个实施例中，还需要检测当前的动力输出是否存在加速需求，则加速踏板的状态信号还包括加速踏板的开度和变化率，确定扭矩修正表中与加速踏板的开度和加速踏板的变化率对应的修正因子，并利用修正因子修正整车需求扭矩，最后确定修正后的整车需求扭矩对应的整车功率需求。扭矩修正表指示不同的加速踏板的开度和加速踏板的变化率下的修正因子。In another embodiment, it is also necessary to detect whether there is an acceleration demand in the current power output, and then the state signal of the accelerator pedal also includes the opening degree and the rate of change of the accelerator pedal, and the opening degree and the accelerator pedal degree of the accelerator pedal in the torque correction table are determined. The correction factor corresponding to the change rate of , and the correction factor is used to correct the vehicle demand torque, and finally determine the vehicle power demand corresponding to the corrected vehicle demand torque. The torque correction table indicates correction factors for different accelerator pedal openings and accelerator pedal change rates.
在该步骤中，燃料电池车辆的工作过程是指燃料电池车辆启动后的阶段，则主要包括两种运行模式：行驶模式和静止模式。在燃料电池车辆的行驶过程中，燃料电池车辆的加减速变化较多，因此整车功率需求一般是起伏波动的。而在燃料电池车辆的静止过程中，燃料电池车辆的整车功率需求基本保持不变。In this step, the working process of the fuel cell vehicle refers to the stage after the fuel cell vehicle is started, and mainly includes two operating modes: driving mode and stationary mode. During the driving process of the fuel cell vehicle, the acceleration and deceleration of the fuel cell vehicle change a lot, so the power demand of the whole vehicle generally fluctuates. However, during the stationary process of the fuel cell vehicle, the vehicle power demand of the fuel cell vehicle remains basically unchanged.
步骤2，在燃料电池车辆的行驶过程中，控制燃料电池按照最优输出功率进行发电。Step 2, during the driving process of the fuel cell vehicle, control the fuel cell to generate electricity according to the optimal output power.
燃料电池的最优输出功率是根据燃料电池的工作特性曲线预先拟合得到的，是使得燃料电池的发电效率最优的输出功率。燃料电池一般包括若干个最优输出功率。则该步骤中，根据储能电池的SOC值确定燃料电池采用的最优输出功率，储能电池的SOC值越低，控制燃料电池以功率更高的最优输出功率进行发电；储能电池的SOC值越高，控制燃料电池以功率更低的最优输出功率进行发电。The optimal output power of the fuel cell is pre-fitted according to the operating characteristic curve of the fuel cell, and is the output power that makes the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell optimal. Fuel cells generally include several optimal output powers. Then in this step, the optimal output power adopted by the fuel cell is determined according to the SOC value of the energy storage battery. The lower the SOC value of the energy storage battery is, the fuel cell is controlled to generate electricity with a higher optimal output power; The higher the SOC value, the fuel cell is controlled to generate electricity with the lower optimal output power.
步骤3，当整车功率需求大于燃料电池的最优输出功率时，控制储能电池按照额外功率放电，额外功率是整车功率需求超出燃料电池的最优输出功率的功率。包括如下几种不同的情况：Step 3, when the power demand of the vehicle is greater than the optimal output power of the fuel cell, the energy storage battery is controlled to discharge according to the extra power, and the extra power is the power at which the power demand of the vehicle exceeds the optimal output power of the fuel cell. Including the following different situations:
当整车功率需求大于燃料电池的最优输出功率，且额外功率小于等于储能电池的最大放电功率时，保持燃料电池按照最优输出功率发电不变、根据额外功率调节储能电池的放电功率。也即比如当由于燃料电池车辆突然加速而导致整车功率需求增大时，燃料电池的输出功率保持不变，瞬态加载的功率由储能电池提供，在满足整车加速性能要求的同时，避免燃料电池由于负载突变而影响寿命。When the vehicle power demand is greater than the optimal output power of the fuel cell, and the additional power is less than or equal to the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery, keep the fuel cell generating power at the optimal output power unchanged, and adjust the discharge power of the energy storage battery according to the additional power . That is, for example, when the power demand of the vehicle increases due to sudden acceleration of the fuel cell vehicle, the output power of the fuel cell remains unchanged, and the transiently loaded power is provided by the energy storage battery. While meeting the acceleration performance requirements of the vehicle, Avoid affecting the service life of the fuel cell due to sudden load changes.
