CN116154491A - A dual-polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a polarization independent adjustable dual-polarized directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, which solves the problem that each polarization of the reconfigurable antenna adopting an independent reconfiguration device can only be scanned in one dimension through the specificity of a horizontal polarization layer and a vertical polarization layer. Each polarization can deflect in two dimensions, i.e., up, down, left, and right, in the E-plane and the H-plane. The reconfigurable antenna regulates and controls surface currents, the two polarized antennas are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and the surface currents cannot pass through the dielectric, so that the regulation and control of the two polarizations of the dual-polarized antenna are not affected. When the reconfigurable antenna is applied to the base station array antenna, the two polarizations can deflect towards different directions simultaneously, so that the multi-beam antenna can be realized, and different users in different directions can be served simultaneously. On the premise of not increasing the number of the array antennas, the communication capacity of the base station antennas is greatly improved. As a pattern reconfigurable antenna, there is a problem of compensating for gain collapse when an array antenna is scanned at a large angle.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线A dual-polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization

技术领域technical field

本发明属于电子信息技术领域，涉及一种极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线。The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic information, and relates to a dual-polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization.

背景技术Background technique

与4G及更早一代的无线通信系统相比，5G无线通信系统面临着高信道容量、大覆盖范围和低时间延迟的更加严峻的挑战。小蜂窝概念和多输入多输出(MIMO)天线是目前满足5G系统性能要求的关键途径。然而，由于传统天线性能固定，一旦架设其工作频率、辐射方向等性能就确定不变的特点，当MIMO系统是用大量传统单功能天线时，满足这些低功耗、低成本和复杂性的要求时具有挑战性的。故可重构天线应运而生，近年来得到了大量的研究。可重构天线根据重构性能不同可分为频率可重构天线、极化可重构天线、波宽可重构天线及方向图可重构天线等。Compared with 4G and earlier generation wireless communication systems, 5G wireless communication systems face more severe challenges of high channel capacity, large coverage and low time delay. The small cell concept and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas are currently the key ways to meet the performance requirements of 5G systems. However, due to the fixed performance of traditional antennas, once their operating frequency and radiation direction are set up, they will remain unchanged. When a large number of traditional single-function antennas are used in MIMO systems, these requirements of low power consumption, low cost and complexity can be met. sometimes challenging. Therefore, reconfigurable antennas emerged as the times require, and have received a lot of research in recent years. Reconfigurable antennas can be divided into frequency reconfigurable antennas, polarization reconfigurable antennas, bandwidth reconfigurable antennas, and pattern reconfigurable antennas according to different reconfigurable performances.

方向图可重构天线是指天线的主瓣辐射方向可以改变的单个天线，具有提高信道容量、降低系统功耗、改善天线阵列波束扫描范围等特点。现有方向图可重构方式主要有四大类：机械控制、光控制、改变材料性质以及采用射频器件进行电控。电控可重构天线由于其响应速度快、便于实现等优点被广泛研究，电控可重构天线实现方式主要有：天线上层或周围整体覆盖一层电磁调控器件、控制馈电网络改变其辐射模式、加载引向器与反射器、引入超材料结构等。The pattern reconfigurable antenna refers to a single antenna whose main lobe radiation direction can be changed. It has the characteristics of improving channel capacity, reducing system power consumption, and improving the beam scanning range of the antenna array. There are four main types of reconfigurable methods for the existing pattern: mechanical control, optical control, changing material properties, and electronic control using radio frequency devices. Electronically controlled reconfigurable antennas have been widely studied due to their advantages of fast response and easy implementation. The main implementation methods of electronically controlled reconfigurable antennas are: the upper layer of the antenna or the surrounding area is covered with a layer of electromagnetic control devices, and the feeding network is controlled to change its radiation. mode, loading directors and reflectors, introducing metamaterial structures, etc.

