CN1159668C - Data Visualization Methods for Computational Fluid Dynamics in Process Metallurgy - Google Patents
Data Visualization Methods for Computational Fluid Dynamics in Process MetallurgyDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
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Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域：Technical field:
本发明涉及一种过程冶金中计算流体力学的数据可视化方法，用于冶金等行业的计算机辅助设计计算，属于计算机图形学及过程冶金技术领域。The invention relates to a data visualization method of computational fluid dynamics in process metallurgy, which is used for computer-aided design calculations in industries such as metallurgy, and belongs to the technical fields of computer graphics and process metallurgy.
背景技术：Background technique:
计算流体力学(CFD)起初是在航天领域创立的，是在传统的实验和解析的方法之后的一种研究流体及传热的方法。在过程冶金领域，CFD模型方法可以用来进行连铸中间包内钢水的流动和传热计算。中间包是连铸生产中最重要的反应器之一，因为流动稳定分布影响着中间包内夹杂物的上浮和铸坯晶粒的尺寸，其内钢液的流动方式和温度分布将对钢坯的质量产生直接的影响。因此，国内外很多研究者都十分重视对其的研究。Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was originally created in the field of aerospace. It is a method of studying fluid and heat transfer after traditional experimental and analytical methods. In the field of process metallurgy, the CFD model method can be used to calculate the flow and heat transfer of molten steel in the continuous casting tundish. The tundish is one of the most important reactors in continuous casting production, because the flow stability distribution affects the floating of inclusions in the tundish and the grain size of the slab, and the flow mode and temperature distribution of the molten steel in the tundish will affect the slab. Quality has a direct impact. Therefore, many researchers at home and abroad attach great importance to its research.
冶金工业中CFD可视化主要是要完成两个方面的工作，建立流场场景和提供交互工具，建立流场场景即是绘制流场中各个物理量的分布情况。概括其主要内容有：a)几何体与网格的显示评估；b)计算过程的显示和流体的结构辨识；c)结果的显示和分析；d)数据比较。CFD visualization in the metallurgical industry is mainly to complete two aspects of work, the establishment of the flow field scene and the provision of interactive tools, the establishment of the flow field scene is to draw the distribution of various physical quantities in the flow field. Its main contents are summarized as follows: a) display and evaluation of geometry and grid; b) display of calculation process and identification of fluid structure; c) display and analysis of results; d) data comparison.
在冶金工业的CFD可视化实际研究工作中，国内外许多科研人员发现，大量的计算数据无法结合实际模型可视化，目前主要的工作是基于普适的数据处理平台进行一定的二次开发，这样的问题有：a)不能将中间包的几何外形、网格数据、流量场、温度场、浓度场与计算数据相结合，无法实现真正的中间包计算的“可视化”；b)难以实现基于CFD模型计算结果的任意指定截面的浓度场、温度场数据预处理和可视化工作；c)计算过程和数据的可视化中人机交互困难；d)程序扩展受到普适数据处理平台的限制，无法实现程序的模块化，可扩展性差。In the actual research work of CFD visualization in the metallurgical industry, many researchers at home and abroad have found that a large amount of calculation data cannot be combined with the actual model visualization. At present, the main work is to carry out certain secondary development based on the universal data processing platform. Such problems There are: a) the geometric shape, grid data, flow field, temperature field, concentration field of the tundish cannot be combined with the calculation data, and the real "visualization" of the tundish calculation cannot be realized; b) it is difficult to realize the calculation based on the CFD model Data preprocessing and visualization of the concentration field and temperature field of any specified cross-section of the results; c) Human-computer interaction is difficult in the calculation process and data visualization; d) The program expansion is limited by the universal data processing platform, and the program module cannot be realized , poor scalability.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种实用的过程冶金中计算流体力学的数据可视化方法，解决CFD大量数据的可视化，使设计计算便于检查调整，并使程序实现具有很好的扩展性。The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a practical data visualization method for computational fluid dynamics in process metallurgy, to solve the visualization of a large amount of CFD data, to make the design calculation easy to check and adjust, and to make the program realization have good expansion sex.
