Topological structure and operation mode of electrohydraulic coupling harvesterTechnical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a topological structure of an electrohydraulic coupling type harvester, wherein each operation system of the electrohydraulic coupling type harvester adopting the topological structure is driven by an electric motor to independently work, chain transmission is used for replacing belt transmission, a power transmission chain is shortened, and the aim of energy-saving operation is fulfilled.
Background
The cultivated land of China is wide, the grain planting area is large, and crops such as rice, wheat and corn are mainly used. The harvesting and warehousing of crops is the last key step in the grain production process, has the characteristics of strong seasonality, large workload, easiness in being influenced by strong wind and rain disasters and the like, and plays an important role in the grain harvesting process for ensuring the smooth harvesting and warehousing of the grains and reducing the loss. At present, china is in the high-speed development period of agricultural modernization and agricultural mechanization, various mechanized agricultural implements are applied on a large scale, and the intelligent degree of various modern agricultural implements is continuously improved. Meanwhile, in the operation process of the traditional harvester, the internal combustion engine is mainly used as a power output device, power is transmitted to the operation component for operation through various complicated mechanical transmissions, the mechanical transmission ratio is large, the transmission system is complicated, the power transmission chain is long, and the defects of low transmission efficiency, high failure rate, complex maintenance and the like of the harvester are caused.
Modern agriculture has increasingly stringent requirements for efficient and energy-saving agricultural machinery, and green agricultural machinery with low noise, no pollution and high efficiency and energy saving is an important research point of the current relevant disciplines. For harvesters, related researchers have attempted to replace traditional fuel drive systems with pure electric drive systems, but limited by the requirements of harvester power and endurance, and have not been able to get a better solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a topological structure and an operation mode of an electric hydraulic coupling harvester, which can realize that operating systems such as a header electric driving system, a threshing device electric driving system, a cleaning device electric driving system and the like of the harvester are driven by independent motors, a hydraulic driving traveling system is driven by a hub hydraulic motor system to work, realize that the rotating speeds of the operating systems of the harvester are independently controlled, shorten a power transmission chain, improve the transmission efficiency, ensure the requirements of power and endurance of the harvester, and realize the aim of energy-saving operation of the harvester.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the scheme adopted by the invention is that the electric hydraulic coupling harvester topological structure and the operation mode thereof are adopted, the topological structure comprises a cutting knife 1, a reel 2, a cutting table auger 3, a cutting table conveying device 4, a cutting table hydraulic lifting device 5, a torque coupling device 6, a methane engine 7, a hydraulic pump, an electric control hydraulic valve group 8, a hub hydraulic motor system 9, a vibrating screen 10, a cleaning fan 11, a cleaning device motor 12, a threshing device motor 13, a threshing cylinder gap adjusting device 15, a feeding cylinder 18, a power battery 18, a generator 19, a cutting table device motor 20 and a cutting knife driving device 21, and the topological structure forms a cutting table electric driving system, a threshing device electric driving system and the like of the harvester and a hydraulic driving walking system.
The electric generator 19 is respectively and electrically connected with the power battery 18, the header device motor 20, the threshing device motor 13 and the cleaning device motor 12, the electric generator 19 generates electricity to supply power to the header device motor 20, the threshing device motor 13 and the cleaning device motor 12 and drive each operation system of the harvester to work, when the harvester works under low load and the state of charge value of the power battery 18 is lower, the electric generator 19 outputs surplus electric quantity to be stored in the power battery 18, and when the harvester works under high load, the power battery 18 and the electric generator 19 simultaneously supply power to the motors in the operation systems so as to ensure the stable operation of the harvester under high load.
The motor 20 of the header device is in chain transmission with the cutter 1, the reel 2 and the header auger 3, the motor 13 of the threshing device is in chain transmission with the feeding roller, and the hydraulic pump 17 is connected with the electric control hydraulic valve group 8 and the hub hydraulic motor system through hydraulic pipelines.
The electric driving system of the cutting table comprises a cutting table device motor 20, a cutting knife driving device 21, a cutting knife 1, a reel 2, a cutting table auger 3, a cutting table conveying device 4 and a cutting table hydraulic lifting device 5, wherein a three-stage flywheel set is arranged on an output shaft of the cutting table device motor and is respectively connected with the cutting knife 1, the reel 2 and the cutting table auger 3 through chains to drive the cutting knife 1, the reel 2 and the cutting table auger 3 to work and harvest crops, the output shaft of the cutting table device motor directly drives the cutting table conveying device 4 to work and conveys the harvested crops to a feeding roller 16, and the cutting table hydraulic lifting device 5 controls the space position state of the whole electric driving system of the cutting table.