机械控制的可重构天线鲁棒性好但响应时间较长且调节不方便；光控制可重构天线虽不用设置偏置电路但成本高且难于集成；改变材料特性的可重构天线则由于材料特性的限制，可重构能力较差。故电控可重构天线是现在主流的可重构天线研究方向。在电控制实现方式中天线上层或周围整体覆盖一层电磁调控器件的方法从天线辐射出的电磁波需要进入调控器件中进行二次调控，这会导致天线的辐射效率降低；控制馈电网络改变其辐射模式，若作为基站天线则对于终端用户天线适配性要求大大提高；引向器与反射器大多是极化敏感的，只能适用在单极化天线上；超材料结构并不能区分极化，只能同时调控两种极化。同时，双极化天线由于其可以通过极化分集来减弱多径效应、提高信道容量而被广泛应用。现有技术大部分是对极化敏感的，故在单极化可重构天线占据大部分研究。少量双极化可重构天线并未将两个极化独立出来，两个极化的方向图只能向一个方向偏转且只能在一个维度偏转。Mechanically controlled reconfigurable antennas are robust but have a long response time and are inconvenient to adjust; optically controlled reconfigurable antennas do not require a bias circuit but are expensive and difficult to integrate; reconfigurable antennas that change material properties are due to Limited material properties, poor reconfigurability. Therefore, electronically controlled reconfigurable antennas are the mainstream research direction of reconfigurable antennas. In the electrical control implementation method, the upper layer or surrounding of the antenna is covered with a layer of electromagnetic control devices as a whole. The electromagnetic wave radiated from the antenna needs to enter the control device for secondary control, which will reduce the radiation efficiency of the antenna; control the feed network to change its If the radiation mode is used as a base station antenna, the requirements for the adaptability of the end-user antenna will be greatly improved; most of the directors and reflectors are polarization-sensitive and can only be applied to single-polarization antennas; the metamaterial structure cannot distinguish polarization , only two polarizations can be controlled simultaneously. At the same time, dual-polarized antennas are widely used because they can reduce multipath effects and improve channel capacity through polarization diversity. Most of the existing technologies are polarization-sensitive, so single-polarization reconfigurable antennas occupy most of the research. A small number of dual-polarization reconfigurable antennas do not separate the two polarizations, and the patterns of the two polarizations can only deflect in one direction and in one dimension.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中双极化可重构天线并未将两个极化独立出来，两个极化的方向图只能向一个方向偏转且只能在一个维度偏转的问题，提供一种极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the dual-polarization reconfigurable antenna in the prior art does not separate the two polarizations, and the patterns of the two polarizations can only deflect in one direction and in one dimension. A dual-polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization is provided.

为达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:

本发明提出的一种极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，包括水平极化层、介质基底层、垂直极化层、反射地板和连接介质；A dual-polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization proposed by the present invention includes a horizontal polarization layer, a dielectric base layer, a vertical polarization layer, a reflection floor and a connection medium;

所述水平极化层安装在所述介质基底层的上表面，所述垂直极化层安装在所述介质基底层的下底面；所述水平极化层和所述垂直极化层均通过连接介质与所述反射地板相连；The horizontal polarization layer is installed on the upper surface of the dielectric base layer, and the vertical polarization layer is installed on the lower surface of the dielectric base layer; both the horizontal polarization layer and the vertical polarization layer are connected by a medium is connected to the reflective floor;

在所述水平极化层上安装有第一二极管机构，在所述垂直极化层上安装有第二二极管机构，在所述反射地板上安装有第三二极管机构。A first diode mechanism is installed on the horizontal polarization layer, a second diode mechanism is installed on the vertical polarization layer, and a third diode mechanism is installed on the reflection floor.

优选地，所述水平极化层包括水平极化蝶形贴片天线、第一EBG结构、第二EBG结构、第一寄生枝节和第二寄生枝节；Preferably, the horizontally polarized layer includes a horizontally polarized butterfly patch antenna, a first EBG structure, a second EBG structure, a first parasitic stub and a second parasitic stub;

所述第一EBG结构、所述第二EBG结构、所述第一寄生枝节和所述第二寄生枝节分别位于所述水平极化蝶形贴片天线的四周；所述第一EBG结构和所述第二EBG结构对称设置，所述第一寄生枝节和所述第二寄生枝节对称设置；The first EBG structure, the second EBG structure, the first parasitic branch and the second parasitic branch are respectively located around the horizontally polarized butterfly patch antenna; the first EBG structure and the The second EBG structure is arranged symmetrically, and the first parasitic branch and the second parasitic branch are arranged symmetrically;

所述第一EBG结构和所述第二EBG结构均通过连接介质与所述反射地板相连。Both the first EBG structure and the second EBG structure are connected to the reflective floor through a connection medium.

优选地，所述垂直极化层包括垂直极化蝶形贴片天线、第三EBG结构、第四EBG结构、第三寄生枝节和第四寄生枝节；Preferably, the vertically polarized layer includes a vertically polarized butterfly patch antenna, a third EBG structure, a fourth EBG structure, a third parasitic stub, and a fourth parasitic stub;

所述第三EBG结构、所述第四EBG结构、所述第三寄生枝节和所述第四寄生枝节分别位于所述垂直极化蝶形贴片天线的四周；所述第三EBG结构和所述第四EBG结构对称设置，所述第三寄生枝节和所述第四寄生枝节对称设置；The third EBG structure, the fourth EBG structure, the third parasitic branch and the fourth parasitic branch are respectively located around the vertically polarized butterfly patch antenna; the third EBG structure and the The fourth EBG structure is arranged symmetrically, and the third parasitic branch and the fourth parasitic branch are arranged symmetrically;

所述第三EBG结构和所述第四EBG结构均通过连接介质与所述反射地板相连。Both the third EBG structure and the fourth EBG structure are connected to the reflective floor through a connection medium.

优选地，第一二极管机构包括PIN1和PIN2，所述PIN1安装在所述第一寄生枝节上，所述PIN2安装在所述第二寄生枝节上。Preferably, the first diode mechanism includes PIN1 and PIN2, the PIN1 is installed on the first parasitic stub, and the PIN2 is installed on the second parasitic stub.

