CN115930441A - Molten salt heat storage and peak regulation heat supply system coupling industrial waste heat and electric heat and control method thereof - Google Patents
Molten salt heat storage and peak regulation heat supply system coupling industrial waste heat and electric heat and control method thereofDownload PDFInfo
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Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及熔盐储热调峰供热领域，具体地说是一种耦合工业余热和电热的熔盐储热调峰供热系统及其控制方法。The invention relates to the field of molten salt heat storage and peak regulation heating supply, in particular to a molten salt heat storage peak regulation heating system coupled with industrial waste heat and electric heating and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
在以新能源为主体的新型电力系统形势下，2020年全国并网风电、光伏装机容量达到2.81亿千瓦和2.53亿千瓦，风电和光伏合计发电量占总发电量比重已达9.5％，但弃风和弃光电量仍有166亿千瓦时和52.6亿千瓦时，新能源消纳问题严重。此外，随着社会用电负荷规律变化，全国峰谷差率已提高至30％左右，影响了电力系统安全。而新能源的大量并网，新能源发电具有波动性、间歇性，影响电力系统稳定性。在新型电力系统建设中，储能技术不仅可以平抑用电侧的剧烈负荷波动，也可以吸收新能源的溢出部分，消纳新能源。同时，传统工业、建筑等领域主要依靠煤炭、天然气等化石能源燃烧来满足用热需求，通过利用储能实现绿色电能替代，将极大提升波动性可再生能源的电能消纳，有效降低碳排放，助力国家双碳目标实现。Under the new power system situation with new energy as the main body, the national grid-connected wind power and photovoltaic installed capacity will reach 281 million kilowatts and 253 million kilowatts in 2020, and the combined wind power and photovoltaic power generation accounted for 9.5% of the total power generation. There are still 16.6 billion kWh and 5.26 billion kWh of wind power and curtailed photovoltaic power, and the problem of new energy consumption is serious. In addition, with the change of social electricity load law, the national peak-to-valley difference rate has increased to about 30%, which has affected the safety of the power system. However, a large number of new energy sources are connected to the grid, and the power generation of new energy sources is volatile and intermittent, which affects the stability of the power system. In the construction of new power systems, energy storage technology can not only stabilize the severe load fluctuations on the power consumption side, but also absorb the overflow of new energy and absorb new energy. At the same time, traditional industries, construction and other fields mainly rely on the combustion of fossil energy such as coal and natural gas to meet heat demand. By using energy storage to replace green electricity, it will greatly improve the consumption of fluctuating renewable energy and effectively reduce carbon emissions. , to help realize the national double carbon target.
工业高温烟气余热数量大，分布广，如冶金、化工、建材、机械等行业的各种冶炼炉、加热炉中、内燃机中，高温烟气余热约占余热资源总量的50％左右，余热回收利用的潜力巨大。熔盐储能作为新能源发展的重要支撑点之一，既可以大规模集中应用于新能源废弃电力利用、电网调峰等领域，也可以分布式应用于清洁能源集中供热、冷热电联供等领域，如将工业余热和电热耦合互补，可显著提高能源利用效率，提升其应用经济性。The amount of industrial high-temperature flue gas waste heat is large and widely distributed. For example, in various smelting furnaces, heating furnaces, and internal combustion engines in metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials, machinery and other industries, the high-temperature flue gas waste heat accounts for about 50% of the total waste heat resources. The potential for recycling is huge. As one of the important support points for the development of new energy, molten salt energy storage can be used in large-scale and centralized applications in new energy waste power utilization, power grid peak shaving and other fields, and can also be distributed in clean energy centralized heating, cooling In fields such as power supply, for example, the coupling of industrial waste heat and electric heating can significantly improve energy utilization efficiency and improve its application economy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对工业余热利用、富余新能源电力消纳、电网削峰填谷、冷热电多能低碳高效供应等问题，本发明提供一种耦合工业余热和电热的熔盐储热调峰供热系统及其控制方法，达到工业余热利用、电力新能源/谷电消纳、电网调峰、清洁能源冷热电多能联供的目的，助力碳达峰和实现碳中和目标。Aiming at the problems of industrial waste heat utilization, surplus new energy power consumption, power grid shaving and valley filling, multi-energy low-carbon and high-efficiency supply of cooling, heating and electricity, the present invention provides a molten salt heat storage peak-shaving heating system that couples industrial waste heat and electric heating And its control method can achieve the purpose of industrial waste heat utilization, new power energy/valley power consumption, power grid peak regulation, clean energy cooling, heating and power multi-energy supply, and help carbon peak and achieve carbon neutrality goals.
