CN116086639A - Soil temperature acoustic wave detection device and detection method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil temperature sound wave detection device and a detection method, wherein the soil temperature sound wave detection device comprises a shell, a probe, a sound wave emitter, a sound wave collector and a control device; the control device comprises a control module and a control module; the control module comprises a key assembly and a touch screen; the control module comprises a single-chip microcontroller, a pulse amplification module and a signal modulation module; the pulse amplification module comprises a transmitting signal filter circuit and a pulse amplification circuit; the signal modulation module comprises a quasi-acousto-electric signal filter circuit and a quasi-acousto-electric signal amplifying circuit; the probes are divided into a first probe and a second probe, and insertion tips for being inserted into soil are arranged at the bottoms of the first probe and the second probe; the sound wave transmitter and the sound wave collector are respectively arranged on the first probe and the second probe. The soil temperature acoustic wave detection method has the advantages of low implementation cost, good stability, high precision, environmental friendliness and capability of realizing rapid detection.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种土壤温度声波检测装置及检测方法A soil temperature acoustic wave detection device and detection method

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种土壤温度检测装置及方法，具体涉及一种土壤温度声波检测装置及检测方法。The invention relates to a soil temperature detection device and method, in particular to a soil temperature acoustic wave detection device and detection method.

背景技术Background technique

土壤温度是土壤的冷热程度，也是植物土层部分的环境要素之一，对植物生殖生长、生理过程、土壤养分吸收、水分运动等方面有着重要的影响。因此，土壤温度是农业工程中需要获取的重要参量。目前，测量土壤温度的方法主要有膨胀测温法和电学测温法两种，其中，膨胀测温法通过埋入土壤中的玻璃水银温度表人工读取土壤温度，此方法实施成本低，但需要人工频繁操作，精度低且存在水银泄漏的潜在危害。电学测温法是把热电偶、热敏电阻等其他温度传感器插入土壤，通过随温度变化的电学量反应土壤温度，此方法操作简单，但动态响应差，且受酸性土壤的腐蚀作用的影响，测温元件的寿命短。而声学测温是基于声波在纯固体、纯液体和纯气体等单相介质中的传播速度与单相介质温度有关的原理实现的，具有非接触测温与测量精度高的特点，但是土壤作为一种三相、多孔且非均匀的复杂系统，仅采用单相介质的声速测温技术测量土壤温度，很难保证土壤温度的准确性。Soil temperature is the degree of coldness and heat of the soil, and it is also one of the environmental elements of the soil layer of plants. It has an important impact on plant reproductive growth, physiological processes, soil nutrient absorption, and water movement. Therefore, soil temperature is an important parameter that needs to be obtained in agricultural engineering. At present, there are mainly two methods of measuring soil temperature: dilation thermometry and electrical thermometry. Among them, the dilation thermometry uses a glass mercury thermometer buried in the soil to manually read the soil temperature. This method is low in cost, but Frequent manual operations are required, with low precision and potential hazards of mercury leakage. The electrical temperature measurement method is to insert thermocouples, thermistors and other temperature sensors into the soil, and respond to the soil temperature through the electrical quantity that changes with the temperature. This method is simple to operate, but the dynamic response is poor, and it is affected by the corrosion of acidic soil. The temperature measuring element has a short life. Acoustic temperature measurement is based on the principle that the propagation speed of sound waves in single-phase media such as pure solids, pure liquids, and pure gases is related to the temperature of single-phase media. It has the characteristics of non-contact temperature measurement and high measurement accuracy, but soil as A three-phase, porous and heterogeneous complex system, it is difficult to ensure the accuracy of the soil temperature by only using the sound velocity temperature measurement technology of single-phase media to measure the soil temperature.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供了一种土壤温度声波检测装置，所述土壤温度声波检测装置利用声波速度及声波衰减系数的双声参量-土壤温度经验模型能够提高声学测量土壤温度的准确性。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provides a soil temperature acoustic wave detection device, which can improve the acoustic measurement of soil temperature by using the dual acoustic parameters-soil temperature empirical model of sound wave velocity and sound wave attenuation coefficient. accuracy.

本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种土壤温度声波检测方法，所述土壤温度声波检测方法的实施成本低、稳定性好、精度高、环境友好且能实现快速检测。The second object of the present invention is to provide an acoustic detection method for soil temperature, which has low implementation cost, good stability, high precision, environmental friendliness and rapid detection.

本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案是：The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is:

一种土壤温度声波检测装置，包括壳体、设置在壳体上的探针、设置在探针上的声波发射器和声波采集器以及控制装置，其中，A soil temperature acoustic wave detection device, comprising a casing, a probe arranged on the casing, an acoustic wave emitter, an acoustic wave collector and a control device arranged on the probe, wherein,

所述控制装置包括设置在壳体上的操控模块以及设置在所述壳体内的控制模块，其中，所述操控模块包括按键组件以及触摸屏；所述控制模块包括单片微控器、脉冲放大模块和信号调制模块，其中，The control device includes a control module arranged on the casing and a control module arranged in the casing, wherein the control module includes a key assembly and a touch screen; the control module includes a single-chip micro-controller, a pulse amplification module and a signal modulation module, where,