优选地，第二二极管机构包括PIN3和PIN4，所述PIN3安装在所述第三寄生枝节上，所述PIN4安装在所述第四寄生枝节上。Preferably, the second diode mechanism includes PIN3 and PIN4, the PIN3 is installed on the third parasitic stub, and the PIN4 is installed on the fourth parasitic stub.

优选地，第三二极管机构包括PIN5、PIN6、PIN7、PIN8、PIN9、PIN10、PIN11和PIN12；Preferably, the third diode mechanism includes PIN5, PIN6, PIN7, PIN8, PIN9, PIN10, PIN11 and PIN12;

所述PIN5和所述PIN6加载在反射地板上用于控制第三EBG结构的通断；所述PIN7和所述PIN8加载在反射地板上用于控制第一EBG结构的通断；所述PIN9和所述PIN10加载在反射地板上用于控制第四EBG结构的通断；所述PIN11和所述PIN12加载在反射地板上用于控制第二EBG结构的通断。The PIN5 and the PIN6 are loaded on the reflective floor for controlling the on-off of the third EBG structure; the PIN7 and the PIN8 are loaded on the reflective floor for controlling the on-off of the first EBG structure; the PIN9 and The PIN10 is loaded on the reflective floor for controlling the on-off of the fourth EBG structure; the PIN11 and the PIN12 are loaded on the reflective floor for controlling the on-off of the second EBG structure.

优选地，第一EBG结构、第二EBG结构、第三EBG结构和第四EBG结构均为菱形EBG结构。Preferably, the first EBG structure, the second EBG structure, the third EBG structure and the fourth EBG structure are all diamond-shaped EBG structures.

优选地，所述水平极化层和所述垂直极化层印刷在所述介质基底层上。Preferably, the horizontal polarization layer and the vertical polarization layer are printed on the dielectric base layer.

优选地，所述连接介质为金属柱。Preferably, the connection medium is a metal post.

优选地，所述水平极化层、所述垂直极化层和所述反射地板均采用金属铜制成；Preferably, the horizontal polarization layer, the vertical polarization layer and the reflective floor are all made of metallic copper;

所述介质基底采用介电常数为2.2的FR4介质板制成。The dielectric substrate is made of FR4 dielectric board with a dielectric constant of 2.2.

与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

本发明提出的一种极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，将可重构器件放置在天线的两侧，与天线在同一平面，仅仅去控制天线的表面电流的分布，是在辐射前就决定了天线的辐射方向，故相比于附加电磁波调控器件的可重构天线辐射效率更高且稳定。通过水平极化层和垂直极化层的特殊性，解决了采用单独重构器件的可重构天线每个极化只能一维扫描的问题。每个极化均可以在E面和H面进行二维偏转，即上下左右均可偏转。可重构天线调控的是表面电流，两个极化的天线分别位于介质基板的上下两表面，而表面电流无法穿过介质，因此双极化天线两个极化的调控互不影响。将可重构天线应用在基站阵列天线上时，由于两个极化可以同时向不同方向偏转，因此可以实现多波束天线，同时服务于不同方位的不同用户。在不增加阵列天线数量的前提下，大大提高基站天线的通信容量。同时作为方向图可重构天线，同时具备补偿阵列天线大角度扫描时增益塌陷的问题。The present invention proposes a reconfigurable antenna with independent polarization and dual polarization patterns. The reconfigurable device is placed on both sides of the antenna, on the same plane as the antenna, only to control the distribution of the surface current of the antenna. The radiation direction of the antenna is determined before the radiation, so the radiation efficiency of the reconfigurable antenna with additional electromagnetic wave control devices is higher and more stable. Through the particularity of the horizontal polarization layer and the vertical polarization layer, the problem that each polarization of the reconfigurable antenna using a separate reconfigurable device can only be scanned in one dimension is solved. Each polarization can be deflected two-dimensionally on the E plane and the H plane, that is, it can be deflected up, down, left, and right. The reconfigurable antenna regulates the surface current. The two polarized antennas are respectively located on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate, and the surface current cannot pass through the medium. Therefore, the regulation of the two polarizations of the dual-polarized antenna does not affect each other. When the reconfigurable antenna is applied to the base station array antenna, since the two polarizations can be deflected in different directions at the same time, a multi-beam antenna can be realized to serve different users in different directions at the same time. On the premise of not increasing the number of array antennas, the communication capacity of the base station antenna is greatly improved. At the same time, as a reconfigurable antenna with a pattern, it also has the ability to compensate for the problem of gain collapse when the array antenna scans at a large angle.

