CN115953174A - Food safety traceability system based on fragment block chain technology - Google Patents
Food safety traceability system based on fragment block chain technologyDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
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Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及计算机软件应用系统领域，具体是涉及一种利用分片区块链技术作为底层架构的在食品安全溯源方向应用的系统。The present invention relates to the field of computer software application systems, and in particular to a system for food safety traceability that utilizes sharded blockchain technology as an underlying architecture.
背景技术Background Art
区块链技术近年来发展迅速，其利用密码学作为基本技术，建立一种去中心化、去信任、集体维护的可靠数据库。随着应用场景的丰富，以及用户量的急增，其固有缺陷慢慢暴露出来，即去中心化的应用的TPS过低，无法满足大量用户的并发访问，导致交易阻塞。基于此，分片区块链的技术从中产生。分片区块链将分布式节点分别处理部分交易，最后汇总统一到主链上，不仅加快交易速度，而且降低存储成本，适用于大规模用户的应用。区块链应用在食品安全溯源领域上，虽然有先例，但交易速度和时间受到经典区块链自身结构限制，另外也包含中心化数据库来管理数据、用户登陆等，对信息安全的保障不足。Blockchain technology has developed rapidly in recent years. It uses cryptography as a basic technology to establish a decentralized, trustless, and collectively maintained reliable database. With the enrichment of application scenarios and the rapid increase in the number of users, its inherent defects have gradually been exposed, that is, the TPS of decentralized applications is too low to meet the concurrent access of a large number of users, resulting in transaction blockage. Based on this, the technology of sharded blockchain was born. Sharded blockchain processes part of the transaction on distributed nodes separately, and finally aggregates and unifies them on the main chain, which not only speeds up the transaction speed, but also reduces the storage cost, and is suitable for large-scale user applications. Although there are precedents for the application of blockchain in the field of food safety traceability, the transaction speed and time are limited by the structure of the classic blockchain itself. In addition, it also includes a centralized database to manage data and user login, which is insufficient to ensure information security.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种基于分片区块链技术的食品安全溯源系统。以NEAR链作为区块链基础架构，首先其分片的特点能够解除交易速度和时间的限制，并且完全舍弃以中心数据库来管理数据、用户登录的方法，将数据完全存储于区块链上，用户直接和区块链交互，能够有效保障用户信息安全。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a food safety traceability system based on sharded blockchain technology in view of the deficiencies of the prior art. Taking the NEAR chain as the blockchain infrastructure, first of all, its sharding characteristics can remove the limitations of transaction speed and time, and completely abandon the method of managing data and user login with a central database, and store the data completely on the blockchain. Users directly interact with the blockchain, which can effectively protect user information security.
本发明包含信息存储模块、溯源展示模块、智能合约模块；The present invention includes an information storage module, a traceability display module, and a smart contract module;
所述信息存储模块包括溯源信息存储单元和管理员信息存储单元，所述信息存储模块采用带有分片技术的区块链作为数据的存储结构，以智能合约为入口，管理员将溯源信息通过智能合约的作用存储在分片区块链的数据库中，另外最高权限者也将通过智能合约将管理员的信息存储在区块链中；The information storage module includes a traceability information storage unit and an administrator information storage unit. The information storage module uses a blockchain with sharding technology as a data storage structure and uses smart contracts as an entry. The administrator stores the traceability information in the database of the sharded blockchain through the function of the smart contract. In addition, the highest authority will also store the administrator's information in the blockchain through the smart contract.
所述溯源展示模块包括权限管理单元、信息更新单元、信息查询单元，溯源展示模块作为前端入口，权限管理单元用于最高权限者添加、删除管理员，信息更新单元用于对溯源环节中的信息进行更新；信息查询单元用于用户查询溯源信息；The traceability display module includes an authority management unit, an information update unit, and an information query unit. The traceability display module serves as a front-end entrance. The authority management unit is used by the highest authority to add and delete administrators. The information update unit is used to update the information in the traceability link. The information query unit is used by users to query traceability information.
所述智能合约模块设在信息存储模块和溯源展示模块的交互中间，用于部署在区块链上的一段代码，规定包括权限管理、溯源信息查询、溯源信息更新的规则。The smart contract module is located in the middle of the interaction between the information storage module and the traceability display module. It is a piece of code deployed on the blockchain and stipulates rules including authority management, traceability information query, and traceability information update.
