CN115643587A - A multi-mode railway tunnel emergency communication system using satellite communication - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及铁路无线通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种使用卫星通信的多模铁路隧道应急通信系统。The invention relates to the technical field of railway wireless communication, in particular to a multi-mode railway tunnel emergency communication system using satellite communication.
背景技术Background technique
随着铁路路网的完善，特别是中西部山区铁路的大规模建设，铁路隧道难免穿越地质断裂带等高风险地区。铁路隧道工程存在规模大、埋深大、海拔高、风险高等特点，建设期间主要面临坍塌、突泥涌水、火灾爆炸、有害气体事故等严重灾害风险，在运营期间也面临着地震、坍方、突水突泥、火灾等风险。一旦出现较大的灾害，隧道内通信设备往往也会一并损毁，此时需要在隧道内快速部署并可以持续稳定工作的铁路应急通信装备。隧道所在区域往往自然环境恶劣，通信、交通、供电等基础设施薄弱，特别是隧道内，常规的通信方式难以覆盖，给应急通信网络的构建和可靠服务带来挑战。With the improvement of the railway network, especially the large-scale construction of railways in the central and western mountainous areas, it is inevitable that railway tunnels will pass through high-risk areas such as geological fault zones. The railway tunnel project has the characteristics of large scale, large buried depth, high altitude, and high risk. During the construction period, it mainly faces serious disaster risks such as collapse, mud and water inrush, fire and explosion, and harmful gas accidents. During the operation period, it also faces earthquakes, landslides, sudden Water inrush, fire and other risks. Once a major disaster occurs, the communication equipment in the tunnel will also be damaged. At this time, it is necessary to quickly deploy in the tunnel and can continue to work stably. Railway emergency communication equipment. The area where the tunnel is located often has a harsh natural environment and weak infrastructure such as communication, transportation, and power supply. Especially in the tunnel, conventional communication methods are difficult to cover, which brings challenges to the construction of emergency communication networks and reliable services.
现有的隧道应急通信方案及存在的技术问题主要如下：1）公开号为CN103200339A的中国发明专利申请《隧道应急通信系统及方法》中，使用传输电缆连接通信现场设备与中心控制设备。2）授权公告号为 CN102817635B中国发明专利《一种电力隧道有线应急通信指挥人员定位系统》中，使用多对电缆为应急通信人员定位终端提供电源和语音通信服务。以上两个方案都通过电缆（或者传输电缆）建立通信通道，然而，由于铁路超长隧道、隧道群往往长达数公里至数十公里，在隧道内布设光缆实现应急通信组网的方式存在工作量大、耗时长、工程实施困难等问题。The existing tunnel emergency communication scheme and existing technical problems are mainly as follows: 1) In the Chinese invention patent application "Tunnel Emergency Communication System and Method" with the publication number CN103200339A, a transmission cable is used to connect the communication field equipment and the central control equipment. 2) The authorized announcement number is CN102817635B Chinese invention patent "A Power Tunnel Wired Emergency Communication Commander Positioning System", using multiple pairs of cables to provide power and voice communication services for emergency communication personnel positioning terminals. Both of the above two schemes establish communication channels through cables (or transmission cables). However, since the super-long railway tunnels and tunnel groups are often several kilometers to tens of kilometers long, there is a work in the way of laying optical cables in the tunnels to realize emergency communication networking. Large amount, time-consuming, difficult project implementation and other problems.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种使用卫星通信的多模铁路隧道应急通信系统，可以综合利用包含卫星通信的多种通信资源，迅速布设网络，在隧道内布设自组网节点延伸网络覆盖，保障铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台与隧道之间重要信息的传输，提升铁路隧道突发事件条件下应急救援的应变能力和反应速度。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-mode railway tunnel emergency communication system using satellite communication, which can comprehensively utilize a variety of communication resources including satellite communication, quickly deploy a network, arrange ad hoc network nodes in the tunnel to extend network coverage, and ensure railway The transmission of important information between the multimedia emergency communication command platform and the tunnel improves the response capacity and response speed of emergency rescue under the emergency conditions of railway tunnels.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种使用卫星通信的多模铁路隧道应急通信系统，包括：隧道应急自组网通信设备、隧道应急通信网关与铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台；其中：A multi-mode railway tunnel emergency communication system using satellite communication, including: tunnel emergency self-organizing network communication equipment, tunnel emergency communication gateway and railway multimedia emergency communication command platform; wherein:
所述隧道应急自组网通信设备包括多个自组网节点，并按照设定距离间隔布设，多个自组网节点采用多跳组网方式构成隧道应急通信网络，位于隧道口的自组网节点与所述隧道应急通信网关连接，所述隧道应急通信网关使用包含卫星通信的多模通信通道与铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台连接；隧道中的应急现场设备通过接入隧道应急通信网络并经所述隧道应急通信网关与所述铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台实现数据通信。The tunnel emergency ad hoc network communication equipment includes a plurality of ad hoc network nodes, and is arranged according to a set distance interval, and a plurality of ad hoc network nodes adopt a multi-hop networking mode to form a tunnel emergency communication network, and the ad hoc network located at the tunnel mouth The node is connected to the tunnel emergency communication gateway, and the tunnel emergency communication gateway is connected to the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform using a multi-mode communication channel including satellite communication; the emergency field equipment in the tunnel is connected to the tunnel emergency communication network and passed through the The tunnel emergency communication gateway realizes data communication with the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform.