进一步地，选用介电常数为2.2的FR4介质板是从天线的带宽和实际加工两方面考虑的，一般情况下介质的介电常数越低天线的带宽越宽，因此尽可能选择介电常数接近1的介质，但也要考虑到实际加工中是否有板材，目前商用比较成熟的FR4板材介电常数为2.2已经是最低了。Furthermore, the choice of FR4 dielectric board with a dielectric constant of 2.2 is considered from both the bandwidth of the antenna and the actual processing. Generally, the lower the dielectric constant of the medium, the wider the bandwidth of the antenna. Therefore, the dielectric constant is as close as possible to the 1, but it is also necessary to consider whether there is a plate in the actual processing. At present, the dielectric constant of the commercially mature FR4 plate is 2.2, which is already the lowest.

进一步地，天线辐射结构选用铜是因为铜的电导率合适且性能稳定，不会产生大量焦耳热而损失能量。Furthermore, copper is selected for the radiation structure of the antenna because copper has appropriate electrical conductivity and stable performance, and will not generate a large amount of Joule heat and lose energy.

进一步地，采用类似菱形的EBG周期结构是为了增大此天线的方向图带宽，菱形EBG周期结构从中间向两边逐渐变窄，工作频率也会逐渐增加，这样就可以使EBG结构并不是工作在一个频点上，而是可以使其工作在一个频段上，增加天线的方向图带宽。菱形EBG结构每个单元的尺寸是渐变的，因此工作频率也可以渐变，以达到增大带宽的目的。Furthermore, the use of a diamond-like EBG periodic structure is to increase the pattern bandwidth of the antenna. The diamond-shaped EBG periodic structure gradually narrows from the middle to both sides, and the operating frequency will gradually increase, so that the EBG structure does not work in One frequency point, but can make it work on one frequency band, increase the pattern bandwidth of the antenna. The size of each unit of the diamond-shaped EBG structure is gradually changed, so the operating frequency can also be gradually changed to achieve the purpose of increasing the bandwidth.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚的说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and thus It should be regarded as a limitation on the scope, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

图1为本发明的极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线整体结构图。FIG. 1 is an overall structural diagram of a dual-polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization according to the present invention.

图2为本发明的水平极化层结构图。Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the horizontal polarization layer of the present invention.

图3为本发明的垂直极化层结构图。FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a vertical polarization layer of the present invention.

图4为本发明的水平极化层和垂直极化层合在一起的整体图。Fig. 4 is an overall view of the combination of the horizontal polarization layer and the vertical polarization layer of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.

因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。It should be noted that like numerals and letters denote similar items in the following figures, therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further definition and explanation in subsequent figures.

在本发明实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，若出现术语“上”、“下”、“水平”、“内”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，或者是该发明产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inside" etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings , or the orientation or positional relationship that the product of the invention is usually placed in use is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed in a specific orientation and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

此外，若出现术语“水平”，并不表示要求部件绝对水平，而是可以稍微倾斜。如“水平”仅仅是指其方向相对“竖直”而言更加水平，并不是表示该结构一定要完全水平，而是可以稍微倾斜。In addition, when the term "horizontal" appears, it does not mean that the part is required to be absolutely horizontal, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and it does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

在本发明实施例的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，若出现术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "setting", "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, It can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

本发明提出的一种极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，如图1所示，水平极化层L1安装在介质基底层L2的上表面，垂直极化层L3安装在介质基底层L2的下底面；水平极化层L1和垂直极化层L3均通过连接介质与反射地板L4相连。在水平极化层L1上安装有第一二极管机构，在垂直极化层L3上安装有第二二极管机构，在反射地板L4上安装有第三二极管机构。连接介质为金属柱。A dual polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization proposed by the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the horizontal polarization layer L1 is installed on the upper surface of the dielectric base layer L2, and the vertical polarization layer L3 is installed on the The bottom surface of the dielectric base layer L2; the horizontal polarization layer L1 and the vertical polarization layer L3 are all connected to the reflective floor L4 through a connection medium. A first diode mechanism is installed on the horizontal polarization layer L1, a second diode mechanism is installed on the vertical polarization layer L3, and a third diode mechanism is installed on the reflective floor L4. The connection medium is a metal post.

其中，如图2和图4所示，水平极化层L1包括水平极化蝶形贴片天线A1、第一EBG结构E1、第二EBG结构E2、第一寄生枝节P1和第二寄生枝节P2。第一EBG结构E1、第二EBG结构E2、第一寄生枝节P1和第二寄生枝节P2分别位于水平极化蝶形贴片天线A1的四周。第一EBG结构E1和第二EBG结构E2对称设置，第一寄生枝节P1和第二寄生枝节P2对称设置；第一EBG结构E1和第二EBG结构E2均通过连接介质与反射地板L4相连。第一二极管机构包括PIN1和PIN2，PIN1安装在第一寄生枝节P1上，PIN2安装在第二寄生枝节P2上。Wherein, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, the horizontal polarization layer L1 includes a horizontally polarized butterfly patch antenna A1, a first EBG structure E1, a second EBG structure E2, a first parasitic branch P1 and a second parasitic branch P2 . The first EBG structure E1 , the second EBG structure E2 , the first parasitic branch P1 and the second parasitic branch P2 are respectively located around the horizontally polarized butterfly patch antenna A1 . The first EBG structure E1 and the second EBG structure E2 are symmetrically arranged, and the first parasitic branch P1 and the second parasitic branch P2 are arranged symmetrically; both the first EBG structure E1 and the second EBG structure E2 are connected to the reflective floor L4 through a connecting medium. The first diode mechanism includes PIN1 and PIN2, PIN1 is installed on the first parasitic branch P1, and PIN2 is installed on the second parasitic branch P2.

