技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于爆破工程技术领域，具体涉及一种防止上向炮孔炸药散落的装置及其使用方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of blasting engineering, and particularly relates to a device for preventing explosives from scattering upward in a blast hole and a use method thereof.
背景技术Background Art
钻爆法是通过钻孔、装药、起爆来破碎岩石的方法，是目前破碎岩体的主要手段。尤其是在矿山开采过程中，钻爆法是最主要工法，这种方法对岩层地质条件适应性强，开挖成本低，尤其适合硬岩的开挖和破碎工作。地下矿山开采过程中，无底柱分段崩落法、分段凿岩阶段矿房法等大规模回采工作多采用上向中深孔爆破方法，装药多使用风动装药器将具有一定粘性的炸药吹入炮孔。但在装药后，随着停止供应高压风和装药管抽出，炸药会在重力作用下从炮孔内落下，俗称返粉。通常单孔返粉量少则5-6kg，多则30-50kg，造成炸药严重浪费，散落的炸药，如果没有起爆，混入到爆堆之中，进入运输、提升、破碎、选矿处理工序，极有可能产生重大安全隐患。The drilling and blasting method is a method of breaking rocks by drilling, charging, and detonating. It is currently the main means of breaking rock mass. Especially in the mining process, the drilling and blasting method is the most important method. This method has strong adaptability to the geological conditions of the rock formation and low excavation cost. It is especially suitable for the excavation and crushing of hard rocks. In the underground mining process, large-scale mining work such as the pillarless sublevel caving method and the sublevel rock drilling stage chamber method mostly adopts the upward medium-deep hole blasting method. The charging mostly uses a pneumatic charger to blow a certain viscosity of explosives into the blasthole. However, after charging, as the supply of high-pressure air is stopped and the charging tube is withdrawn, the explosives will fall from the blasthole under the action of gravity, commonly known as return powder. Usually, the amount of return powder per hole is as little as 5-6kg and as much as 30-50kg, resulting in serious waste of explosives. If the scattered explosives are not detonated, they will be mixed into the blast pile and enter the transportation, lifting, crushing, and mineral processing processes, which is very likely to cause major safety hazards.
当前矿山生产现场常使用废旧报纸、纸质包装箱或炸药袋对上向炮孔进行简单封堵，以防止炸药掉落。At present, waste newspapers, paper packaging boxes or explosive bags are often used in mining production sites to simply block upward blastholes to prevent explosives from falling.
由于封堵工作是在装药管抽出后进行的，工艺衔接不紧密，在封堵过程中仍然会发生大量炸药掉落的情况。现有封堵方法提供阻力有限，对中深孔炮孔，装药量比较大的炮孔，类似封堵并不适用，炸药在重力和扰动作用下，极易滑落。Since the plugging work is carried out after the charge tube is pulled out, the process connection is not tight, and a large amount of explosives will still fall during the plugging process. The existing plugging methods provide limited resistance, and similar plugging is not applicable to medium-deep holes and blastholes with large charge volumes. Explosives are very easy to slide under the action of gravity and disturbance.