由上述本发明提供的技术方案可以看出，采用多跳自组网通信方式，在隧道内间隔一定距离布设一个自组网节点，形成由多跳节点链接而成的隧道应急通信网络，从而避免布设电缆所存在的工作量大、耗时长、工程实施困难等问题；通过使用包含卫星通信等多种通信方式的隧道应急通信网关进行融合通信，并通过构建的铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台，可以保证隧道内与铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台的可靠通信，与高效的应急指挥。It can be seen from the above-mentioned technical solution provided by the present invention that a multi-hop ad hoc network communication mode is adopted, and an ad hoc network node is arranged at a certain distance in the tunnel to form a tunnel emergency communication network linked by multi-hop nodes, thereby avoiding There are problems such as heavy workload, time-consuming, and difficult project implementation in laying cables; through the use of tunnel emergency communication gateways including satellite communications and other communication methods for integrated communication, and through the construction of railway multimedia emergency communication command platforms, it can be guaranteed Reliable communication with the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform in the tunnel and efficient emergency command.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative work.
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种使用卫星通信的多模铁路隧道应急通信系统的示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-mode railway tunnel emergency communication system using satellite communication provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的隧道内自组网结构示意图；FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ad hoc network in a tunnel provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的自组网节点结构示意图；FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the node structure of an ad hoc network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的隧道应急通信网关结构示意图；FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunnel emergency communication gateway provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a railway multimedia emergency communication command platform provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
首先对本文中可能使用的术语进行如下说明：First, the terms that may be used in this article are explained as follows:
术语“和/或”是表示两者任一或两者同时均可实现，例如，X和/或Y表示既包括“X”或“Y”的情况也包括“X和Y”的三种情况。The term "and/or" means that either or both can be realized at the same time, for example, X and/or Y means that both "X" or "Y" and "X and Y" are included .
术语“包括”、“包含”、“含有”、“具有”或其它类似语义的描述，应被解释为非排它性的包括。例如：包括某技术特征要素（如原料、组分、成分、载体、剂型、材料、尺寸、零件、部件、机构、装置、步骤、工序、方法、反应条件、加工条件、参数、算法、信号、数据、产品或制品等），应被解释为不仅包括明确列出的某技术特征要素，还可以包括未明确列出的本领域公知的其它技术特征要素。The terms "comprising", "comprising", "containing", "having" or other descriptions with similar meanings shall be construed as non-exclusive inclusions. For example: including certain technical feature elements (such as raw materials, components, ingredients, carriers, dosage forms, materials, dimensions, parts, components, mechanisms, devices, steps, procedures, methods, reaction conditions, processing conditions, parameters, algorithms, signals, data, products or products, etc.), should be interpreted as including not only a certain technical feature element explicitly listed, but also other technical feature elements not explicitly listed in the art.
术语“由……组成”表示排除任何未明确列出的技术特征要素。若将该术语用于权利要求中，则该术语将使权利要求成为封闭式，使其不包含除明确列出的技术特征要素以外的技术特征要素，但与其相关的常规杂质除外。如果该术语只是出现在权利要求的某子句中，那么其仅限定在该子句中明确列出的要素，其他子句中所记载的要素并不被排除在整体权利要求之外。The term "consisting of" means excluding any technical characteristic elements not explicitly listed. If this term is used in a claim, the term will make the claim closed so that it does not contain technical characteristic elements other than those expressly listed, except for conventional impurities related to them. If the term only appears in a certain clause of a claim, it only limits the elements explicitly listed in the clause, and the elements stated in other clauses are not excluded from the entire claim.
除另有明确的规定或限定外，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如：可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本文中的具体含义。Unless otherwise expressly stipulated or limited, terms such as "mounted", "connected", "connected" and "fixed" should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example: it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection, or an integral Connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms herein according to specific situations.
下面对本发明所提供的一种使用卫星通信的多模铁路隧道应急通信系统进行详细描述。本发明实施例中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。本发明实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照本领域常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。本发明实施例中所用仪器（设备）未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。A multi-mode railway tunnel emergency communication system using satellite communication provided by the present invention will be described in detail below. The content not described in detail in the embodiments of the present invention belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art. In the embodiment of the present invention, if no specific conditions are indicated, it is carried out according to the conventional conditions in the art or the conditions suggested by the manufacturer. The instruments (equipment) used in the examples of the present invention, those whose manufacturers are not indicated, are all conventional products that can be purchased from the market.