E3和E4为控制天线E面方向图的EBG结构，P3和P4为控制天线H面方向图的寄生枝节。E3 and E4 are EBG structures that control the pattern of the E-plane of the antenna, and P3 and P4 are parasitic branches that control the pattern of the H-plane of the antenna.

如图3和图4所示，垂直极化层L3包括垂直极化蝶形贴片天线A2、第三EBG结构E3、第四EBG结构E4、第三寄生枝节P3和第四寄生枝节P4。第三EBG结构E3、第四EBG结构E4、第三寄生枝节P3和第四寄生枝节P4分别位于垂直极化蝶形贴片天线A2的四周。第三EBG结构E3和第四EBG结构E4对称设置，第三寄生枝节P3和第四寄生枝节P4对称设置。第三EBG结构E3和第四EBG结构E4均通过连接介质与反射地板L4相连。第二二极管机构包括PIN3和PIN4，PIN3安装在第三寄生枝节P3上，PIN4安装在第四寄生枝节P4上。As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , the vertically polarized layer L3 includes a vertically polarized butterfly patch antenna A2, a third EBG structure E3, a fourth EBG structure E4, a third parasitic stub P3, and a fourth parasitic stub P4. The third EBG structure E3, the fourth EBG structure E4, the third parasitic branch P3 and the fourth parasitic branch P4 are respectively located around the vertically polarized butterfly patch antenna A2. The third EBG structure E3 and the fourth EBG structure E4 are arranged symmetrically, and the third parasitic branch P3 and the fourth parasitic branch P4 are arranged symmetrically. Both the third EBG structure E3 and the fourth EBG structure E4 are connected to the reflective floor L4 through a connection medium. The second diode mechanism includes PIN3 and PIN4, PIN3 is installed on the third parasitic branch P3, and PIN4 is installed on the fourth parasitic branch P4.

E3和E4为控制天线E面方向图的EBG结构，P3和P4为控制天线H面方向图的寄生枝节。E3 and E4 are EBG structures that control the pattern of the E-plane of the antenna, and P3 and P4 are parasitic branches that control the pattern of the H-plane of the antenna.

第一EBG结构E1、第二EBG结构E2、第三EBG结构E3和第四EBG结构E4均为菱形EBG结构，采用类似菱形的EBG周期结构是为了增大此天线的方向图带宽，菱形EBG周期结构从中间向两边逐渐变窄，工作频率也会逐渐增加，这样就可以使EBG结构并不是工作在一个频点上，而是可以使其工作在一个频段上，增加天线的方向图带宽。菱形EBG结构每个单元的尺寸是渐变的，因此工作频率也可以渐变，以达到增大带宽的目的。The first EBG structure E1, the second EBG structure E2, the third EBG structure E3 and the fourth EBG structure E4 are all diamond-shaped EBG structures. The use of a diamond-like EBG periodic structure is to increase the pattern bandwidth of the antenna. The diamond-shaped EBG cycle The structure gradually narrows from the middle to both sides, and the working frequency will gradually increase. In this way, the EBG structure can not work on one frequency point, but can make it work on one frequency band, increasing the bandwidth of the antenna pattern. The size of each unit of the diamond-shaped EBG structure is gradually changed, so the operating frequency can also be gradually changed to achieve the purpose of increasing the bandwidth.

第三二极管机构包括PIN5、PIN6、PIN7、PIN8、PIN9、PIN10、PIN11和PIN12。PIN5和PIN6加载在反射地板上用于控制第三EBG结构E3的通断，PIN7和PIN8加载在反射地板上用于控制第一EBG结构E1的通断，PIN9和PIN10加载在反射地板上用于控制第四EBG结构E4的通断，PIN11和PIN12加载在反射地板上用于控制第二EBG结构E2的通断。PIN5至PIN12为加载在L4上控制E1至E4与L4之间通断的PIN二级管。The third diode mechanism includes PIN5, PIN6, PIN7, PIN8, PIN9, PIN10, PIN11 and PIN12. PIN5 and PIN6 are loaded on the reflective floor for controlling the on-off of the third EBG structure E3, PIN7 and PIN8 are loaded on the reflective floor for controlling the on-off of the first EBG structure E1, and PIN9 and PIN10 are loaded on the reflective floor for To control the on-off of the fourth EBG structure E4, PIN11 and PIN12 are loaded on the reflective floor for controlling the on-off of the second EBG structure E2. PIN5 to PIN12 are PIN diodes loaded on L4 to control the on-off between E1 to E4 and L4.

