CN115950839A - A Super-resolution Spectral Analysis Method Based on Spectral Mapping - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a super-resolution spectral analysis method based on spectral mapping, which comprises the steps that a femtosecond pulse laser emits femtosecond pulses; the femtosecond pulse is mapped through a time domain and a frequency domain through time domain stretching, and frequency components are spread on the time domain; then the pulse enters a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and spectral information is mapped to a radio frequency domain from optical frequency according to an unbalanced dispersion method; loading an electrical frequency signal on a carrier wave in a sideband form by a microwave photonics signal processing method to form mapping from an electrical spectrum to a spectrum; and then the super-resolution diffraction grating is utilized to complete the super-resolution analysis of the spectrum. The invention realizes the mapping of signals from optical frequency to electrical frequency, the mapping of the electrical frequency to the optical frequency and the narrow-band super-resolution diffraction grating with the size of the sideband range near a carrier by utilizing an unbalanced dispersion method and a microwave photonics signal method, realizes the mapping of any position of a wide spectrum and super-resolution, and solves the problems that the broadband cannot realize high resolution and the narrow-band application scene is limited.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种基于光谱映射的超分辨光谱分析方法A super-resolution spectral analysis method based on spectral mapping

技术领域Technical Field

本发明涉及光谱技术领域，具体是一种基于光谱映射的超分辨光谱分析方法。The invention relates to the technical field of spectroscopy, and in particular to a super-resolution spectral analysis method based on spectral mapping.

背景技术Background Art

光谱技术与人类的生活息息相关，在遥感、医学、农业以及食品等领域都发挥着重要的作用。尤其是在遥感领域，接收到的返回信号通过光谱仪可以得到待测气体的吸收线，对分析气体、了解气体成分有着重大的作用。Spectroscopic technology is closely related to human life and plays an important role in remote sensing, medicine, agriculture, food and other fields. Especially in the field of remote sensing, the received return signal can be used to obtain the absorption line of the gas to be tested through the spectrometer, which plays a significant role in analyzing the gas and understanding the gas composition.

光谱仪又称分光仪，是将复色光分离成光谱的光学仪器。复色光通过狭缝进入色散元件，以色散元件将辐射源的电磁辐射分离出所需要的波长或波长区域，以光电倍增管等光探测器测量谱线不同波长位置强度的装置，并在选定的波长上进行强度测定。按照色散元件的不同可分为棱镜光谱仪、光栅光谱仪和干涉光谱仪等。A spectrometer, also known as a spectrometer, is an optical instrument that separates complex light into a spectrum. Complex light enters the dispersion element through a slit, and the dispersion element separates the electromagnetic radiation of the radiation source into the required wavelength or wavelength region. The device measures the intensity of the spectrum line at different wavelength positions with a photodetector such as a photomultiplier tube, and measures the intensity at the selected wavelength. According to the different dispersion elements, it can be divided into prism spectrometers, grating spectrometers, and interference spectrometers.

棱镜光谱仪是利用棱镜的色散作用，将非单色光按波长分开的装置。A prism spectrometer is a device that uses the dispersion effect of a prism to separate non-monochromatic light by wavelength.

干涉成像光谱仪是利用干涉原理获得一系列随光程差变化的干涉图样，通过反演可以得到目标物体的二维空间图像和一维光谱信息的仪器。Interference imaging spectrometer is an instrument that uses the interference principle to obtain a series of interference patterns that vary with the optical path difference. Through inversion, it can obtain the two-dimensional spatial image and one-dimensional spectral information of the target object.

光栅光谱仪，是将成分复杂的光分解为光谱线的科学仪器。通过光谱仪对光信息的抓取、以照相底片显影，或电脑化自动显示数值仪器显示和分析，从而测知物品中含有何种元素。由于本身具有高分辨率、宽光谱和高可靠性，光栅光谱仪是当今实验室里必备的光谱分析仪器。Grating spectrometer is a scientific instrument that decomposes complex light into spectral lines. By capturing light information with a spectrometer, developing it with photographic film, or displaying and analyzing it with a computerized automatic numerical display instrument, it is possible to determine what elements are contained in an object. Due to its high resolution, wide spectrum, and high reliability, grating spectrometers are essential spectral analysis instruments in today's laboratories.