所述单片微控器用于控制电信号的发射、拟声电信号的采集、测量时间的采集、测量结果的计算、分析、存储及触摸屏的显示；The single-chip micro-controller is used to control the emission of electric signals, the collection of pseudo-acoustic electric signals, the collection of measurement time, the calculation, analysis, storage and display of touch screen of measurement results;

所述脉冲放大模块通过线缆与所述单片微控器以及所述声波发射器相连接，包括发射信号滤波电路和脉冲放大电路；其中，所述发射信号滤波电路用于接收所述单片微控器产生的脉冲电信号，减小脉冲电信号的交流成分，使得脉冲电信号规律且平滑；所述脉冲放大电路用于接收经过滤波处理的脉冲电信号，放大脉冲电信号的功率，使得经过功率放大处理的脉冲电信号足以驱动声波发射器产生声波；The pulse amplifying module is connected with the single-chip microcontroller and the acoustic wave transmitter through a cable, and includes a transmitting signal filtering circuit and a pulse amplifying circuit; wherein, the transmitting signal filtering circuit is used to receive the single-chip The pulsed electrical signal generated by the microcontroller reduces the AC component of the pulsed electrical signal, making the pulsed electrical signal regular and smooth; the pulse amplifying circuit is used to receive the filtered pulsed electrical signal and amplify the power of the pulsed electrical signal, so that The pulse electrical signal processed by power amplification is enough to drive the sound wave transmitter to generate sound waves;

所述信号调制模块通过线缆与所述单片微控器和所述声波采集器相连接，包括拟声电信号滤波电路和拟声电信号放大电路；所述拟声电信号滤波电路，用于接收由声波采集器采集到的拟声电信号，并去除拟声电信号的噪声；所述拟声电信号放大电路用于接收经过滤波处理的拟声电信号，并放大拟声电信号波形幅度；The signal modulation module is connected with the single-chip micro-controller and the sound wave collector through a cable, and includes an onomatopoeic electric signal filtering circuit and an onomatopoeic electric signal amplifying circuit; It is used to receive the pseudosonic electrical signal collected by the sound wave collector, and remove the noise of the pseudosonic electrical signal; the pseudosonic electrical signal amplifying circuit is used to receive the filtered pseudosonic electrical signal, and amplify the waveform of the pseudosonic electrical signal range;

所述探针分为第一探针和第二探针，其中，所述第一探针和所述第二探针的底部均设置有用于插入土壤中的插入尖端；所述声波发射器和所述声波采集器分别设置在所述第一探针和所述第二探针上。The probes are divided into first probes and second probes, wherein the bottoms of the first probes and the second probes are provided with insertion tips for inserting into soil; the acoustic wave transmitter and The acoustic wave collectors are respectively arranged on the first probe and the second probe.

优选的，还包括电源装置，所述电源装置用于提供设备正常工作所需要的电源。Preferably, a power supply device is also included, and the power supply device is used to provide the power required for the normal operation of the equipment.

优选的，所述壳体上设置有充电口，所述充电口用于对所述电源装置充电。Preferably, a charging port is provided on the housing, and the charging port is used for charging the power supply device.

优选的，所述壳体上设置有水平仪，所述水平仪用于观察所述第一探针和所述第二探针是否垂直插入土壤。Preferably, a level is provided on the housing, and the level is used to observe whether the first probe and the second probe are vertically inserted into the soil.

一种土壤温度声波检测方法的检测方法，包括以下步骤：A detection method of a soil temperature acoustic wave detection method, comprising the following steps:

S1、启动电源，然后将所述第一探针和所述第二探针垂直插入待测土层中，调整第一探针和第二探针插入土层的深度，待装置处于水平位置后，在触摸屏上选择好待测土壤的土壤类型，开始土壤温度检测；S1, start the power supply, then vertically insert the first probe and the second probe into the soil layer to be tested, adjust the depth of the first probe and the second probe inserted into the soil layer, and wait for the device to be in a horizontal position , select the soil type of the soil to be tested on the touch screen, and start soil temperature detection;

S2、单片微控器接收到传来的土壤温度检测指令后，该单片微控器内部定时器开始计时，与此同时，所述单片微控器发送脉冲电信号至脉冲放大模块，脉冲电信号经过所述发射信号滤波电路后减小了交流成分并变得规律平滑，再经过所述脉冲放电电路的放大处理，形成频率稳定且功率相当的脉冲电信号；S2. After the single-chip micro-controller receives the transmitted soil temperature detection command, the internal timer of the single-chip micro-controller starts timing, and at the same time, the single-chip micro-controller sends a pulse electrical signal to the pulse amplification module, After the pulse electric signal passes through the transmission signal filter circuit, the AC component is reduced and becomes regular and smooth, and then through the amplification processing of the pulse discharge circuit, a pulse electric signal with stable frequency and equivalent power is formed;

S3、声波发射器接收到经过滤波和功率放大处理后的脉冲电信号，把脉冲电信号转换为机械振动，产生声波；S3. The acoustic wave transmitter receives the pulsed electrical signal after filtering and power amplification, converts the pulsed electrical signal into mechanical vibration, and generates sound waves;