为此，本发明采用的一种技术方案如下：耦合工业余热和电热的熔盐储热调峰供热系统，其包括熔盐加热系统、熔盐温控系统、熔盐储能系统、三级供热系统、汽轮机发电系统和循环冷却水系统；For this reason, a technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a molten salt heat storage peak-shaving heating system coupled with industrial waste heat and electric heating, which includes a molten salt heating system, a molten salt temperature control system, a molten salt energy storage system, three-stage Heat supply system, steam turbine power generation system and circulating cooling water system;
所述的熔盐加热系统包括工业余热利用器和电加热器，工业余热利用器与电加热器串联，工业余热利用器利用冶炼炉或加热炉中的高温烟气余热对低温熔盐进行预热，电加热器用于对预热后的熔盐进一步加热；The molten salt heating system includes an industrial waste heat utilization device and an electric heater, the industrial waste heat utilization device is connected in series with the electric heater, and the industrial waste heat utilization device uses the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas in a smelting furnace or a heating furnace to preheat the low-temperature molten salt , the electric heater is used to further heat the preheated molten salt;
所述的熔盐温控系统包括熔盐温控器和电再热器，熔盐温控器入口与电加热器出口连接，熔盐温控系统设有温度监测仪，通过电再热器对熔盐进行再次加热，加热后的熔盐进入电加热器中；The molten salt temperature control system includes a molten salt temperature controller and an electric reheater, the inlet of the molten salt temperature controller is connected to the outlet of the electric heater, the molten salt temperature control system is provided with a temperature monitor, and the electric reheater controls the The molten salt is reheated, and the heated molten salt enters the electric heater;
所述的工业余热利用器、电加热器和电再热器耦合互补；The industrial waste heat utilization device, the electric heater and the electric reheater are coupled and complementary;
所述的熔盐储能系统，包括依次相连的高温熔盐罐、高温熔盐泵、低温熔盐罐和低温熔盐泵，低温熔盐泵的出口与工业余热利用器的入口连接，熔盐温控器的出口与高温熔盐罐的入口连接；The molten salt energy storage system includes a high-temperature molten salt tank, a high-temperature molten salt pump, a low-temperature molten salt tank, and a low-temperature molten salt pump connected in sequence. The outlet of the low-temperature molten salt pump is connected to the inlet of an industrial waste heat utilization device. The outlet of the thermostat is connected with the inlet of the high temperature molten salt tank;
所述的三级供热系统，包括第一供热系统、第二供热系统和第三供热系统；The three-level heating system includes a first heating system, a second heating system and a third heating system;
所述的第一供热系统，包括串联的一级换热器、一级阀门和热水罐；第二供热系统包括串联的二级换热器、二级阀门和中低温蒸汽罐；第三供热系统包括串联的三级换热器、三级阀门和高温蒸汽罐；一级换热器、二级换热器和三级换热器三者串联，三级换热器的热介质入口与高温熔盐泵的出口连接，一级换热器的热介质出口与低温熔盐罐的入口连接，通过三个换热器与高温熔盐换热，能分别产生热水、中低温蒸汽和高温蒸汽，通过一级、二级及三级阀门分别控制热水、中低温蒸汽以及高温蒸汽流量；The first heat supply system includes a series-connected primary heat exchanger, a primary valve, and a hot water tank; the second heat supply system includes a series-connected secondary heat exchanger, a secondary valve, and a medium-low temperature steam tank; The three-stage heat supply system includes three-stage heat exchangers, three-stage valves and high-temperature steam tanks in series; the first-stage heat exchanger, the second-stage heat exchanger, and the third-stage heat exchanger are connected in series, and the heat medium of the three-stage heat exchanger The inlet is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature molten salt pump, and the heat medium outlet of the primary heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the low-temperature molten salt tank. Through three heat exchangers, it exchanges heat with the high-temperature molten salt to generate hot water and medium-low temperature steam respectively. and high-temperature steam, the flows of hot water, medium-low temperature steam and high-temperature steam are controlled respectively through the primary, secondary and tertiary valves;