光栅光谱仪主要由狭缝、色散元件和探测器组成，色散元件包括准直镜、光栅、聚焦镜。准直镜将从狭缝来的光反射到光栅上，通过光栅大量等宽等间距的平行狭缝，将复合光分解为单色光，再由聚焦镜聚焦到光电转换器，便可以在光谱仪上看到气体吸收线。The grating spectrometer is mainly composed of a slit, a dispersive element and a detector. The dispersive element includes a collimator, a grating and a focusing lens. The collimator reflects the light from the slit onto the grating, and the composite light is decomposed into monochromatic light through a large number of parallel slits of equal width and spacing on the grating. The light is then focused onto the photoelectric converter by the focusing lens, and the gas absorption line can be seen on the spectrometer.

但是，光栅光谱仪的分辨率受到衍射光栅的分辨本领和狭缝大小的限制。由于衍射光栅分辨本领随着光栅线色散和衍射级次的增大而增大，狭缝会导致光谱的展宽，使得光谱仪无法达到理论的分辨率。使得光栅光谱仪实现全波段的高分辨光谱分析是非常困难的，并且采用全波段光谱高分辨率衍射光栅花费且巨大几乎无法做到。However, the resolution of the grating spectrometer is limited by the resolution of the diffraction grating and the size of the slit. Since the resolution of the diffraction grating increases with the increase of the grating line dispersion and the diffraction order, the slit will cause the spectrum to be broadened, making it impossible for the spectrometer to reach the theoretical resolution. It is very difficult to achieve full-band high-resolution spectral analysis with a grating spectrometer, and it is almost impossible to use a full-band spectral high-resolution diffraction grating due to the huge cost.

由于在较窄的光谱范围内进行光谱的超分辨是可行的，光栅光谱仪在部分波段的分辨率比其他波段的分辨率要高很多，在特定光谱范围拥有高光谱分辨本领的衍射光栅，在其他光谱范围采用高分辨本领的衍射光栅，实现窄带范围的高分辨率光谱分析。但是窄带范围的高分辨率限制了这种光谱仪的应用场景无法实现将宽光谱在窄带进行超分辨。Since it is feasible to perform super-resolution of spectra in a narrow spectral range, the resolution of grating spectrometers in some bands is much higher than that in other bands. In a specific spectral range, a diffraction grating with high spectral resolution is used, and in other spectral ranges, a diffraction grating with high resolution is used to achieve high-resolution spectral analysis in a narrowband range. However, the high resolution in a narrowband range limits the application scenarios of this spectrometer and makes it impossible to achieve super-resolution of a wide spectrum in a narrowband.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供一种基于光谱映射的超分辨光谱分析方法，通过利用非平衡色散方法和微波光子学信号方法完成信号由光频至电频，电频到光频的映射，在窄带上采用超分辨率衍射光栅，将从微波光子信号处理系统出来的光，在载波附近边带范围大小的窄带超分辨率衍射光栅，实现将宽光谱任意位置映射并进行超分辨，解决了宽带不能高分辨，窄带应用场景有限的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a super-resolution spectral analysis method based on spectral mapping, which completes the mapping of signals from optical frequency to electrical frequency and electrical frequency to optical frequency by utilizing an unbalanced dispersion method and a microwave photonics signal method, and uses a super-resolution diffraction grating on a narrow band to map the light coming out of a microwave photonic signal processing system to a narrowband super-resolution diffraction grating of a sideband range near the carrier, so as to achieve mapping of any position of a wide spectrum and perform super-resolution, thereby solving the problem that broadband cannot have high resolution and narrowband application scenarios are limited.

本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

一种基于光谱映射的超分辨光谱分析方法，所述分析方法包括以下步骤：A super-resolution spectral analysis method based on spectral mapping, the analysis method comprising the following steps:

步骤1、飞秒脉冲激光器发射飞秒脉冲。Step 1: A femtosecond pulse laser emits a femtosecond pulse.