S4、产生的声波透射过待测土壤后，声波采集器接收到携带有土壤信息的声波，并把声波转换为拟声电信号，拟声电信号经过信号调制模块中的拟声电信号滤波电路和拟声电信号放大电路的噪声去除和信号放大处理后，被单片微控器采集，此时，所述单片微控器内部的定时器停止计时；S4. After the generated sound wave is transmitted through the soil to be tested, the sound wave collector receives the sound wave carrying the soil information, and converts the sound wave into a pseudo-acoustic electrical signal, and the pseudo-acoustic electrical signal passes through the pseudo-acoustic electrical signal filter circuit in the signal modulation module After the noise removal and signal amplification processing of the pseudo-acoustic electrical signal amplification circuit, it is collected by the single-chip micro-controller. At this time, the timer inside the single-chip micro-controller stops counting;

S5、单片微控器对采集到的数据信号进行解析处理，得到声波波形、传递时间、土壤声速和声波衰减系数，并利用双声参量-土壤温度经验模型推算出待测土层的土壤温度；S5. The single-chip micro-controller analyzes and processes the collected data signals to obtain the sound wave waveform, transmission time, soil sound velocity and sound wave attenuation coefficient, and uses the dual sound parameter-soil temperature empirical model to calculate the soil temperature of the soil layer to be tested;

S6、单片微控器将最终土壤温度信息发送至触摸屏，所述触摸屏向用户显示出待测土层的土壤温度。S6. The single-chip microcontroller sends the final soil temperature information to the touch screen, and the touch screen displays the soil temperature of the soil layer to be measured to the user.

优选的，在步骤S5中，所述的土壤声度V_S的采集步骤为：Preferably, in step S5, the collection steps of the soil sound level_VS are:

单片微控器发射电信号时，该单片微控器内部的定时器开始计时，此时刻记为T_s；所述单片微控器采集到拟声电信号时，该单片微控器内部的定时器停止计时，此时刻记为T_e；电信号流经脉冲放大模块和信号调制模块的时间和为T_d1；声波发射器和声波采集器中的声信号和电信号相互转换的时间和为T_d2，从而得到声波在土壤传播的时间T＝T_e-T_s-T_d1-T_d2；声波发射器和声波采集器之间的距离即为土壤的传播距离S，陶瓷，土壤声度V_S＝S/(T_e-T_s-T_d1-T_d2)。When the single-chip micro-controller transmits an electrical signal, the timer inside the single-chip micro-controller starts counting, and this moment is recorded as T_s ; The timer inside the device stops timing, and this moment is recorded as T_e ; the time sum of the electrical signal flowing through the pulse amplification module and the signal modulation module is T_d1 ; the mutual conversion of the acoustic signal and the electrical signal in the acoustic wave emitter and the acoustic wave collector The time sum is T_d2 , so that the time of sound wave propagation in the soil is T=T_e -T_s -T_d1 -T_d2 ; the distance between the sound wave transmitter and the sound wave collector is the propagation distance S of the soil, ceramics, soil Sound level V_s =S/(T_e -T_s -T_d1 -T_d2 ).

优选的，在步骤S5中，土壤声波衰减系数a的采集步骤为：Preferably, in step S5, the acquisition steps of the soil acoustic wave attenuation coefficient a are:

单片微控器对拟声电信号进行AD采样，持续得到电压值不同的数据记为U，以电压值数据U为纵坐标，采集时间t为横坐标，得到双声参量经过土壤后的波形图；取采集到的电压最大值U_max对应双声参量的波形幅值，电压最大值U_max与电压标准值U_n的比值为土壤声衰系数a，即a＝U_max/U_n。The single-chip micro-controller performs AD sampling on the pseudo-acoustic electrical signal, and continuously obtains data with different voltage values, which is recorded as U. The voltage value data U is the vertical coordinate, and the collection time t is the horizontal coordinate, and the waveform diagram of the dual acoustic parameters after passing through the soil is obtained. ; Take the waveform amplitude of the collected maximum voltage U_max corresponding to the dual acoustic parameters, and the ratio of the maximum voltage U_max to the voltage standard value U_n is the soil sound attenuation coefficient a, that is, a=U_max /U_n .

优选的，所述的双声参量-土壤温度经验模型的建立步骤为：Preferably, the establishment steps of the described dual acoustic parameter-soil temperature empirical model are:

(1)、针对不同质地的土壤，保持土壤含水量不变的情况下，将密封好的待测土壤样品置于温控箱中，控制好温控箱内的温度，温度从0-40℃以5℃的梯度逐步递增，每个温度梯度保持12小时，使得土壤温度与温控箱温度一致，(1) For soils with different textures, keep the soil moisture content constant, put the sealed soil samples to be tested in the temperature control box, and control the temperature in the temperature control box, the temperature is from 0-40 °C Gradually increase with a gradient of 5°C, and keep each temperature gradient for 12 hours, so that the soil temperature is consistent with the temperature of the temperature control box,

(2)、利用声学仪器分别对0-40℃的不同温度梯度的土壤样品进行声波检测试验，得到不同温度梯度的土壤样品的声波速度V_s及声波衰减系数a；(2), using an acoustic instrument to carry out acoustic detection tests on soil samples with different temperature gradients of 0-40°C, and obtain the acoustic wave velocity V_s and the acoustic wave attenuation coefficient a of the soil samples with different temperature gradients;