为解决上向炮孔炸药返粉问题，专利CN106767209A公开了一种炮孔装药及堵塞装置，该装置包括盘片和头杆两部分，工作原理是盘片上的柔性翅片直径大于炮孔直径，盘片被头杆推入炮孔中后能够实现自稳，进而阻止卷状炸药下落，但翅片间的大缝隙决定了该装置仅能用于卷状炸药，对粉状炸药无法起到很好的封堵作用。专利CN111366053 A公开了一种用于防止上向炮孔散装炸药回落的装置及方法，该装置将止回管套在装药管上，再通过限位器将止回管固定在孔口，装药完成后解除限位器并用推杆将止回管顶到装药位置完成炮孔封堵，但该装置配件较多，施工至少需要两个人共同完成，工艺较为复杂。专利CN113310373公开了一种炮孔堵塞装置、上向炮孔的密封方法，该装置通过向吸水溶胀的吸水填充物的中喷水使其快速膨胀，进而达到封堵炮孔的目的，但所使用的吸水材料吸水-膨胀-硬化需要一定时间，喷水装置，也可能使得炸药返潮，影响爆破效果，在此期间内喷水机构需要一直保持在孔内，严重拖慢了施工效率，增加了工人的劳动负担。In order to solve the problem of powder return of explosives in upward blastholes, patent CN106767209A discloses a blasthole charging and plugging device, which includes a disc and a head rod. The working principle is that the diameter of the flexible fins on the disc is larger than the diameter of the blasthole. After the disc is pushed into the blasthole by the head rod, it can achieve self-stabilization, thereby preventing the roll of explosives from falling. However, the large gap between the fins determines that the device can only be used for roll explosives, and cannot play a good plugging role for powdered explosives. Patent CN111366053 A discloses a device and method for preventing bulk explosives in upward blastholes from falling back. The device puts a check tube on the charging tube, and then fixes the check tube at the orifice through a limiter. After the charging is completed, the limiter is released and the check tube is pushed to the charging position by a push rod to complete the blasthole plugging. However, the device has many accessories, and the construction requires at least two people to complete it together, and the process is relatively complicated. Patent CN113310373 discloses a blasthole plugging device and a method for sealing an upward blasthole. The device achieves the purpose of plugging the blasthole by spraying water into a water-absorbing filler that swells by absorbing water to make it expand rapidly. However, the water-absorbing material used needs a certain amount of time to absorb water, expand, and harden. The water spraying device may also cause the explosives to become damp, affecting the blasting effect. During this period, the water spraying mechanism needs to remain in the hole, which seriously slows down the construction efficiency and increases the labor burden of the workers.
综上所述，现有防止上向钻孔装药过程炸药返粉装置存在操作复杂、施工效率低、填塞强度小、适用性弱等问题，不能有效解决。In summary, the existing device for preventing explosive powder return during upward drilling charging has problems such as complex operation, low construction efficiency, low filling strength, and weak applicability, which cannot be effectively solved.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种防止上向炮孔炸药散落的装置及其使用方法，能够安全方便、高效快捷的实现上向炮孔装药及炮孔堵塞。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for preventing explosives from scattering upward in a blasthole and a method for using the device, which can safely, conveniently, efficiently and quickly realize the charging and blocking of upward blastholes.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
一种防止上向炮孔炸药散落的装置，包括装药管和缠绕在该装药管上的充气密封袋；所述装药管包括上段装药管和下段装药管两段，上段装药管和下段装药管之间通过三通阀连接，可通过三通阀的开闭控制装药或为充气密封袋充气。A device for preventing explosives from scattering upwards into a blasthole comprises a charge tube and an inflatable sealing bag wound around the charge tube; the charge tube comprises an upper charge tube and a lower charge tube, the upper charge tube and the lower charge tube are connected via a three-way valve, and the opening and closing of the three-way valve can be used to control the charging or to inflate the inflatable sealing bag.
所述三通阀包括阀杆、入口、上出气口以及侧出气口，上出气口、入口以及侧出气口内部均有内螺纹，入口通过内螺纹与下段装药管连接，上出气口通过内螺纹与上段装药管连接，侧出气口通过螺纹与单向阀一端连接，通过旋转阀杆可分别控制气体从上出气口或侧出气口流出。The three-way valve includes a valve stem, an inlet, an upper air outlet and a side air outlet. The upper air outlet, the inlet and the side air outlet are all provided with internal threads. The inlet is connected to the lower charging tube via the internal threads, the upper air outlet is connected to the upper charging tube via the internal threads, and the side air outlet is connected to one end of the one-way valve via threads. By rotating the valve stem, the gas can be controlled to flow out from the upper air outlet or the side air outlet respectively.
所述充气密封袋包括充气管与充气袋，充气管一端连在充气袋的充气嘴上，另一端与单向阀的出气口连接。The inflatable sealing bag comprises an inflatable tube and an inflatable bag, one end of the inflatable tube is connected to the inflatable nozzle of the inflatable bag, and the other end is connected to the air outlet of the one-way valve.
