技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于氢能源应用技术领域，具体涉及一种移动氢能微电网系统及其调度方法。The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy application, and in particular relates to a mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system and a scheduling method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
电力系统作为关乎国民经济发展与能源安全的关键基础设施，需要严格保证供电的持续性与稳定性。而配电网作为电力系统中与用户直接相连的部分，其安全可靠供电一直以来都是我国电力建设的核心要务。但实际上，偏远地区不仅网架建设滞后，而且存在大量老化折损严重的电气元件，导致故障概率远高于其它地区。若遇到自然灾害等极端情况，偏远地区的配电网发生多组元件同时损坏甚至连锁故障的概率将大幅提高。因此，对于偏远地区配网，不仅应关注其供电可靠性的提升，还需重点研究配网的韧性提升策略。As a key infrastructure related to national economic development and energy security, the power system needs to strictly ensure the continuity and stability of power supply. As the part of the power system that is directly connected to users, the safe and reliable power supply of the distribution network has always been the core priority of my country's power construction. But in fact, not only is the grid construction in remote areas lagging behind, but there are also a large number of electrical components that are severely aged and damaged, resulting in a much higher probability of failure than other regions. In the event of extreme situations such as natural disasters, the probability of multiple groups of components in the distribution network in remote areas being damaged at the same time or even chain failures will increase significantly. Therefore, for distribution networks in remote areas, we should not only pay attention to improving their power supply reliability, but also focus on studying strategies to improve the resilience of distribution networks.
氢能制备和储运技术的突破性进展，正在为能源电力系统结构的颠覆性变革奠定基础。利用氢储能高能量密度的优势能够有效支持离网系统的短期能量供应的特点，氢电耦合系统能够有效提高电力救灾的响应效率质量，协助加速故障恢复进程。但是氢电转化设备建设成本高昂，阻碍了其在偏远地区的建设与发展。Breakthroughs in hydrogen production, storage and transportation technologies are laying the foundation for disruptive changes in the structure of energy and power systems. The high energy density of hydrogen energy storage can effectively support the short-term energy supply of off-grid systems. The hydrogen-electric coupling system can effectively improve the efficiency and quality of power disaster relief and help accelerate the fault recovery process. However, the high cost of hydrogen-electric conversion equipment has hindered its construction and development in remote areas.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术中的不足，提供一种移动氢能微电网系统及其调度方法，延缓线路升级，且能够降低在偏远地区投资建设氢电转化设备的成本，提高了在偏远地区应用氢能的经济可行性，从而提升偏远地区配电网供电的可靠性与韧性。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system and a scheduling method thereof in view of the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, delay line upgrades, and reduce the cost of investing in the construction of hydrogen-to-electricity conversion equipment in remote areas, thereby improving the economic feasibility of applying hydrogen energy in remote areas, thereby improving the reliability and resilience of power supply of distribution networks in remote areas.
本发明采用以下技术方案：The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种移动氢能微电网系统，包括分布式制氢装置，分布式制氢装置设置在车体上，分布式制氢装置通过电力电子装置与配电网总线连接；分布式制氢装置的氢气输出口经压缩机与储氢储能装置入口连接，储氢储能装置出口连接氢能燃料电池的氢气输入口，氢能燃料电池的电力输出口与配电网总线连接；氢能燃料电池经余热回收装置连接换热器，用于收集氢能燃料电池发电过程中产生的热量，并通过换热器为区域热网提供热量。A mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system includes a distributed hydrogen production device, which is arranged on a vehicle body and connected to a distribution network bus through a power electronic device; a hydrogen output port of the distributed hydrogen production device is connected to an inlet of a hydrogen storage device via a compressor, an outlet of the hydrogen storage device is connected to a hydrogen input port of a hydrogen fuel cell, and a power output port of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the distribution network bus; the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to a heat exchanger via a waste heat recovery device, which is used to collect heat generated during the power generation process of the hydrogen fuel cell, and provide heat to a regional heating network through the heat exchanger.
具体的，当配电系统处于正常运行状态时，移动氢能微电网布置在装有电力电子接口的配网节点处，通过购电或利用分布式新能源发电制氢并储存；当配电系统发生故障事件后，移动氢能微电网利用一部分氢储量驱动车体移动，剩余部分氢储量通过燃料电池实现紧急供能。Specifically, when the distribution system is in normal operation, the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid is arranged at the distribution network node equipped with a power electronic interface, and hydrogen is produced and stored by purchasing electricity or utilizing distributed new energy to generate electricity; when a failure occurs in the distribution system, the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid uses part of the hydrogen reserves to drive the vehicle to move, and the remaining hydrogen reserves are used to achieve emergency energy supply through fuel cells.
第二方面，本发明实施例提供了一种移动氢能微电网系统调度方法，包括以下步骤：In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for scheduling a mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system, comprising the following steps:
S1、获取灾害发生后损坏的线路和车辆路由时间信息，给定维修人员的路由路线、路由时间以及每个故障预计需要的维修时间；S1. Obtain the damaged lines and vehicle routing time information after the disaster, and give the maintenance personnel routing route, routing time, and the estimated maintenance time required for each fault;
S2、以恢复过程中的经济损失最小为目标建立目标函数，基于步骤S1给定的路由路线、路由时间以及每个故障预计需要的维修时间，建立移动氢能微电网优化调度模型；S2. Establish an objective function with the goal of minimizing the economic loss during the recovery process, and establish a mobile hydrogen energy microgrid optimization scheduling model based on the routing route, routing time, and estimated maintenance time required for each fault given in step S1;
S3、求解步骤S2的移动氢能微电网优化调度模型，得到移动氢能微电网的最优调度方案。S3. Solve the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid optimization scheduling model of step S2 to obtain the optimal scheduling plan of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid.