为实现这样的目的，本发明的技术方案中，结合计算机可视化技术，在网格划分模块提出基于集合理论的网格划分方法，充分利用可视化数据(即图形数据)，实现网格自动划分。后处理中，实现了浓度场、温度场等值线的图形化、速度矢量场图形化、夹杂物运动数据图形化，使得CFD大量数据实现有效的可视化。In order to achieve such purpose, in the technical solution of the present invention, in combination with computer visualization technology, a grid division method based on set theory is proposed in the grid division module, and the visualization data (ie graphic data) is fully utilized to realize automatic grid division. In the post-processing, the graphics of the concentration field and temperature field isoline, the velocity vector field graphics, and the graphics of the movement data of the inclusions are realized, so that a large amount of CFD data can be effectively visualized.
本发明的方法包括如下具体步骤：Method of the present invention comprises following specific steps:
1、构架绘图平台1. Framework drawing platform
利用VB图形编程技术设计绘图平台，该平台也用于网格的显示。在平台主界面上包括绘制不同图形，以及线型、线宽及颜色选项。绘图平台图形显示窗口由三个视图平面构成，分别实现了绘图直角坐标系与屏幕坐标系的自动转换。根据不同中间包外形结构要求，该平台比例尺可调，以实现其通用化。Using VB graphics programming technology to design a drawing platform, the platform is also used to display the grid. The main interface of the platform includes drawing different graphics, as well as line type, line width and color options. The graphics display window of the drawing platform is composed of three viewing planes, which respectively realize the automatic conversion between the drawing Cartesian coordinate system and the screen coordinate system. According to the requirements of different tundish shapes and structures, the scale of the platform can be adjusted to realize its generalization.
2、确定绘图对象的数据结构2. Determine the data structure of the drawing object
绘图平台可以用来绘制不同的中间包对象。为了能够使网格自动生成程序准确识别使用者所绘出是哪一种图形，很有必要确定一种数据结构。数据结构包括图形说明符号a，相对(或绝对)坐标说明符b，坐标数据c、d、e、f(圆形例外，在坐标数据处只包括c、d、e三项)，线宽g，颜色h。a-h在绘图时会赋给确定的符号或数据，这样的数据结构可以将绘出每一个图形唯一确定下来。The drawing platform can be used to draw different tundish objects. In order to enable the automatic grid generation program to accurately identify which kind of graphics the user draws, it is necessary to determine a data structure. The data structure includes graphic description symbol a, relative (or absolute) coordinate specifier b, coordinate data c, d, e, f (except for circles, which only include three items of c, d, and e at the coordinate data), and line width g , color h. a-h will be assigned certain symbols or data when drawing, and such a data structure can uniquely determine each figure drawn.
3、定义边界3. Define boundaries
在中间包的结构中，还包括了一些其它结构，如挡渣墙、钢水进出的管、钢水液面及塞棒，有时可能在挡渣墙上还有孔。通常情况下，认为边界是指中间包的外轮廓。本发明中，将这种概念推广，认为当两种相位交接的地方即形成了边界。In the structure of the tundish, some other structures are also included, such as the slag retaining wall, the pipe for entering and leaving the molten steel, the liquid steel level and the stopper rod, and sometimes there may be holes in the slag retaining wall. Normally, the boundary is considered to refer to the outer contour of the tundish. In the present invention, this concept is extended, and it is considered that a boundary is formed where two phases meet.
4、划分网格4. Grid division
对于中间包这种形式的容器，划分的网格一般采用方形网格。由于对中间包的网格划分提出了许多规则，如每个方向的网格数范围(a)，网格间距要求(b)，网格对称要求(c)，以及网格局部加大划分密度(d)等。这就给科研人员对不同的中间包生成网格带来了诸多不便。For a container in the form of a tundish, the divided grid generally adopts a square grid. Since many rules are proposed for the grid division of the tundish, such as the range of grid numbers in each direction (a), the grid spacing requirements (b), the grid symmetry requirements (c), and the local increase of grid division density (d) etc. This brings a lot of inconvenience to researchers for generating grids from different tundishes.