所述充气袋由高分子聚合物和纳米材料进行混合形成的高分子复合材料制成，为扁状形体，其内设置有空腔，外表层一面设置有胶片条。The inflatable bag is made of a high molecular composite material formed by mixing a high molecular polymer and a nano material, and is in a flat shape with a cavity arranged inside and a film strip arranged on one side of the outer surface.
所述单向阀包括进气口与出气口，进气口有外螺纹，可以与三通阀的侧出气口连接。The one-way valve comprises an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein the air inlet has an external thread and can be connected to a side air outlet of the three-way valve.
一种防止上向炮孔炸药散落的装置的使用方法，包括以下步骤：A method for using a device for preventing explosives from scattering upward in a blasthole comprises the following steps:
步骤1，根据装药管直径，选择合适尺寸的充气袋，将充气袋未贴有胶片条的一面卷绕在上段装药管上，且充气袋上端面高于上段装药管上端面，并在最外圈套上一个直径大于最外圈直径的纸筒，以固定充气袋在上段装药管上的位置，将充气管上的单向阀与三通阀上的侧出气口拧紧；Step 1, according to the diameter of the charging tube, select an inflatable bag of appropriate size, and wind the side of the inflatable bag without the film strip on the upper charging tube, and the upper end surface of the inflatable bag is higher than the upper end surface of the upper charging tube, and put a paper tube with a diameter larger than the diameter of the outermost circle on the outermost circle to fix the position of the inflatable bag on the upper charging tube, and tighten the one-way valve on the inflatable tube and the side air outlet on the three-way valve;
步骤2，将雷管与起爆弹组装后置于炮孔底部，使用高压风经由装药管将炸药吹入炮孔并使炸药保持一定密度；Step 2, assembling the detonator and the explosive bomb and placing them at the bottom of the blast hole, using high-pressure wind to blow the explosive into the blast hole through the charge tube and keep the explosive at a certain density;
步骤3，装药完成后转动阀杆，关闭三通阀的上出气口，使高压风从侧出气口流出为充气袋充气，充气袋快速膨胀撑破纸筒，当充气袋膨胀到紧贴装药孔内壁时，抽出装药管，由于充气袋外表层的胶片条与炮孔孔壁的摩擦阻力大于充气袋与装药管的摩擦阻力，充气袋就留在炮孔内，且会随着装药管的抽出快速膨胀堵塞住炮孔，避免炸药从炮孔孔中滑落；Step 3, after the charge is charged, the valve stem is rotated to close the upper air outlet of the three-way valve, so that the high-pressure air flows out from the side air outlet to inflate the air bag, and the air bag expands rapidly to break the paper tube. When the air bag expands to be close to the inner wall of the charge hole, the charge tube is pulled out. Since the friction resistance between the film strip on the outer layer of the air bag and the wall of the blast hole is greater than the friction resistance between the air bag and the charge tube, the air bag remains in the blast hole, and will expand rapidly with the withdrawal of the charge tube to block the blast hole, thereby preventing the explosive from slipping out of the blast hole;
步骤4，装药结束后将单向阀从三通阀上旋下，重复上述过程进行下一炮孔装药。Step 4: After charging is completed, unscrew the one-way valve from the three-way valve and repeat the above process to charge the next blast hole.
步骤1中所述的充气袋上端面高于上段装药管上端面，即充气袋上端面与上段装药管上端面之间的距离为2-4cm。The upper end surface of the inflatable bag described in step 1 is higher than the upper end surface of the upper charge tube, that is, the distance between the upper end surface of the inflatable bag and the upper end surface of the upper charge tube is 2-4 cm.
本发明的技术效果为：The technical effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明通过自然状态下的弹性材料与炮孔间的摩擦阻力，实现上向炮孔的柔性封堵，操作原理与过程简单，安装快速，便于推广应用。(1) The present invention realizes flexible plugging of the upward blasthole through the friction resistance between the elastic material in the natural state and the blasthole. The operation principle and process are simple, the installation is fast, and it is easy to promote and apply.