步骤2、通过时域拉伸将飞秒脉冲经过时域、频域进行映射，频率分量在时域上展开。Step 2: Map the femtosecond pulse through the time domain and frequency domain by time domain stretching, and expand the frequency component in the time domain.

步骤3、经过步骤2处理后的脉冲进入马赫曾德尔干涉仪，根据非平衡色散方法将光谱信息从光频映射至射频域。Step 3: The pulse processed in step 2 enters the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the spectral information is mapped from the optical frequency to the radio frequency domain according to the unbalanced dispersion method.

步骤4、通过微波光子学信号处理方法将电频信号以边带的形式加载到载波上，形成电谱到光谱的映射。Step 4: Load the electrical frequency signal onto the carrier in the form of a sideband through a microwave photonics signal processing method to form a mapping from the electrical spectrum to the optical spectrum.

步骤5、在载波附近利用超分辨率的衍射光栅，对调制后的边带光谱进行色散，完成光谱的超分辨率分析。Step 5: Use a super-resolution diffraction grating near the carrier to disperse the modulated sideband spectrum and complete super-resolution analysis of the spectrum.

进一步的，所述步骤3采用马赫曾德尔干涉仪对脉冲光光谱进行处理，马赫曾德尔干涉仪包括参考臂和探测臂，参考臂中的色散值较大，探测臂中无色散但是有待测气体；当脉冲经过参考臂时能够进行更强的色散，当脉冲经过探测臂时，会保留吸收峰；当两束相同的脉冲通过马赫曾德尔干涉仪两臂中不同的色散值使两束脉冲在时域上有细微差别，干涉时会进行相互的光谱采样，形成啁啾的时域干涉条纹。Furthermore, the step 3 uses a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to process the pulse light spectrum. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer includes a reference arm and a detection arm. The dispersion value in the reference arm is relatively large, and there is no dispersion in the detection arm but there is a gas to be measured; when the pulse passes through the reference arm, it can be more strongly dispersed, and when the pulse passes through the detection arm, the absorption peak will be retained; when two identical pulses pass through the different dispersion values in the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the two pulses have slight differences in the time domain, and mutual spectral sampling will be performed during interference to form chirped time-domain interference fringes.

进一步的，对啁啾的时域干涉条纹通过采用傅里叶变换将吸收线的特征映射到了电谱，完成光频至电频的下转换，傅里叶变换是一种线性的积分变换，是将脉冲时域上的吸收线映射至电频域上，探测脉冲的待测吸收线特征映射到了电谱中。Furthermore, the absorption line characteristics of the chirped time-domain interference fringes are mapped to the electrical spectrum by using Fourier transform, completing the down-conversion from optical frequency to electrical frequency. Fourier transform is a linear integral transform that maps the absorption lines in the pulse time domain to the electrical frequency domain. The absorption line characteristics of the detection pulse to be measured are mapped to the electrical spectrum.

进一步的，所述非平衡色散方法将光频范围为

至

的光谱拍频到无线电频率范围

至

，通过非平衡色散方法将光频范围为

至

的光谱拍频到无线电频率范围

至

，将探测脉冲的待测吸收线特征映射到电频谱中。Furthermore, the unbalanced dispersion method reduces the optical frequency range to

to

The spectrum beat frequency to the radio frequency range

to

, the optical frequency range is

to

The spectrum beat frequency to the radio frequency range

to

, mapping the absorption line characteristics of the detection pulse to be measured into the electrical spectrum.

进一步的，所述微波光子学信号处理方法将马赫曾德尔干涉仪中输出的微波信号输入到强度调制器中，然后将微波信号以边带的形式调制到载波信号上，通过微波光子学信号处理方法将微波信号以边带的形式调制到光载波上。Furthermore, the microwave photonics signal processing method inputs the microwave signal output from the Mach-Zehnder interferometer into an intensity modulator, and then modulates the microwave signal in the form of a sideband onto a carrier signal, and modulates the microwave signal in the form of a sideband onto an optical carrier through the microwave photonics signal processing method.