由于上述四种网格划分的规则之间可能会产生某种互相的制约关系，本发明利用集合的思路来解决这个问题，将满足(a)、(b)条规则的网格线归为第一类集合，记为A；将满足第(c)条规则的网格归为第二类集合，记为B；同理，满足第(d)条规则的网格归为第三类集合，记为C。将这三个集合进行划分层次分类，A属于第一层次，属于首先进行划分的一类网格，B、C均属于第二层次，是在A网格的基础上进行划分，并根据集合交、并算法进行二次划分，这样得到了网格划分初始结果集合D，利用第(d)条规则进行一次所有网格的扫描，将不符合要求的网格线剔除，得到最终的网格结果。Since there may be some mutual constraints between the above four grid division rules, the present invention uses the idea of set to solve this problem, and the grid lines satisfying the rules (a) and (b) are classified as the first One type of collection, denoted as A; the grids satisfying the rule (c) are classified as the second type of collection, denoted as B; similarly, the grids satisfying the rule (d) are classified as the third type of collection, Denote it as C. Divide these three sets into hierarchical classification, A belongs to the first level, belongs to the first class of grids, B and C belong to the second level, is divided on the basis of A grid, and according to the intersection of sets , and the algorithm is divided twice, so that the initial result set D of grid division is obtained, and the rule (d) is used to scan all the grids once, and the grid lines that do not meet the requirements are eliminated, and the final grid result is obtained .
A集合通过初始给定的一个网格数来确定，通常A集合在整幅图中是均匀分布的，是网格划分的基础；B、C集合则是利用在绘图平台绘中间包时，同时确定的图形数据库中的数据，并根据规则(c)确定。以集合的定义式可以得到D集合的表达式：Set A is determined by an initially given grid number. Usually, set A is evenly distributed in the whole picture, which is the basis of grid division; set B and C are used when drawing tundish on the drawing platform, and at the same time Determine the data in the graph database and determine it according to rule (c). The expression of the D set can be obtained by the definition of the set:
D＝A-E+B+C式中E集合与B、C的取值位置相关，是那些不符合第(c)条规则的网格线的集合，它们实际上是A的子集。D=A-E+B+C In the formula, the E set is related to the value positions of B and C, and it is the set of grid lines that do not meet the rule (c), and they are actually a subset of A.
5、浓度场、温度场的实现5. Realization of concentration field and temperature field
基本思路是从实际绘图区域的边界开始，利用线性插值逐网格追踪每条等值线，得到各等值线在对应穿过的网格边上等值点的坐标，然后根据实际需要确定是否需要平滑处理，经过判断后的处理数据(新的坐标点)存放在一个新的数组或数据链表中(视数据量的大小)，再连接这些坐标点即可得到连续的光滑等值线。等值线可以分为从边界开始到边界结束的等值线和从内部封闭的等值线两种情况。其基本原理是首先从绘图区边界或内部网格的边界上求得一个等值点(等值线和网格边的交点)，然后由该点出发，判断下一个等值点的坐标，直到下一个等值点落在绘图区域边界上或与起点重合，这样就完成了一条等值线的追踪。The basic idea is to start from the boundary of the actual drawing area, use linear interpolation to track each isoline grid by grid, and obtain the coordinates of each isoline on the corresponding grid edge, and then determine whether to Smooth processing is required, and the processed data (new coordinate points) after judgment are stored in a new array or data linked list (depending on the size of the data volume), and then connecting these coordinate points can obtain continuous smooth contours. Contours can be divided into two cases: contours starting from the boundary and ending at the boundary and contours closed from the inside. The basic principle is to first obtain an equivalence point (the intersection point of the contour line and the grid edge) from the boundary of the drawing area or the boundary of the internal grid, and then start from this point to judge the coordinates of the next equivalence point until The next contour point falls on the boundary of the drawing area or coincides with the starting point, thus completing the tracing of a contour line.
在邻接等值点的追踪过程中，实际是对一个网格内的等值线连接问题。分析一个网格内的等值线的连接情况，在已知网格边上的一个等值点的前提下，可以根据相应情况得到另一个等值点的坐标。In the process of tracking adjacent isovalue points, it is actually a problem of connecting isovalue lines in a grid. Analyze the connection of isolines in a grid, and on the premise of knowing one isovalue point on the edge of the grid, the coordinates of another isovalue point can be obtained according to the corresponding situation.