具体的，步骤S2中，移动氢能微电网优化调度模型的运行约束包括：Specifically, in step S2, the operating constraints of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid optimization scheduling model include:
移动氢能微电网路由约束：允许每个移动氢能微电网在每一个时间段最多连接到某一个应急供能站节点上；限制每个时间段连接到每个应急供能站的移动氢能微电网的数量小于等于1；在每一个时间段，移动氢能微电网连接到配电网和在路网中运动是相互排斥且完全互补的状态；Routing constraints for mobile hydrogen microgrids: allow each mobile hydrogen microgrid to be connected to at most one emergency energy supply station node in each time period; limit the number of mobile hydrogen microgrids connected to each emergency energy supply station in each time period to be less than or equal to 1; in each time period, the connection of the mobile hydrogen microgrid to the distribution network and the movement in the road network are mutually exclusive and completely complementary;
移动氢能微电网电力调度约束：移动氢能微电网的氢储量随时间的变化；约束电转氢和氢转电模式功率的上下限；移动氢能微电网的电转氢模式和氢转电模式互斥的，即如果移动氢能微电网的电解槽与处于工作状态，燃料电池必然处于停机状态；Power dispatch constraints of mobile hydrogen microgrid: the change of hydrogen storage of mobile hydrogen microgrid over time; the upper and lower limits of the power of power-to-hydrogen and hydrogen-to-electricity modes; the power-to-hydrogen and hydrogen-to-electricity modes of mobile hydrogen microgrid are mutually exclusive, that is, if the electrolyzer of mobile hydrogen microgrid is in working state, the fuel cell must be in shutdown state;
分支状态约束：如果在时间段t线路仍然是损坏的，线路断开；没有远程控制开关的且未损坏的线路保持闭合状态；Branch state constraint: If the line is still damaged during time period t, the line is disconnected; undamaged lines without remote control switches remain closed;
配电网重构约束：在每个孤岛中，将一个节点作为虚拟源节点，剩余节点作为虚拟负荷节点，虚拟源节点和负荷节点分别是虚拟潮流的源节点和目的节点，所有虚拟负荷节点的虚拟负荷均设为1；在断开的线路中，虚拟潮流为0；Distribution network reconstruction constraints: In each isolated island, one node is used as a virtual source node and the remaining nodes are used as virtual load nodes. The virtual source node and load node are the source node and destination node of the virtual power flow respectively. The virtual load of all virtual load nodes is set to 1. In the disconnected line, the virtual power flow is 0.
节点输出功率约束：应急供能站节点处有功功率和无功功率分别等于移动氢能微电网在该节点处的有功和无功功率输出之和；如果不是应急供能站或者变电站节点，对应节点输出的有功和无功功率均为0；Node output power constraint: The active power and reactive power at the emergency energy supply station node are equal to the sum of the active and reactive power outputs of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid at the node; if it is not an emergency energy supply station or a substation node, the active and reactive power outputs of the corresponding node are both 0;
功率平衡约束：使各节点的有功和无功功率平衡；确定恢复负荷的上限；负荷的恢复率保持不变或不断增加直到完全恢复；固定功率因数；确定线路中复功率的上限，同时确定断开的线路中功率为0；Power balance constraints: balance the active and reactive power of each node; determine the upper limit of the restored load; the load recovery rate remains unchanged or increases continuously until it is fully restored; fix the power factor; determine the upper limit of the complex power in the line, and at the same time determine that the power in the disconnected line is 0;
潮流约束：基于DistFlow模型的潮流方程，使用一个正数松弛约束未连接的线路；Power flow constraint: Based on the power flow equation of the DistFlow model, a positive relaxation is used to constrain the unconnected lines;
线性化约束：用一个新的变量替代两个变量的乘积进行线性化。Linearization constraint: Linearize by replacing the product of two variables with a new variable.
进一步的，移动氢能微电网路由约束：Furthermore, the routing constraints of the mobile hydrogen microgrid are:
其中，Nm表示移动氢能微电网m可以连接的节点集合；Mi表示节点i能够连接的移动氢能微电网集合；为0-1变量，表示移动氢能微电网m在时间段t是否连接在节点i；为0-1变量；T表示一个调度周期内时间段的集合；trm,ij表示移动氢能微电网m在节点i和j之间的路由时间；WhereNm represents the set of nodes that mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m can connect to;Mi represents the set of mobile hydrogen energy microgrids that node i can connect to; is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether the mobile hydrogen microgrid m is connected to node i in time period t; is a 0-1 variable; T represents the set of time periods in a scheduling cycle; trm,ij represents the routing time of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m between nodes i and j;
移动氢能微电网电力调度约束：Power dispatch constraints of mobile hydrogen microgrid:
其中，表示移动氢能微电网m在时间段t制取/消耗氢气的质量速率；移动氢能微电网m在时间段t从电网吸收用于制氢的功率；表示移动氢能微电网m在时间段t发出的功率；表示ηP2H表示电解槽工作时的电-氢转换效率；ηH2P表示燃料电池工作时的氢-电转换效率；η表示氢气的热值；LOHm,t表示移动氢能微电网m在时间段t的氢储量；mtp表示移动氢能微电网运动时的耗氢速率；Δt表示一个时间段；表示移动氢能微电网m的氢储量下限/上限；表示移动氢能微电网m制氢功率的上限；表示移动氢能微电网m发出功率的上限；为0-1变量，表示移动氢能微电网m在时间段t是否在吸收/发出功率；gqm,t表示移动氢能微电网m在时间段t发出的无功功率；表示移动氢能微电网m能够发出的无功功率的最大值。in, represents the mass rate of hydrogen produced/consumed by the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m in time period t; The mobile hydrogen microgrid m absorbs power for hydrogen production from the grid during time period t; represents the power generated by the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m in time period t; represents ηP2H represents the electricity-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency when the electrolyzer is working; ηH2P represents the hydrogen-to-electricity conversion efficiency when the fuel cell is working; η represents the calorific value of hydrogen; LOHm,t represents the hydrogen storage of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m in time period t; mtp represents the hydrogen consumption rate of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid when it is moving; Δt represents a time period; represents the lower/upper limit of hydrogen storage capacity of mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m; represents the upper limit of hydrogen production power of mobile hydrogen microgrid m; represents the upper limit of the power generated by the mobile hydrogen microgrid m; is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m is absorbing/emitting power in time period t; gqm,t represents the reactive power emitted by the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m in time period t; It represents the maximum value of reactive power that the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m can generate.