如图1所示，为本发明实施例提供的一种使用卫星通信的多模铁路隧道应急通信系统的示意图，主要包括：隧道应急自组网通信设备、隧道应急通信网关与铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台；其中：所述隧道应急自组网通信设备包括多个自组网节点，并按照设定距离间隔布设，多个自组网节点采用多跳组网方式构成隧道应急通信网络，位于隧道口的自组网节点与所述隧道应急通信网关连接，所述隧道应急通信网关使用包含卫星通信的多模通信通道与铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台连接；隧道中的应急现场设备通过接入隧道应急通信网络并经所述隧道应急通信网关与所述铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台实现数据通信。As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic diagram of a multi-mode railway tunnel emergency communication system using satellite communication provided by the embodiment of the present invention, mainly including: tunnel emergency ad hoc network communication equipment, tunnel emergency communication gateway and railway multimedia emergency communication command platform; wherein: the tunnel emergency ad hoc network communication equipment includes a plurality of ad hoc network nodes, and is laid out according to the set distance interval, and a plurality of ad hoc network nodes adopt a multi-hop networking mode to form a tunnel emergency communication network, which is located at the tunnel entrance The ad hoc network node is connected to the tunnel emergency communication gateway, and the tunnel emergency communication gateway is connected to the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform using a multi-mode communication channel including satellite communication; the emergency field equipment in the tunnel is connected to the tunnel emergency communication The network realizes data communication with the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform via the tunnel emergency communication gateway.
本发明实施例中，构建的隧道应急通信网络可以供隧道中的应急现场设备采用无线方式接入。示例性的，应急现场设备可以是手持终端或者电脑等具备通信能力的设备。In the embodiment of the present invention, the constructed tunnel emergency communication network can be wirelessly accessed by emergency field devices in the tunnel. Exemplarily, the on-site emergency device may be a device with communication capabilities such as a handheld terminal or a computer.
本发明实施例中，自组网节点的数目以及距离间隔可以根据实际情况或者经验进行设定，例如，可以以1KM的距离间隔布设自组网节点，并按照隧道长度确定自组网节点的数目。位于隧道口的自组网节点可以通过有线方式与隧道应急通信网关连接，实现隧道内和隧道外网络互联。自组网节点内置毫米波雷达，实现隧道内人员监测和跟踪。In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of ad hoc network nodes and the distance interval can be set according to the actual situation or experience, for example, the ad hoc network nodes can be arranged at a distance interval of 1KM, and the number of ad hoc network nodes can be determined according to the tunnel length . The ad hoc network nodes at the tunnel entrance can be connected to the tunnel emergency communication gateway by wire to realize network interconnection inside and outside the tunnel. Ad hoc network nodes have built-in millimeter-wave radars to monitor and track people in the tunnel.
本发明实施例中，隧道应急通信网关主要为隧道应急自组网通信设备提供网络接入服务，它可以集成卫星通信接口、移动/联通/电信等公网运营商网络接口和有线接口。通过隧道应急通信网关可以自动或手动方式选择一个或多个通道传输数据，各通道之间可以采用负荷分担和链路优选两种工作方式。In the embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel emergency communication gateway mainly provides network access services for tunnel emergency ad hoc network communication equipment, and it can integrate satellite communication interfaces, mobile/China Unicom/telecom and other public network operator network interfaces and wired interfaces. Through the tunnel emergency communication gateway, one or more channels can be automatically or manually selected to transmit data, and load sharing and link optimization can be used between each channel.
本发明实施例中，铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台是一个可视化指挥平台，具备设备资源管理、用户管理、GIS（地理信息系统）地图接入（轨迹追踪，轨迹重现）、集群通讯管理、图文即时通讯、视频调度、视频转发、综合视频查看、指挥调度与管理过程视音频数据存储和应用管理、固定客户端和移动客户端支持、系统维护与管理、时钟同步等功能。In the embodiment of the present invention, the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform is a visual command platform, equipped with equipment resource management, user management, GIS (Geographic Information System) map access (trajectory tracking, trajectory reproduction), cluster communication management, graphics and text Instant messaging, video scheduling, video forwarding, comprehensive video viewing, video and audio data storage and application management during command scheduling and management, fixed client and mobile client support, system maintenance and management, clock synchronization and other functions.
本发明实施例提供的上述系统中：In the above-mentioned system provided by the embodiment of the present invention:
（1）利用多跳自组网通信实现隧道内应急无线覆盖。(1) Use multi-hop ad hoc network communication to realize emergency wireless coverage in the tunnel.
铁路超长隧道、隧道群往往长达数公里至数十公里，在隧道内布设光缆实现应急通信组网的方式存在工作量大、耗时长、工程实施困难等问题，采用单节点的无线覆盖方式，隧道内无线信号传播距离较短，无法实现隧道内通信的有效覆盖。本发明采用多跳自组网通信方式，在隧道内间隔一定距离布设一个自组网节点，形成由多跳节点链接而成的隧道应急通信网络。Super-long railway tunnels and tunnel groups are often several kilometers to tens of kilometers long. The method of laying optical cables in the tunnels to realize emergency communication networking has problems such as heavy workload, time-consuming, and difficult project implementation. Single-node wireless coverage is adopted. , the propagation distance of the wireless signal in the tunnel is short, and the effective coverage of the communication in the tunnel cannot be realized. The present invention adopts a multi-hop ad hoc network communication mode, and arranges an ad hoc network node at a certain distance in the tunnel to form a tunnel emergency communication network connected by multi-hop nodes.
（2）以卫星通信为核心实现现场应急数据回传。(2) Realize on-site emergency data return with satellite communication as the core.