进一步的，所述步骤4利用微波光子学信号处理技术将无线电频率范围rf1至rf2的信号以边带的形式，通过调制器调制到载波

的一阶边频带上，完成电频至光频的映射，在载波两侧形成

至

或

至

，再将探测脉冲在电频谱上的吸收特征以边带的形式调制到光谱上。Furthermore, the step 4 uses microwave photonics signal processing technology to modulate the signal in the radio frequency range rf1 to rf2 in the form of sidebands to the carrier through a modulator.

The mapping from electrical frequency to optical frequency is completed on the first-order sideband of the carrier, forming

to

or

to

, and then modulate the absorption characteristics of the detection pulse in the electrical spectrum into the spectrum in the form of sidebands.

进一步的，所述步骤5通过输出的调制波由载波附近超分辨的衍射光栅进行空间色散，探测器接收，对微波信号进行处理，通过在窄带上采用超分辨率衍射光栅，将从微波光子信号处理系统出来的光，在载波

附近边带范围大小的窄带超分辨率衍射光栅，可实现对最初

至

的光谱进行超分辨。Furthermore, in step 5, the output modulated wave is spatially dispersed by a super-resolution diffraction grating near the carrier, and the detector receives and processes the microwave signal. By using a super-resolution diffraction grating in a narrow band, the light coming out of the microwave photon signal processing system is dispersed by a super-resolution diffraction grating near the carrier.

Narrowband super-resolution diffraction gratings with a size close to the sideband range can achieve the initial

to

Super-resolution of the spectrum.

本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:

本发明光谱分析方法通过利用非平衡色散方法和微波光子学信号方法完成信号由光频至电频，电频到光频的映射，通过在附近利用超分辨率的衍射光栅，便可以将宽光谱任意位置映射并进行超分辨，兼具宽谱的应用范围和窄带的高分辨率，解决了宽带不能高分辨，窄带应用场景有限的问题，能够对任意光谱进行超分辨。The spectral analysis method of the present invention completes the mapping of signals from optical frequency to electrical frequency and electrical frequency to optical frequency by utilizing the unbalanced dispersion method and the microwave photonics signal method. By utilizing a super-resolution diffraction grating nearby, a wide spectrum can be mapped to any position and super-resolved. It has both the application range of a wide spectrum and the high resolution of a narrow band, solving the problem that a wide band cannot have high resolution and that the application scenarios of a narrow band are limited, and can super-resolve any spectrum.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

图1是本发明光谱分析方法流程图；Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the spectrum analysis method of the present invention;

图2是本发明光谱与电频转换图；Fig. 2 is a spectrum and electric frequency conversion diagram of the present invention;

图3是本发明光谱分析方法的光路图；FIG3 is a light path diagram of the spectrum analysis method of the present invention;

其中，图3中的标号：100飞秒脉冲激发射装置、101飞秒激光雷达、102可调滤波器、200时域拉伸系统、201第一色散光纤、202第二色散光纤、203 EDFA掺铒光纤放大器、204第三色散光纤、205第四色散光纤、206掺铒光纤放大器、207偏振控制器、208起偏器、300非平衡色散系统、301耦合器、302待测气体、303起偏器、304偏振控制器、305延时器、306第五色散光纤、307第六色散光纤、308偏振控制器、309起偏器、310耦合器、400探测装置、401平衡探测器、402频谱仪、500微波光子学信号处理装置、501带通滤波器、502微波放大器、503直流激光器、504强度调制器、505准直镜、600接收装置、601特定范围超分辨衍射光栅、602探测器。3 : 100 femtosecond pulse excitation device, 101 femtosecond laser radar, 102 tunable filter, 200 time domain stretching system, 201 first dispersion optical fiber, 202 second dispersion optical fiber, 203 EDFA erbium-doped fiber amplifier, 204 third dispersion fiber, 205 fourth dispersion fiber, 206 erbium-doped fiber amplifier, 207 polarization controller, 208 polarizer, 300 unbalanced dispersion system, 301 coupler, 302 gas to be measured, 303 polarizer, 304 polarization controller, 305 delay device, 306 fifth dispersion fiber, 307 sixth dispersion fiber, 308 polarization controller, 309 polarizer, 310 coupler, 400 detection device, 401 balanced detector, 402 spectrometer, 500 microwave photonics signal processing device, 501 bandpass filter, 502 microwave amplifier, 503 DC laser, 504 intensity modulator, 505 collimator, 600 receiving device, 601 specific range super-resolution diffraction grating, 602 detector.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