所述的汽轮机发电系统，包括中间再热式汽轮机、蒸汽再热阀门、热交换器和发电机，中间再热式汽轮机连接发电机；高温熔盐泵泵出的高温熔盐一部分直接进入三级换热器，另一部分经高温熔盐阀门进入热交换器，换热后的熔盐进入二级换热器中；通过控制三级阀门调节进入中间再热式汽轮机中的高温蒸汽流量，热交换器对中间再热式汽轮机高压缸出来的蒸汽进行再热，实现汽轮机高效发电，蒸汽再热阀门用于调节进入热交换器中的蒸汽流量；The steam turbine power generation system includes an intermediate reheating steam turbine, a steam reheating valve, a heat exchanger and a generator, and the intermediate reheating steam turbine is connected to the generator; part of the high-temperature molten salt pumped by the high-temperature molten salt pump directly enters the third stage The other part of the heat exchanger enters the heat exchanger through the high-temperature molten salt valve, and the molten salt after heat exchange enters the secondary heat exchanger; the flow of high-temperature steam entering the intermediate reheating turbine is adjusted by controlling the three-stage valve, and the heat exchange The device reheats the steam from the high-pressure cylinder of the intermediate reheating steam turbine to realize high-efficiency power generation of the steam turbine, and the steam reheating valve is used to adjust the flow of steam entering the heat exchanger;
所述的循环冷却水系统，包括冷凝器、冷凝水泵、除氧器和给水泵，冷凝器将中间再热式汽轮机的排汽冷凝后，由冷凝水泵增压送入除氧器进行除氧，随后通过给水泵将其加压送入三级供热系统中的一级换热器进行加热。The circulating cooling water system includes a condenser, a condensed water pump, a deaerator and a feed water pump. After the condenser condenses the exhaust steam of the intermediate reheating type steam turbine, the condensed water pump is pressurized and sent to the deaerator for deaeration. Then it is pressurized by the feed water pump and sent to the primary heat exchanger in the three-stage heating system for heating.
所用熔盐可选用成熟的二元混合盐(60％硝酸钠和40％硝酸钾)，也可选用成本更低、储热密度更大的新型三元熔盐(15％硝酸钠、43％硝酸钾和42％硝酸钙)。存储于低温熔盐罐的低温熔盐，通过低温熔盐泵输送，与熔盐加热系统和熔盐温控系统进行换热，形成高温熔盐存储于高温熔盐罐中，当有用能需求时，通过高温熔盐泵输送送入三级供热系统进行换热，从而回收利用工业余热、储存消纳低谷电。The molten salt used can be selected mature binary mixed salt (60% sodium nitrate and 40% potassium nitrate), or a new type of ternary molten salt with lower cost and higher heat storage density (15% sodium nitrate, 43% nitric acid potassium and 42% calcium nitrate). The low-temperature molten salt stored in the low-temperature molten salt tank is transported by the low-temperature molten salt pump, and exchanges heat with the molten salt heating system and the molten salt temperature control system to form high-temperature molten salt, which is stored in the high-temperature molten salt tank. When useful energy is required , through the high-temperature molten salt pump and sent to the three-stage heating system for heat exchange, so as to recycle industrial waste heat and store and absorb low-peak electricity.
进一步地，所述的三级供热系统中，所述的一级、二级及三级阀门耦合溴化锂制冷机组，实现冷热联供。Further, in the three-stage heating system, the first-stage, second-stage, and third-stage valves are coupled with a lithium bromide refrigeration unit to realize combined heating and cooling.