(2)本发明利用装药过程中原有风压对充气密封袋充气，方便快捷；充气密封袋堵塞强度高，适用于多种工况。(2) The present invention utilizes the original wind pressure during the charging process to inflate the inflatable sealing bag, which is convenient and quick; the inflatable sealing bag has high blocking strength and is suitable for various working conditions.
(3)本发明所述的充气密封袋质软且绝缘，膨胀过程为物理过程，在炮孔内充气膨胀生效后能够在有效阻止炸药滑落的同时，不影响各种传爆器材的正常工作，且适用于多种尺寸的炮孔，通用性好，安全性高。(3) The inflatable sealing bag of the present invention is soft and insulated, and the expansion process is a physical process. After the inflation and expansion take effect in the blast hole, it can effectively prevent the explosives from sliding down without affecting the normal operation of various explosive transmission equipment. It is suitable for blast holes of various sizes, has good versatility and high safety.
(4)本发明所有元件不含金属材料，既保证了使用过程中的安全性且不影响后续的矿石尤其是金属矿的处理。另外，所述装药管结构简单，寿命长，可重复使用，经济便捷。(4) All components of the present invention do not contain metal materials, which ensures safety during use and does not affect the subsequent processing of ores, especially metal ores. In addition, the charge tube has a simple structure, a long service life, can be reused, and is economical and convenient.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明防止上向炮孔炸药散落装置的主视图；FIG1 is a front view of a device for preventing explosives from scattering upward in a blast hole according to the present invention;
图2为本发明充气密封袋的展开图；FIG2 is an expanded view of the inflatable sealing bag of the present invention;
图3为本发明充气密封袋卷绕在装药管上的俯视图；FIG3 is a top view of the inflatable sealing bag of the present invention wound on the charge tube;
图4为本发明防止上向炮孔炸药散落装置的使用示意图；FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the use of the device for preventing explosives from scattering upward in a blast hole according to the present invention;
图5为本发明装药管抽出后充气密封袋堵塞炮孔的上视图。5 is a top view of the blast hole blocked by the inflated sealing bag after the charge tube of the present invention is pulled out.
1-充气袋，2-充气管，3-单向阀；4-下段装药管；5-三通阀；6-阀杆；7-纸筒；8-上段装药管；9-充气嘴；10-胶片条；11-炮孔；12-炸药。1-inflatable bag, 2-inflatable tube, 3-check valve; 4-lower charging tube; 5-three-way valve; 6-valve stem; 7-paper tube; 8-upper charging tube; 9-inflatable nozzle; 10-film strip; 11-gun hole; 12-explosive.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
如图1和图2所示，一种防止上向炮孔炸药散落的装置，包括装药管和缠绕在该装药管上的充气密封袋；所述装药管包括上段装药管8和下段装药管4两段，上段装药管8和下段装药管4之间通过三通阀5连接，可通过三通阀5的开闭控制装药或为充气袋1充气。所述三通阀5包括阀杆6、入口、上出气口以及侧出气口，上出气口、入口以及侧出气口内部均有内螺纹，入口通过内螺纹与下段装药管4连接，上出气口通过内螺纹与上段装药管8连接，侧出气口通过螺纹与单向阀3一端连接，通过旋转阀杆6可分别控制气体从上出气口或侧出气口流出。所述充气密封袋包括充气管2与充气袋1，充气管2一端连在充气袋1的充气嘴9上，另一端与单向阀3的出气口连接。所述充气袋1由高分子聚合物和纳米材料进行混合形成的高分子复合材料经过深层加工组合而成，为扁状形体，其内设置有空腔，外表层一面复合有胶片条10，采用热压机压制一体成型。所述单向阀3包括进气口与出气口，进气口有外螺纹，可以与三通阀5的侧出气口连接。As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a device for preventing explosives from scattering upwards in a blasthole comprises a charge tube and an inflatable sealing bag wound on the charge tube; the charge tube comprises an upper charge tube 8 and a lower charge tube 4, the upper charge tube 8 and the lower charge tube 4 are connected by a three-way valve 5, and the charging or inflating of the inflatable bag 1 can be controlled by opening and closing the three-way valve 5. The three-way valve 5 comprises a valve stem 6, an inlet, an upper air outlet and a side air outlet, the upper air outlet, the inlet and the side air outlet are all internally threaded, the inlet is connected to the lower charge tube 4 by the internal thread, the upper air outlet is connected to the upper charge tube 8 by the internal thread, and the side air outlet is connected to one end of the one-way valve 3 by a thread, and the gas can be controlled to flow out from the upper air outlet or the side air outlet respectively by rotating the valve stem 6. The inflatable sealing bag includes an inflatable tube 2 and an inflatable bag 1. One end of the inflatable tube 2 is connected to the inflatable nozzle 9 of the inflatable bag 1, and the other end is connected to the air outlet of the one-way valve 3. The inflatable bag 1 is a polymer composite material formed by mixing a polymer and a nano material, and is formed by deep processing. It is a flat body with a cavity inside. One side of the outer layer is compounded with a film strip 10, and is formed in one piece by a hot press. The one-way valve 3 includes an air inlet and an air outlet. The air inlet has an external thread and can be connected to the side air outlet of the three-way valve 5.