进一步的，分支状态约束：Furthermore, the branch state constraints:
其中，L为电力系统的线路集合；λij,t为0-1变量，表示在时间段t断开的线路集合，LRCS表示安装了远程控制开关的线路的集合；Where L is the set of power system lines; λij,t is a 0-1 variable, represents the set of lines disconnected in time period t, LRCS represents the set of lines with remote control switches installed;
配电网重构约束：Distribution network reconstruction constraints:
其中，表示在时间段t孤岛的数目；fij,t表示在时间段t线路(i,j)上的虚拟潮流；li,t表示在时间段t节点i的虚拟负荷；gi,t表示在时间段t源节点i的虚拟供应；K1表示一个足够大的正数。in, represents the number of islands in time period t;fij,t represents the virtual power flow on line (i, j) in time period t; li,t represents the virtual load of node i in time period t; gi,t represents the virtual supply of source node i in time period t; K1 represents a sufficiently large positive number.
进一步的，节点输出功率约束：Furthermore, the node output power constraint is:
其中，Nsub表示变电站节点的集合；Pi,t/Qi,t表示节点i在时间段t的有功/无功功率输出；Psub/Qsub表示变电站的有功/无功率容量；Wherein, Nsub represents the set of substation nodes; Pi,t /Qi,t represents the active/reactive power output of node i in time period t; Psub /Qsub represents the active/reactive power capacity of the substation;
功率平衡约束：Power balance constraints:
其中，Pij,t/Qij,t为线路(i,j)在时间段t的有功/无功功率潮流；为节点i在时间段t的有功/无功需求；为节点i在时间段t恢复的有功/无功负荷；表示线路(i,j)的复功率上限。Where, Pij,t /Qij,t is the active/reactive power flow of line (i,j) in time period t; is the active/reactive power demand of node i in time period t; is the active/reactive load restored by node i in time period t; represents the complex power upper limit of line (i, j).
进一步的，潮流约束：Furthermore, the power flow constraint is:
其中，vi,t表示在时间段t节点i的电压模值的平方；K2表示足够大的正数；Vimin/Vimax表示节点i电压模值的下限/上限；rij/xij表示线路(i,j)的电阻/电抗。Wherein,vi,t representsthe square of the voltage modulus at node i in time period t;K2 represents a sufficiently large positive number;Vimin /Vimax represents the lower limit/upper limit of the voltage modulus at node i;andrij /xij represents the resistance/reactance of line (i,j).
进一步的，线性化约束：Furthermore, the linearization constraints are:
其中，表示时间段t移动氢能微电网m在节点i吸收用于制氢的功率。in, It indicates that the mobile hydrogen microgrid m absorbs the power for hydrogen production at node i during time period t.
具体的，步骤S2中，目标函数为：Specifically, in step S2, the objective function is:
其中，T表示所有时间段的集合；N表示配电网所有节点的集合；M表示移动氢能微电网的集合；表示节点i的切负荷成本系数；Ctp表示移动氢能微电网的运输成本系数；为节点i在时间段t恢复的负荷；为节点i在时间段t的负荷需求；为0-1变量。Wherein, T represents the set of all time periods; N represents the set of all nodes in the distribution network; M represents the set of mobile hydrogen energy microgrids; represents the load shedding cost coefficient of node i; Ctp represents the transportation cost coefficient of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid; is the load restored by node i in time period t; is the load demand of node i in time period t; It is a 0-1 variable.
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
本发明一种移动氢能微电网系统，通过分布式制氢、储氢储能、便携式氢能燃料电池以及余热回收装置的车载集成，形成具有自主能源供应能力的移动分布式能源系统；与传统固定式微网相比，移动氢能微电网具有更高的空间灵活性，可以按照一定的路由顺序遍历受故障影响的节点，为其提供应急供能服务，从而维持网络故障期间的重要用户供能；与一般移动电源相比，移动氢能微电网具有更大的发电容量和能量储备，因此供电能力更强，可以延缓偏远地区的线路升级，具有经济性；可以提供应急故障电源，提高供电可靠性与韧性。The present invention discloses a mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system, which forms a mobile distributed energy system with independent energy supply capability through the on-board integration of distributed hydrogen production, hydrogen energy storage, portable hydrogen fuel cells and waste heat recovery devices. Compared with traditional fixed microgrids, mobile hydrogen energy microgrids have higher spatial flexibility, can traverse nodes affected by faults in a certain routing order, and provide emergency energy supply services for them, thereby maintaining energy supply for important users during network faults. Compared with general mobile power sources, mobile hydrogen energy microgrids have larger power generation capacity and energy reserves, and therefore have stronger power supply capacity, which can delay line upgrades in remote areas and is economical. Emergency fault power can be provided to improve power supply reliability and resilience.
进一步的，在配电网正常运行时，移动氢能微电网还可以利用自身能够电-氢转化的优势，参与电力系统的需求响应，促进可再生能源的消纳。Furthermore, when the distribution network is operating normally, the mobile hydrogen microgrid can also take advantage of its own ability to convert electricity into hydrogen, participate in the demand response of the power system, and promote the consumption of renewable energy.
本发明一种移动氢能微电网系统调度方法，提出了移动氢能微电网的概念与结构模型，即通过分布式制氢(例如小型电解水装置)、储氢储能(例如储氢罐、固态氢能吸附装置)、便携式氢能燃料电池以及余热回收装置的车载集成，形成具有自主能源供应能力的移动分布式能源系统；在车辆与配电网协同调度的框架下，提出以停电过程中经济损失最小为目标的移动氢能微电网优化调度模型；基于灾害发生后损坏的线路和车辆路由时间信息，给定维修人员的路由路线、路由时间以及每个故障预计需要的维修时间等信息，考虑每个节点的用电需求以及切负荷成本，得到最优的移动氢能微电网调度方案，能够有效地提高偏远地区配电网的韧性。The present invention discloses a method for dispatching a mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system, and proposes a concept and structural model of a mobile hydrogen energy microgrid, that is, through the on-board integration of distributed hydrogen production (such as a small water electrolysis device), hydrogen energy storage (such as a hydrogen storage tank, a solid hydrogen energy adsorption device), a portable hydrogen energy fuel cell and a waste heat recovery device, a mobile distributed energy system with independent energy supply capability is formed; under the framework of coordinated dispatching of vehicles and distribution networks, a mobile hydrogen energy microgrid optimization dispatching model with the goal of minimizing economic losses during power outages is proposed; based on the damaged lines and vehicle routing time information after the disaster, given the routing route, routing time and estimated maintenance time of each fault of the maintenance personnel, the power demand of each node and the load shedding cost are considered, and the optimal mobile hydrogen energy microgrid dispatching scheme is obtained, which can effectively improve the resilience of the distribution network in remote areas.