进一步地，所述的电加热器和电再热器均为多级管状电热元件，通过对电热元件的分级控制实现精准加热，并设超温及低液位报警，从而对低温熔盐进行有效加热。当需要新能源电力及谷电消纳时，可通过增大电再热系统阀门，加大电加热器和电再热器功率来促进电力消纳。熔盐加热系统可与熔盐温控系统进行耦合互补，从而实现安全高效经济储能。Furthermore, both the electric heater and the electric reheater are multi-stage tubular electric heating elements, precise heating is realized through hierarchical control of the electric heating elements, and over-temperature and low liquid level alarms are set, so as to effectively control the low-temperature molten salt. heating. When new energy power and valley power consumption are needed, the power consumption can be promoted by increasing the valve of the electric reheat system and increasing the power of the electric heater and electric reheater. The molten salt heating system can be coupled with the molten salt temperature control system to achieve safe, efficient and economical energy storage.
进一步地，所述的熔盐温控系统设有温度监测仪，通过电再热器阀门控制高温熔盐温度，所述的电加热器、熔盐温控器、电再热器阀门和电再热器依次串联成一回路。Further, the molten salt temperature control system is equipped with a temperature monitor, which controls the temperature of the high-temperature molten salt through the electric reheater valve. The electric heater, molten salt temperature controller, electric reheater valve and electric reheater Heaters are sequentially connected in series to form a loop.
本发明采用的另一种技术方案为：耦合工业余热和电热的熔盐储热调峰供热系统的控制方法，其采用热负荷控制模块和电负荷控制模块进行控制；Another technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a control method for a molten salt heat storage peak-shaving heating system coupled with industrial waste heat and electric heating, which uses a thermal load control module and an electric load control module for control;
所述的热负荷控制模块通过调节三级供热系统的三个阀门开度满足用户多元用热需求；电负荷控制模块通过控制电加热器和电再热器实现新能源及谷电消纳，通过调节进入汽轮机发电系统的蒸汽流量和控制蒸汽再热阀门开度实现电网调峰；The thermal load control module satisfies the diverse heat demands of users by adjusting the openings of the three valves of the three-stage heating system; the electric load control module realizes new energy and valley electricity consumption by controlling electric heaters and electric reheaters, By adjusting the flow of steam entering the steam turbine power generation system and controlling the opening of the steam reheat valve to achieve peak regulation of the power grid;
热负荷控制模块和电负荷控制模块存在相互关系，三级供热系统的三个阀门开度影响进入汽轮机发电系统的蒸汽流量。There is a mutual relationship between the heat load control module and the electric load control module, and the opening of the three valves of the three-stage heating system affects the steam flow entering the steam turbine power generation system.
进一步地，所述第一供热系统的能量平衡方程为：Further, the energy balance equation of the first heating system is:
D0H0+Q1＝D0H1D0 H0 +Q1 = D0 H1
式中，D0为从一级换热器进入的水流量，H0为从一级换热器进入的水比焓，Q1为一级换热器与高温熔盐交换的热负荷，H1为从一级阀门出来的水比焓。In the formula, D0 is the flow rate of water entering from the primary heat exchanger, H0 is the specific enthalpy of water entering from the primary heat exchanger, Q1 is the heat load of the primary heat exchanger exchanging with high-temperature molten salt, H1 is the specific enthalpy of water coming out of the primary valve.
更进一步地，所述第二供热系统的能量平衡方程为：Furthermore, the energy balance equation of the second heating system is:
式中，Q2为二级换热器与高温熔盐交换的热负荷，dD1/dτ为从一级阀门出来的水流量微分，H2为从二级阀门出来的蒸汽比焓。In the formula, Q2 is the heat load exchanged between the secondary heat exchanger and the high-temperature molten salt, dD1 /dτ is the water flow differential from the primary valve, and H2 is the specific enthalpy of steam from the secondary valve.
更进一步地，所述第三供热系统的能量平衡方程为：Furthermore, the energy balance equation of the third heating system is:
式中，Q3为三级换热器与高温熔盐交换的热负荷，dD2/dτ为从二级阀门出来的蒸汽流量微分，H3为从三级阀门出来的蒸汽比焓；In the formula, Q3 is the heat load exchanged between the three-stage heat exchanger and the high-temperature molten salt, dD2 /dτ is the differential steam flow rate from the second-stage valve, and H3 is the specific enthalpy of steam from the third-stage valve;
汽轮机发电系统蒸汽流量方程为：The steam flow equation of the steam turbine power generation system is:
式中，D4为汽轮机发电系统蒸汽流量，dD3/dτ为从三级阀门出来的蒸汽流量微分。In the formula, D4 is the steam flow of the steam turbine power generation system, and dD3 /dτ is the differential of the steam flow from the three-stage valve.