The electric driving system of the threshing device comprises a threshing device motor 13, a threshing cylinder 14, a threshing cylinder gap adjusting mechanism 15 and a feeding cylinder 16, wherein a flywheel is arranged on an output shaft of the threshing device motor 13 and is connected with the feeding cylinder 16 through a chain to feed crops conveyed by a header conveying device 4 into the threshing cylinder 14, and the output shaft of the threshing device motor 13 is meshed with a gear to drive the threshing cylinder 14.
The electric driving system of the cleaning device comprises a cleaning device motor 12, a cleaning fan 11 and a vibrating screen 10, wherein the cleaning fan 11 is directly arranged on an output shaft of the cleaning device motor 12, and the cleaning device motor 12 drives the vibrating screen 10 to work through a cam-connecting rod combined mechanism.
The methane engine 7 is used as an energy supplementing device and a power source for driving a traveling system, the power output by the methane engine 7 drives a generator 19 to generate power through a torque coupling device 6, so as to drive a header device motor 20, a threshing device motor 13 and a cleaning device motor 12 to work and store redundant electric quantity in a power battery 18, and the other part of power is converted into hydraulic energy through a hydraulic pump 17 and controls the harvester to travel through an electric control hydraulic valve group 8.
The invention further provides an electric control hydraulic valve group of the electric hydraulic coupling harvester, wherein the electric control hydraulic valve group 8 comprises a quantitative hydraulic pump 8-1, a two-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-2, four first two-position two-way hydraulic valves 8-4, a second two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-5, a third two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-11, a fourth two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-12, a three-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-6, two first overflow valves 8-9 and second overflow valves 8-15, electrohydraulic proportional valves 8-10, a first one-way valve 8-3, a second one-way valve 8-13, an accumulator 8-14, an oil tank 8-17, a hydraulic sensor 8-19 and a controller 8-20, wherein the first two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-4 and the second two-way hydraulic valve 8-5 form the electrohydraulic coupling 8-18, and the third two-way hydraulic valve 8-11, the fourth two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-12, the second one-way valve 8-13 and the second one-way valve 8-13 have a proportional valve 8-10 reversing function.
The electric control hydraulic valve group 8 can realize that when the harvester is idling, if the pressure of the accumulator is lower than the limit value, the quantitative hydraulic pump works, energy is stored in the accumulator, if the pressure of the accumulator is maintained at the limit value, the quantitative hydraulic pump stops working, when the harvester works, if the quantitative hydraulic pump works stably and can output constant-pressure high-pressure oil, the quantitative hydraulic pump works to drive a variable hydraulic motor arranged on a hub to work, if the quantitative hydraulic pump is influenced by the change of the rotating speed of the methane engine 7 and can not output constant-pressure hydraulic oil, and a hydraulic sensor arranged in a high-pressure oil path detects that the oil pressure in the high-pressure oil path is unstable, a controller controls the accumulator and the quantitative hydraulic pump to output the high-pressure oil simultaneously, adjusts the oil pressure output of the accumulator according to the oil pressure state in the high-pressure oil path, drives the variable hydraulic motor to work stably, and when the harvester needs reversing, the reversing of the harvester is realized through a three-position four-way hydraulic valve, so that the reversing of the hub hydraulic motor system is driven.
The electro-hydraulic coupling harvester has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The methane engine is used as an energy supplementing device and a power source for driving a traveling system, meets the endurance requirements of the harvester while guaranteeing the power of the harvester, and realizes energy-saving operation and long endurance operation of the harvester.
(2) The operation systems such as a cutting table electric driving system, a threshing device electric driving system, a cleaning device electric driving system and the like of the harvester are driven by independent motors, so that the rotation speed of each operation system can be independently controlled, and the harvester is suitable for harvesting various crops.
(3) The power output by each motor in the cutting table electric drive system, the threshing device electric drive system and the cleaning device electric drive system is directly transmitted to each working part through chain transmission, so that the power transmission chain is shortened, and the transmission efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a topological structure diagram of an electrohydraulic coupled harvester according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electronically controlled hydraulic valve block of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a hydraulic oil power transmission route diagram during operation of the harvester of the invention.