为了得到较为顺滑的曲线，必须对曲线进行平滑处理。曲线平滑的方法有T-N方法、Bezier方法、B样条方法、三次样条方法或最小二乘方法。In order to obtain a smoother curve, the curve must be smoothed. Curve smoothing methods include T-N method, Bezier method, B-spline method, cubic spline method or least squares method.
在一般的开发工具都提供了对封闭区域的填充函数。例如在Windows API中提供了函数FillRgn，可是实现对任意封闭多边形进行填充。因此，等值线的填充算法主要解决如何确定两条等值线之间的区域，以及确定用什么颜色(根据设定的颜色标尺)。但是，由于任意两条等值线之间的区域的形状极不规则，因此，单纯的从确定两条等值线间的区域的思路出发将会使得问题变得极为复杂，但是我们可以观察等值线生成的基本规律，利用等值线追踪方法得到的顺序坐标点，并产生封闭等值线区域，然后采用API函数实现对其自动填充。考虑到过程冶金中间包的浓度场、温度场填充的不同要求，即根据要求填充部分或指定封闭的等值线区域，则需手工拾取封闭区域种子点后再填充该种子点所在封闭区域。Common development tools provide functions for filling closed areas. For example, the function FillRgn is provided in Windows API, which can realize filling any closed polygon. Therefore, the filling algorithm of the contour mainly solves how to determine the area between the two contours, and determine what color to use (according to the set color scale). However, since the shape of the area between any two isovalue lines is extremely irregular, simply starting from the idea of determining the area between two isovalue lines will make the problem extremely complicated, but we can observe that The basic law of value line generation is to use the sequential coordinate points obtained by the contour tracking method to generate a closed contour area, and then use the API function to realize its automatic filling. Considering the different requirements for filling the concentration field and temperature field of the process metallurgical tundish, that is, filling part or specifying the closed contour area according to the requirements, it is necessary to manually pick the seed point of the closed area and then fill the closed area where the seed point is located.
6、速度矢量场的实现6. Realization of Velocity Vector Field
CFD模型的速度矢量场数据包含了速度矢量分布节点信息(中间包网格节点信息)和速度矢量的信息(速度矢量在空间上的大小、方向)。由于速度矢量分布节点信息数据实际与中间包的物理尺寸同一数量级，而速度矢量的三维空间信息数据的数量级和对应的节点数据的数量级相差甚远，故可采取的方法有：①速度矢量数据的预处理，使得两者转换到同一个数量级以便可视化；②采取相对坐标进行程序实现。现已知三维中间包的网格数据和速度矢量在空间三个方向分量的小大。The velocity vector field data of the CFD model contains the velocity vector distribution node information (tundish grid node information) and velocity vector information (the size and direction of the velocity vector in space). Since the velocity vector distribution node information data is actually of the same order of magnitude as the physical size of the tundish, and the magnitude of the velocity vector three-dimensional space information data is far from the corresponding node data magnitude, the methods that can be adopted are: ① Velocity vector data Preprocessing, so that the two are converted to the same order of magnitude for visualization; ② Use relative coordinates for program implementation. It is known that the grid data of the 3D tundish and the size and magnitude of the components of the velocity vector in the three directions of space.
在三维速度矢量模型中，速度矢量起点坐标A(xi，yi，zi)(i＝1，…，n n为中间包网格划分的格数)即为中间包的网格节点数据，各列数据对应即为X/Y/Z三个方向上的网格的相对坐标。数据速度矢量的大小AB＝r和方位角分别为α、φ、γ，三维模型根据投影关系简化为二维平面模型后，可以有如下结论：In the three-dimensional velocity vector model, the velocity vector starting point coordinates A(xi , yi , zi ) (i=1,..., n n is the number of grid divisions of the tundish grid) is the grid node data of the tundish, Each column of data corresponds to the relative coordinates of the grid in the three directions of X/Y/Z. The size of the data velocity vector is AB=r and the azimuth angle is α, φ, γ respectively. After the three-dimensional model is simplified into a two-dimensional plane model according to the projection relationship, the following conclusions can be drawn:
二维X-Y平面(其它平面同理)的绝对坐标分别为：The absolute coordinates of the two-dimensional X-Y plane (other planes are the same) are:
上式中λ为比例系数，c1、c2为常数。In the above formula, λ is a proportional coefficient, and c1 and c2 are constants.