结合图1、图2所示，一种基于光谱映射的超分辨光谱分析方法，分析方法包括以下步骤：As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , a super-resolution spectral analysis method based on spectral mapping includes the following steps:

步骤1、发射飞秒激光脉冲Step 1: Emitting femtosecond laser pulses

飞秒脉冲激光器发射飞秒脉冲，飞秒脉冲经过可编程滤波器对需要观测气体吸收特征的光谱进行选择。The femtosecond pulse laser emits femtosecond pulses, which pass through a programmable filter to select the spectrum of gas absorption characteristics that need to be observed.

步骤2、通过时域拉伸将飞秒激光的时域、频域进行映射，频率分量在时域上展开Step 2: Map the time domain and frequency domain of the femtosecond laser by time domain stretching, and expand the frequency component in the time domain

选择后的飞秒脉冲经过时域拉伸系统将脉冲展宽，由于进行时域拉伸的色散补偿光纤有插入损耗，应用掺铒光纤放大器EDFA对脉冲进行能量的放大。The selected femtosecond pulse is broadened by the time domain stretching system. Since the dispersion compensation optical fiber for time domain stretching has insertion loss, the erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA is used to amplify the energy of the pulse.

步骤3、基于非平衡色散方法将光谱信息从光频映射至射频域Step 3: Map the spectral information from the optical frequency to the radio frequency domain based on the unbalanced dispersion method

非平衡色散方法利用光在介质中传播的速度不同导致不同波长的光到达探测器的时间不同，通过测量时间的差异推算出脉冲光光谱，非平衡色散技术为两束相同的脉冲，分别同时通过不同的色散值，由于传播速度的差异两束相同的光在时域上产生微小的差异，通过测量时间的差异推算出的脉冲光光谱也有差异。The unbalanced dispersion method uses the different speeds of light propagating in the medium to cause different times for light of different wavelengths to arrive at the detector. The pulse light spectrum is calculated by measuring the difference in time. The unbalanced dispersion technology is two identical pulses that pass through different dispersion values at the same time. Due to the difference in propagation speed, the two identical light beams produce slight differences in the time domain. The pulse light spectrum calculated by measuring the difference in time is also different.

通过采用马赫曾德尔干涉仪对脉冲光光谱进行处理：马赫曾德尔干涉仪包括参考臂和探测臂，参考臂中的色散值较大，探测臂中无色散但是有待测气体；当脉冲经过参考臂时能够进行更强的色散，当脉冲经过探测臂时，会保留吸收峰；当两束相同的脉冲通过马赫曾德尔干涉仪两臂中不同的色散值使两束脉冲在时域上有细微差别。The pulse light spectrum is processed by using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer: the Mach-Zehnder interferometer includes a reference arm and a detection arm. The dispersion value in the reference arm is larger, and there is no dispersion in the detection arm but there is gas to be measured; when the pulse passes through the reference arm, it can be more strongly dispersed, and when the pulse passes through the detection arm, the absorption peak will be retained; when two identical pulses pass through the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the different dispersion values make the two pulses have slight differences in the time domain.

在非平衡色散系统中，脉冲进入马赫曾德尔干涉仪，通过两臂得到强度相等的两束脉冲。参考脉冲进行时域拉伸，探测脉冲经过待测气体，二者经过不同色散值的时域拉伸，在时域上有微小的差值。两束脉冲经过经过偏振系统，保证是同一个偏振态，在耦合器中耦合，由于两束脉冲在时域上有微小的差，干涉时会进行相互的光谱采样，形成啁啾的时域干涉条纹。In an unbalanced dispersion system, a pulse enters the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and two pulses of equal intensity are obtained through the two arms. The reference pulse is stretched in the time domain, and the detection pulse passes through the gas to be measured. The two pulses are stretched in the time domain with different dispersion values, and there is a slight difference in the time domain. The two pulses pass through the polarization system to ensure that they are in the same polarization state, and are coupled in the coupler. Since the two pulses have a slight difference in the time domain, they will perform mutual spectral sampling during interference, forming chirped time-domain interference fringes.