进一步的，以切负荷成本与移动氢能微电网移动耗能之和最小为目标函数，前者可以最小化由于停电造成的经济损失，后者可以避免移动氢能微电网无谓的移动过程，从而使得恢复过程的总成本最小。Furthermore, the objective function is to minimize the sum of load shedding cost and mobile energy consumption of the mobile hydrogen microgrid. The former can minimize the economic losses caused by power outages, and the latter can avoid the unnecessary movement of the mobile hydrogen microgrid, thereby minimizing the total cost of the recovery process.
进一步的，移动氢能微电网优化调度模型的运行约束的设置可以保证调度过程中电力系统的安全性以及调度方案的可行性。Furthermore, the setting of operating constraints of the mobile hydrogen microgrid optimization scheduling model can ensure the safety of the power system during the scheduling process and the feasibility of the scheduling scheme.
进一步的，移动氢能微电网路由约束，基于车辆路由与微网连接的基本规则，能够保证移动氢能微电网路由方案的可行性；移动氢能微电网电力调度约束可以为移动氢能微电网提供运行边界。Furthermore, the routing constraints of the mobile hydrogen microgrid can ensure the feasibility of the routing scheme of the mobile hydrogen microgrid based on the basic rules of vehicle routing and microgrid connection; the power dispatching constraints of the mobile hydrogen microgrid can provide operating boundaries for the mobile hydrogen microgrid.
进一步的，分支状态约束和配电网重构约束的设置可以保证在重构配电网的拓扑结构后，配电网仍然是辐射状结构，避免出现环网。Furthermore, the setting of branch state constraints and distribution network reconstruction constraints can ensure that after the topology of the distribution network is reconstructed, the distribution network is still a radial structure, avoiding the occurrence of a ring network.
进一步的，节点功率输出约束的设置可以将移动氢能微电网和配电网耦合在一起；功率平衡约束的设置可以保证系统功率是实时平衡的，且在故障恢复过程中，负荷的回复率是单调递增的。Furthermore, the setting of node power output constraints can couple the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid and the distribution network together; the setting of power balance constraints can ensure that the system power is balanced in real time, and that the load recovery rate is monotonically increasing during the fault recovery process.
进一步的，潮流约束的设置可以保证电力系统运行的安全性。Furthermore, the setting of power flow constraints can ensure the safety of power system operation.
进一步的，线性化约束的设置可以将双线性项线性化，从而降低问题的复杂性，加快求解速度。Furthermore, the setting of linearization constraints can linearize the bilinear terms, thereby reducing the complexity of the problem and speeding up the solution.
进一步的，移动氢能微电网集制氢、储氢、发电的功能于一体，可以通过购电或利用分布式新能源发电等方式制氢，这样就大大降低了对氢供应链的依赖；当发生电力故障时，可以通过路网的运输迅速为故障区域提供电能，相比固定式微网，具有更高的灵活性。Furthermore, mobile hydrogen microgrids integrate the functions of hydrogen production, storage and power generation. They can produce hydrogen by purchasing electricity or using distributed renewable energy to generate electricity, which greatly reduces dependence on the hydrogen supply chain. When a power failure occurs, electricity can be quickly provided to the fault area through road network transportation, which has higher flexibility than fixed microgrids.
综上所述，本发明针对基于电-氢互补的移动应急供能技术，提出基于移动氢能微电网系统概念的调度方法，助力应用氢能新技术实现偏远地区配电网的高可靠与高韧性供电。In summary, the present invention is aimed at mobile emergency energy supply technology based on electricity-hydrogen complementarity, and proposes a scheduling method based on the concept of mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system, which helps to apply new hydrogen energy technology to achieve high reliability and high resilience power supply for distribution networks in remote areas.
下面通过附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为移动氢能微电网系统连接示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system;
图2为本发明移动氢能微电网系统的构建与调度方法流程图；FIG2 is a flow chart of a construction and dispatching method of a mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system according to the present invention;
图3为不同条件下负荷恢复率曲线示意图。FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the load recovery rate curve under different conditions.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“包括”和“包含”指示所描述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素和/或组件的存在，但并不排除一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素、组件和/或其集合的存在或添加。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms “include” and “comprises” indicate the presence of described features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and/or collections thereof.
还应当理解，在本发明说明书中所使用的术语仅仅是出于描述特定实施例的目的而并不意在限制本发明。如在本发明说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，除非上下文清楚地指明其它情况，否则单数形式的“一”、“一个”及“该”意在包括复数形式。It should also be understood that the terms used in the present specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the present specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
还应当进一步理解，在本发明说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的术语“和/或”是指相关联列出的项中的一个或多个的任何组合以及所有可能组合，并且包括这些组合，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。It should be further understood that the term "and/or" used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes these combinations. For example, A and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" in this article generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
应当理解，尽管在本发明实施例中可能采用术语第一、第二、第三等来描述预设范围等，但这些预设范围不应限于这些术语。这些术语仅用来将预设范围彼此区分开。例如，在不脱离本发明实施例范围的情况下，第一预设范围也可以被称为第二预设范围，类似地，第二预设范围也可以被称为第一预设范围。It should be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe preset ranges, etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, these preset ranges should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish preset ranges from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention, the first preset range may also be referred to as the second preset range, and similarly, the second preset range may also be referred to as the first preset range.