(1)get_metadata接口：该接口用于获得智能合约的基本信息，包括最高权限者、管理的溯源生命周期的数量、管理员账号等；(1) get_metadata interface: This interface is used to obtain basic information of the smart contract, including the highest authority, the number of traceability lifecycles managed, administrator account, etc.
(2)add_admin接口：该接口仅对最高权限者有效，用于添加管理员；(2) add_admin interface: This interface is only valid for the highest authority and is used to add administrators;
(3)remove_admin接口：该接口仅对最高权限者有效，用于删除管理员；(3) remove_admin interface: This interface is only valid for the highest authority and is used to delete the administrator;
(4)get_trace接口：该接口用于根据溯源周期的唯一字段查询溯源周期；(4) get_trace interface: This interface is used to query the traceability period based on the unique field of the traceability period;
(5)get_trace_by_life_cycle接口：该接口用于根据溯源周期的唯一字段以及溯源环节来查询整个溯源周期；(5) get_trace_by_life_cycle interface: This interface is used to query the entire traceability cycle based on the unique field and traceability link of the traceability cycle;
(6)update_life_cycle接口：该接口仅对最高权限者和管理员有效，用于更新溯源环节中的信息；(6) update_life_cycle interface: This interface is only valid for the highest authority and administrator, and is used to update the information in the traceability link;
所述溯源包括4个环节的溯源，分别为：种植环节溯源、生产环节溯源、物流环节溯源和销售环节溯源；溯源模块用于建立一种数据结构可根据溯源周期的唯一字段查询一种物品的溯源周期；The traceability includes traceability of four links, namely: traceability of planting link, traceability of production link, traceability of logistics link and traceability of sales link; the traceability module is used to establish a data structure that can query the traceability period of an item according to the unique field of the traceability period;
所述溯源展示模块为基于web建立用户端的入口应用模块，利用NEAR协议的web端工具near-api-js实现登陆功能，用于不同类型用户使用在区块链上注册的账户进行私钥进行登陆，并且根据用户类型，为用户分配不同的功能权限；The traceability display module is an entry application module for establishing a user end based on the web, and uses the web-end tool near-api-js of the NEAR protocol to implement the login function. It is used for different types of users to log in using the private key of the account registered on the blockchain, and different functional permissions are allocated to users according to the user type;
所述用户按类型分为：The users are divided into types:
(1)普通用户或消费者：对普通用户或消费者仅开放get_trace接口(查询接口)，普通用户或消费者仅有查询溯源流程、对特定溯源环节进行查询的功能权限；(1) Ordinary users or consumers: Only the get_trace interface (query interface) is open to ordinary users or consumers. Ordinary users or consumers only have the functional authority to query the traceability process and query specific traceability links;
(2)管理员：对管理员开放除add_admin和remove_admin以外的接口，管理员用户具有更新溯源信息功能权限；(2) Administrator: All interfaces except add_admin and remove_admin are open to administrators, and administrators have the authority to update traceability information;
(3)最高权限者或root用户：对最高权限者或root用户开放所有智能合约接口，最高权限者或root用户具有所有权限，包括添加管理员和移除管理员。(3) Highest authority or root user: All smart contract interfaces are open to the highest authority or root user, who has all permissions, including adding and removing administrators.
本发明所述基于分片区块链技术的食品安全溯源系统，可通过以下步骤建立实现：The food safety traceability system based on sharded blockchain technology of the present invention can be established and implemented through the following steps:
1)利用多台服务器作为区块链验证节点，在各个服务器上配置NEAR协议，成为该私有链的验证节点之一；1) Use multiple servers as blockchain verification nodes, configure the NEAR protocol on each server, and become one of the verification nodes of the private chain;
2)开发智能合约模块接口，实现农产品溯源智能合约的功能；2) Develop smart contract module interface to realize the function of agricultural product traceability smart contract;
3)在搭建的私有链上创建NEAR账户并利用NEAR协议的命令行工具near-cli部署该智能合约到该账户上，作为最高权限账户，最高权限拥有者初始化智能合约，赋予自己最高权限；3) Create a NEAR account on the private chain and use the NEAR protocol command line tool near-cli to deploy the smart contract to the account. As the highest authority account, the highest authority owner initializes the smart contract and grants himself the highest authority;
4)希望参与到更新溯源信息的用户,在该私有链上创建账户后向最高权限拥有者申请管理员权限,成为管理员之一，以参与溯源环节中的数据更新，且仅针对某个特定的溯源周期；管理员在自己的溯源环节中基于被赋予的权限对溯源信息进行更新；4) Users who wish to participate in updating the traceability information can create an account on the private chain and apply for administrator privileges from the highest authority holder to become one of the administrators to participate in data updates in the traceability process, and only for a specific traceability cycle; the administrator can update the traceability information in his own traceability process based on the granted privileges;
5)基于web建立用户端的入口应用(溯源展示模块)，普通用户或消费者访问智能合约中的查询方法，获得溯源信息。5) Establish a user-side entry application (traceability display module) based on the web, and ordinary users or consumers access the query method in the smart contract to obtain traceability information.