应急现场需要与位于后方的应急指挥中心实时通信，将应急现场采集的语音、视频和数据等信息发送给应急指挥中心，接收应急指挥中心发送的指令。本发明通过在隧道口布设应急通信网关实现远程数据回传，该网关集成了宽带卫星通信、公网移动通信及有线接入等多种通信方式，可以根据外部资源的条件选择一种或多种通信方式构建通信链路，实现应急现场和应急指挥中心之间的通信互联。The emergency scene needs to communicate with the emergency command center located at the rear in real time, send the voice, video and data collected by the emergency scene to the emergency command center, and receive the instructions sent by the emergency command center. The present invention implements remote data return by laying out an emergency communication gateway at the tunnel entrance. The gateway integrates multiple communication methods such as broadband satellite communication, public network mobile communication and wired access, and can select one or more of them according to the conditions of external resources. The communication method builds a communication link to realize the communication interconnection between the emergency scene and the emergency command center.
（3）构建铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台，实现可视化指挥。(3) Build a railway multimedia emergency communication command platform to realize visual command.
在应急指挥中心设置通信指挥平台，在应急现场设备安装应急通信客户端，实现应急信息动态接入、集成与融合，以及指挥中心与应急现场之间数据快速传递和应急信息精准推送。通信指挥平台还能接入铁路视频监控、铁路会议电视等其他系统，形成一体化的应急通信调度指挥体系。还可以通过设置数字对讲网关、公共交换电话网关、程控交换网关，实现与数字对讲系统、公众固定电话及铁路固定电话等语音通信。Set up a communication command platform in the emergency command center, and install an emergency communication client on the emergency site equipment to realize dynamic access, integration and fusion of emergency information, as well as rapid data transmission and accurate push of emergency information between the command center and the emergency site. The communication command platform can also be connected to other systems such as railway video surveillance and railway conference TV to form an integrated emergency communication dispatching command system. It can also realize voice communication with digital intercom systems, public fixed telephones and railway fixed telephones by setting up digital intercom gateways, public switched telephone gateways, and program-controlled switched gateways.
为了更加清晰地展现出本发明所提供的技术方案及所产生的技术效果，下面以具体实施例对本发明实施例所提供的一种使用卫星通信的多模铁路隧道应急通信系统进行详细描述。In order to more clearly demonstrate the technical solution provided by the present invention and the resulting technical effects, a multi-mode railway tunnel emergency communication system using satellite communication provided by the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with specific embodiments.
一、隧道应急自组网通信设备。1. Tunnel emergency ad hoc network communication equipment.
本发明实施例中，隧道应急自组网通信设备包括多个自组网节点，由自组网节点采用多跳组网方式构成隧道应急通信网络，能够实现隧道内无线通信覆盖，进而实现隧道内应急现场与铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台之间的语音、视频、数据等信息的实时传输。In the embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel emergency ad hoc network communication equipment includes a plurality of ad hoc network nodes, and the ad hoc network nodes adopt a multi-hop networking mode to form a tunnel emergency communication network, which can realize wireless communication coverage in the tunnel, and then realize Real-time transmission of voice, video, data and other information between the emergency scene and the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform.
1、隧道内组网方案。1. Networking scheme in the tunnel.
本发明实施例中提出一种线型、异频、分簇的隧道内应急自组网方法，自组网节点按线型方式逐跳连接，实现隧道内网络全覆盖，自组网节点被划分为多个簇，相邻簇采用异频组网；每一簇内包含簇头节点、成员节点与网关节点，相邻簇共用同一个具有两种不同频率的网关节点；其中，所述簇头节点、成员节点与网关节点均属于自组网节点。采用上述组网结构，可以提高自组网跳数，提高信道使用效率及系统容量。In the embodiment of the present invention, a linear, different frequency, and clustering emergency ad hoc network method in a tunnel is proposed. The ad hoc network nodes are connected hop by hop in a linear manner to achieve full coverage of the network in the tunnel. The ad hoc network nodes are divided It is multiple clusters, and adjacent clusters adopt different frequency networking; each cluster contains cluster head nodes, member nodes and gateway nodes, and adjacent clusters share the same gateway node with two different frequencies; wherein, the cluster head Nodes, member nodes and gateway nodes all belong to Ad Hoc network nodes. By adopting the above-mentioned networking structure, the number of hops in the ad hoc network can be increased, and channel utilization efficiency and system capacity can be improved.
如图2所示，一个隧道内自组网结构示意图，即线型网络结构，图中所示的簇数与成员节点数目均为举例。As shown in FIG. 2 , a schematic diagram of an ad hoc network structure in a tunnel, that is, a linear network structure, and the number of clusters and member nodes shown in the figure are examples.
本发明实施例中，每一个簇由1个簇头节点、1个网关节点、若干成员节点（0个至2个）构成，采用分簇的方式可以减少控制信息开销、提高信道使用效率及系统容量。优选的，将每个簇内的成员节点控制在4跳以内，还可以减少路由的复杂度。In the embodiment of the present invention, each cluster is composed of 1 cluster head node, 1 gateway node, and several member nodes (0 to 2). The clustering method can reduce control information overhead, improve channel usage efficiency and system capacity. Preferably, controlling the member nodes in each cluster within 4 hops can also reduce the complexity of routing.