取决于语境，如在此所使用的词语“如果”可以被解释成为“在……时”或“当……时”或“响应于确定”或“响应于检测”。类似地，取决于语境，短语“如果确定”或“如果检测(陈述的条件或事件)”可以被解释成为“当确定时”或“响应于确定”或“当检测(陈述的条件或事件)时”或“响应于检测(陈述的条件或事件)”。The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting", depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "if it is determined" or "if (stated condition or event) is detected" may be interpreted as "when it is determined" or "in response to determining" or "when detecting (stated condition or event)" or "in response to detecting (stated condition or event)", depending on the context.
在附图中示出了根据本发明公开实施例的各种结构示意图。这些图并非是按比例绘制的，其中为了清楚表达的目的，放大了某些细节，并且可能省略了某些细节。图中所示出的各种区域、层的形状及它们之间的相对大小、位置关系仅是示例性的，实际中可能由于制造公差或技术限制而有所偏差，并且本领域技术人员根据实际所需可以另外设计具有不同形状、大小、相对位置的区域/层。Various structural schematic diagrams of the embodiments disclosed in the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. These figures are not drawn to scale, and some details are magnified and some details may be omitted for the purpose of clear expression. The shapes of various regions and layers shown in the figures and the relative sizes and positional relationships therebetween are only exemplary, and may deviate in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and those skilled in the art may further design regions/layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions according to actual needs.
本发明提供了一种移动氢能微电网系统，通过分布式制氢(例如小型电解水装置)、储氢储能(例如储氢罐)、便携式的氢能燃料电池以及余热回收装置的车载集成，形成具有自主能源供应能力的移动分布式能源系统。电解槽通过电力电子装置与配电网总线连接；电解槽的氢气输出口与储氢罐的输入口连接；储氢罐的输出口与燃料电池的氢气输入口连接；燃料电池的电力输出口与配电网总线连接；燃料电池发电过程中产生的热量通过余热回收装置收集，再通过换热器为区域热网提供热量。The present invention provides a mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system, which forms a mobile distributed energy system with independent energy supply capability through the on-board integration of distributed hydrogen production (such as a small water electrolysis device), hydrogen storage and energy storage (such as a hydrogen storage tank), a portable hydrogen energy fuel cell, and a waste heat recovery device. The electrolyzer is connected to the distribution network bus through a power electronic device; the hydrogen output port of the electrolyzer is connected to the input port of the hydrogen storage tank; the output port of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen input port of the fuel cell; the power output port of the fuel cell is connected to the distribution network bus; the heat generated during the power generation process of the fuel cell is collected by the waste heat recovery device, and then provided to the regional heating network through a heat exchanger.
请参阅图1，移动氢能微电网系统的具体结构特征如下：Please refer to Figure 1. The specific structural features of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system are as follows:
(1)电解槽由槽体、阳极和阴极组成，能够利用水电解反应产生氢气；电解所需要的水通过进水口进入电解槽；电解产生的氢气通过压缩机压缩后注入储氢罐中。(1) The electrolytic cell consists of a cell body, an anode and a cathode, and can generate hydrogen by water electrolysis reaction; the water required for electrolysis enters the electrolytic cell through the water inlet; the hydrogen generated by electrolysis is compressed by a compressor and then injected into the hydrogen storage tank.
(2)储氢罐是存储气态氢的压力容器，采用高压存储的方式存储氢气，包括必要的安全附件及压力检测、显示仪器等，能够在常温下进行快速的氢气充放，供应氢气于燃料电池。(2) A hydrogen storage tank is a pressure vessel for storing gaseous hydrogen. It uses high-pressure storage to store hydrogen and includes necessary safety accessories and pressure detection and display instruments. It can quickly charge and discharge hydrogen at room temperature and supply hydrogen to fuel cells.
(3)氢能燃料电池是由正负电极、电解质隔膜和集电器组成，能够通过电化学反应将氢气的化学能转化为电能；产生的废水通过排水口排出。(3) Hydrogen fuel cells are composed of positive and negative electrodes, electrolyte membranes and current collectors, and can convert the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions; the wastewater generated is discharged through the drain outlet.
(4)余热回收装置由相变储热模块、散热器、循环冷却泵、三通阀、空气泵和加湿器等组成，能够回收燃料电池电化学反应过程中产生的热量。(4) The waste heat recovery device consists of a phase change heat storage module, a radiator, a circulating cooling pump, a three-way valve, an air pump and a humidifier, etc., which can recover the heat generated during the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell.
(5)换热器是将热流体的部分热量传递给冷流体的设备，为移动氢能微电网与外部热网进行热交换的枢纽。(5) The heat exchanger is a device that transfers part of the heat of the hot fluid to the cold fluid, and is the hub for heat exchange between the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid and the external heat network.
移动氢能微电网系统的具体运行特定如下：The specific operation of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system is as follows:
当配电系统处于正常运行状态时，移动氢能微电网停靠在部分装设有电力电子接口的配网节点上，通过购电或利用分布式新能源发电制氢，并加以储存；当配电系统发生故障事件后，移动氢能微电网将离开停靠点，利用小部分氢储量驱动集装车辆的动力系统，而其它部分氢储量将通过车载燃料电池实现紧急供能。本发明中暂不考虑移动氢能微电网的供热能力。When the power distribution system is in normal operation, the mobile hydrogen microgrid will dock at some distribution network nodes equipped with power electronic interfaces, and produce hydrogen by purchasing electricity or using distributed new energy sources, and store it; when a failure occurs in the power distribution system, the mobile hydrogen microgrid will leave the docking point and use a small part of the hydrogen reserves to drive the power system of the container vehicle, while the rest of the hydrogen reserves will be used for emergency energy supply through the on-board fuel cell. The heating capacity of the mobile hydrogen microgrid is not considered in this invention.
请参阅图2，本发明一种移动氢能微电网系统调度方法，在维修人员的调度方案给定的情况下，辅以配电网重构等方法，优化调度移动氢能微电网，从而降低停电的时间和规模，即最小化恢复过程中的经济损失。具体包括以下步骤：Please refer to FIG2 . The present invention provides a method for dispatching a mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system. Given a dispatching plan of maintenance personnel, the method is supplemented by methods such as distribution network reconstruction to optimize the dispatching of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid, thereby reducing the duration and scale of power outages, that is, minimizing the economic losses during the recovery process. Specifically, the following steps are included:
S1、获取灾害发生后损坏的线路和车辆路由时间等信息，按照经验给定维修人员的调度方案；S1. Obtain information such as damaged lines and vehicle routing time after a disaster occurs, and provide a scheduling plan for maintenance personnel based on experience;
具体包括：维修人员的路由路线、路由时间以及每个故障预计需要的维修时间。Specifically include: the routing route of the maintenance personnel, the routing time and the estimated maintenance time required for each fault.