在步骤3)中，最高权限可赋予政府机构，最高权限拥有者在区块链上建立自己的账户，并且在初始化智能合约时赋予自己的账户为root用户权限，拥有对智能合约的管理权；让所述智能合约是用户自行编写然后部署到区块链上的代码，具体实现代码已在开源平台GitHub上公开，可以参考https://github.com/max-mainnet/trace-js。In step 3), the highest authority can be granted to the government agency. The highest authority holder establishes his own account on the blockchain and grants his account root user authority when initializing the smart contract, and has the management right to the smart contract; the smart contract is a code written by the user and then deployed on the blockchain. The specific implementation code has been made public on the open source platform GitHub, and can be referenced at https://github.com/max-mainnet/trace-js.
在步骤4)中，所述希望参与到更新溯源信息的用户,在该私有链上创建账户后向最高权限拥有者申请管理员权限的具体步骤可为：不同溯源环节的执行者向最高权限者申请管理员权限，并且附上所需要的管理环节和溯源周期的唯一字段或标志将要新建立一个溯源周期,最高权限者通过智能合约的add_admin接口将申请者列入管理员列表，并记录该管理员的对所申请的管理环节的管理权。In step 4), the user who wants to participate in updating the traceability information creates an account on the private chain and then applies for administrator rights from the highest authority holder. The specific steps are as follows: the executors of different traceability links apply for administrator rights from the highest authority holder, and attach the required management links and the unique field or mark of the traceability cycle to establish a new traceability cycle. The highest authority holder lists the applicant in the administrator list through the add_admin interface of the smart contract and records the administrator's management rights over the applied management links.
在步骤4)中，所述管理员在自己的溯源环节中基于被赋予的权限对溯源信息进行更新的具体步骤可为：在溯源生命周期的环节中，可根据溯源周期中的唯一字段、当前溯源环节、当前溯源环节更新的信息，对智能合约进行方法访问来对智能合约中记录的数据进行更新；所述管理员包括种植环节的管理员、生产环节的管理员、物流环节中的管理员、销售环节的管理员；所述种植环节的管理员，用于传入溯源周期中的唯一字段、种植环节的字段、植物的生长信息来更新该株植物种植环节信息；所述生产环节的管理员，用于传入溯源周期中的唯一字段、生产环节的字段、包装信息来更新该次包装中的生产环节信息；所述物流环节中的管理员，用于传入溯源周期中的唯一字段、物流环节的字段、运输信息来更新该车次中的物流环节信息；所述销售环节的管理员，用于传入溯源周期中的唯一字段、销售环节的字段、订单信息来更新该订单中的生产环节信息。In step 4), the specific steps for the administrator to update the traceability information in his own traceability link based on the granted authority can be: in the link of the traceability life cycle, the method access to the smart contract can be performed to update the data recorded in the smart contract according to the unique field in the traceability cycle, the current traceability link, and the information updated in the current traceability link; the administrator includes the administrator of the planting link, the administrator of the production link, the administrator of the logistics link, and the administrator of the sales link; the administrator of the planting link is used to pass in the unique field in the traceability cycle, the field of the planting link, and the growth information of the plant to update the planting link information of the plant; the administrator of the production link is used to pass in the unique field in the traceability cycle, the field of the production link, and the packaging information to update the production link information in the package; the administrator in the logistics link is used to pass in the unique field in the traceability cycle, the field of the logistics link, and the transportation information to update the logistics link information in the vehicle; the administrator of the sales link is used to pass in the unique field in the traceability cycle, the field of the sales link, and the order information to update the production link information in the order.