Reference numeral 1, cutting knife; 2, reel, 3, header auger, 4, header conveying device, 5, header hydraulic lifting device, 6, torque coupling device, 7, methane engine, 8, electric control hydraulic valve group, 9, hub hydraulic motor system, 10, vibrating screen, 11, cleaning blower, 12, cleaning device motor, 13, threshing device motor, 14, threshing roller, 15, threshing roller clearance adjusting mechanism, 16, feeding roller, 17, hydraulic pump, 18, power battery, 19, generator, 20, header device motor, 21, cutter driving device, 8-1, quantitative hydraulic pump, 8-2, two-position four-way hydraulic valve, 8-3, first one-way valve, 8-4, first two-way hydraulic valve, 8-5, second two-way hydraulic valve, 8-6, three-position four-way hydraulic valve, 8-7, first two-way variable hydraulic motor, 8-8, second two-way variable hydraulic motor, 8-9, first valve, 8-10, electrohydraulic proportional valve, 8-11, third two-way hydraulic valve, 8-12, second two-way variable hydraulic valve, 8-12, fourth two-way hydraulic valve, 8-16, 8-way hydraulic valve, 8-16, hydraulic valve, 8-17, hydraulic valve.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the topology structure of the electrohydraulic coupling type harvester comprises a cutter 1, a reel 2, a header auger 3, a header conveying device 4, a header hydraulic lifting device 5, a torque coupling device 6, a methane engine 7, an electric control hydraulic valve group 8, a hub hydraulic motor system 9, a vibrating screen 10, a cleaning fan 11, a cleaning device motor 12, a threshing device motor 13, a threshing cylinder 14, a threshing cylinder gap adjusting mechanism 15, a feeding cylinder 16, a generator 19, a hydraulic pump 17, a header device motor 20 and a cutter driving device 21. The topological structure comprises a cutting table electric driving system, a threshing device electric driving system, a cleaning device electric driving system and other operating systems and a hydraulic driving traveling system of the harvester.
The power generator 19 is respectively and electrically connected with the power battery 18, the header device motor 20, the threshing device motor 13 and the cleaning device motor 12, the power generator 19 generates power to supply power to the header device motor 20, the threshing device motor 13 and the cleaning device motor 12 and drive each operation system of the harvester to work, when the harvester works under low load and the state of charge value of the power battery 18 is lower, the power generator 19 outputs surplus electric quantity to be stored in the power battery 18, and when the harvester works under high load, the power battery 18 and the power generator 19 simultaneously supply power to the motors in the operation systems so as to ensure the stable operation of the harvester under high load. The motor 20 of the cutting table device is in chain transmission with the cutting knife 1, the reel 2 and the cutting table auger 3, the motor 13 of the threshing device is in chain transmission with the feeding roller, and the hydraulic pump 17 is connected with the electric control hydraulic valve group 8 and the hub hydraulic motor system 9 through hydraulic pipelines.
The cutting knife 1, the reel 2 and the cutting auger 3 in the cutting table electric driving system are arranged at the forefront end of the harvester and are respectively connected with the cutting table device motor 20 through a chain transmission system, the output power of the cutting table device motor 20 is used for driving the cutting knife 1, the reel 2 and the cutting auger 3 which are connected to work through the chain transmission system, and meanwhile, the output shaft of the cutting table device motor 20 is directly connected with the driving shaft of the cutting table conveying device 4 to drive the cutting table conveying device 4 to convey the harvested crops into the threshing device. The feeding roller 16 in the threshing device electric driving system is connected with the threshing device motor 13 through a chain transmission system, the output shaft of the threshing device motor 13 is meshed with the driving shaft of the threshing roller 14 through a cross gear, the output power of the threshing device motor 13 drives the feeding roller 16 to work through the chain transmission system, crops output by the header conveying device 4 are fed into the threshing roller 14, the threshing device motor 13 outputs power to drive the threshing roller 14 to work again, straw and grains in the crops are separated, and the threshed crops are continuously conveyed to the cleaning device electric driving system. The cleaning fan 11 in the cleaning device electric driving system is directly arranged on the output shaft of the cleaning device motor 12, meanwhile, the cleaning device motor 12 also drives the vibrating screen 10 to work through the cam-connecting rod combination mechanism, crops separated from grains and straws in the threshing device are further screened in the cleaning device, the vibrating screen 10 collects the grains in the storage bin through vibration, and the straws are blown out of the harvester by the cleaning fan 11.