S2、以恢复过程中的经济损失最小为目标，基于给定的维修方案，辅以配电网重构等手段，建立面向偏远地区高可靠供电的移动氢能微电网优化调度模型；S2. With the goal of minimizing economic losses during the restoration process, based on a given maintenance plan and supplemented by means such as distribution network reconstruction, an optimized dispatching model for mobile hydrogen energy microgrids with high-reliability power supply for remote areas is established;
1)目标函数1) Objective function
面向偏远地区高可靠供电的移动氢能微电网优化调度方法的目标是停电恢复过程中的经济损失最小。The goal of the optimal scheduling method for mobile hydrogen microgrids with high-reliability power supply in remote areas is to minimize the economic losses during power outage restoration.
目标函数表示如下：The objective function is expressed as follows:
其中，T表示所有时间段的集合；N表示配电网所有的节点集合；M表示移动氢能微电网的集合；表示节点i的切负荷成本系数；Ctp表示移动氢能微电网的运输成本系数；为节点i在时间段t恢复的负荷；为节点i在时间段t的负荷需求；为0-1变量，表示移动氢能微网m在时间段t是否在移动。目标函数的含义是使恢复过程中的切负荷成本与移动氢能微电网运输成本之和最小。Among them, T represents the set of all time periods; N represents the set of all nodes in the distribution network; M represents the set of mobile hydrogen energy microgrids; represents the load shedding cost coefficient of node i; Ctp represents the transportation cost coefficient of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid; is the load restored by node i in time period t; is the load demand of node i in time period t; is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m is moving in time period t. The objective function is to minimize the sum of the load shedding cost during the recovery process and the transportation cost of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid.
2)运行约束2) Operational constraints
面向偏远地区高可靠供电的移动氢能微电网优化调度需要满足一系列的运行约束条件：The optimal dispatch of mobile hydrogen microgrids for high-reliability power supply in remote areas needs to meet a series of operating constraints:
(1)移动氢能微电网路由约束(1) Routing constraints of mobile hydrogen microgrids
其中，Nm表示移动氢能微电网m可以连接的节点集合；Mi表示节点i能够连接的移动氢能微电网集合；为0-1变量，表示移动氢能微电网m在时间段t是否连接在节点i，如果是，则为1。WhereNm represents the set of nodes that mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m can connect to;Mi represents the set of mobile hydrogen energy microgrids that node i can connect to; is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether the mobile hydrogen microgrid m is connected to node i in time period t. If yes, it is 1.
式(2)允许每个移动氢能微电网在每一个时间段最多连接到某一个应急供能站节点上。Formula (2) allows each mobile hydrogen energy microgrid to be connected to at most one emergency energy supply station node in each time period.
式(3)限制了每个时间段连接到每个应急供能站的移动氢能微电网的数量最多为1。Formula (3) limits the number of mobile hydrogen microgrids connected to each emergency energy supply station to at most 1 in each time period.
式(4)表示在每一个时间段，移动氢能微电网连接到配电网和在路网中运动是相互排斥且完全互补的状态。Formula (4) indicates that in each time period, the mobile hydrogen microgrid connected to the distribution network and moving in the road network are mutually exclusive and completely complementary.
其中，T表示一个调度周期内时间段的数目；trm,ij表示移动氢能微电网m在节点i和j之间的路由时间。Where T represents the number of time periods in a scheduling cycle; trm,ij represents the routing time of the mobile hydrogen microgrid m between nodes i and j.
由于移动氢能微电网路由和其他决策与约束之间的依赖关系，式(5)来确保移动氢能微电网在不同节点之间的运输满足必要的运动时间即可，而路-流平衡等约束在这里被隐含地满足了。Due to the dependency between the routing of the mobile hydrogen microgrid and other decisions and constraints, Equation (5) is used to ensure that the transportation of the mobile hydrogen microgrid between different nodes meets the necessary movement time, and constraints such as route-flow balance are implicitly satisfied here.
举例来解释式(5)：Let's take an example to explain formula (5):
如果移动氢能微电网1在节点1和节点2之间运动需要两个时间段，若即移动氢能微电网1在时间段t时连接在节点1，那么(由于从节点1到节点2的必要运动时间以至它在接下来的两个时间段不能连接到节点2)，反之亦然。If the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid 1 needs two time periods to move between node 1 and node 2, That is, mobile hydrogen energy microgrid 1 is connected to node 1 at time period t, then (It cannot connect to node 2 in the next two time periods due to the necessary travel time from node 1 to node 2), and vice versa.
(2)移动氢能微电网电力调度约束(2) Power dispatch constraints of mobile hydrogen microgrids
移动氢能微电网有两种工作模式，电-氢转换(Power to Hydrogen,P2H)和氢-电转换(Hydrogen to Power，H2P)。Mobile hydrogen microgrids have two operating modes: power to hydrogen (P2H) and hydrogen to power (H2P).