本发明实施例中，每一个簇内的簇头节点负责簇间控制信息的传递，用于实现路由控制、无线信道控制等功能，簇头节点采用最小标识（ID）分簇算法选举产生，步骤包括：In the embodiment of the present invention, the cluster head node in each cluster is responsible for the transmission of inter-cluster control information, and is used to realize functions such as routing control and wireless channel control. The cluster head node is elected by the minimum identification (ID) clustering algorithm, and the steps include:
（1）初始时，簇内每个自组网节点均将自身置为簇头并向相邻节点广播其标识值；其中，簇内每一自组网节点均具有唯一标识值。簇内所有自组网节点都可以参与选举簇头，如果网关节点被选举为簇头，那么它既是网关节点，也是簇头节点。(1) Initially, each ad hoc network node in the cluster sets itself as the cluster head and broadcasts its identification value to adjacent nodes; wherein, each ad hoc network node in the cluster has a unique identification value. All ad hoc network nodes in the cluster can participate in the election of the cluster head. If the gateway node is elected as the cluster head, it is both a gateway node and a cluster head node.
（2）当前自组网节点将收到的其他自组网节点的标识值后，与自身标识值相比较，如果收到的其他自组网节点的标识值小于自身标识值，则当前自组网节点取消自身簇头身份，并停止对外广播其标识值。(2) The current ad hoc network node will compare the received identification value of other ad hoc network nodes with its own identification value. If the received identification value of other ad hoc network nodes is less than its own identification value, the current ad hoc network node The network node cancels its own cluster head identity and stops broadcasting its identification value to the outside world.
（3）最终，簇内具有最小标识值的自组网节点成为簇头节点，并周期性的对外广播其身份及标识值，其余自组网节点则为成员节点或网关节点。(3) Finally, the ad hoc network node with the smallest identification value in the cluster becomes the cluster head node, and periodically broadcasts its identity and identification value externally, and the remaining ad hoc network nodes are member nodes or gateway nodes.
（4）当簇头节点离开网络时（故障或其他原因离开网络），重新执行前述步骤（1）~步骤（3）选取新的簇头节点。(4) When the cluster head node leaves the network (leaves the network due to failure or other reasons), re-execute the preceding steps (1) to (3) to select a new cluster head node.
网关节点是一个特殊的自组网节点，属于两个不同的簇，可以看作是由分属相邻簇的节点合并而成，相邻簇的信息交互需要通过网关节点完成。隧道内的自组网通信设备划分为两组不同频率F1和F2，如图2所示，相邻簇使用不同的频率，网关节点可以同时支持两个频率。The gateway node is a special ad hoc network node, which belongs to two different clusters. It can be regarded as a combination of nodes belonging to adjacent clusters. The information exchange between adjacent clusters needs to be completed through the gateway node. The ad hoc network communication equipment in the tunnel is divided into two groups of different frequencies F1 and F2, as shown in Figure 2, adjacent clusters use different frequencies, and the gateway node can support two frequencies at the same time.
2、自组网节点方案。2. Ad hoc network node scheme.
如图3所示，所述自组网节点包括：第一主控单元，与第一主控单元连接的两个编码正交频分复用自组网模组（COFDM自组网模组A与COFDM自组网模组B）、无线通信模组、传感器、若干对外接口及供电单元，与供电单元连接的电池；As shown in Figure 3, the ad hoc network node includes: a first main control unit, two coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ad hoc network modules (COFDM ad hoc network module A) connected to the first main control unit With COFDM ad hoc network module B), wireless communication module, sensor, some external interfaces and power supply unit, battery connected to the power supply unit;
所述第一主控单元，用于控制两个编码正交频分复用自组网模组、通信模组、传感器、若干对外接口与供电单元，实现自组网节点的正常工作，包含数据输入与输出。The first main control unit is used to control two coded OFDM ad hoc network modules, communication modules, sensors, several external interfaces and power supply units to realize the normal operation of the ad hoc network nodes, including data input and output.
供电单元，用于为自组网节点提供工作电源；当有外部输入电源时，外部输入电源经供电单元为自组网节点提供工作电源并为电池充电，当没有外部输入电源时，通过电池经供电单元为自组网节点提供工作电源。The power supply unit is used to provide working power for the self-organizing network nodes; when there is an external input power supply, the external input power supplies the working power for the self-organizing network nodes through the power supply unit and charges the battery; when there is no external input power supply, the battery passes through The power supply unit provides working power for the self-organizing network nodes.
两个编码正交频分复用自组网模组，用于实现路由维护与数据分组的转发；若自组网节点为网关节点，则两个编码正交频分复用自组网模组使用不同频率同时工作，并分属不同的簇；若自组网节点为簇头节点或成员节点，则两个编码正交频分复用自组网模组使用互备工作方式，即，同一时刻仅有一个模组工作，另一个作为备用。此外，自组网节点中还设有两个自组网天线（自组网天线A与自组网天线B），一对一的连接编码正交频分复用自组网模组。Two COFDM ad hoc network modules are used to realize route maintenance and data packet forwarding; if the ad hoc network node is a gateway node, two coded OFDM ad hoc network modules Use different frequencies to work at the same time, and belong to different clusters; if the ad hoc network node is a cluster head node or a member node, the two coded OFDM ad hoc network modules use the mutual backup working mode, that is, the same Only one module is working at any time, and the other is used as a backup. In addition, there are two ad hoc network antennas (ad hoc network antenna A and ad hoc network antenna B) in the ad hoc network node, one-to-one connection coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing ad hoc network module.
