Urease introduction device and method of dialysate regeneration systemTechnical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of portable equipment for kidney substitution therapy, in particular to a urease introducing device and method of a dialysate regeneration system.
Background
At present, most chronic kidney disease patients use large-scale immovable machines to carry out intermittent kidney substitution treatment, the concentration of liquid, uremic toxins and electrolyte in the dialysis process is changed rapidly, the concentration is far from the stable internal environment maintained by healthy kidneys, and the intermittent kidney substitution treatment causes low uremic toxin removal efficiency and poor use convenience. With the development of microfluidics and nanotechnology, portable devices for kidney replacement therapy, i.e., wearable artificial kidneys, were first realized in 2005. The wearable artificial kidney can provide patients with more frequent and efficient toxin-removal therapy outside the hospital.
Current wearable artificial kidney protocols mainly include hemodialysis-based wearable artificial kidneys and peritoneal dialysis-based wearable artificial kidneys. A large amount of dialysate is required during the treatment, and a dialysate regeneration technique is required to achieve the wearability of the artificial kidney. That is, each time the waste dialysate is purified to a reusable dialysate, the highest toxin in the waste dialysate is urea, which accounts for about 90% of the excretion of kidney nitrogen. It is the highest daily molar yield of waste solute, 240-470mmol, and effective urea removal is critical for the cyclic regeneration of the dialysate. In order to remove urea, the most efficient method is to use urease and rely on the specific catalytic decomposition capability of the urease to urea to quickly remove a large amount of urea. Urease is a highly specific enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide, with the enzymatic hydrolysis rate of urea being 1014 times the non-enzymatic hydrolysis rate.
In the prior art, all urease used in the wearable artificial kidney using urease is immobilized urease, and the immobilized urease is insoluble in water without low-temperature preservation conditions, so the adding mode is that the immobilized urease is directly put into an adsorption box, the dialysis solution containing urea is directly passed through, and then the adsorption box is replaced. See, in particular, the 2015800340133 patent entitled "system for supplementing urease introduction within a sorbent cartridge". The problem with this introduction system is that the cartridge needs to be replaced frequently and the immobilized urease typically has only one ten thousandth to one thousandth of the pure urease activity. If pure urease can be utilized, the urea removal effect can be greatly improved, but the introduction system is not suitable for directly introducing pure urease because the pure urease requires low-temperature preservation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the urease introducing device and the urease introducing method of the dialysate regeneration system, which realize the real-time and quantitative introduction of pure urease of the dialysate regeneration system and ensure the activity and the treatment efficiency of the urease solution during the use period in the artificial kidney.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The application provides a urease introducing device of a dialysate regeneration system, which comprises a storage part, a refrigerating part and a heat exchange part, wherein the structure of the storage part comprises a pressure cavity for storing pure urease, the structure of the heat exchange part comprises a fluid channel for allowing dialysate to pass through, the refrigerating part adopts a semiconductor refrigerating assembly, the cold end of the semiconductor refrigerating assembly is used for transmitting cold energy to the pressure cavity so as to provide a low-temperature storage environment for the pure urease, and the hot end of the semiconductor refrigerating assembly is used for transmitting heat to the fluid channel so as to heat the dialysate.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
The storage part is of a tubular structure, a self-driving part is movably arranged in the tubular structure, the pressure cavity is formed between the self-driving part and the tubular structure, and the self-driving part is used for quantitatively outputting pure urease from the pressure cavity.
The semiconductor refrigeration assembly comprises a refrigeration unit, wherein a plurality of P-type semiconductors and N-type semiconductors are sequentially arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction to form an annular structure, the P-type semiconductors and the N-type semiconductors are connected into a whole in pairs by a plurality of inner conductive sheets on the inner side of the annular structure, the P-type semiconductors and the N-type semiconductors are connected into a whole in pairs by a plurality of outer conductive sheets on the outer side of the annular structure, the inner conductive sheets and the outer conductive sheets which are adjacent along the circumferential direction are connected in series by the same P-type semiconductor or N-type semiconductor to form a series of PN junctions in series, so that the inner conductive sheets and the outer conductive sheets respectively form a cold end and a hot end, and the refrigeration unit is sequentially connected in series along the axial direction of the annular structure by conductive pieces.
The heat conducting piece comprises an outer ceramic tube and an inner ceramic tube, the inner ceramic tube is arranged on the inner side of the annular structure and is connected with the inner conducting strip, the outer ceramic tube is arranged on the outer side of the annular structure and is connected with the outer conducting strip, the storage part is arranged on the inner side of the inner ceramic tube, and the heat exchange part is arranged on the outer side of the outer ceramic tube.
The inner conducting strip and the outer conducting strip are arc-shaped copper sheets, so that the whole semiconductor refrigeration assembly is circular, the sections of the outer ceramic tube and the inner ceramic tube are circular, the inner wall of the outer ceramic tube is bonded with the outer conducting strip, and the outer wall of the inner ceramic tube is bonded with the inner conducting strip.
The structure of the heat exchange part is a spiral coil, and the interfaces at the two ends of the heat exchange part are respectively connected with the dialysate storage bag.