运行约束如下：The operating constraints are as follows:
其中，表示移动氢能微电网m在时间段t制取/消耗氢气的质量速率；移动氢能微电网m在时间段t从电网吸收用于制氢的功率；表示移动氢能微电网m在时间段t发出的功率；表示ηP2H表示电解槽工作时的电-氢转换效率；ηH2P表示燃料电池工作时的氢-电转换效率；η表示氢气的热值；LOHm,t表示移动氢能微电网m在时间段t的氢储量；mtp表示移动氢能微电网运动时的耗氢速率；Δt表示一个时间段；表示移动氢能微电网m的氢储量下限/上限；表示移动氢能微电网m制氢功率的上限；表示移动氢能微电网m发出功率的上限；为0-1变量，表示移动氢能微电网m在时间段t是否在吸收/发出功率，1代表是，0代表否；gqm,t表示移动氢能微电网m在时间段t发出的无功功率；表示移动氢能微电网m能够发出的无功功率的最大值。in, represents the mass rate of hydrogen produced/consumed by the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m in time period t; The mobile hydrogen microgrid m absorbs power for hydrogen production from the grid during time period t; represents the power generated by the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m in time period t; represents ηP2H represents the electricity-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency when the electrolyzer is working; ηH2P represents the hydrogen-to-electricity conversion efficiency when the fuel cell is working; η represents the calorific value of hydrogen; LOHm,t represents the hydrogen storage of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m in time period t; mtp represents the hydrogen consumption rate of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid when it is moving; Δt represents a time period; represents the lower/upper limit of hydrogen storage capacity of mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m; represents the upper limit of hydrogen production power of mobile hydrogen microgrid m; represents the upper limit of the power generated by the mobile hydrogen microgrid m; is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m is absorbing/emitting power in time period t, 1 represents yes, 0 represents no; gqm,t represents the reactive power emitted by the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m in time period t; It represents the maximum value of reactive power that the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid m can generate.
式(8)表示移动氢能微电网的氢储量随时间的变化，它是由制氢、发电和运动行为共同决定的。Formula (8) represents the change of hydrogen storage of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid over time, which is jointly determined by hydrogen production, power generation and movement behavior.
式(9)表明了移动氢能微电网储量的上下限。Equation (9) shows the upper and lower limits of the storage capacity of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid.
式(10)和(11)约束了P2H和H2P两种模式功率的上下限。Equations (10) and (11) constrain the upper and lower limits of the power of the P2H and H2P modes.
式(12)表示移动氢能微电网的P2H模式和H2P模式是互斥的，即如果移动氢能微电网的电解槽与处于工作状态，燃料电池必然处于停机状态，反之亦然。Formula (12) indicates that the P2H mode and H2P mode of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid are mutually exclusive, that is, if the electrolyzer of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid is in working state, the fuel cell must be in shutdown state, and vice versa.
(3)分支状态约束(3) Branch state constraints
其中，L为电力系统的线路集合；λij,t为0-1变量，表示时间段t线路(i,j)是否是闭合的；表示在时间段t断开的(损坏或者未修好)的线路的集合；LRCS表示安装了远程控制开关的线路的集合。Where L is the set of lines in the power system; λij,t is a 0-1 variable, indicating whether the line (i, j) is closed in time period t; represents the set of lines that are disconnected (damaged or not repaired) in time period t;LRCS represents the set of lines with remote control switches installed.
式(14)表示如果在时间段t线路仍然是损坏的，那么线路是断开的。Equation (14) indicates that if the line is still damaged during time period t, then the line is disconnected.
式(15)表示没有远程控制开关的且未损坏的线路保持闭合状态。Equation (15) indicates that the circuit without remote control switch and undamaged remains closed.
(4)配电网重构约束(4) Distribution network reconstruction constraints
其中，表示在时间段t孤岛的数目；fij,t表示在时间段t线路(i,j)上的虚拟潮流；li,t表示在时间段t节点i的虚拟负荷；gi,t表示在时间段t源节点i的虚拟供应；K1是一个足够大的正数。in, represents the number of islands in time period t;fij,t represents the virtual power flow on line (i,j) in time period t; li,t represents the virtual load of node i in time period t; gi,t represents the virtual supply of source node i in time period t; K1 is a sufficiently large positive number.
为了保证配电网的辐射状结构，需要满足两个条件：In order to ensure the radial structure of the distribution network, two conditions need to be met:
1)在每个孤岛中，闭合的线路数目等于孤岛的节点数目减1；1) In each island, the number of closed circuits is equal to the number of nodes in the island minus 1;
2)在每个孤岛中，所有负荷节点都与孤岛中的源节点连通。2) In each island, all load nodes are connected to the source nodes in the island.
式(16)保证第一个条件得到满足。在每个孤岛中，一个节点被选作虚拟源节点，其余节点都是虚拟负荷节点，虚拟源节点和负荷节点分别是虚拟潮流的源节点和目的节点。对于所有虚拟负荷节点，其虚拟负荷均设为1。Formula (16) ensures that the first condition is satisfied. In each island, one node is selected as the virtual source node, and the remaining nodes are virtual load nodes. The virtual source node and load node are the source node and destination node of the virtual power flow, respectively. For all virtual load nodes, their virtual loads are set to 1.
式(17)和(18)满足了第二个条件，它们分别保证了虚拟负荷与虚拟源节点的虚拟流量平衡。式(19)保证在断开的线路中，虚拟潮流为0。令K1＝N-Nsub就已经足够大。Equations (17) and (18) satisfy the second condition, which ensures the virtual load and virtual flow balance of the virtual source node respectively. Equation (19) ensures that the virtual flow is 0 in the disconnected line. Let K1 = NNsub is large enough.
(5)节点输出功率约束(5) Node output power constraints
其中，Nsub表示变电站节点的集合；Pi,t/Qi,t表示节点i在时间段t的有功/无功功率输出；Psub/Qsub表示变电站的有功/无功率容量。Wherein, Nsub represents the set of substation nodes; Pi,t /Qi,t represents the active/reactive power output of node i in time period t; Psub /Qsub represents the active/reactive power capacity of the substation.
式(20)和(21)表明应急供能站节点处有功功率和无功功率分别等于移动氢能微电网在该节点处的有功和无功功率输出之和。Equations (20) and (21) indicate that the active power and reactive power at the node of the emergency energy supply station are equal to the sum of the active and reactive power outputs of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid at the node.
式(22)表示如果不是应急供能站或者变电站节点，那么该节点输出的有功和无功功率均为0。Formula (22) indicates that if it is not an emergency power supply station or a substation node, the active and reactive power output of the node are both 0.
(6)功率平衡约束(6) Power balance constraints
其中，Pij,t/Qij,t为线路(i,j)在时间段t的有功/无功功率潮流；为节点i在时间段t的有功/无功需求；为节点i在时间段t恢复的有功/无功负荷；表示线路(i,j)的复功率上限。Wherein, Pij,t /Qij ,t is the active/reactive power flow of line (i,j) in time period t; is the active/reactive power demand of node i in time period t; is the active/reactive load restored by node i in time period t; represents the complex power upper limit of line (i, j).