(3)、针对不同质地不同含水量的土壤，分别制作土壤温度、土壤声速V_s和土壤声衰系数a的关系表格，对表格数据进行曲线拟合，得到与土壤声速V_S和土壤声衰系数a有关的土壤温度的函数，且每种质地的土壤单独对应一条函数；(3) For soils with different textures and different water contents, the relationship tables of soil temperature, soil sound velocity V_s and soil sound attenuation coefficient a are respectively made, and curve fitting is performed on the table data to obtain the relationship between soil sound velocity V_s and soil sound attenuation The function of the soil temperature related to the coefficient a, and each texture of soil corresponds to a separate function;

(4)、通过收集每种土壤的土壤声速V_S和土壤声衰系数a有关的土壤温度函数，建立针对不同质地土壤的声波速度及声波衰减系数的双声参量-土壤温度经验模型。(4) By collecting the soil temperature function related to the soil sound velocity V_S and the soil sound attenuation coefficient a of each soil, a dual-acoustic parameter-soil temperature empirical model for the sound wave velocity and sound wave attenuation coefficient of soils with different textures is established.

优选的，在步骤S5中，单片微控器经过对电信号数据的处理，采集到土壤声度V_S和土壤声波衰减系数a；通过单片微控器内已储存好的针对不同质地土壤的声波速度及声波衰减系数的双声参量-土壤温度经验模型，只需选择土壤类型、土壤声度V_S和土壤声波衰减系数a代入所述的双声参量-土壤温度经验模型，便可推算出土壤温度值。Preferably, in step S5, the single-chip micro-controller collects the soil sound level V_S and the soil sound wave attenuation coefficient a through the processing of the electrical signal data; The dual-acoustic parameter-soil temperature empirical model of the sound wave velocity and sound wave attenuation coefficient, only need to select the soil type, soil sound V_S and soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a and substitute it into the dual-acoustic parameter-soil temperature empirical model to calculate the soil temperature value.

与现有技术相比具有以下的有益效果：Compared with the prior art, it has the following beneficial effects:

(1)、本发明的土壤温度声波检测方法基于声学原理，利用声波速度及声波衰减系数双参数来构建双声参量-土壤温度经验模型，从而反演土壤温度，具有经济型好、精度高且稳定性好。(1), the soil temperature acoustic wave detection method of the present invention is based on the acoustic principle, and uses the dual parameters of sound wave velocity and sound wave attenuation coefficient to construct a dual acoustic parameter-soil temperature empirical model, thereby reversing the soil temperature, which is economical, accurate and stable Good sex.

(2)、本发明的土壤温度声波检测装置采用插入土壤式的测量方法，无需对土壤进行挖掘处理，对土壤结构破环性极低，能够保护土壤原有结构和状态。(2) The soil temperature acoustic wave detection device of the present invention adopts a soil-inserting measurement method, which does not need to excavate the soil, has extremely low damage to the soil structure, and can protect the original structure and state of the soil.

(3)、本发明的土壤温度声波检测装置产生的声波，对人体无害，不会影响土壤生物的生存，无污染。(3) The sound waves generated by the soil temperature sound wave detection device of the present invention are harmless to the human body, will not affect the survival of soil organisms, and are non-polluting.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的土壤温度声波检测装置的立体结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the soil temperature acoustic wave detection device of the present invention.

图2为控制模块的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control module.

图3为本发明的土壤温度声波检测装置中的控制流程图，其中，箭头方向为信号的传递方向。Fig. 3 is a control flow chart of the soil temperature acoustic wave detection device of the present invention, wherein the direction of the arrow is the transmission direction of the signal.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

参见图1-图3，本发明的土壤温度声波检测装置包括壳体8、设置在壳体8上的探针、设置在探针上的声波发射器4和声波采集器5以及控制装置。1-3, the soil temperature acoustic detection device of the present invention includes ahousing 8, a probe disposed on thehousing 8, anacoustic wave emitter 4 and an acoustic wave collector 5 disposed on the probe, and a control device.

参见图1-图3，所述控制装置包括设置在壳体8上的操控模块以及设置在所述壳体8内的控制模块，其中，所述操控模块包括按键组件(即电源键1)以及触摸屏2；所述控制模块包括单片微控器10、脉冲放大模块11和信号调制模块12。Referring to FIGS. 1-3 , the control device includes a manipulation module disposed on thehousing 8 and a control module disposed in thehousing 8, wherein the manipulation module comprises a key assembly (namely, a power key 1) and aTouch screen 2; the control module includes a single-chip microcontroller 10, apulse amplification module 11 and asignal modulation module 12.

参见图1-图3，所述单片微控器10用于控制电信号的发射、拟声电信号的采集、测量时间的采集、测量结果的计算、分析、存储及触摸屏2的显示。Referring to FIGS. 1-3 , the single-chip micro-controller 10 is used to control the emission of electric signals, the collection of pseudo-acoustic electric signals, the collection of measurement time, the calculation, analysis, storage of measurement results and the display of thetouch screen 2 .