7、夹杂物数据的三维动画模拟显示7. Three-dimensional animation simulation display of inclusion data
采用保存夹杂物在时间序列上的各帧图像(位图文件方式)的方式实现夹杂物动画模拟。The animation simulation of inclusions is realized by saving the images of each frame of inclusions in time series (bitmap file mode).
本发明采用了计算机可视化技术，在网格划分模块提出基于集合理论的网格划分方法，充分利用可视化数据(即图形数据)，实现网格自动划分，并实现了浓度场、温度场等值线的图形化、速度矢量场图形化、夹杂物运动数据图形化，使得CFD大量数据实现有效的可视化。解决CFD大量数据的可视化，使整个设计计算便于检查调整，并使程序实现具有很好的扩展性。具体的有益效果有：The present invention adopts computer visualization technology, proposes a grid division method based on set theory in the grid division module, makes full use of the visualized data (that is, graphic data), realizes automatic grid division, and realizes concentration field, temperature field contours Graphical graphics, velocity vector field graphics, and inclusion motion data graphics enable effective visualization of large amounts of CFD data. Solve the visualization of a large amount of CFD data, make the entire design calculation easy to check and adjust, and make the program realize good scalability. The specific beneficial effects are:
1、过程冶金CFD模型的大量数据可视化技术是数据可视化研究的一个热点和难点，本发明可用于冶金等行业的计算机辅助设计计算，具有特别重要意义和实用价值；1. A large amount of data visualization technology of process metallurgy CFD model is a hot spot and difficulty in data visualization research. The present invention can be used for computer-aided design calculations in metallurgy and other industries, and has special significance and practical value;
2、采用模块化的面对对象的程序实现具有很好的扩展性，可以在现有的基础上不断扩充可视化的内容，具有很好的扩展性。2. It adopts modular object-oriented program to achieve good scalability, and can continuously expand the visualized content on the existing basis, which has good scalability.
3、算法设计针对性强，可以解决CFD的大量数据的可视化，使得设计计算更加便于检查和调整。3. The algorithm design is highly targeted and can solve the visualization of a large amount of CFD data, making the design calculation easier to check and adjust.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为本发明实施例各种边界定义示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of definitions of various boundaries according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明网格内等值线连接情况示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of contour lines in the grid of the present invention.
图3为速度矢量可视化模型示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the velocity vector visualization model.
图4为本发明可视化实现的计算机界面显示。Fig. 4 is the computer interface display of the visualization implementation of the present invention.
其中：图4(a)为中间包的绘图平台和网格自动生成界面；Among them: Figure 4(a) is the drawing platform and grid automatic generation interface of the tundish;
图4(b)为中间包浓度场自动生成及图形显示界面；Figure 4(b) is the automatic generation and graphic display interface of the tundish concentration field;
图4(c)为中间包速度场自动生成及图形显示界面；Figure 4(c) is the automatic generation and graphic display interface of the tundish velocity field;
图4(d)为中间包及其浓度场的三维显示界面；Figure 4(d) is the three-dimensional display interface of the tundish and its concentration field;
图4(e)为中间包及其速度场的三维显示界面；Fig. 4 (e) is the three-dimensional display interface of the tundish and its velocity field;
图4(f)夹杂物动画模拟界面。Fig. 4(f) Animation simulation interface of inclusions.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
为了更好地理解本发明的技术方案，以下通过附图及对本发明的实施方式作进一步描述。In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings and the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below.