通信模组，用于提供无线接入服务；示例性的，可以使用Wi-Fi（无线网络通信技术）模组，支持2.4G/5.8GHz双频；同时，自组网节点中还设有配套的Wi-Fi天线，并与通信模组连接。The communication module is used to provide wireless access services; for example, a Wi-Fi (wireless network communication technology) module can be used to support 2.4G/5.8GHz dual-band; at the same time, there are supporting Wi-Fi antenna, and connect with the communication module.
传感器，用于生命体征探测和目标检测。示例性的，可以使用毫米波雷达传感器，采用调频连续波探测目标的速度和距离，进而可以判断自组网节点所在位置一定范围内是否有人员存在和具体位置。同时，自组网节点中还设有配套的雷达天线，并与传感器连接。Sensors for vital sign detection and object detection. Exemplarily, a millimeter-wave radar sensor can be used to detect the speed and distance of the target by using frequency-modulated continuous waves, and then it can be determined whether there is a person within a certain range where the ad hoc network node is located and the specific location. At the same time, there are matching radar antennas in the nodes of the ad hoc network and are connected to the sensors.
若干对外接口，用于提供有线接入服务，以及自组网节点的配置。示例性的，对外接口可以包括以太网接口与TTL接口（晶体管-晶体管逻辑接口）两类，以太网提供有线方式网络接入功能，TTL接口用于配置自组网节点。A number of external interfaces are used to provide wired access services and configuration of ad hoc network nodes. Exemplarily, the external interface may include Ethernet interface and TTL interface (transistor-transistor logic interface). Ethernet provides a wired network access function, and TTL interface is used to configure the ad hoc network node.
二、隧道应急通信网关。2. Tunnel emergency communication gateway.
本发明实施例中，所述隧道应急通信网关设有多路卫星通信通道，多路公网4G与5G移动通信通道以及多路有线通信通道；其中，有线通信通道用于连接隧道口的自组网节点，卫星通信通道以及公网4G与5G移动通信通道用于与铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台连接；通过所述隧道应急通信网关将来自隧道应急通信网络的数据传递给所述铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台，以及将来自所述铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台的指令传递给所述隧道应急通信网关。In the embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel emergency communication gateway is provided with multiple satellite communication channels, multiple public network 4G and 5G mobile communication channels, and multiple wired communication channels; wherein, the wired communication channels are used to connect the ad hoc communication channels at the tunnel entrance Network nodes, satellite communication channels and public network 4G and 5G mobile communication channels are used to connect with the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform; the data from the tunnel emergency communication network is transmitted to the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform through the tunnel emergency communication gateway platform, and transmit instructions from the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform to the tunnel emergency communication gateway.
如图4所示，为隧道应急通信网关的示意图，卫星通信单元还设置了配套的便携式卫星站，此外，所呈现各类通信通道对应的单元/模组/接口数目仅为举例。As shown in Figure 4, it is a schematic diagram of the tunnel emergency communication gateway. The satellite communication unit is also equipped with a supporting portable satellite station. In addition, the number of units/modules/interfaces corresponding to various communication channels presented is only an example.
本发明实施例中，隧道应急通信网关采用多路传输控制协议技术（MPTCP），为每个通信通道建立一个传输控制协议子流（TCP子流），能够实现多个信道资源的反向多路复用，且隧道应急通信网关与自隧道应急通信网络之间，以及隧道应急通信网关与铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台之间均能够同时使用多个路径。如图4所示，由隧道应急通信网关中的第二主控单元负责监控并管理各个传输控制协议子流。In the embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel emergency communication gateway adopts multiplex transmission control protocol technology (MPTCP) to establish a transmission control protocol subflow (TCP subflow) for each communication channel, which can realize reverse multiplexing of multiple channel resources. Multiplexing, and multiple paths can be used simultaneously between the tunnel emergency communication gateway and the self-tunnel emergency communication network, and between the tunnel emergency communication gateway and the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform. As shown in FIG. 4 , the second main control unit in the tunnel emergency communication gateway is responsible for monitoring and managing each transmission control protocol subflow.
本发明实施例中，隧道应急通信网关主要工作方式如下：In the embodiment of the present invention, the main working mode of the tunnel emergency communication gateway is as follows:
（1）隧道应急通信网关启动后，使用多路传输控制协议技术与铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台建立连接。(1) After the tunnel emergency communication gateway is started, use the multiplex transmission control protocol technology to establish a connection with the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform.
（2）自组网节点以及接入隧道应急通信网络的应急现场设备均将网关设置为隧道应急通信网关。(2) The ad hoc network nodes and the emergency field equipment connected to the tunnel emergency communication network all set the gateway as the tunnel emergency communication gateway.
（3）隧道应急通信网关的每个通信通道分配有不同的优先级，并配置为优先使用不小于指定优先级的通道建立传输控制协议子流。优先级数值越大优先级越高，如有线通信接口为3级、4G/5G通信模组为2级、卫星通信单元为1级。(3) Each communication channel of the tunnel emergency communication gateway is assigned a different priority, and is configured to preferentially use channels with a priority not less than the specified priority to establish transmission control protocol subflows. The larger the priority value, the higher the priority. For example, the wired communication interface is level 3, the 4G/5G communication module is level 2, and the satellite communication unit is level 1.