The hydraulic driving running system mainly uses the power output by the methane engine 7 to drive the hydraulic pump 17 to work through the torque coupling device 6 to generate high-pressure oil, the hydraulic pipeline flows into an electric control hydraulic valve group 8, and the electric control hydraulic valve group 8 controls a hub hydraulic motor system 9 to work so as to drive the harvester to walk.
When the electro-hydraulic coupling harvester works, the methane engine 7 is used as an energy supplementing device and a power source for driving a walking system, part of power is converted into electric energy by the generator 19 through the torque coupling device 6 and stored in the power battery 18 for the working systems of the harvester, and the other part of power is converted into hydraulic energy through the hydraulic pump 17 and used for controlling the harvester to walk through the electric control hydraulic valve group 8.
Referring to fig. 2, the hydraulic driving traveling system of the electric control hydraulic coupling type harvester adopting the topological structure performs driving traveling control on two bidirectional variable hydraulic motors mounted on driving wheels by an electric control hydraulic valve group 8, wherein the electric control hydraulic valve group 8 comprises a two-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-2, four first two-position two-way hydraulic valves 8-4, a second two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-5, a third two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-11 and a fourth two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-12, a three-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-6, two first overflow valves 8-9 and second overflow valves 8-15, an electrohydraulic proportional valve 8-10, a second one-way valve 8-13 which are identical in structure, The hydraulic system comprises an energy accumulator 8-14, an oil tank 8-17 and a quantitative hydraulic pump 8-1 (namely, the hydraulic pump 17 in FIG. 1), wherein an oil outlet of the quantitative hydraulic pump 8-1 is connected with a P port of a two-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-2 through a hydraulic pipeline, a C port of the two-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-2 is connected with an E port of a first two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-4 through a hydraulic pipeline, a first one-way valve 8-3 is arranged on the hydraulic pipeline, a D port of the two-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-2 is simultaneously connected with an H port of a second two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-5 and an R port of a reversing valve group 8-16, an O port of the two-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-2 is blocked through a sealing device, and the reversing valve group 8-16 comprises an electrohydraulic proportional valve 8-10, the hydraulic coupling valve comprises a third two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-11, a fourth two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-12, a second one-way valve 8-13, an electrohydraulic proportional valve 8-10 and a third two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-11 which are connected in series, wherein the third two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-11 is connected with the fourth two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-12 and the second one-way valve 8-13 which are connected in series in parallel, an inlet of the one-way valve is connected with an outlet of the fourth two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-12, an outlet of the one-way valve is an S port of a reversing valve group, an inlet of the fourth two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-12 is an R port of the reversing valve group, an F port of the first two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-4 in the hydraulic coupling valve group 8-18, The I port of the second two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-5 and the K port of the first overflow valve 8-9 are connected with the A port of the three-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-6 through hydraulic pipelines, the hydraulic sensor 8-19 is arranged on the hydraulic pipeline connected with the A port of the three-position four-way hydraulic valve and transmits the pressure value obtained from the hydraulic pipeline to the controller 8-20, the S port of the reversing valve 8-16 is connected with the accumulator 8-14 and the T port of the second overflow valve 8-15 through hydraulic pipelines, the J port of the first overflow valve 8-9, the B port of the three-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-6 and the Q port of the second overflow valve 8-15 are connected with the oil tank 8-17 through hydraulic pipelines, the hub hydraulic motor system comprises a first two-way variable hydraulic motor 8-7 and a second two-way variable hydraulic motor 8 which are arranged on a driving hub of a harvester in opposite directions, and the M port of the three-position four-way hydraulic valve is connected with the oil port of the first two-way variable hydraulic motor 8-7 respectively, The hydraulic ports of the second two-way variable hydraulic motor 8-8 are connected through a hydraulic pipeline, the N port of the three-position four-way hydraulic valve is respectively connected with the other hydraulic port of the first two-way variable hydraulic motor 8-7 and the other hydraulic port of the second two-way variable hydraulic motor 8-8 through a hydraulic pipeline, so that double-loop control is formed, specifically, a loop ① is formed, hydraulic oil flows into the two-way variable hydraulic motors from the M port of the three-position four-way hydraulic valve and then flows back to an oil tank from the N port and the B port of the three-position four-way hydraulic valve, a loop ② is formed, hydraulic oil flows into the two-way variable hydraulic motors from the N port of the three-position four-way hydraulic valve and then flows into the M port of the three-position four-way hydraulic valve, And the port B flows back to the oil tank. the controller is electrically connected with the two-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-2, the first two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-4, the second two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-5, the third two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-11, the fourth two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-12, the electrohydraulic proportional valve 8-10 and the three-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-6, and controls the states of the hydraulic valves, so that the control of the high-pressure oil flow direction of the electric control hydraulic valve group 8 is realized.