参见图1-图3，所述脉冲放大模块11通过线缆与所述单片微控器10以及所述声波发射器4相连接，包括发射信号滤波电路和脉冲放大电路；其中，所述发射信号滤波电路用于接收所述单片微控器10产生的脉冲电信号，减小脉冲电信号的交流成分，使得脉冲电信号规律且平滑；所述脉冲放大电路用于接收经过滤波处理的脉冲电信号，放大脉冲电信号的功率，使得经过功率放大处理的脉冲电信号足以驱动声波发射器4产生声波。Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, describedpulse amplifying module 11 is connected with describedmonolithic micro-controller 10 and describedacoustic wave transmitter 4 by cable, comprises transmitting signal filtering circuit and pulse amplifying circuit; Wherein, described transmitting The signal filtering circuit is used to receive the pulsed electrical signal generated by the single-chip micro-controller 10, to reduce the AC component of the pulsed electrical signal, so that the pulsed electrical signal is regular and smooth; the pulse amplifying circuit is used to receive the filtered pulse The electric signal amplifies the power of the pulse electric signal, so that the pulse electric signal processed by power amplification is sufficient to drive thesound wave transmitter 4 to generate sound waves.

参见图1-图3，所述信号调制模块12通过线缆与所述单片微控器10和所述声波采集器5相连接，包括拟声电信号滤波电路和拟声电信号放大电路；所述拟声电信号滤波电路用于接收由声波采集器5采集到的拟声电信号，并去除拟声电信号的噪声；所述拟声电信号放大电路用于接收经过滤波处理的拟声电信号，并放大拟声电信号波形幅度。Referring to FIGS. 1-3 , thesignal modulation module 12 is connected to the single-chip micro-controller 10 and the sound wave collector 5 through a cable, and includes an onomatopoeic electric signal filtering circuit and an onomatopoeic electric signal amplifying circuit; The pseudosound electric signal filter circuit is used to receive the pseudosound electric signal collected by the sound wave collector 5, and remove the noise of the pseudosound electric signal; the pseudosound electric signal amplifying circuit is used to receive the filtered pseudosound Electrical signal, and amplify the wave amplitude of the pseudo-acoustic electrical signal.

参见图1-图3，所述探针分为第一探针3和第二探针6，其中，所述第一探针3和所述第二探针6的底部均设置有用于插入土壤中的插入尖端；所述声波发射器4和所述声波采集器5分别设置在所述第一探针3和所述第二探针6上。Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, described probe is divided intofirst probe 3 andsecond probe 6, wherein, the bottom of describedfirst probe 3 and describedsecond probe 6 are all provided with for inserting into soil The insertion tip; theacoustic wave emitter 4 and the acoustic wave collector 5 are respectively arranged on thefirst probe 3 and thesecond probe 6 .

参见图1-图3，本发明的土壤温度声波检测装置还包括电源装置13，所述电源装置13用于给设备提供正常工作所需要的电源；另外，所述壳体8上也设置有充电口7，所述充电口7用于对所述电源装置13充电。Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, soil temperature acoustic wave detection device of the present invention also comprisespower supply device 13, and describedpower supply device 13 is used for providing the power needed for normal work to equipment; In addition, describedhousing 8 is also provided with charging The charging port 7 is used for charging thepower supply device 13 .

参见图1-图3，所述壳体8上设置有水平仪9，所述水平仪9用于观察所述第一探针3和所述第二探针6是否垂直插入土壤，从而保证装置位于水平面，测量区间属于同一水平线。Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, thehousing 8 is provided with alevel 9, and thelevel 9 is used to observe whether thefirst probe 3 and thesecond probe 6 are vertically inserted into the soil, so as to ensure that the device is located on a horizontal plane , the measurement interval belongs to the same horizontal line.

参见图1-图3，本发明的土壤温度声波检测方法的检测方法包括以下步骤：Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, the detection method of soil temperature acoustic wave detection method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

S1、启动电源，然后将所述第一探针3和所述第二探针6垂直插入待测土层中，调整所述第一探针3和所述第二探针6插入土层的深度，待设备处于水平位置后，在触摸屏2选择好待测土壤的土壤类型，启动土壤温度检测；S1, start the power supply, then vertically insert thefirst probe 3 and thesecond probe 6 into the soil layer to be tested, adjust the insertion of thefirst probe 3 and thesecond probe 6 into the soil layer Depth, after the device is in the horizontal position, select the soil type of the soil to be tested on thetouch screen 2, and start the soil temperature detection;

S2、单片微控器10接收到传来的土壤温度检测指令后，该单片微控器10内部定时器开始计时，与此同时，所述单片微控器10发送脉冲电信号至脉冲放大模块11，脉冲电信号经过所述发射信号滤波电路后减小了交流成分并变得规律平滑，再经过所述脉冲放电电路的放大处理，形成频率稳定且功率相当的脉冲电信号；S2. After the single-chip micro-controller 10 receives the transmitted soil temperature detection instruction, the internal timer of the single-chip micro-controller 10 starts counting. At the same time, the single-chip micro-controller 10 sends a pulse electrical signal toAmplifying module 11, the pulse electric signal reduces the AC component and becomes regular and smooth after passing through the transmission signal filter circuit, and then undergoes amplification processing by the pulse discharge circuit to form a pulse electric signal with stable frequency and equivalent power;