示例性的：隧道应急通信网关使用3类通信信道，有线通信接口为3级、4G通信模组为2级、卫星通信单元为1级，如果设置指定优先级为2级，那么正常情况下隧道应急通信网关只会开启有线通信接口和4G通信模组，只有通信性能指标无法满足要求时，才会启用卫星信道。Exemplary: The tunnel emergency communication gateway uses three types of communication channels, the wired communication interface is level 3, the 4G communication module is level 2, and the satellite communication unit is level 1. If the specified priority is set to level 2, then under normal circumstances the tunnel The emergency communication gateway will only turn on the wired communication interface and 4G communication module, and the satellite channel will only be enabled when the communication performance indicators cannot meet the requirements.
（4）隧道应急通信网关实时监测各个传输控制协议子流的性能指标（例如，往返传输时间，TCP重传率等），若当前启动的通信信道对应传输控制协议子流的性能指标均低于预设的阈值时，启动下一个较低优先级的传输通道。(4) The tunnel emergency communication gateway monitors the performance indicators of each transmission control protocol subflow in real time (for example, round-trip transmission time, TCP retransmission rate, etc.), if the performance indicators of the currently activated communication channel corresponding to the transmission control protocol subflow are all lower than When the preset threshold is reached, the next lower priority transmission channel is started.
如图4所示，隧道应急通信网关各通信通道及相应传输控制协议子流由第二主控单元进行管理，多路径传输控制协议（多路径TCP）主要用来建立各通信通道的传输控制协议子流，所有传输控制协议子流由多路径传输控制协议子流监控与管理模块（MPTCP子流监控与管理模块）进行监控与管理；应用数据传输接口为上层应用业务提供数据传输服务，如语音通话、视频等；隧道应急通信网关可以理解为一个通信代理，对外提供一个数据传输的接口，当现场应急通信设备需要传输视频流等业务数据时，由应用数据传输接口接收现场应急通信设备经隧道应急通信网络发送的视频流，之后应用数据传输接口将数据流分配到1个或多个TCP子流，由TCP子流实际执行数据传输。通过这样的方式，使得上层的应用业务无需关心网络通信的细节，只需向应用数据传输接口发送数据或从应用数据传输接口接收数据即可。As shown in Figure 4, each communication channel of the tunnel emergency communication gateway and the corresponding transmission control protocol subflow are managed by the second main control unit, and the multipath transmission control protocol (multipath TCP) is mainly used to establish the transmission control protocol of each communication channel Subflow, all transmission control protocol subflows are monitored and managed by the multipath transmission control protocol subflow monitoring and management module (MPTCP subflow monitoring and management module); the application data transmission interface provides data transmission services for upper-layer application services, such as voice Call, video, etc.; the tunnel emergency communication gateway can be understood as a communication agent, which provides a data transmission interface externally. When the on-site emergency communication equipment needs to transmit business data such as video streams, the application data transmission interface receives the on-site emergency communication equipment through the tunnel. After the video stream sent by the emergency communication network, the data transmission interface is used to distribute the data stream to one or more TCP sub-flows, and the TCP sub-flows actually perform data transmission. In this way, the upper-layer application business does not need to care about the details of network communication, but only needs to send data to the application data transmission interface or receive data from the application data transmission interface.
本发明实施例中，通过隧道应急通信网关可以实现多路卫星通信通道、多路公网4G/5G移动通信通道以及多路有线通信通道的融合通信。每个通道被赋予不同的优先级，在保障通信承载能力的前提下，网关可以优先启用高优先级通道、关闭低优先级通道，以降低通信资费等成本。此外，还可以根据需要手动开启或者关闭隧道应急通信网关的某个通信通道。In the embodiment of the present invention, the integrated communication of multiple satellite communication channels, multiple public network 4G/5G mobile communication channels and multiple wired communication channels can be realized through the tunnel emergency communication gateway. Each channel is given a different priority. Under the premise of ensuring the communication carrying capacity, the gateway can give priority to enabling high-priority channels and closing low-priority channels to reduce costs such as communication charges. In addition, a certain communication channel of the tunnel emergency communication gateway can be manually opened or closed as required.
三、铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台。3. Railway multimedia emergency communication command platform.
本发明实施例中，所述铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台采用“一级部署、多级应用”的工作模式，如图5所示，铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台主要包括：应急通信云平台、应急通信指挥中心、应急通信指挥分中心和应急通信指挥节点；主要的硬件平台和软件（服务器）均部署在应急通信云平台，应急通信指挥中心、应急通信指挥分中心和应急通信指挥节点只配置终端设备（未设置服务器）；应急通信指挥中心、应急通信指挥分中心和应急通信指挥节点通过通信网络与应急通信云平台互联，根据其管理层级被授予不同的权限，在其权限范围内可以独立可视化指挥系统，并能够与上一管理层级级联或同一管理层级对接；其中，应急通信指挥中心、应急通信指挥分中心和应急通信指挥节点为三个管理层级，权限依次降低。此外，图5中应急通信指挥分中心和应急通信指挥节点的数目仅为举例，在实际应用中，可以根据实际情况设置应急通信指挥分中心和应急通信指挥节点的数目。In the embodiment of the present invention, the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform adopts the working mode of "one-level deployment, multi-level application". As shown in Figure 5, the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform mainly includes: emergency communication cloud platform, emergency communication Command center, emergency communication command sub-center and emergency communication command node; the main hardware platform and software (server) are deployed on the emergency communication cloud platform, and the emergency communication command center, emergency communication command sub-center and emergency communication command node are only equipped with terminal equipment (No server is installed); the emergency communication command center, emergency communication command sub-center and emergency communication command node are interconnected with the emergency communication cloud platform through the communication network, and are granted different permissions according to their management levels, and can independently visualize the command within the scope of their authority system, and can be cascaded with the previous management level or docked with the same management level; among them, the emergency communication command center, emergency communication command sub-center and emergency communication command node are three management levels, and the authority is reduced in turn. In addition, the number of emergency communication command sub-centers and emergency communication command nodes in Figure 5 is only an example. In practical applications, the number of emergency communication command sub-centers and emergency communication command nodes can be set according to actual conditions.