在步骤5)中，所述基于web建立用户端的入口应用，基于web不受终端系统和类型的限制，无论在PC还是移动端都能实现功能，具有跨端优势；首先开放登陆功能，利用NEAR协议的web端工具near-api-js来实现登陆功能，用户输入自己的助记词后在链上记录登陆信息；根据智能合约中的get_metadata接口以及用户的登陆账号，识别出用户哪种类型的角色；所述消费者访问智能合约中的查询方法，获得溯源信息的具体步骤可为：消费者可根据订单中、物流信息中或包装中附上的溯源周期中的唯一字段访问智能合约中的查询方法，获得该唯一字段关联的所有溯源信息。In step 5), the web-based user-side portal application is established. The web-based application is not restricted by terminal systems and types, and can be used on both PC and mobile terminals, which has cross-terminal advantages. First, the login function is opened, and the web-side tool near-api-js of the NEAR protocol is used to implement the login function. After the user enters his or her mnemonic, the login information is recorded on the chain. According to the get_metadata interface in the smart contract and the user's login account, the user's role type is identified. The specific steps for the consumer to access the query method in the smart contract to obtain the traceability information are: the consumer can access the query method in the smart contract according to the unique field in the traceability cycle attached to the order, logistics information or packaging, and obtain all traceability information associated with the unique field.
与现有技术相比，本发明突出的技术效果如下：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following outstanding technical effects:
在溯源信息安全性方面：(1)使用区块链作为数据存储读写的基本架构，利用其抗篡改，且多节点集体维护的特性；不仅保证数据的真实性、安全性、透明度，而且加快数据的存储速度和处理速度，适用于用户量大的应用场景；In terms of traceability information security: (1) Blockchain is used as the basic architecture for data storage, reading and writing, taking advantage of its tamper-resistant and multi-node collective maintenance characteristics; it not only ensures the authenticity, security, and transparency of data, but also speeds up data storage and processing speeds, making it suitable for application scenarios with a large number of users;
(2)不采用传统集中式数据库的方式来管理用户权限，采用智能合约以及Dapp的登陆形式，防止恶意信息污染；相较于传统的auth权限用户登陆方式(输入账户密码，中心化后端以及数据库来校验)，本发明使用Dapp式登陆(私钥来登陆，链上记录登陆信息)，将登陆权限信息记录在区块链上，用户直接和去中心化区块链交互。这种方式不仅操作方便而且通过私钥登陆保证用户信息安全。(2) Instead of using the traditional centralized database to manage user rights, the present invention uses smart contracts and Dapp login to prevent malicious information pollution. Compared with the traditional auth permission user login method (entering account password, centralized backend and database verification), the present invention uses Dapp login (private key login, login information recorded on the chain), records login permission information on the blockchain, and users interact directly with the decentralized blockchain. This method is not only easy to operate, but also ensures user information security through private key login.
在大规模应用上的效果体现在：利用分片区块链的技术特点，针对经典区块链的在高并发场景下存储成本高，交易速度慢的缺陷，提升其单位时间内能处理的交易量，在业务上体现在能将溯源数据及时更新，让数据能够及时响应即反馈给用户。The effect on large-scale applications is reflected in: using the technical characteristics of sharded blockchain to improve the transaction volume that can be processed per unit time in order to address the defects of high storage costs and slow transaction speeds in classic blockchains in high-concurrency scenarios. In terms of business, it is reflected in the ability to update traceability data in a timely manner, so that data can be responded to and fed back to users in a timely manner.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明实施例的系统结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例的系统运行流程参考图。FIG. 2 is a reference diagram of the system operation process of an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
以下实施例将结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。The following embodiments will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参见图1，本发明系统包含信息存储模块、溯源展示模块、智能合约模块；Referring to FIG1 , the system of the present invention includes an information storage module, a traceability display module, and a smart contract module;
所述信息存储模块包括溯源信息存储单元和管理员信息存储单元，所述信息存储模块采用带有分片技术的区块链作为数据的存储结构，以智能合约为入口，管理员将溯源信息通过智能合约的作用存储在分片区块链的数据库中，另外最高权限者也将通过智能合约将管理员的信息存储在区块链中；The information storage module includes a traceability information storage unit and an administrator information storage unit. The information storage module uses a blockchain with sharding technology as a data storage structure and uses smart contracts as an entry. The administrator stores the traceability information in the database of the sharded blockchain through the function of the smart contract. In addition, the highest authority will also store the administrator's information in the blockchain through the smart contract.