进一步地，所述的热负荷控制模块，当用户对热水需求大时，增大三级供热系统的一级阀门开度；当用户对中低温蒸汽需求大时，增大二级阀门开度，减小一级阀门开度；当用户对高温蒸汽需求大时，增大三级阀门开度，减小一级阀门和二级阀门开度。Further, the thermal load control module increases the opening of the primary valve of the tertiary heating system when the user has a large demand for hot water; increases the opening of the secondary valve when the user has a large demand for medium and low temperature steam. degree, reduce the opening degree of the first-stage valve; when the user has a large demand for high-temperature steam, increase the opening degree of the third-stage valve, and reduce the opening degree of the first-stage valve and the second-stage valve.
进一步地，所述的电负荷控制模块，当新能源及谷电需要消纳时，增大电再热器阀门开度，加大电加热器和电再热器的功率，促进电热转换储能；当电网需要调峰时，根据调峰强度调节热负荷控制模块减小三级供热系统的三个阀门开度，从而增加汽轮机发电系统的蒸汽流量，通过控制蒸汽再热阀门开度，从而提高中间再热式汽轮机高压缸出来的再热蒸汽温度。Further, the electric load control module, when the new energy and off-peak electricity needs to be consumed, increases the valve opening of the electric reheater, increases the power of the electric heater and the electric reheater, and promotes the electrothermal conversion energy storage ; When the power grid needs peak regulation, adjust the heat load control module according to the peak regulation intensity to reduce the opening of the three valves of the three-stage heating system, thereby increasing the steam flow of the steam turbine power generation system. By controlling the opening of the steam reheating valve, thereby Increase the reheat steam temperature from the high pressure cylinder of the intermediate reheat turbine.
本发明具有的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects that the present invention has are as follows:
1、通过工业余热利用器、电加热器和电再热器耦合互补，通过熔盐温控系统控制高温熔盐温度，实现熔盐储能的稳定安全经济高效加热，电热元件的分级控制可实现精准加热，从而有效利用工业余热、新能源电力及电网谷电。1. Through the coupling and complementarity of industrial waste heat utilization device, electric heater and electric reheater, the temperature of high-temperature molten salt is controlled through the molten salt temperature control system to realize stable, safe, economical and efficient heating of molten salt energy storage, and the hierarchical control of electric heating elements can be realized Accurate heating, so as to effectively utilize industrial waste heat, new energy power and grid valley power.
2、独特的三级供热系统和汽轮机发电系统设计，可有效助力电网调峰，满足了用户对不同品质用热需求，并可实现冷热电多种能源的高效、低碳、经济、稳定供应。2. The unique design of the three-stage heating system and the steam turbine power generation system can effectively assist the power grid in peak regulation, meet the needs of users for different quality heat, and realize the high efficiency, low carbon, economical and stable of various energy sources such as cooling, heating and electricity supply.
3、该控制方法中的热负荷和电负荷控制逻辑清晰，热负荷控制模块可通过调节多元供热系统的三个阀门开度来满足用户热水、中低温蒸汽和高温蒸汽的用热需求；电负荷控制模块通过控制电再热器阀门开度以及电加热器和电再热器的功率，实现新能源及谷电消纳，通过调节汽轮机发电系统的蒸汽流量、控制蒸汽再热阀门开度实现电网调峰。3. The heat load and electric load control logic in this control method is clear, and the heat load control module can meet the heat demand of users for hot water, medium-low temperature steam and high-temperature steam by adjusting the opening of the three valves of the multi-element heating system; The electric load control module realizes the consumption of new energy and valley electricity by controlling the valve opening of the electric reheater and the power of the electric heater and the electric reheater, and controls the steam reheating valve opening by adjusting the steam flow of the steam turbine power generation system Realize power grid peak regulation.