1、中间包边界定义详解1. Detailed definition of tundish boundary
如图1所示，1代表管壁边界，每一个管对应两个矩形(剖面图中两侧的管壁)；2代表了挡渣墙边界，每一堵挡墙也要用矩形绘制；3代表了由液面所围成的边界，通常在液面以上就不在被计算程序考虑；4代表了塞棒边界类型；5、6、8代表中间包外轮廓所形成的边界；7代表了孔边界类型；9、10代表了中间包轮廓中出管处的边界；边界定义有两种用途，一种是可以简化计算的工作量。有限差分法是将原结构划分成很多小的分块，如果能得出边界以外的部分，省去程序对这些部分差分点的计算，可很大提高计算效率，如在液面以上的部分，或在挡渣墙内的部分的差分点都可以省去，而不去计算。另外一个用途是已知了边界，还可以计算出中间包内钢水的体积，可供后处理中使用。并且可以由边界信息确定边界外差分点的位置，这样在后处理中只显示钢水中的温度场、浓度场的等值线，云图等更符合实际情况。As shown in Figure 1, 1 represents the boundary of the pipe wall, and each pipe corresponds to two rectangles (pipe walls on both sides in the cross-sectional view); 2 represents the boundary of the slag retaining wall, and each retaining wall should also be drawn with a rectangle; 3 Represents the boundary surrounded by the liquid surface, usually above the liquid surface is not considered by the calculation program; 4 represents the type of stopper boundary; 5, 6, 8 represent the boundary formed by the outer contour of the tundish; 7 represents the hole Boundary type; 9 and 10 represent the boundary of the exit pipe in the tundish outline; the boundary definition has two purposes, one is to simplify the workload of calculation. The finite difference method is to divide the original structure into many small blocks. If the part outside the boundary can be obtained, the program can save the calculation of the difference points of these parts, which can greatly improve the calculation efficiency. For example, the part above the liquid surface, Or the differential points of the part inside the slag retaining wall can be omitted and not calculated. Another use is that the boundary is known, and the volume of molten steel in the tundish can also be calculated, which can be used in post-processing. And the position of the differential point outside the boundary can be determined by the boundary information, so that in the post-processing, only the temperature field and the contour line of the concentration field in the molten steel are displayed, and the cloud map is more in line with the actual situation.
2、浓度场、温度场的实现时采用的等值线追踪算法2. Contour tracking algorithm used in the realization of concentration field and temperature field
浓度场、温度场的实现时，需采用等值线追踪算法。该算法在邻接等值点的追踪过程中，实际是对一个网格内的等值线连接问题。分析一个网格内的等值线的连接情况，在已知网格边上的一个等值点的前提下，可以穷举为如图2的8种情况，即可得到另一个等值点的坐标。依次类推，直到下一个等值点落在绘图区域边界上或与起点重合，这样就完成了一条等值线的追踪。随后进行等值线的平滑判断和封闭区域填充处理。When the concentration field and temperature field are realized, the contour tracing algorithm needs to be used. In the process of tracking adjacent isopoints, this algorithm is actually a problem of connecting isolines in a grid. To analyze the connection of isolines in a grid, on the premise of knowing an isovalue point on the edge of the grid, it can be exhaustively enumerated into 8 situations as shown in Figure 2, and then the other isovalue point can be obtained coordinate. And so on, until the next isovalue point falls on the boundary of the drawing area or coincides with the starting point, thus completing the tracing of a contour line. Then the smooth judgment of the contour line and the filling process of the closed area are carried out.
3、速度矢量模型3. Velocity vector model
在三维速度矢量模型中，速度矢量起点坐标A(xi，yi，zi)(i＝1，…，n n为中间包网格划分的格数)即为中间包的网格节点数据，各列数据对应即为X/Y/Z三个方向上的网格的相对坐标。数据速度矢量的大小 AB＝r和方位角分别为α、φ、γ，三维模型可以根据投影关系简化为二维X-Y(其他平面同理)平面的模型处理，如图3所示，可以有如下结论：In the three-dimensional velocity vector model, the velocity vector starting point coordinates A(xi , yi , zi ) (i=1,..., n n is the number of grid divisions of the tundish grid) is the grid node data of the tundish, Each column of data corresponds to the relative coordinates of the grid in the three directions of X/Y/Z. The size AB=r of the data velocity vector and the azimuth angle are respectively α, φ, γ, and the three-dimensional model can be simplified to the model processing of the two-dimensional XY (other planes are the same) plane according to the projection relationship, as shown in Figure 3, can have as follows in conclusion:
F、E点在二维X-Y平面的绝对坐标分别为：The absolute coordinates of points F and E on the two-dimensional X-Y plane are:
上式中λ为比例系数，λ＝ BF/ AB＝ BE/ AB，该系数决定了矢量箭头图形的箭羽的长短，一般取λ＝0.4。c1、c2为角度常数，一般分别取190、170。4、本发明实施例对过程冶金(中间包)的CFD模型计算数据的可视化技术分析，采用面向对象的模块化的程序实现，如图4所示。In the above formula, λ is the proportional coefficient, λ=BF/AB=BE/AB, this coefficient determines the length of the fletching of the vector arrow graphic, generally λ=0.4. c1 and c2 are angle constants, which are generally 190 and 170 respectively. 4. The embodiment of the present invention uses an object-oriented modular program to realize the visualization technology analysis of the CFD model calculation data of process metallurgy (tundish), such as Figure 4 shows.