当转动阀杆6关闭三通阀5上出气口为充气袋1充气时，压缩空气从单向阀3的进气口进入，克服弹簧力和摩擦力使单向阀3阀口开启，为充气袋1充气；当充气完毕断开单向阀3与三通阀5连接时，在弹簧力和充气袋1内气体反向压力作用下，单向阀3的阀口处于关闭状态，使充气袋1内空气不会回流。When the valve stem 6 is rotated to close the air outlet on the three-way valve 5 to inflate the inflatable bag 1, compressed air enters from the air inlet of the one-way valve 3, overcomes the spring force and friction force to open the valve port of the one-way valve 3, and inflates the inflatable bag 1; when the inflation is completed and the connection between the one-way valve 3 and the three-way valve 5 is disconnected, under the action of the spring force and the reverse pressure of the gas in the inflatable bag 1, the valve port of the one-way valve 3 is in a closed state, so that the air in the inflatable bag 1 will not flow back.
实施例1及对比例均基于某矿山地下中深孔回采爆破实验说明，该矿山所用装药管外径30mm，壁厚2mm，炮孔11直径60mm，长度8m，装药长度5m，风动装药器风压0.5MPa，装药密度0.95g/cm3，起爆方式为孔底起爆，炸药12采用粉状铵油炸药。Example 1 and the comparative example are based on an underground medium-deep hole recovery blasting experiment in a certain mine. The outer diameter of the charging tube used in the mine is 30 mm, the wall thickness is 2 mm, the diameter of the blasthole 11 is 60 mm, the length is 8 m, the charging length is 5 m, the air pressure of the pneumatic charger is 0.5 MPa, the charging density is 0.95 g/cm3, the detonation method is bottom hole detonation, and the explosive 12 adopts powdered ammonium oil explosive.