当整车功率需求大于燃料电池的最优输出功率，且额外功率大于储能电池的最大放电功率时，也即此时即便燃料电池和储能电池功能输出也不能满足整车功率需求时，此时需要控制燃料电池提高输出功率、按照功率更高的最优输出功率进行发电。直至额外功率小于等于储能电池的最大放电功率时，保持燃料电池按照最优输出功率发电不变、根据额外功率调节储能电池的放电功率。比如，燃料电池的最优输出功率包括60KW、70KW和80KW，当燃料电池按照60KW输出时的额外功率大于储能电池的最大放电功率时。提高燃料电池按照70KW输出，若此时的额外功率小于等于储能电池的最大放电功率，则保持燃料电池按照70KW输出，根据额外功率调节储能电池的放电功率。When the power demand of the vehicle is greater than the optimal output power of the fuel cell, and the additional power is greater than the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery, that is, even if the functional output of the fuel cell and the energy storage battery cannot meet the power demand of the vehicle at this time, then It is necessary to control the fuel cell to increase the output power and generate power according to the optimal output power with higher power. Until the additional power is less than or equal to the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery, keep the fuel cell generating power according to the optimal output power unchanged, and adjust the discharge power of the energy storage battery according to the additional power. For example, the optimal output power of the fuel cell includes 60KW, 70KW and 80KW, when the additional power output by the fuel cell at 60KW is greater than the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery. Increase the output of the fuel cell at 70KW. If the additional power at this time is less than or equal to the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery, keep the output of the fuel cell at 70KW, and adjust the discharge power of the energy storage battery according to the additional power.
当燃料电池按照功率最高的最优输出功率进行发电时的额外功率仍然大于储能电池的最大放电功率时，比如在上述举例中，当提高燃料电池按照70KW输出时的额外功率仍然大于储能电池的最大放电功率，且进一步提高燃料电池按照80KW输出时的额外功率仍然大于储能电池的最大放电功率时，则会控制燃料电池按照整车功率需求进行发电、不按照最优输出功率发电。但是随着运行，整车功率需求会降低，燃料电池也会给储能电池充电，在工作一段时间后还是会恢复到满足燃料电池按照功率最高的最优输出功率进行发电时的额外功率小于等于储能电池的最大放电功率的条件，则控制燃料电池切换回按照最优输出功率发电。也即临时提高燃料电池的输出功率后，会及时切换回按照最优输出功率发电。When the fuel cell generates power according to the highest optimal output power, the extra power is still greater than the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery, such as in the above example, when the fuel cell is increased to output 70KW, the extra power is still greater than the energy storage battery If the maximum discharge power of the fuel cell is further increased at 80KW and the additional power of the fuel cell is still greater than the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery, the fuel cell will be controlled to generate power according to the power demand of the vehicle instead of the optimal output power. However, with the operation, the power demand of the whole vehicle will decrease, and the fuel cell will also charge the energy storage battery. After working for a period of time, it will still be restored to meet the requirements of the fuel cell when it generates power according to the highest optimal output power. If the condition of the maximum discharge power of the energy storage battery is met, the fuel cell is controlled to switch back to generate electricity according to the optimal output power. That is to say, after temporarily increasing the output power of the fuel cell, it will switch back to generate electricity according to the optimal output power in time.
步骤4，当整车功率需求小于燃料电池的最优输出功率时，利用剩余功率对储能电池进行充电，剩余功率是燃料电池的最优输出功率的功率超出整车功率需求的功率。也即比如当由于燃料电池车辆突然减速而导致整车功率需求减小时，燃料电池的输出功率保持不变，多余的功能用于给储能电池充电，则在满足整车加速性能要求的同时，也可以避免燃料电池由于负载突变而影响寿命。Step 4, when the power demand of the vehicle is less than the optimal output power of the fuel cell, use the remaining power to charge the energy storage battery, and the remaining power is the power at which the optimal output power of the fuel cell exceeds the power demand of the vehicle. That is, for example, when the fuel cell vehicle suddenly decelerates and the vehicle power demand decreases, the output power of the fuel cell remains unchanged, and the redundant function is used to charge the energy storage battery, while meeting the acceleration performance requirements of the vehicle, It can also prevent fuel cells from affecting their service life due to sudden load changes.