The section of the spiral coil pipe is semicircular, and the inner side of the spiral coil pipe is tightly attached to the outer ceramic pipe.
The outlet of the pressure cavity is connected with a dialysate regeneration system in the artificial kidney.
The application also provides a urease introducing method of the dialysate regeneration system, which comprises the steps of storing pure urease solution in a pressure cavity of a storage part by utilizing the urease introducing device of the dialysate regeneration system, cooling the storage part by utilizing a cold end of a semiconductor refrigeration component of a refrigeration part, providing a low-temperature preservation environment for the pure urease, heating a heat exchange part by utilizing a hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration component of the refrigeration part, and heating the dialysate flowing through the heat exchange part to reach a temperature condition of entering an abdominal cavity.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
When the dialysate regeneration treatment is needed, the pure urease in the pressure cavity is quantitatively output to a dialysate regeneration system in the artificial kidney by using the self-driving part, and urea in the dialysate is decomposed by using the pure urease solution.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the low-temperature preservation condition of the pure urease is created, the real-time and quantitative introduction of the pure urease of the dialysate regeneration system is realized, the pure urease is utilized to treat urea, and the high efficiency which cannot be achieved by adopting the immobilized urease in the prior art is realized.
2. The present application can provide a storage environment for the urease solution at 0 ℃ to have a shelf life of at least one month, thereby ensuring the activity and treatment efficiency of the urease solution during use in artificial kidney.
3. The semiconductor refrigerating fin is cooled by adopting a water cooling mode, and the dialysate is used as water cooling liquid, so that on one hand, the cooling of the semiconductor refrigerating hot end is realized, and on the other hand, the heat is recycled and used for heating the dialysate, so that the temperature condition of entering the abdominal cavity of a human body is reached, the circulating heating can be carried out, and the energy efficient utilization is realized.
4. The semiconductor refrigeration component has reasonable structural design, is structurally matched with a preservation pipe for storing urease solution, and improves the utilization rate of refrigeration power.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of an introduction device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single refrigeration unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the current flow in a single refrigeration unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a current flow in the entire semiconductor refrigeration assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an assembly structure of a heat conductive ceramic sheet set and a semiconductor refrigeration assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing an exploded structure of the holding tube and the piston assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing an assembly structure of an introducing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a semiconductor refrigeration component, a heat conduction ceramic sheet group, a water cooling pipeline, a storage pipe, a piston component, an outer conducting sheet, a P-type semiconductor, an N-type semiconductor, an outer ceramic tube, an inner ceramic tube, a refrigerating unit, a piston, a rack, a speed reducing gear set, a small servo motor, a15 and an inner conducting sheet, wherein the semiconductor refrigeration component is shown as the specification, the heat conduction ceramic sheet group is shown as the specification, the specification comprises the specification of the semiconductor refrigeration component, the specification of the heat conduction ceramic sheet group, the specification of the water cooling pipeline, the specification of the preservation pipe, the specification of the piston component, the specification of the external conducting sheet, the specification of the P-type semiconductor, the specification of the N-type semiconductor, the specification of the external conducting sheet.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The application provides a urease introducing device of a dialysate regeneration system, which comprises a storage part, a refrigerating part and a heat exchange part, wherein the structure of the storage part comprises a pressure cavity for storing pure urease, the structure of the heat exchange part comprises a fluid channel for allowing dialysate to pass through, the refrigerating part adopts a semiconductor refrigerating assembly, the cold end of the semiconductor refrigerating assembly is used for transmitting cold energy to the pressure cavity so as to provide a low-temperature storage environment for the pure urease, and the hot end of the semiconductor refrigerating assembly is used for transmitting heat to the fluid channel so as to heat the dialysate.
The storage part is of a tubular structure, a self-driving part is movably arranged in the tubular structure, the pressure cavity is formed between the self-driving part and the tubular structure, and the self-driving part is used for quantitatively outputting pure urease from the pressure cavity.
The application also provides a urease introducing method of the dialysate regeneration system, which comprises the steps of storing pure urease solution in a pressure cavity of a storage part by utilizing the urease introducing device of the dialysate regeneration system, cooling the storage part by utilizing a cold end of a semiconductor refrigeration component of a refrigeration part, providing a low-temperature preservation environment for the pure urease, and heating a heat exchange part by utilizing a hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration component of the refrigeration part, so that the dialysate flowing through the heat exchange part is heated to reach a temperature condition of entering an abdominal cavity.
When the dialysate regeneration treatment is needed, the pure urease in the pressure cavity is quantitatively output to a dialysate regeneration system by using the self-driving piece, and urea in the dialysate is decomposed by using the pure urease solution.
Urease is used as biological enzyme, and needs to be preserved at-20deg.C for a long period of time, and even if it is preserved for several weeks to one month, it is still required to be below 0deg.C. The urease introducing device and the urease introducing method of the dialysate regeneration system realize low-temperature preservation of urease, realize that urea in the dialysate is treated by using pure urease, and have high efficiency which cannot be realized by treating urea by using immobilized urease in the prior art. In addition, when the semiconductor refrigeration component is used for refrigerating, the heat generated by the hot end of the semiconductor refrigeration component is recycled for circularly heating the dialysate, so that the dialysate meets the temperature condition of entering the abdominal cavity of a human body, and no energy is wasted in the process.