实施例1Example 1
一种防止上向炮孔炸药散落的装置的使用方法，包括以下步骤：A method for using a device for preventing explosives from scattering upward in a blasthole comprises the following steps:
步骤1，根据装药管尺寸，选择展开后长80mm，宽50mm的充气袋1，充气袋1其中一面贴有长70mm，宽20mm的胶片条10，充气袋1端部的充气嘴9连接有直径8mm的充气管2，充气管2底部连接带有螺纹的单向阀3；将充气袋1未贴有胶片条10的一面螺旋形卷绕在上段装药管8超出管口2cm位置，并套上一个直径40mm的纸筒7，卷绕后俯视图如图3所示，将单向阀3拧紧在三通阀5的侧出气口上；Step 1, according to the size of the charge tube, select an inflatable bag 1 with a length of 80 mm and a width of 50 mm after unfolding, one side of the inflatable bag 1 is affixed with a film strip 10 with a length of 70 mm and a width of 20 mm, the inflatable nozzle 9 at the end of the inflatable bag 1 is connected to an inflatable tube 2 with a diameter of 8 mm, and the bottom of the inflatable tube 2 is connected to a one-way valve 3 with a thread; the side of the inflatable bag 1 not affixed with the film strip 10 is spirally wound on the upper charge tube 8 at a position 2 cm beyond the tube mouth, and a paper tube 7 with a diameter of 40 mm is put on, the top view after winding is shown in Figure 3, and the one-way valve 3 is tightened on the side air outlet of the three-way valve 5;
步骤2，将雷管与起爆弹组装后置于炮孔11底部，使用0.5Mpa高压风经由装药管将炸药12吹入炮孔11并使炸药12保持密度为0.95g/cm3；Step 2, assemble the detonator and the detonating bomb and place them at the bottom of the blast hole 11, use 0.5Mpa high-pressure wind to blow the explosive 12 into the blast hole 11 through the charge tube and keep the density of the explosive 12 at 0.95g/cm3;
步骤3，装药完成后转动阀杆6转动90°，关闭三通阀5的上出气口，使高压风从侧出气口流出为充气袋1充气，充气袋1快速膨胀撑破纸筒7，当充气袋1膨胀到紧贴炮孔内壁时，抽出装药管，由于充气袋1外表层的胶片条10与炮孔11孔壁的摩擦阻力大于充气袋1与装药管的摩擦阻力，充气袋1就留在炮孔11内，且会随着上段装药管8的抽出快速膨胀堵塞住炮孔11，避免炸药12从炮孔中滑落，如图4和图5所示；Step 3, after the charge is charged, the valve stem 6 is rotated 90 degrees, the upper air outlet of the three-way valve 5 is closed, and the high-pressure wind flows out from the side air outlet to inflate the air bag 1, and the air bag 1 expands rapidly and breaks the paper tube 7. When the air bag 1 expands to be close to the inner wall of the blast hole, the charge tube is pulled out. Since the friction resistance between the film strip 10 on the outer layer of the air bag 1 and the wall of the blast hole 11 is greater than the friction resistance between the air bag 1 and the charge tube, the air bag 1 remains in the blast hole 11, and will expand rapidly with the withdrawal of the upper charge tube 8 to block the blast hole 11, thereby preventing the explosive 12 from slipping out of the blast hole, as shown in Figures 4 and 5;
步骤4，装药结束后将单向阀3从三通阀5上旋下，完成装药，重复上述过程进行下一炮孔11装药。Step 4, after the charging is completed, unscrew the one-way valve 3 from the three-way valve 5 to complete the charging, and repeat the above process to charge the next blast hole 11.
对比例Comparative Example
使用风动装药器对上向炮孔11正常装药后，使用报纸和炸药袋对炮孔11进行简单封堵。After the upward blast hole 11 is normally charged with explosives using a pneumatic charge charger, the blast hole 11 is simply blocked with newspapers and explosive bags.
将上述实施例1和对比例散落的炸药12进行称重，结果表明，实施例1中上向炮孔炸药12掉落量均小于200g，对比例中上向炮孔炸药12掉落量在5kg左右。The scattered explosives 12 of the above-mentioned Example 1 and the comparative example were weighed, and the results showed that the amount of explosives 12 dropped from the upward blastholes in Example 1 was less than 200g, while the amount of explosives 12 dropped from the upward blastholes in the comparative example was about 5kg.
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化，均落入本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Any simple modification or equivalent change made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211660357.3ACN115854807B (en) | 2022-12-23 | 2022-12-23 | A device for preventing explosives from scattering upward in a blast hole and a method of using the device |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211660357.3ACN115854807B (en) | 2022-12-23 | 2022-12-23 | A device for preventing explosives from scattering upward in a blast hole and a method of using the device |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115854807A CN115854807A (en) | 2023-03-28 |
| CN115854807Btrue CN115854807B (en) | 2024-08-27 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211660357.3AActiveCN115854807B (en) | 2022-12-23 | 2022-12-23 | A device for preventing explosives from scattering upward in a blast hole and a method of using the device |
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| CN114485303A (en)* | 2022-03-09 | 2022-05-13 | 新疆大学 | An upward-facing hole charging anti-return powder device |
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