所述溯源展示模块包括权限管理单元、信息更新单元、信息查询单元，溯源展示模块作为前端入口，权限管理单元用于最高权限者添加、删除管理员，信息更新单元用于对溯源环节中的信息进行更新；信息查询单元用于普通用户查询溯源信息；The traceability display module includes an authority management unit, an information update unit, and an information query unit. The traceability display module serves as a front-end entrance. The authority management unit is used by the highest authority to add and delete administrators. The information update unit is used to update the information in the traceability link. The information query unit is used by ordinary users to query the traceability information.
所述智能合约模块设在信息存储模块和溯源展示模块的交互中间，用于部署在区块链上的一段代码，规定包括权限管理、溯源信息查询、溯源信息更新的规则。The smart contract module is located in the middle of the interaction between the information storage module and the traceability display module. It is a piece of code deployed on the blockchain and stipulates rules including authority management, traceability information query, and traceability information update.
所述溯源包括4个环节的溯源，分别为：种植环节溯源、生产环节溯源、物流环节溯源和销售环节溯源；溯源模块用于建立一种数据结构可根据溯源周期的唯一字段查询一种物品的溯源周期；The traceability includes traceability of four links, namely: traceability of planting link, traceability of production link, traceability of logistics link and traceability of sales link; the traceability module is used to establish a data structure that can query the traceability period of an item according to the unique field of the traceability period;
所述溯源展示模块为基于web建立用户端的入口应用模块，利用NEAR协议的web端工具near-api-js实现登陆功能，用于不同类型用户使用在区块链上注册的账户进行私钥进行登陆，并且根据用户类型，为用户分配不同的功能权限；The traceability display module is an entry application module for establishing a user end based on the web, and uses the web-end tool near-api-js of the NEAR protocol to implement the login function. It is used for different types of users to log in using the private key of the account registered on the blockchain, and different functional permissions are allocated to users according to the user type;
所述用户按类型分为：The users are divided into types:
(1)普通用户或消费者：对普通用户或消费者仅开放get_trace接口(查询接口)，普通用户或消费者仅有查询溯源流程、对特定溯源环节进行查询的功能权限；(1) Ordinary users or consumers: Only the get_trace interface (query interface) is open to ordinary users or consumers. Ordinary users or consumers only have the functional authority to query the traceability process and query specific traceability links;
(2)管理员：对管理员开放除add_admin和remove_admin以外的接口，管理员用户具有更新溯源信息功能权限；(2) Administrator: All interfaces except add_admin and remove_admin are open to administrators, and administrators have the authority to update traceability information;
(3)最高权限者或root用户：对最高权限者或root用户开放所有智能合约接口，最高权限者或root用户具有所有权限，包括添加管理员和移除管理员；(3) The highest authority or root user: All smart contract interfaces are open to the highest authority or root user, who has all permissions, including adding and removing administrators;
图2给出本发明实施例基于分片区块链的食品安全系统运行的流程参考图，包括智能合约初始化、加入管理员、实际运作更新溯源数据、各角色用户使用等。具体步骤如下：FIG2 is a flowchart of the food safety system operation based on the sharded blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention, including smart contract initialization, adding administrators, updating traceability data in actual operation, and use by users of different roles. The specific steps are as follows:
步骤一：利用至少4台服务器作为区块链验证节点，在各个服务器上配置NEAR协议，成为该私有链的验证节点之一；Step 1: Use at least 4 servers as blockchain verification nodes, configure the NEAR protocol on each server, and become one of the verification nodes of the private chain;
步骤二：实现农产品溯源智能合约的功能,本发明共定义6个接口：Step 2: Implement the function of the agricultural product traceability smart contract. This invention defines 6 interfaces:
(1)get_metadata：用于获得智能合约基本信息，包括最高权限者、管理的溯源生命周期的数量、管理员账号等；(1) get_metadata: used to obtain basic information of smart contracts, including the highest authority, the number of traceability lifecycles managed, administrator account, etc.