The technical scheme of the application is further described in the following specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and 7, a urease introducing device of a dialysate regeneration system of the present embodiment includes a holding tube 4, a piston assembly 5, a semiconductor refrigeration assembly 1, a heat conductive ceramic sheet set 2, and a water cooling pipe 3;
the piston assembly 5 is movably assembled with the preservation pipe 4, the semiconductor refrigeration assembly 1 is fixedly arranged in the heat-conducting ceramic sheet group 2, the cold end and the hot end face the inner side and the outer side of the heat-conducting ceramic sheet group 2 respectively, and the preservation pipe 4 is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the heat-conducting ceramic sheet group 2. The pure urease is stored in the storage tube 4, and the piston assembly 5 can quantitatively pump the pure urease, so that the convenience and the instantaneity of the introduction operation are improved.
Referring to fig. 2, the semiconductor refrigeration assembly 1 comprises a refrigeration unit 101, wherein a plurality of P-type semiconductors 7 and N-type semiconductors 8 are sequentially arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction to form an annular structure, the P-type semiconductors 7 and N-type semiconductors 8 are connected into a whole by a plurality of inner conducting strips 15 on the inner side of the annular structure, the P-type semiconductors 7 and N-type semiconductors 8 are connected into a whole by a plurality of outer conducting strips 6 on the outer side of the annular structure, the inner conducting strips 15 adjacent to the outer conducting strips 6 along the circumferential direction are connected in series by the same P-type semiconductor or N-type semiconductor to form a series of PN junctions connected in series, so that the inner conducting strips 15 and the outer conducting strips 6 respectively form a cold end and a hot end, and as shown in fig. 1, the plurality of refrigeration units 101 are sequentially connected in series along the axial direction of the annular structure by conducting pieces.
Specifically, the inner conductive sheet and the outer conductive sheet are arc-shaped copper sheets, so that the whole semiconductor refrigeration assembly is circular, the sections of the outer ceramic tube and the inner ceramic tube are circular, the inner wall of the outer ceramic tube is bonded with the outer conductive sheet, and the outer wall of the inner ceramic tube is bonded with the inner conductive sheet.
The semiconductor refrigeration component is designed into a circular ring shape and is matched with the shape of a preservation pipe of the urease solution, so that the utilization rate of the refrigeration power can be maximized.
Referring to fig. 3, the current of the refrigeration unit 101 is shown as a graph.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic current diagram of the semiconductor refrigeration assembly 1. Wherein the circular rings of each layer represent the current flow direction of one refrigeration unit 101, the lines of current connection fluctuation from the inner side to the outer side along the circular rings are simplified for the convenience of expression, and the circular ring representation is only simplified.
The semiconductor refrigeration component can realize continuous cooling of the pure urease in the preservation pipe.
Referring to fig. 5, the heat conductive ceramic sheet set 2 includes an outer ceramic tube 9 and an inner ceramic tube 10, the inner ceramic tube 10 is disposed at the inner side of the annular structure and connected with the inner conductive sheet 15, and the outer ceramic tube 9 is disposed at the outer side of the annular structure and connected with the outer conductive sheet 6.
Preferably, the outer ceramic tube 9 and the outer conductive sheet 6 are in close fit, and the inner ceramic tube 10 and the inner conductive sheet 15 are in close fit.
The water cooling pipeline 3 can be particularly wound outside the outer ceramic tube 9 by adopting a single spiral coil, and interfaces at two ends of the water cooling pipeline are respectively connected with a dialysate storage bag so that dialysate can continuously pass through the water cooling pipeline.
Specifically, the water-cooled pipeline flows into the treated dialysate, and the outflow is heated to the dialysate which meets the temperature condition of entering the human body.
The cross section of the spiral coil is preferably semicircular, and the inner side is tightly attached to the outer ceramic tube 9.
The spiral coil is preferably brass. The inner surface of the dialysis liquid is attached with a protective layer to prevent the reaction with the dialysis liquid.
Referring to fig. 6, the structure of the piston assembly 5 comprises a piston 11, a rack 12, a reduction gear set 13 and a small servo motor 14, wherein the piston 11 and the storage tube 4 are movably assembled together to form an injector structure, the piston 11 and the rack 12 are fixedly connected, the output of the small servo motor 14 is connected with the input of the reduction gear set 13, and the output of the reduction gear set 13 is meshed with the rack 12. The piston 11 is thus precisely controlled by means of a servomotor, so that the outflow of the urease solution in the holding tube 4 is controlled to match the amount of dialysis fluid to be treated.
With the introduction device and method of the present application, a storage environment at 0 ℃ can be provided for the urease solution, so that it has a shelf life of at least one month, thereby ensuring the activity and treatment efficiency of the urease solution during use in artificial kidney.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but may be modified or substituted for some of the features described in the above-described embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.