4、该熔盐储热调峰供热系统设计独特，控制方法新颖有效，各部分可按设计思路使用，也可进行适当调节，保证工业余热利用、新能源电力及电网谷电消纳，电网调峰和冷热电多能联供。4. The design of the molten salt heat storage and peak regulation heating system is unique, and the control method is novel and effective. Each part can be used according to the design idea, and can also be adjusted appropriately to ensure the utilization of industrial waste heat, new energy power and grid electricity consumption. Peak shaving and combined cooling, heating and power supply.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明熔盐储热调峰供热系统的工艺示意图；Fig. 1 is a process schematic diagram of the molten salt heat storage peak regulation heating system of the present invention;
图中，1-电加热器；2-工业余热利用器；3-电再热器；4-低温熔盐泵；5-低温熔盐罐；6-电再热器阀门；7-熔盐温控器；8-高温熔盐罐；9-高温熔盐泵；10-高温熔盐阀门；11-三级阀门；12-二级阀门；13-一级阀门；14-三级换热器；15-二级换热器；16-一级换热器；17-高温蒸汽罐；18-中低温蒸汽罐；19-热水罐；20-中间再热式汽轮机；21-蒸汽再热阀门；22-热交换器；23-发电机；24-冷凝器；25-冷凝水泵；26-除氧器；27-给水泵；In the figure, 1- electric heater; 2- industrial waste heat utilization device; 3- electric reheater; 4- low-temperature molten salt pump; 5- low-temperature molten salt tank; 6- electric reheater valve; 7- molten salt temperature Controller; 8-High temperature molten salt tank; 9-High temperature molten salt pump; 10-High temperature molten salt valve; 11-Third-stage valve; 12-Second-stage valve; 13-First-stage valve; 15-secondary heat exchanger; 16-first-stage heat exchanger; 17-high temperature steam tank; 18-medium and low temperature steam tank; 19-hot water tank; 20-intermediate reheating turbine; 21-steam reheating valve; 22-heat exchanger; 23-generator; 24-condenser; 25-condensate pump; 26-deaerator; 27-feed water pump;
图2是本发明新能源电力及谷电消纳的逻辑图；Fig. 2 is a logic diagram of new energy electric power and valley electricity consumption in the present invention;
图3是本发明电网调峰及三级供热的逻辑图。Fig. 3 is a logic diagram of power grid peak regulation and three-stage heating in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合说明书附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
本实施例为一种耦合工业余热和电热的熔盐储热调峰供热系统，它包括熔盐加热系统、熔盐温控系统、熔盐储能系统、三级供热系统、汽轮机发电系统和循环冷却水系统。This embodiment is a molten salt heat storage peak-shaving heating system coupled with industrial waste heat and electric heating, which includes a molten salt heating system, a molten salt temperature control system, a molten salt energy storage system, a three-stage heating system, and a steam turbine power generation system and circulating cooling water system.
所述的熔盐加热系统包括电加热器1和工业余热利用器2，首先通过工业余热利用器2利用冶金、化工、建材、机械、电力等行业的冶炼炉、加热炉中的高温烟气余热对低温熔盐进行加热；接着，通过电加热器1的分级控制实现精准加热，并带有超温及低液位报警，从而对低温熔盐进行有效加热。The molten salt heating system includes an
所述的熔盐控温系统由依次相连的熔盐温控器7、电再热器阀门6和电再热器3组成，熔盐温控系统设有温度监测仪，可通过电再热器阀门6和电再热器3控制高温熔盐温度。当需要新能源电力及谷电消纳时，可通过电负荷控制模块增大电再热器阀门6开度，加大电加热器1和电再热器3的功率来促进电力消纳。工业余热利用器2、电加热器1和电再热器3进行耦合互补，从而实现安全高效经济储能。The molten salt temperature control system is composed of a molten
所述的熔盐储能系统由依次相连的高温熔盐罐8、高温熔盐泵9、低温熔盐罐5和低温熔盐泵4组成，低温熔盐泵4的出口与工业余热利用器2的入口连接，熔盐温控器7的出口与高温熔盐罐8的入口连接；低温熔盐通过与熔盐加热系统和熔盐温控系统换热，形成高温熔盐。The molten salt energy storage system is composed of a high-temperature
所述的三级供热系统由第一供热系统、第二供热系统和第三供热系统组成。The three-stage heating system is composed of a first heating system, a second heating system and a third heating system.