对啁啾的时域干涉条纹通过采用傅里叶变换将吸收线的特征映射到了电谱，完成光频至电频的下转换，傅里叶变换是一种线性的积分变换，是将脉冲时域上的吸收线映射至电频域上，探测脉冲的待测吸收线特征映射到了电谱中。The absorption line characteristics of the chirped time-domain interference fringes are mapped to the electrical spectrum by using Fourier transform, completing the down-conversion from optical frequency to electrical frequency. Fourier transform is a linear integral transform that maps the absorption lines in the pulse time domain to the electrical frequency domain. The absorption line characteristics of the detection pulse to be measured are mapped to the electrical spectrum.

非平衡色散方法将光频范围为

至

的光谱拍频到无线电频率范围

至

，通过非平衡色散方法将光频范围为

至

的光谱拍频到无线电频率范围

至

，将探测脉冲的待测吸收线特征映射到电频谱中。The unbalanced dispersion method extends the optical frequency range to

to

The spectrum beat frequency to the radio frequency range

to

, the optical frequency range is

to

The spectrum beat frequency to the radio frequency range

to

, mapping the absorption line characteristics of the detection pulse to be measured into the electrical spectrum.

步骤4、通过微波光子学信号处理方法将电频信号以边带的形式加载到载波上，形成电谱到光谱的映射Step 4: Load the electrical frequency signal onto the carrier in the form of a sideband through microwave photonics signal processing methods to form a mapping from electrical spectrum to optical spectrum.

微波光子学信号处理方法是将微波与光学融合的交叉学科，利用光子学方法处理微波信号，可以得到更高速的处理和更宽的带宽。Microwave photonics signal processing method is an interdisciplinary subject that integrates microwaves and optics. Using photonics methods to process microwave signals can achieve higher-speed processing and wider bandwidth.

经探测器后，先将马赫曾德尔干涉仪中输出的微波信号输入到强度调制器中，然后将微波信号以边带的形式调制到载波信号上，通过微波光子学信号处理方法将微波信号以边带的形式调制到光载波上，利用微波光子学信号处理技术将无线电频率范围rf1至rf2的信号以边带的形式，通过调制器调制到载波

的一阶边频带上，完成电频至光频的映射，在载波两侧形成

至

或

至

，再将探测脉冲在电频谱上的吸收特征以边带的形式调制到光谱上。After passing through the detector, the microwave signal output from the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is first input into the intensity modulator, and then the microwave signal is modulated onto the carrier signal in the form of a sideband. The microwave signal is modulated onto the optical carrier in the form of a sideband by the microwave photonics signal processing method. The signal in the radio frequency range RF1 to RF2 is modulated onto the carrier in the form of a sideband through the modulator using microwave photonics signal processing technology.

The mapping from electrical frequency to optical frequency is completed on the first-order sideband of the carrier, forming

to

or

to

, and then modulate the absorption characteristics of the detection pulse in the electrical spectrum into the spectrum in the form of sidebands.

步骤5、在载波

附近利用超分辨率的衍射光栅，对调制后的边带光谱进行色散，完成光谱的超分辨率分析Step 5: On the carrier

The super-resolution diffraction grating is used nearby to disperse the modulated sideband spectrum and complete the super-resolution analysis of the spectrum.

输出的调制波由载波附近超分辨的衍射光栅进行空间色散，探测器接收，对微波信号进行处理，通过在窄带上采用超分辨率衍射光栅，将从微波光子信号处理系统出来的光，在载波

附近边带范围大小的窄带超分辨率衍射光栅，可实现对最初

至

的光谱进行超分辨。The output modulated wave is spatially dispersed by a super-resolution diffraction grating near the carrier, received by the detector, and the microwave signal is processed. By using a super-resolution diffraction grating in a narrow band, the light coming out of the microwave photon signal processing system is dispersed in the carrier.