水平极化层L1和垂直极化层L3的各个结构分别印刷在介质基底层L2的上下表面。介质基底层L2下表面距离反射地板L4的距离为H＝28mm。水平极化层L1、垂直极化层L3和反射地板L4的材质均为金属铜。介质基底层L2的材质为介电常数为2.2的FR4介质板。天线的整体尺寸为D1＝160mm。介质基底层L2和反射地板L4之间由电磁带隙结构(EBG，Electromagnetic Band Gap)的金属柱(VIA)支撑。天线工作在1.7G-2.2G。The respective structures of the horizontal polarization layer L1 and the vertical polarization layer L3 are printed on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric base layer L2 respectively. The distance between the lower surface of the dielectric base layer L2 and the reflective floor L4 is H=28mm. The horizontal polarization layer L1, the vertical polarization layer L3 and the reflective floor L4 are all made of metallic copper. The material of the dielectric base layer L2 is an FR4 dielectric board with a dielectric constant of 2.2. The overall size of the antenna is D1 = 160mm. The dielectric base layer L2 and the reflective floor L4 are supported by metal pillars (VIA) of an electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG, Electromagnetic Band Gap). The antenna works at 1.7G-2.2G.

对于水平极化来讲，当PIN7、PIN8打开，PIN1、PIN2、PIN11和PIN12断开时：E1与L4连接，构成谐振回路，此时E1抑制存在于L2上表面的表面波，进而向右反射表面电流。E2由于与L4未连接，谐振回路被破坏，且单个EBG结构电尺寸(6mm)远小于中心工作波长(186mm)，因此对表面的电流无影响。同样的由于PIN1和PIN3断开，破坏了P1和P2可与工作波长比拟的电尺寸，因此对表面电流分布无影响，因此此种情况下，表面电流呈现出左面稀疏右边密集的分布特征。由于天线的方向图正是取决于电流分布，因此此种情况下天线的方向图向右偏转。PIN1打开，PIN2、7、8、11和12断开时，E1、E2和P2均不工作，此时P1连接，其长度略大于半个工作波长，其作用类似于八木天线的反射器反射电磁波，故此时方向图向下偏转。For horizontal polarization, when PIN7 and PIN8 are open, and PIN1, PIN2, PIN11 and PIN12 are disconnected: E1 is connected to L4 to form a resonant circuit. At this time, E1 suppresses the surface wave existing on the upper surface of L2, and then reflects to the right surface current. Since E2 is not connected to L4, the resonant circuit is destroyed, and the electrical size (6mm) of a single EBG structure is much smaller than the central working wavelength (186mm), so it has no effect on the surface current. Similarly, because PIN1 and PIN3 are disconnected, the electrical size of P1 and P2 comparable to the working wavelength is destroyed, so it has no effect on the surface current distribution. Therefore, in this case, the surface current presents a sparse distribution on the left and a dense distribution on the right. Since the antenna's pattern depends precisely on the current distribution, the antenna's pattern is deflected to the right in this case. When PIN1 is open and PIN2, 7, 8, 11, and 12 are disconnected, E1, E2, and P2 are not working. At this time, P1 is connected, and its length is slightly longer than half the working wavelength. Its function is similar to that of the reflector of the Yagi antenna to reflect electromagnetic waves. , so the direction diagram is deflected downward at this time.

对于垂直极化来讲，简单的可以理解为将水平极化旋转90度后，向下平移到L2的下表面。由于控制的是天线的表面电流的分布，而表面电流只存在于两个介质的分界面上，故L1和L3的电流分布互不受影响，故实现了极化的独立控制。即水平极化偏向一个方向时，垂直极化可以向任意方向偏转。For vertical polarization, it can simply be understood as rotating the horizontal polarization by 90 degrees and then moving down to the lower surface of L2. Since the control is the distribution of the surface current of the antenna, and the surface current only exists on the interface between the two media, the current distribution of L1 and L3 is not affected by each other, so the independent control of polarization is realized. That is, when the horizontal polarization is deflected in one direction, the vertical polarization can be deflected in any direction.