在燃料电池车辆的行驶过程中，在按照本申请的控制方法控制燃料电池和储能电池混合供能时，在控制燃料电池按照最优输出功率进行发电的过程中，当检测到储能电池的SOC值的下降速率达到速率阈值时，控制燃料电池提高输出功率。与上述提高输出功率的方法相同，一种情况是，控制燃料电池按照功率更高的最优输出功率发电直至储能电池的SOC值的下降速率小于速率阈值。另一种情况是，当燃料电池按照功率最高的最优输出功率发电时，储能电池的SOC值的下降速率仍然达到速率阈值时，进一步提高燃料电池的输出功率、不按照最优输出功率发电，直至储能电池的SOC值的下降速率小于速率阈值，燃料电池的输出功率的具体提高的数值可以预先设定。也即在燃料电池和储能电池混合供能的过程中，要尽量保持储能电池的SOC值不变或者逐步充电上升，否则应该提高燃料电池的输出功能，以维持储能电池的SOC值。During the driving process of the fuel cell vehicle, when controlling the mixed energy supply of the fuel cell and the energy storage battery according to the control method of this application, and during the process of controlling the fuel cell to generate electricity according to the optimal output power, when the energy storage battery is detected When the decreasing rate of the SOC value reaches the rate threshold, the fuel cell is controlled to increase the output power. Same as the method for increasing the output power above, in one case, the fuel cell is controlled to generate electricity according to a higher optimal output power until the rate of decline of the SOC value of the energy storage battery is less than the rate threshold. Another situation is that when the fuel cell generates electricity according to the optimal output power with the highest power, when the decline rate of the SOC value of the energy storage battery still reaches the rate threshold, the output power of the fuel cell is further increased, and the power is not generated according to the optimal output power. , until the rate of decline of the SOC value of the energy storage battery is less than the rate threshold, the specific value of the increase in the output power of the fuel cell can be set in advance. That is to say, during the mixed energy supply process of the fuel cell and the energy storage battery, try to keep the SOC value of the energy storage battery unchanged or charge up gradually, otherwise the output function of the fuel cell should be increased to maintain the SOC value of the energy storage battery.
在燃料电池车辆的行驶过程中，当储能电池的SOC值大于等于SOC上限阈值时，控制燃料电池保持关闭、利用储能电池按照整车功率需求进行放电。否则按照储能电池的SOC对燃料电池和储能电池的输出功率进行功率分配，也即按照本申请提供的上述控制方法利用燃料电池和储能电池共同供能。During the driving process of the fuel cell vehicle, when the SOC value of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the SOC upper threshold, the fuel cell is controlled to remain turned off, and the energy storage battery is used to discharge according to the power demand of the vehicle. Otherwise, power distribution is performed on the output power of the fuel cell and the energy storage battery according to the SOC of the energy storage battery, that is, the fuel cell and the energy storage battery are jointly supplied with energy according to the above-mentioned control method provided in this application.
上述介绍了在燃料电池车辆的行驶过程中的控制方法，当燃料电池车辆的实时车速为0且加速踏板的状态信号为初始状态而确定燃料电池车辆处于静止状态时，确定得到的整车功率需求一般是固定值，主要用于满足燃料电池车辆基础用电器件的功率。则当储能电池的SOC值大于等于SOC下限阈值时，控制燃料电池保持关闭、利用储能电池按照整车功率需求进行放电。当储能电池的SOC值小于SOC下限阈值时，控制燃料电池按照整车功率需求进行发电以及按照储能电池的持续充电功率给储能电池充电，从而避免储能电池出现过充情况。并且在这种情况中，当储能电池的SOC值在充电过程中上升至大于等于SOC下限阈值时，并不立即切换至由储能电池供能，而是继续由燃料电池输出功能并进行充电，直至储能电池充电到预定状态，比如至储能电池的SOC值大于等于上限阈值时关闭燃料电池并切换至利用储能电池按照整车功率需求进行放电。The above describes the control method during the driving process of the fuel cell vehicle. When the real-time vehicle speed of the fuel cell vehicle is 0 and the status signal of the accelerator pedal is the initial state and it is determined that the fuel cell vehicle is in a stationary state, the determined power demand of the whole vehicle is Generally, it is a fixed value, which is mainly used to meet the power of basic electrical devices of fuel cell vehicles. Then, when the SOC value of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the SOC lower limit threshold, the fuel cell is controlled to keep shutting down, and the energy storage battery is used to discharge according to the power demand of the vehicle. When the SOC value of the energy storage battery is less than the SOC lower limit threshold, the fuel cell is controlled to generate power according to the vehicle power demand and to charge the energy storage battery according to the continuous charging power of the energy storage battery, thereby avoiding overcharging of the energy storage battery. And in this case, when the SOC value of the energy storage battery rises to be greater than or equal to the SOC lower limit threshold during the charging process, it does not immediately switch to the energy storage battery, but continues to be powered by the fuel cell and charged , until the energy storage battery is charged to a predetermined state, for example, when the SOC value of the energy storage battery is greater than or equal to the upper threshold, the fuel cell is turned off and switched to use the energy storage battery to discharge according to the power demand of the vehicle.
以上所述的仅是本申请的优选实施方式，本申请不限于以上实施例。可以理解，本领域技术人员在不脱离本申请的精神和构思的前提下直接导出或联想到的其他改进和变化，均应认为包含在本申请的保护范围之内。What is described above is only a preferred embodiment of the application, and the application is not limited to the above examples. It can be understood that other improvements and changes directly derived or conceived by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and concept of the present application should be considered to be included in the protection scope of the present application.
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