S3、声波发射器4接收到经过滤波和功率放大处理后的脉冲电信号，把脉冲电信号转换为机械振动，产生声波；S3, thesound wave transmitter 4 receives the pulse electric signal after filtering and power amplification processing, converts the pulse electric signal into mechanical vibration, and generates sound waves;

S4、产生的声波透射过待测土壤后，声波采集器5接收到携带有土壤信息的声波，并把声波转换为拟声电信号，拟声电信号经过信号调制模块12中的拟声电信号滤波电路和拟声电信号放大电路的噪声去除和信号放大处理后，被单片微控器10采集，此时，所述单片微控器10内部的定时器停止计时；S4, after the generated sound wave is transmitted through the soil to be tested, the sound wave collector 5 receives the sound wave carrying the soil information, and converts the sound wave into a pseudo-acoustic electrical signal, and the pseudo-acoustic electrical signal passes through the pseudo-acoustic electrical signal in thesignal modulation module 12 After the noise removal and signal amplification processing of the filter circuit and the pseudo-acoustic electrical signal amplification circuit, it is collected by the single-chip micro-controller 10. At this time, the timer inside the single-chip micro-controller 10 stops counting;

S5、所述单片微控器10对采集到的数据信号进行解析处理，得到声波波形、传递时间、土壤声速和声波衰减系数，并利用双声参量-土壤温度经验模型推算出待测土层的土壤温度；S5. The single-chip micro-controller 10 analyzes and processes the collected data signals to obtain the sound wave waveform, transmission time, soil sound velocity and sound wave attenuation coefficient, and uses the dual sound parameter-soil temperature empirical model to calculate the value of the soil layer to be tested. soil temperature;

S6、所述单片微控器10将最终土壤温度信息发送至触摸屏2，所述触摸屏2向用户显示出待测土层的土壤温度。S6. The single-chip microcontroller 10 sends the final soil temperature information to thetouch screen 2, and thetouch screen 2 displays the soil temperature of the soil layer to be measured to the user.

其中，在步骤S5中，所述的土壤声度V_S的采集步骤为：Wherein, in step S5, the collection steps of the soil sound V_S are:

所述单片微控器10发射电信号时，该单片微控器10内部的定时器开始计时，此时刻记为T_s；所述单片微控器10采集到拟声电信号时，该单片微控器10内部的定时器停止计时，此时刻记为T_e；电信号流经脉冲放大模块11和信号调制模块12的时间和为T_d1；所述声波发射器4和所述声波采集器5中的声信号和电信号相互转换的时间和为T_d2，从而得到声波在土壤传播的时间T＝T_e-T_s-T_d1-T_d2；已知声波发射器4和声波采集器5之间的距离即为土壤的传播距离S，因此，土壤声度V_S＝S/(T_e-T_s-T_d1-T_d2)。When the single-chip micro-controller 10 transmits an electric signal, the timer inside the single-chip micro-controller 10 starts counting, and this moment is recorded as T_s ; The timer inside this one-chip micro-controller 10 stops counting, and this moment is recorded as T_e ; The time sum of the electric signal flowing through thepulse amplification module 11 and thesignal modulation module 12 is T_d1 ; theacoustic wave transmitter 4 and the The time sum of the mutual conversion of the acoustic signal and the electrical signal in the acoustic wave collector 5 is T_d2 , thereby obtaining the time T=T_e -T_s -T_d1 -T_d2 of the sound wave propagating in the soil; the knownsound wave transmitter 4 and the sound wave The distance between the collectors 5 is the propagation distance S of the soil, therefore, the soil sound level V_S =S/(T_e -T_s -T_d1 -T_d2 ).

其中，在步骤S5中，土壤声波衰减系数a的采集步骤为：Wherein, in step S5, the acquisition steps of the soil acoustic wave attenuation coefficient a are:

单片微控器10对拟声电信号进行AD采样，持续得到电压值不同的数据记为U，以电压值数据U为纵坐标，采集时间t为横坐标，得到双声参量经过土壤后的波形图；取采集到的电压最大值U_max对应双声参量的波形幅值，电压最大值U_max与电压标准值U_n的比值为土壤声衰系数a，即a＝U_max/U_n。The single-chip micro-controller 10 performs AD sampling on the pseudo-acoustic electrical signal, and continuously obtains data with different voltage values, which is recorded as U. The voltage value data U is used as the ordinate, and the collection time t is used as the abscissa, to obtain the waveform of the dual-acoustic parameters after passing through the soil. Figure: Take the waveform amplitude of the collected maximum voltage U_max corresponding to the double-acoustic parameters, and the ratio of the maximum voltage U_max to the voltage standard value U_n is the soil sound attenuation coefficient a, that is, a=U_max /U_n .