Narrowband super-resolution diffraction gratings with a size close to the sideband range can achieve the initial

to

Super-resolution of the spectrum.

载波

可根据采用要求任意选择，载波取近红外1.5μm，通过在

附近利用超分辨率的衍射光栅，便可以将宽光谱任意位置映射并进行超分辨，解决了宽带不能高分辨，窄带应用场景有限的问题，可以对任意光谱进行超分辨。Carrier

It can be selected according to the requirements. The carrier wave is near infrared 1.5μm.

By using a super-resolution diffraction grating nearby, it is possible to map and super-resolve a wide spectrum to any position, solving the problem that broadband cannot be highly resolved and narrowband application scenarios are limited. Any spectrum can be super-resolved.

在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims (7)

1. A super-resolution spectral analysis method based on spectral mapping, the analysis method comprising the steps of:

step 1, a femtosecond pulse laser emits femtosecond pulses;

step 2, mapping the femtosecond pulse through a time domain and a frequency domain by time domain stretching, and expanding frequency components on the time domain;

step 3, the pulse processed in the step 2 enters a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and spectral information is mapped to a radio frequency domain from optical frequency according to an unbalanced dispersion method;

step 4, loading the electrical frequency signal on a carrier wave in a sideband mode by a microwave photonics signal processing method to form mapping from an electric spectrum to a spectrum;

and 5, dispersing the modulated sideband spectrum by using a super-resolution diffraction grating near the carrier to finish the super-resolution analysis of the spectrum.

2. The super-resolution spectrum analysis method based on spectrum mapping according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used to process the spectrum of the pulsed light, the Mach-Zehnder interferometer comprises a reference arm and a detection arm, the dispersion value in the reference arm is large, and the detection arm has no dispersion but has the gas to be measured; when the pulse passes through the reference arm, stronger dispersion can be carried out, and when the pulse passes through the detection arm, an absorption peak can be reserved; when two identical pulses pass through different dispersion values in two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the two pulses have slight difference in time domain, mutual spectrum sampling can be carried out during interference, and chirped time domain interference fringes are formed.

3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the chirp time-domain interference fringes are subjected to Fourier transform to map the absorption line characteristics to the electric spectrum, so as to perform down-conversion of light frequency to electric frequency, the Fourier transform is a linear integral transform, the absorption line in the pulse time domain is mapped to the electric frequency domain, and the absorption line characteristics to be detected of the detection pulse are mapped to the electric spectrum.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-equilibrium dispersion method is used to shift the optical frequency range to a range of optical frequencies

To/is>

Is beaten to the radio frequency range->

To or>

The light frequency range is ≥ by means of an unbalanced dispersion method>

To or>

Is beaten to the radio frequency range->

To/is>

The absorption line characteristic to be measured of the probe pulse is mapped into the electrical spectrum.

5. The super-resolution spectrum analysis method based on the spectral mapping of claim 1, wherein the microwave photonic signal processing method inputs the microwave signal output from the mach-zehnder interferometer into the intensity modulator, modulates the microwave signal onto the carrier signal in a sideband manner, and modulates the microwave signal onto the optical carrier in a sideband manner through the microwave photonic signal processing method.

6. The method for super-resolution spectral analysis based on spectral mapping according to claim 5, wherein said step 4 modulates the signals in the radio frequency ranges rf1 to rf2 in the form of sidebands to the carrier wave by the modulator using microwave photonics signal processing technique

The mapping from the electrical frequency to the optical frequency is completed on the first-order side frequency band, and the->

To/is>

Or->

To/is>

The absorption characteristics of the probe pulse in the electrical spectrum are then modulated onto the spectrum in the form of sidebands.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the step 5 super-resolves the modulated wave by the carrier wave in the vicinity of the carrier waveThe diffraction grating is subjected to spatial dispersion, the detector receives the microwave signal, and the light from the microwave photon signal processing system is carried on a carrier wave by adopting a super-resolution diffraction grating on a narrow band

A narrowband super-resolution diffraction grating of size in the vicinity of a sideband range may be implemented for initially->

To/is>

The spectra of (a) are super-resolved. />

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