本发明提出的一种极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，具有如下优点：1)、本装置将可重构器件放置在辐射天线的两侧，与辐射天线在同一平面，仅仅去控制天线的表面电流的分布，是在辐射前就决定了天线的辐射方向，故相比于附加电磁波调控器件的可重构天线辐射效率更高且稳定，在各个辐射方向上天线的辐射效率均在80％以上。2)、本装置将两种不同的重构器件有效的融合在一起，解决了单独重构器件极化敏感的问题。此装置采用EBG结构控制每个极化的E面方向图偏转，采用寄生枝节控制每个极化的H面方向图。解决了采用单独重构器件的可重构天线每个极化只能一维扫描的问题。本天线的每个极化均可以在E面和H面进行二维偏转，即上下左右均可偏转。3)、根据1知本装置调控的是表面电流，两个极化的天线分别位于介质基板的上下两表面，而表面电流无法穿过介质，因此本双极化天线两个极化的调控互不影响；根据2知每个极化可进行二维偏转，加上不偏转状态，共有25种组合状态。此装置应用在基站阵列天线上时，由于两个极化可以同时向不同方向偏转，因此可以实现多波束天线，同时服务于不同方位的不同用户。在不增加阵列天线数量的前提下，大大提高基站天线的通信容量。同时作为方向图可重构天线，同时具备补偿阵列天线大角度扫描时增益塌陷的问题。A dual-polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independent polarization adjustment proposed by the present invention has the following advantages: 1), the device places the reconfigurable device on both sides of the radiation antenna, and is on the same plane as the radiation antenna , only to control the distribution of the surface current of the antenna, the radiation direction of the antenna is determined before the radiation, so compared with the reconfigurable antenna with an additional electromagnetic wave control device, the radiation efficiency is higher and stable, and the antenna in each radiation direction The radiation efficiency is above 80%. 2). This device effectively integrates two different reconstruction devices, which solves the problem of polarization sensitivity of a single reconstruction device. This device adopts the EBG structure to control the deflection of the E-plane pattern of each polarization, and uses parasitic branches to control the H-plane pattern of each polarization. The problem that each polarization of the reconfigurable antenna using a separate reconfigurable device can only scan one-dimensionally is solved. Each polarization of the antenna can be deflected two-dimensionally on the E plane and the H plane, that is, it can be deflected up, down, left, and right. 3) According to 1, what the device regulates is the surface current, and the two polarized antennas are respectively located on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate, and the surface current cannot pass through the medium, so the regulation of the two polarizations of the dual-polarized antenna interacts with each other Not affected; according to 2, each polarization can be deflected two-dimensionally, plus the non-deflected state, there are 25 combined states in total. When this device is applied to a base station array antenna, since the two polarizations can be deflected in different directions at the same time, it can realize a multi-beam antenna and serve different users in different directions at the same time. On the premise of not increasing the number of array antennas, the communication capacity of the base station antenna is greatly improved. At the same time, as a reconfigurable antenna with a pattern, it also has the ability to compensate for the problem of gain collapse when the array antenna scans at a large angle.