(1)图4(a)为中间包的绘图平台和网格自动生成界面，在该平台上可以实现中间包绘制并结合网格划分要求，自动划分网格和产生网格数据。(1) Figure 4(a) shows the drawing platform and grid automatic generation interface of the tundish. On this platform, the drawing of the tundish can be realized and combined with the grid division requirements, the grid can be automatically divided and the grid data can be generated.
(2)图4(b)为中间包浓(温)度场自动生成及图形显示界面。浓(温)度场等值线的层数、标尺颜色、显示浓(温)度范围、显示中间包及网格等参数均可以通过人机交互进行选择。(2) Figure 4(b) is the automatic generation and graphic display interface of the tundish concentration (temperature) field. Concentration (temperature) field contour layers, scale color, display concentration (temperature) range, display tundish and grid and other parameters can be selected through human-computer interaction.
(3)图4(c)为中间包速度场自动生成及图形显示界面。速度场的矢量表示依据标准矢量(0.2m/s)显示，且可以用不同的颜色、箭头的长短、方向来丰富地表示速度场。中间包各个界面的速度场显示以及显示的参数均可以通过人机交互进行选择和控制。(3) Figure 4(c) is the automatic generation and graphic display interface of the tundish velocity field. The vector representation of the velocity field is displayed based on the standard vector (0.2m/s), and the velocity field can be expressed richly with different colors, arrow lengths, and directions. The velocity field display and displayed parameters of each interface of the tundish can be selected and controlled through human-computer interaction.
(4)图4(d)为中间包及其浓度场的三维显示界面。在该界面可以建立三维中间包对象，然后把相应需要显示的浓度场通过图形变换的方法显示成三维浓度场。显示界面可以通过输入的办法指定。(4) Figure 4(d) is a three-dimensional display interface of the tundish and its concentration field. In this interface, a three-dimensional tundish object can be established, and then the corresponding concentration field to be displayed can be displayed as a three-dimensional concentration field through graphic transformation. The display interface can be specified by input.
(5)图4(e)为中间包及其速度场的三维显示界面。在建立的三维中间包内显示指定的三个界面的三维速度场。其算法实质是三维模型简化为二维X-Y平面的模型处理。(5) Figure 4(e) is a three-dimensional display interface of the tundish and its velocity field. Display the 3D velocity fields of the specified three interfaces in the created 3D tundish. The essence of the algorithm is to simplify the three-dimensional model into two-dimensional X-Y plane model processing.
(6)图4(f)夹杂物动画模拟界面。采用在单位间隔时间内(时间序列)创建图像(位图文件方式)的方式，并将各幅图像转换为连续的多帧图像的方式，用Windows Media Player等媒体播放器实现夹杂物动画模拟。(6) Figure 4(f) Animation simulation interface of inclusions. Using the method of creating images (bitmap file method) within a unit interval time (time sequence), and converting each image into a continuous multi-frame image, use media players such as Windows Media Player to realize the animation simulation of inclusions.
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| CN105893762B (en)* | 2016-04-05 | 2018-09-14 | 北京大学 | HEAT EXCHANGE ANALYSIS method and system based on physical recovering method melting slag waste heat |
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| CN112464543B (en)* | 2021-01-28 | 2021-04-06 | 北京科技大学 | Method for calculating movement of inclusions in VIM smelting process |
| CN116522824B (en)* | 2023-06-15 | 2023-12-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Lake surface multilayer flow field visualization method considering scale adaptation |
| CN117250158B (en)* | 2023-09-28 | 2024-04-12 | 北京科技大学 | Tundish evaluation method and system based on ink staining test area change |
| CN118071801A (en)* | 2024-03-26 | 2024-05-24 | 山东浪潮智水数字科技有限公司 | Flow velocity field display method, equipment and medium based on coordinate transformation |
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