所述的第一供热系统，由一级换热器16、一级阀门13和热水罐19串联而成，第二供热系统由二级换热器15、二级阀门12和中低温蒸汽罐18串联而成，第三供热系统由三级换热器14、三级阀门11和高温蒸汽罐17串联而成。一级换热器16、二级换热器15和三级换热器14三者串联，三级换热器14的热介质入口与高温熔盐泵9的出口连接，一级换热器16的热介质出口与低温熔盐罐5的入口连接，通过三个换热器与高温熔盐换热，分别产生热水、中低温蒸汽和高温蒸汽，通过一级、二级及三级阀门分别控制热水、中低温蒸汽以及高温蒸汽流量。The first heat supply system is composed of a
所述的汽轮机发电系统由中间再热式汽轮机20、蒸汽再热阀门21、热交换器22和发电机23组成，凝汽式汽轮机20连接发电机23，高温熔盐泵9泵出的高温熔盐一部分直接进入三级换热器14，另一部分经高温熔盐阀门10进入热交换器22，换热后的熔盐进入二级换热器15中；通过控制三级阀门11调节高温高压蒸汽流量，通过热交换器22对汽轮机高压缸出来的蒸汽进行再热，实现汽轮机高效发电。The steam turbine power generation system is composed of an intermediate
所述的循环冷却水系统由冷凝器24、冷凝水泵25、除氧器26和给水泵27组成，冷凝器24将中间再热式汽轮机20排汽冷凝后，由冷凝水泵25增压送入除氧器26进行除氧，随后通过给水泵27将其加压送入三级供热系统中的一级换热器16进行加热。The circulating cooling water system is composed of a
存储于低温熔盐罐5的低温熔盐，通过低温熔盐泵4输送，与熔盐加热系统和熔盐温控系统进行换热，形成高温熔盐存储于高温熔盐罐8中。当有用能需求时，通过高温熔盐泵9将高温熔盐输送入三级供热系统和热交换器22进行换热，从而实现工业余热利用、储存消纳低谷电。所用熔盐可选用成熟的二元混合盐(60％硝酸钠和40％硝酸钾)，也可选用成本更低、储热密度更大的新型三元熔盐(15％硝酸钠、43％硝酸钾和42％硝酸钙)。The low-temperature molten salt stored in the low-temperature molten salt tank 5 is transported by the low-temperature
由高温熔盐泵9输送的高温熔盐一部分通过三级换热器14与冷介质进行换热从而产生高温蒸汽，另一部分经高温熔盐阀门10进入热交换器22，换热后的熔盐进入二级换热器15与冷介质进行换热从而产生中低温蒸汽，接着经过一级换热器16与冷介质进行换热从而产生热水，最终回到低温熔盐罐5。同时，需依据各个节点管道内熔盐的温度、压力及时调整熔盐流速，以保证系统稳定工作。Part of the high-temperature molten salt delivered by the high-temperature molten salt pump 9 passes through the three-
三级供热系统中产生的热水、中低温蒸汽以及高温蒸汽可通过一级阀门13、二级阀门12和三级阀门11，分别存储于热水罐19、中低温蒸汽罐18和高温蒸汽罐17，以满足用户多元化用热需求，并可耦合溴化锂制冷机组，实现冷热联供。通过热负荷控制模块，当用户对热水需求大时，增大多元供热系统的一级阀门13开度；当用户对中低温蒸汽需求大时，增大二级阀门12开度，减小一级阀门13开度；当用户对高温蒸汽需求大时，增大三级阀门11开度，减小一级阀门13和二级阀门12开度。The hot water, medium-low temperature steam and high-temperature steam generated in the three-stage heating system can be stored in the
汽轮机发电系统中从高压缸出来的蒸汽可通过蒸汽再热阀门21进入热交换器22实现蒸汽加热，并送入中间再热式汽轮机20的中低压缸继续发电，以提高汽轮机发电效率。当电网需要调峰时，利用电负荷和热负荷控制模块，根据调峰强度减小三级供热系统的三个阀门开度，从而增加中间再热式汽轮机20的高温蒸汽流量，增大蒸汽再热阀门21开度，提高汽轮机高压缸出来的再热蒸汽温度，促进发电机23进行发电。冷凝器24将中间再热式汽轮机排汽冷凝后，由冷凝水泵25增压送入除氧器26进行除氧，随后给水泵27将其加压送入三级供热系统中的一级换热器16进行加热。In the steam turbine power generation system, the steam from the high-pressure cylinder can enter the
根据第一供热系统、第二供热系统和第三供热系统的能量平衡方程以及发电系统蒸汽流量方程，可计算出一级阀门出来的水流量微分dD1/dτ、二级阀门出来的蒸汽流量微分dD2/dτ和三级阀门出来的蒸汽流量微分dD3/dτ。According to the energy balance equation of the first heating system, the second heating system and the third heating system and the steam flow equation of the power generation system, the water flow differential dD1 /dτ from the first-stage valve and the water flow differential from the second-stage valve can be calculated The steam flow differential dD2 /dτ and the steam flow differential dD3 /dτ from the three-stage valve.