以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，其特征在于，包括水平极化层(L1)、介质基底层(L2)、垂直极化层(L3)、反射地板(L4)和连接介质；1. A dual polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization, characterized in that it comprises a horizontal polarization layer (L1), a dielectric base layer (L2), a vertical polarization layer (L3), and a reflective floor (L4) and connection medium;所述水平极化层(L1)安装在所述介质基底层(L2)的上表面，所述垂直极化层(L3)安装在所述介质基底层(L2)的下底面；所述水平极化层(L1)和所述垂直极化层(L3)均通过连接介质与所述反射地板(L4)相连；The horizontal polarization layer (L1) is installed on the upper surface of the dielectric base layer (L2), and the vertical polarization layer (L3) is installed on the lower surface of the dielectric base layer (L2); Both the polarization layer (L1) and the vertical polarization layer (L3) are connected to the reflective floor (L4) through a connection medium;在所述水平极化层(L1)上安装有第一二极管机构，在所述垂直极化层(L3)上安装有第二二极管机构，在所述反射地板(L4)上安装有第三二极管机构。A first diode mechanism is installed on the horizontal polarization layer (L1), a second diode mechanism is installed on the vertical polarization layer (L3), and a reflective floor (L4) is installed There is a third diode mechanism.2.根据权利要求1所述的极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，其特征在于，所述水平极化层(L1)包括水平极化蝶形贴片天线(A1)、第一EBG结构(E1)、第二EBG结构(E2)、第一寄生枝节(P1)和第二寄生枝节(P2)；2. The dual polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization according to claim 1, characterized in that, the horizontal polarization layer (L1) comprises a horizontally polarized butterfly patch antenna (A1) , the first EBG structure (E1), the second EBG structure (E2), the first parasitic branch (P1) and the second parasitic branch (P2);所述第一EBG结构(E1)、所述第二EBG结构(E2)、所述第一寄生枝节(P1)和所述第二寄生枝节(P2)分别位于所述水平极化蝶形贴片天线(A1)的四周；所述第一EBG结构(E1)和所述第二EBG结构(E2)对称设置，所述第一寄生枝节(P1)和所述第二寄生枝节(P2)对称设置；The first EBG structure (E1), the second EBG structure (E2), the first parasitic branch (P1) and the second parasitic branch (P2) are respectively located on the horizontally polarized butterfly patch around the antenna (A1); the first EBG structure (E1) and the second EBG structure (E2) are symmetrically arranged, and the first parasitic branch (P1) and the second parasitic branch (P2) are symmetrically arranged ;所述第一EBG结构(E1)和所述第二EBG结构(E2)均通过连接介质与所述反射地板(L4)相连。Both the first EBG structure (E1) and the second EBG structure (E2) are connected to the reflection floor (L4) through a connection medium.3.根据权利要求2所述的极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，其特征在于，所述垂直极化层(L3)包括垂直极化蝶形贴片天线(A2)、第三EBG结构(E3)、第四EBG结构(E4)、第三寄生枝节(P3)和第四寄生枝节(P4)；3. The dual polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization according to claim 2, characterized in that, the vertically polarized layer (L3) comprises a vertically polarized butterfly patch antenna (A2) , the third EBG structure (E3), the fourth EBG structure (E4), the third parasitic branch (P3) and the fourth parasitic branch (P4);所述第三EBG结构(E3)、所述第四EBG结构(E4)、所述第三寄生枝节(P3)和所述第四寄生枝节(P4)分别位于所述垂直极化蝶形贴片天线(A2)的四周；所述第三EBG结构(E3)和所述第四EBG结构(E4)对称设置，所述第三寄生枝节(P3)和所述第四寄生枝节(P4)对称设置；The third EBG structure (E3), the fourth EBG structure (E4), the third parasitic branch (P3) and the fourth parasitic branch (P4) are respectively located on the vertically polarized butterfly patch around the antenna (A2); the third EBG structure (E3) and the fourth EBG structure (E4) are symmetrically arranged, and the third parasitic branch (P3) and the fourth parasitic branch (P4) are symmetrically arranged ;所述第三EBG结构(E3)和所述第四EBG结构(E4)均通过连接介质与所述反射地板(L4)相连。Both the third EBG structure (E3) and the fourth EBG structure (E4) are connected to the reflective floor (L4) through a connection medium.4.根据权利要求3所述的极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，其特征在于，第一二极管机构包括PIN1和PIN2，所述PIN1安装在所述第一寄生枝节(P1)上，所述PIN2安装在所述第二寄生枝节(P2)上。4. The dual-polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization according to claim 3, wherein the first diode mechanism includes PIN1 and PIN2, and the PIN1 is installed on the first parasitic On the branch (P1), the PIN2 is installed on the second parasitic branch (P2).5.根据权利要求3所述的极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，其特征在于，第二二极管机构包括PIN3和PIN4，所述PIN3安装在所述第三寄生枝节(P3)上，所述PIN4安装在所述第四寄生枝节(P4)上。5. The dual-polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independent polarization adjustment according to claim 3, characterized in that, the second diode mechanism includes PIN3 and PIN4, and the PIN3 is installed on the third parasitic On the branch (P3), the PIN4 is installed on the fourth parasitic branch (P4).6.根据权利要求3所述的极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，其特征在于，第三二极管机构包括PIN5、PIN6、PIN7、PIN8、PIN9、PIN10、PIN11和PIN12；6. The dual-polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization according to claim 3, wherein the third diode mechanism includes PIN5, PIN6, PIN7, PIN8, PIN9, PIN10, PIN11 and PIN12;所述PIN5和所述PIN6加载在反射地板上用于控制第三EBG结构(E3)的通断；所述PIN7和所述PIN8加载在反射地板上用于控制第一EBG结构(E1)的通断；所述PIN9和所述PIN10加载在反射地板上用于控制第四EBG结构(E4)的通断；所述PIN11和所述PIN12加载在反射地板上用于控制第二EBG结构(E2)的通断。The PIN5 and the PIN6 are loaded on the reflective floor for controlling the on-off of the third EBG structure (E3); the PIN7 and the PIN8 are loaded on the reflective floor for controlling the on-off of the first EBG structure (E1) The PIN9 and the PIN10 are loaded on the reflective floor for controlling the on-off of the fourth EBG structure (E4); the PIN11 and the PIN12 are loaded on the reflective floor for controlling the second EBG structure (E2) on and off.7.根据权利要求3所述的极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，其特征在于，第一EBG结构(E1)、第二EBG结构(E2)、第三EBG结构(E3)和第四EBG结构(E4)均为菱形EBG结构。7. The independently adjustable dual polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, the first EBG structure (E1), the second EBG structure (E2), the third EBG structure ( E3) and the fourth EBG structure (E4) are both diamond-shaped EBG structures.8.根据权利要求1所述的极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，其特征在于，所述水平极化层(L1)和所述垂直极化层(L3)印刷在所述介质基底层(L2)上。8. The dual polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization according to claim 1, characterized in that, the horizontal polarization layer (L1) and the vertical polarization layer (L3) are printed on on the dielectric base layer (L2).9.根据权利要求1所述的极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，其特征在于，所述连接介质为金属柱。9. The dual-polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization according to claim 1, wherein the connection medium is a metal post.10.根据权利要求1所述的极化独立可调的双极化方向图可重构天线，其特征在于，所述水平极化层(L1)、所述垂直极化层(L3)和所述反射地板(L4)均采用金属铜制成；10. The dual polarization pattern reconfigurable antenna with independently adjustable polarization according to claim 1, characterized in that, the horizontal polarization layer (L1), the vertical polarization layer (L3) and the The reflective floor (L4) mentioned above is made of metal copper;所述介质基底(L2)采用介电常数为2.2的FR4介质板制成。The dielectric substrate (L2) is made of FR4 dielectric board with a dielectric constant of 2.2.

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