Referring to fig. 3, the electric control hydraulic valve group 8 adjusts the working state of the quantitative hydraulic pump 8-1 and the flow direction of high pressure oil according to the operating state of the harvester in different operating states, when the harvester is idling, if the accumulator pressure is maintained at the maximum limit value, the quantitative hydraulic pump 8-1 stops operating, if the accumulator pressure 8-14 is lower than the maximum limit value, referring to fig. 3 (a), the quantitative hydraulic pump 8-1 operates, at this time, the two-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-2 is at the right position, the first two-way hydraulic valve 8-4 and the second two-way hydraulic valve 8-5 are at the left position, the three-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-6 is at the middle position, the third two-way hydraulic valve 8-11 is at the left position, the fourth two-way hydraulic valve 8-12 is at the right position, the hydraulic oil output from the quantitative hydraulic pump 8-1 is discharged through the P port and D port of the two-way hydraulic valve 8-2, When the harvester is operated, referring to fig. 3 (b), the quantitative hydraulic pump 8-1 is operated, the two-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-2 is at the left position, the first two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-4 is at the right position, the second two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-5 is at the left position, the third two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-11 and the fourth two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-12 are at the left position, the three-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-6 is at the left position, and hydraulic oil output from the quantitative hydraulic pump 8-1 flows through the P port and the C port of the two-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-2, During the operation of the harvester, if the rotation speed of the methane engine 7 is unstable and the oil pressure of the high-pressure oil output by the quantitative hydraulic pump 8-1 is unstable, the hydraulic value in the high-pressure oil path is obtained by the hydraulic sensor 8-19 and is transmitted to the controller, the output proportion of the electrohydraulic proportional valve is regulated by the controller after calculation, the electric control hydraulic valve group 8 starts the quantitative hydraulic pump-accumulator driving mode, and referring to fig. 3 (c), the two-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-2 is at the left position, the first two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-4, a second two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-5, The third two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-11 is positioned at the right position, the fourth two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-12 is positioned at the left position, the three-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-6 is positioned at the right position, hydraulic oil output from the quantitative hydraulic pump is input into a high-pressure loop of the hub hydraulic motor system from the P port and the C port of the two-position four-way hydraulic valve to the E port and the F port of the first two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-4, high-pressure oil output from the accumulator 8-14 is input into the H port of the second two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-5 through the S port of the reversing valve group 8-16 under the regulation of the electro-hydraulic proportional valve 8-10 of the reversing valve group 8-16, hydraulic oil output from the quantitative hydraulic pump 8-1 and the accumulator 8-14 is coupled to output high-pressure hydraulic oil and low-pressure hydraulic oil in the hydraulic coupling valve group 8-18, and the low-pressure hydraulic oil is input into the high-pressure loop of the hub hydraulic motor system from the A port and the M port of the four-way valve 8-6 through the three-position hydraulic valve 8-6, and the low-pressure hydraulic oil flows back to the oil tank 8-17 through the N port and the B port of the three-position hydraulic valve 8-6; when the harvester needs to be reversed, the hub hydraulic motor system is reversed, and referring to fig. 3 (d), the quantitative hydraulic pump 8-1 works, the two-position four-way hydraulic valve 8-2 is positioned at the left position, the first two-position two-way hydraulic valve 8-4 is positioned at the right position, The second two-way hydraulic valve 8-5 is positioned at the left position, the third two-way hydraulic valve 8-11 and the fourth two-way hydraulic valve 8-12 are positioned at the left position, the three-way four-way hydraulic valve 8-6 is positioned at the right position, hydraulic oil output from the quantitative hydraulic pump 8-1 flows back to the oil tank 8-17 through the port P and the port C of the two-way hydraulic valve 8-2, the port E and the port F of the first two-way hydraulic valve 8-4 and the port A and the port N of the three-way four-way hydraulic valve 8-6 are input into a high-pressure loop of the hub hydraulic motor system, and low-pressure oil output from the hub hydraulic motor system flows back to the oil tank 8-17 through the port M and the port B of the three-way four-way hydraulic valve 8-6.
While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The shape, construction, control strategy parts of the invention, which are not described in detail, are well known.