本发明实施例中，通过隧道应急通信网关，铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台与隧道内的现场应急设备之间可以实现语音通信、高清实时视频拍摄回传，满足应急指挥和调度的通信需求。所述铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台还与铁路综合视频系统以及远程视频会议系统联动，可以将来自应急现场设备的视频流推送给铁路综合视频系统以及远程视频会议系统；并且，还可以通过设置数字对讲网关、公共交换电话网关与程控交换网关，实现现场应急设备与数字对讲系统、公众固定电话及铁路固定电话之间的语音通信。In the embodiment of the present invention, through the tunnel emergency communication gateway, the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform and the on-site emergency equipment in the tunnel can realize voice communication, high-definition real-time video shooting and transmission, and meet the communication needs of emergency command and dispatch. The railway multimedia emergency communication command platform is also linked with the railway integrated video system and the remote video conferencing system, and can push the video stream from the emergency site equipment to the railway integrated video system and the remote video conferencing system; Intercom gateway, public switching telephone gateway and program-controlled switching gateway, realize voice communication between on-site emergency equipment and digital intercom system, public fixed telephone and railway fixed telephone.
本发明实施例中，所述铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台通过所述隧道应急通信网关接收来自隧道应急通信网络的音频信息、视频信息、物理位置信息与实施运动轨迹信息，并通过统一调度，依次经隧道应急通信网关与隧道应急通信网络将调度指令下发至应急现场设备，其中，音频信息与视频信息由应急现场设备采集，物理位置信息与实时运动轨迹信息由自组网节点采集。铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台的主要功能如下：In the embodiment of the present invention, the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform receives the audio information, video information, physical location information and movement trajectory information from the tunnel emergency communication network through the tunnel emergency communication gateway, and through unified scheduling, sequentially The tunnel emergency communication gateway and the tunnel emergency communication network send dispatch instructions to the emergency field equipment, in which the audio information and video information are collected by the emergency field equipment, and the physical location information and real-time motion track information are collected by the self-organizing network nodes. The main functions of the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform are as follows:
（1）铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台监控应急现场设备的实时位置，并使用对讲、视频、短信等直观的操作中的一种或多种方式对应急现场进行调度指挥。(1) The railway multimedia emergency communication command platform monitors the real-time location of the emergency site equipment, and uses one or more of the intuitive operations such as intercom, video, and SMS to dispatch and command the emergency site.
（2）根据需要任意建立多个固定群组和临时群组，对这些群组组内的所有在线用户发起和接收对讲组呼。此处的固定群组和临时群组是指由铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台与应急现场设备构建的群组，在线用户包括铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台中的终端设备以及应急现场设备；示例性的，铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台设有一个调度台（终端设备），应急现场设备包含手持台，则建立固定群组或临时群组后，可以实现调度台与手持台的对讲。(2) Arbitrarily establish multiple fixed groups and temporary groups as needed, and initiate and receive intercom group calls for all online users in these groups. The fixed group and the temporary group here refer to the group constructed by the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform and the emergency field equipment, and the online users include the terminal equipment and the emergency field equipment in the railway multimedia emergency communication command platform; exemplary, The railway multimedia emergency communication command platform is equipped with a dispatching station (terminal device), and the emergency field equipment includes a handheld station. After establishing a fixed group or a temporary group, the intercom between the dispatching station and the handheld station can be realized.
（3）向任意一个群组（固定群组或临时群组）或者一个在线用户发起即时通信，通信内容包括文字、文件、语音、照片、录像、位置共享等。(3) Initiate instant messaging to any group (fixed group or temporary group) or an online user, and the communication content includes text, files, voice, photos, video, location sharing, etc.
（4）可直接调看应急现场设备（例如，现场手持终端）的实时高清视频，便于指挥人员直观的了解隧道现场实时情况。(4) The real-time high-definition video of emergency on-site equipment (for example, on-site handheld terminal) can be directly viewed, which is convenient for commanders to intuitively understand the real-time situation of the tunnel site.
（5）铁路多媒体应急通信指挥平台可以将实时调看的高清视频，转发给一个或多个不在指挥中心的其他指挥人员或者管理人员的手持终端上。(5) The railway multimedia emergency communication command platform can forward the high-definition video viewed in real time to one or more handheld terminals of other command personnel or management personnel who are not in the command center.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily conceive of changes or changes within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.
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