第一供热系统能量平衡方程为：The energy balance equation of the first heating system is:
D0H0+Q1＝D0H1D0 H0 +Q1 =D0 H1
D0为从一级换热器进入的水流量，H0为从一级换热器进入的水比焓，Q1为一级换热器与高温熔盐交换的热负荷，H1为从一级阀门出来的水比焓。D0 is the flow rate of water entering from the primary heat exchanger, H0 is the specific enthalpy of water entering from the primary heat exchanger, Q1 is the heat load exchanged between the primary heat exchanger and high-temperature molten salt, and H1 is the The specific enthalpy of water coming out of the primary valve.
第二供热系统能量平衡方程为：The energy balance equation of the second heating system is:
Q2为二级换热器与高温熔盐交换的热负荷，dD1/dτ为从一级阀门出来的水流量微分，H2为从二级阀门出来的蒸汽比焓。Q2 is the heat load exchanged between the secondary heat exchanger and the high-temperature molten salt, dD1 /dτ is the water flow differential from the primary valve, and H2 is the specific enthalpy of steam from the secondary valve.
第三供热系统能量平衡方程为：The energy balance equation of the third heating system is:
Q3为三级换热器与高温熔盐交换的热负荷，dD2/dτ为从二级阀门出来的蒸汽流量微分，H3为从三级阀门出来的蒸汽比焓。Q3 is the heat load exchanged between the third-stage heat exchanger and the high-temperature molten salt, dD2 /dτ is the differential steam flow from the second-stage valve, and H3 is the specific enthalpy of steam from the third-stage valve.
发电系统蒸汽流量方程为：The steam flow equation of the power generation system is:
D4为发电系统蒸汽流量，dD3/dτ为从三级阀门出来的蒸汽流量微分。D4 is the steam flow of the power generation system, and dD3 /dτ is the steam flow differential from the three-stage valve.
本发明通过利用工业余热、新能源电力及电网谷电，实现耦合互补，从而给熔盐稳定供热储能，通过控制模块实现了电网调峰及三级供热，促进了工业余热利用、新能源电力及谷电的消纳，助力了电网调峰，满足了用户对不同品质用热需求，并可实现冷热电多种能源的高效、低碳、经济、稳定供应，有利于国家双碳目标的实现，具有很好的应用价值。The invention realizes coupling complementation by using industrial waste heat, new energy power and power grid valley power, thereby stably supplying heat and storing energy for molten salt, realizing peak regulation of the power grid and three-level heat supply through the control module, and promoting the utilization of industrial waste heat, new The consumption of energy and electricity and valley electricity helps the peak regulation of the power grid, meets the needs of users for different quality heat, and can realize the efficient, low-carbon, economical and stable supply of various energy sources such as cooling, heating and electricity, which is conducive to the national double carbon The realization of the goal has very good application value.
如上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何限制，凡是根据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。As mentioned above, it is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not impose any limitation on the present invention. Any simple modification, change and equivalent structural change made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still belong to the technical aspects of the present invention. within the scope of protection of the scheme.
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