(2)add_admin：该接口仅对最高权限者有效，用于添加管理员；(2) add_admin: This interface is only valid for the highest authority and is used to add administrators;
(3)remove_admin：该接口仅对最高权限者有效，用于删除管理员；(3)remove_admin: This interface is only valid for the highest authority and is used to delete the administrator;
(4)get_trace：用于根据溯源周期的唯一字段查询溯源周期；(4) get_trace: used to query the traceability period based on the unique field of the traceability period;
(5)get_trace_by_life_cycle：用于根据溯源周期的唯一字段以及溯源环节来查询整个溯源周期；(5) get_trace_by_life_cycle: used to query the entire traceability cycle based on the unique field and traceability link of the traceability cycle;
(6)update_life_cycle：该接口仅对最高权限者和管理员有效，用于更新溯源环节中的信息。(6) update_life_cycle: This interface is only valid for the highest authority and administrators and is used to update information in the traceability link.
具体实现代码可参考如下：The specific implementation code can be found as follows:
步骤三：在搭建的私有链上创建NEAR账户并利用NEAR协议的命令行工具near-cli部署该智能合约到该账户上，作为最高权限账户。Step 3: Create a NEAR account on the private chain and use the NEAR protocol command line tool near-cli to deploy the smart contract to the account as the highest authority account.
步骤四：申请者在该私有链上创建账户后，向最高权限者申请溯源环节的权限，且仅针对某个特定的溯源周期。Step 4: After the applicant creates an account on the private chain, he/she applies to the highest authority for permission for the traceability link, and only for a specific traceability period.
步骤五：基于web建立用户端的入口应用。基于web不受终端系统和类型的限制，无论在PC还是移动端都能实现功能，具有跨端优势。首先开放登陆功能，利用NEAR协议的web端工具near-api-js来实现登陆功能，用户输入自己的助记词后在链上记录登陆信息。根据智能合约中的get_metadata接口以及用户的登陆账号，可以识别出用户哪种类型的角色。在用户定义中一共有三种角色：(1)普通用户或消费者；(2)管理员；(3)最高权限者或root用户。对最高权限者或root用户开放所有智能合约接口；对管理员开放除add_admin和remove_admin以外的接口；对普通用户或消费者仅开放查询接口。Step 5: Establish a user-side portal application based on the web. Based on the web, it is not restricted by the terminal system and type, and can be implemented on both PC and mobile terminals, which has the advantage of cross-terminal. First, open the login function and use the NEAR protocol's web-side tool near-api-js to implement the login function. After the user enters his or her mnemonic, the login information is recorded on the chain. According to the get_metadata interface in the smart contract and the user's login account, the user's role type can be identified. There are three types of roles in the user definition: (1) ordinary user or consumer; (2) administrator; (3) highest authority or root user. All smart contract interfaces are open to the highest authority or root user; interfaces except add_admin and remove_admin are open to administrators; only query interfaces are open to ordinary users or consumers.
本发明在技术架构层面，使用带有夜影分片技术NEAR协议作为区块链架构，该架构不仅拥有通用的分片设计，即利用部分分布式节点负责部分交易，最后汇总到主链上的设计，另外其引入在验证者加入分片之前隐藏验证者的设计来增大验证者的腐败成本以防止其作恶。在权限管理方面，利用智能合约以及DApp(Decentralized Application)的登陆方式来控制用户权限，防止用户恶意写入无效溯源信息。通过区块链的分片设计来加快交易速率以及用户入口的验证把控，弥补现有食品安全溯源系统的不足。At the technical architecture level, the present invention uses the NEAR protocol with Night Shadow sharding technology as the blockchain architecture. This architecture not only has a general sharding design, that is, using some distributed nodes to be responsible for some transactions and finally summarizing them on the main chain, but also introduces a design that hides the verifier before the verifier joins the shard to increase the corruption cost of the verifier to prevent him from doing evil. In terms of authority management, smart contracts and DApp (Decentralized Application) login methods are used to control user permissions to prevent users from maliciously writing invalid traceability information. The sharding design of the blockchain is used to speed up the transaction rate and the verification and control of the user entrance, making up for the shortcomings of the existing food safety traceability system.
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