其中，所述的双声参量-土壤温度经验模型的建立步骤为：Wherein, the establishment steps of described two-acoustic parameter-soil temperature empirical model are:

(1)、针对不同质地的土壤，保持土壤含水量不变的情况下，将密封好的待测土壤样品置于温控箱中，控制好温控箱内的温度，温度从0-40℃以5℃的梯度逐步递增，每个温度梯度保持12小时，使得土壤温度与温控箱温度一致，(1) For soils with different textures, keep the soil moisture content constant, put the sealed soil samples to be tested in the temperature control box, and control the temperature in the temperature control box, the temperature is from 0-40 °C Gradually increase with a gradient of 5°C, and keep each temperature gradient for 12 hours, so that the soil temperature is consistent with the temperature of the temperature control box,

(2)、利用声学仪器分别对0-40℃的不同温度梯度的土壤样品进行声波检测试验，得到不同温度梯度的土壤样品的声波速度V_s及声波衰减系数a；(2), using an acoustic instrument to carry out acoustic detection tests on soil samples with different temperature gradients of 0-40°C, and obtain the acoustic wave velocity V_s and the acoustic wave attenuation coefficient a of the soil samples with different temperature gradients;

(3)、针对不同质地不同含水量的土壤，分别制作土壤温度、土壤声速V_s和土壤声衰系数a的关系表格，对表格数据进行曲线拟合，得到与土壤声速V_S和土壤声衰系数a有关的土壤温度的函数，且每种质地的土壤单独对应一条函数；(3) For soils with different textures and different water contents, the relationship tables of soil temperature, soil sound velocity V_s and soil sound attenuation coefficient a are respectively made, and curve fitting is performed on the table data to obtain the relationship between soil sound velocity V_s and soil sound attenuation The function of the soil temperature related to the coefficient a, and each texture of soil corresponds to a separate function;

(4)、通过收集每种土壤的土壤声速V_S和土壤声衰系数a有关的土壤温度函数，建立针对不同质地土壤的声波速度及声波衰减系数的双声参量-土壤温度经验模型。(4) By collecting the soil temperature function related to the soil sound velocity V_S and the soil sound attenuation coefficient a of each soil, a dual-acoustic parameter-soil temperature empirical model for the sound wave velocity and sound wave attenuation coefficient of soils with different textures is established.

其中，在步骤S5中，单片微控器10经过对电信号数据的处理，采集到土壤声度V_S和土壤声波衰减系数a；通过单片微控器10内已储存好的针对不同质地土壤的声波速度及声波衰减系数的双声参量-土壤温度经验模型，只需选择土壤类型、土壤声度V_S和土壤声波衰减系数a代入所述的双声参量-土壤温度经验模型，便可推算出土壤温度值。Wherein, in step S5, the single-chip micro-controller 10 collects the soil sound V_S and the soil sound wave attenuation coefficient a through the processing of the electrical signal data; The dual-acoustic parameter-soil temperature empirical model of the acoustic velocity and acoustic attenuation coefficient of soil can be calculated by simply selecting the soil type, soil sound V_S and soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a into the dual-acoustic parameter-soil temperature empirical model soil temperature value.

上述为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述内容的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited by the above content, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention are all Replacement methods that should be equivalent are all included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The soil temperature acoustic wave detection device is characterized by comprising a shell, a probe arranged on the shell, an acoustic wave emitter and an acoustic wave collector which are arranged on the probe and a control device, wherein,

the control device comprises a control module arranged on the shell and a control module arranged in the shell, wherein the control module comprises a key assembly and a touch screen; the control module comprises a single-chip microcontroller, a pulse amplifying module and a signal modulating module, wherein,

the single-chip microcontroller is used for controlling the emission of electric signals, the acquisition of quasi-acoustic electric signals, the acquisition of measurement time, the calculation, analysis and storage of measurement results and the display of a touch screen;

the pulse amplification module is connected with the single-chip microcontroller and the sound wave transmitter through a cable and comprises a transmission signal filter circuit and a pulse amplification circuit; the transmitting signal filtering circuit is used for receiving the pulse electric signal generated by the single-chip microcontroller, reducing the alternating current component of the pulse electric signal and enabling the pulse electric signal to be regular and smooth; the pulse amplification circuit is used for receiving the pulse electric signal subjected to filtering treatment and amplifying the power of the pulse electric signal so that the pulse electric signal subjected to power amplification treatment is enough to drive the sound wave transmitter to generate sound waves;

the signal modulation module is connected with the single-chip microcontroller and the sound wave collector through a cable and comprises a quasi-acoustic-electric signal filter circuit and a quasi-acoustic-electric signal amplifying circuit; the sound-simulating electric signal filtering circuit is used for receiving the sound-simulating electric signal acquired by the sound wave acquisition device and removing noise of the sound-simulating electric signal; the quasi-acoustic-electric signal amplifying circuit is used for receiving the quasi-acoustic-electric signal subjected to filtering treatment and amplifying the waveform amplitude of the quasi-acoustic-electric signal;

the probes are divided into a first probe and a second probe, wherein the bottoms of the first probe and the second probe are respectively provided with an insertion tip for being inserted into soil; the sound wave emitter and the sound wave collector are respectively arranged on the first probe and the second probe.

2. The soil temperature acoustic wave detection device of claim 1, further comprising a power supply device for providing power required for normal operation of the apparatus.

3. The soil temperature acoustic wave detection device according to claim 2, wherein a charging port for charging the power supply device is provided on the housing.

4. The soil temperature acoustic wave detection device of claim 1, wherein a level gauge is provided on the housing, the level gauge being configured to observe whether the first probe and the second probe are vertically inserted into the soil.

5. The detection method of the soil temperature acoustic wave detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, starting a power supply, vertically inserting a first probe and a second probe into a soil layer to be detected, adjusting the insertion depth of the first probe and the second probe into the soil layer, selecting the soil type of the soil to be detected on a touch screen after the device is in a horizontal position, and starting soil temperature detection;

s2, after receiving a transmitted soil temperature detection instruction, the single-chip microcontroller starts timing by an internal timer, and simultaneously, the single-chip microcontroller sends a pulse electric signal to a pulse amplification module, the pulse electric signal reduces alternating current components and becomes regular and smooth after passing through the transmitting signal filtering circuit, and then the pulse electric signal with stable frequency and equivalent power is formed after amplification treatment of the pulse discharging circuit;

s3, the sound wave transmitter receives the pulse electric signals after filtering and power amplification treatment, and converts the pulse electric signals into mechanical vibration to generate sound waves;

s4, after the generated sound wave is transmitted through the soil to be detected, the sound wave collector receives the sound wave carrying the soil information and converts the sound wave into an quasi-sound electric signal, and the quasi-sound electric signal is collected by the single-chip microcontroller after noise removal and signal amplification treatment of a quasi-sound electric signal filter circuit and a quasi-sound electric signal amplifying circuit in the signal modulation module, and at the moment, a timer in the single-chip microcontroller stops timing;

s5, analyzing the acquired data signals by the single-chip microcontroller to obtain acoustic waveforms, transmission time, soil sound velocity and acoustic attenuation coefficients, and calculating the soil temperature of the soil layer to be detected by using a binaural parameter-soil temperature empirical model;

and S6, the single-chip microcontroller sends the final soil temperature information to the touch screen, and the touch screen displays the soil temperature of the soil layer to be detected to a user.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S5, the soil sound level V_S The acquisition steps of (1) are as follows:

when the single-chip microcontroller transmits an electric signal, a timer in the single-chip microcontroller starts to count, and the time is recorded as T_s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the single-chip microcontroller collects the quasi-acoustic electric signal, a timer in the single-chip microcontroller stops timing, and the time is recorded as T_e The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The sum of the time of the electric signal flowing through the pulse amplifying module and the signal modulating module is T_d1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Acoustic wave transmitter and acoustic wave collector, and time sum of mutual conversion of acoustic signal and electric signal is T_d2 Thereby obtaining the time T=T of the sound wave traveling in the soil_e -T_s -T_d1 -T_d2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance between the sound wave emitter and the sound wave collector is the propagation distance S of the soil, the ceramic and the soil sound degree V_S ＝S/(T_e -T_s -T_d1 -T_d2 )。

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S5, the step of collecting the soil acoustic wave attenuation coefficient a is:

the single-chip microcontroller performs AD sampling on the quasi-acoustic electric signals, continuously obtains data with different voltage values, records the data as U, takes the voltage value data U as an ordinate and the acquisition time t as an abscissa, and obtains a waveform chart of the binaural parameters after the soil passes through; taking the acquired maximum value U of the voltage_max Waveform amplitude, voltage maximum U corresponding to two-tone parameter_max And the voltage standard value U_n The ratio of (a) is the soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a, i.e. a=u_max /U_n 。

8. The method for detecting the soil temperature acoustic wave according to claim 7, wherein the step of establishing the binaural parameter-soil temperature empirical model is as follows:

(1) Under the condition of keeping the water content of the soil unchanged aiming at the soil with different textures, the sealed soil sample to be measured is placed in a temperature control box, the temperature in the temperature control box is controlled, the temperature is gradually increased from 0 ℃ to 40 ℃ with 5 ℃, each temperature gradient is kept for 12 hours, the soil temperature is consistent with the temperature of the temperature control box,

(2) Respectively carrying out acoustic wave detection tests on soil samples with different temperature gradients of 0-40 ℃ by using an acoustic instrument to obtain acoustic wave speeds V of the soil samples with different temperature gradients_s An acoustic attenuation coefficient a;

(3) Respectively preparing soil temperature and soil sound velocity V aiming at the soil with different textures and different water contents_s And a relation table of soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a, performing curve fitting on table data to obtain a sound velocity V of the soil_S A function of soil temperature related to the soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a, and each soil of each texture corresponds to a function independently;

(4) By collecting the speed of sound V of each soil_S And (3) establishing a double-sound parameter-soil temperature empirical model aiming at the sound wave speeds and the sound wave attenuation coefficients of the soil with different textures according to a soil temperature function related to the soil sound attenuation coefficient a.

9. The method for detecting a soil temperature acoustic wave according to claim 7, wherein in step S5, the single-chip microcontroller processes the electrical signal data to acquire a soil sound level V_S And a soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a; through the stored double-sound parameter-soil temperature empirical model aiming at the sound wave speeds and the sound wave attenuation coefficients of the soil with different textures in the single-chip microcontroller, only the soil type and the soil sound degree V need to be selected_S And substituting the soil acoustic wave attenuation coefficient a into the binaural parameter-soil temperature empirical model to calculate the soil temperature value.

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