式(25)和(26)保证了各节点的有功和无功功率平衡。Equations (25) and (26) ensure the balance of active and reactive power at each node.
约束(27)指明了恢复负荷的上限。Constraint (27) specifies an upper limit on the recovery load.
式(28)的含义是负荷的恢复率不能降低，只能保持不变或者不断增加直到完全恢复。Formula (28) means that the load recovery rate cannot be reduced, but can only remain unchanged or increase continuously until it is fully recovered.
式(29)表明功率因数是固定的。Equation (29) shows that the power factor is fixed.
式(30)指明了线路中复功率的上限，并使得断开的线路中功率为0。Equation (30) specifies the upper limit of the complex power in the line and makes the power in the disconnected line equal to 0.
(7)潮流约束(7) Power flow constraints
其中，vi,t表示在时间段t节点i电压模值的平方；K2表示足够大的正数；Vimin/Vimax表示节点i电压模值的下限/上限；rij/xij表示线路(i,j)的电阻/电抗。Wherein,vi,t represents the square of the voltage modulusatnode i in time period t;K2 represents a sufficiently large positive number;Vimin /Vimax represents the lower limit/upper limit of the voltage modulus at node i; andrij /xij represents the resistance/reactance of line (i,j).
式(31)和(32)表示基于DistFlow模型的潮流方程，其中小得多的二次项被省略了，对于未连接的线路，使用一个足够大的正数来松弛这些约束。Equations (31) and (32) represent the power flow equations based on the DistFlow model, where much smaller quadratic terms are omitted and a sufficiently large positive number is used to relax these constraints for unconnected lines.
式(33)是节点电压安全约束。Equation (33) is the node voltage safety constraint.
(8)线性化约束(8) Linearization constraints
式(20)和(21)中含有双线性项，形式是1个0-1变量乘以1个连续变量，这些非线性项可以通过用一个新的变量来替代两个变量的乘积来线性化。以式(20)为例，线性化方法如下：Equations (20) and (21) contain bilinear terms in the form of a 0-1 variable multiplied by a continuous variable. These nonlinear terms can be linearized by replacing the product of two variables with a new variable. Taking equation (20) as an example, the linearization method is as follows:
其中，代表表示时间段t移动氢能微电网m在节点i吸收用于制氢的功率。移动氢能微电网的路由调度问题原本是一个难以求解的非线性规划问题，经过线性化后，变成了混合整数二阶锥规划(Mixed Integer Second Order Cone Programming，MISOCP)问题。如果约束(30)也被线性化，那么原来的优化问题就成为了混合整数线性规划(Mixed Integer Linear Programming，MILP)问题。MISOCP和MILP问题都可以被许多现成的求解器高效求解，例如Gurobi。in, represent Indicates the power absorbed by mobile hydrogen microgrid m at node i for hydrogen production in time period t. The routing scheduling problem of mobile hydrogen microgrid was originally a nonlinear programming problem that is difficult to solve. After linearization, it becomes a mixed integer second order cone programming (MISOCP) problem. If constraint (30) is also linearized, the original optimization problem becomes a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. Both MISOCP and MILP problems can be efficiently solved by many off-the-shelf solvers, such as Gurobi.
S3、求解步骤S2中的面向偏远地区高可靠供电的移动氢能微电网优化调度模型,得到移动氢能微电网的最优调度方案。S3. Solve the optimization scheduling model of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid for high-reliability power supply in remote areas in step S2 to obtain the optimal scheduling plan for the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid.
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中的描述和所示的本发明实施例的组件可以通过各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can usually be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
以IEEE33节点配电系统为例，有5条线路安装了远程控制开关，分别是8-21，9-15，12-22，18-33和25-29。Taking the IEEE33-node power distribution system as an example, there are 5 lines equipped with remote control switches, namely 8-21, 9-15, 12-22, 18-33 and 25-29.
设置了3个移动氢能微电网和5个应急供能站，分别在节点7，14，21，29和33。移动氢能微电网的技术参数如表1所示。Three mobile hydrogen microgrids and five emergency energy supply stations are set up at nodes 7, 14, 21, 29 and 33. The technical parameters of the mobile hydrogen microgrid are shown in Table 1.
表1移动氢能微电网的技术参数Table 1 Technical parameters of mobile hydrogen energy microgrid
生成0-10的随机数作为各节点的切负荷成本系数，切负荷成本系数越高，说明负荷越重要。假设某偏远地区发生了自然灾害，线路1-2，8-9，9-10，6-17，19-20，24-25，28-29和30-31损坏。设置恢复周期T＝24，Δt＝1小时。维修人员的调度方案是给定的，各损坏线路修复的时间如表2所示。Generate a random number from 0 to 10 as the load shedding cost coefficient of each node. The higher the load shedding cost coefficient, the more important the load. Suppose a natural disaster occurs in a remote area, and lines 1-2, 8-9, 9-10, 6-17, 19-20, 24-25, 28-29, and 30-31 are damaged. Set the recovery period T = 24, Δt = 1 hour. The scheduling plan of the maintenance personnel is given, and the time for repairing each damaged line is shown in Table 2.
表2修复损坏线路的时间Table 2 Time to repair damaged lines
通过求解模型(1)-(35)，得到本实施例的移动氢能微电网的优化调度结果如表3所示。By solving models (1)-(35), the optimization scheduling results of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid of this embodiment are obtained as shown in Table 3.
表3恢复过程中移动氢能微电网在每个时间段的位置Table 3 The location of the mobile hydrogen microgrid in each time period during the recovery process
不同条件下每个时间段的负荷恢复率如图3所示。The load recovery rate in each time period under different conditions is shown in Figure 3.
综上所述，本发明一种移动氢能微电网系统及其调度方法，首次引入了“移动氢能微电网”的概念，即通过分布式制氢(例如小型电解水装置)、储氢储能(例如储氢罐、固态氢能吸附装置)、便携式氢能燃料电池以及余热回收装置的车载集成，形成具有自主能源供应能力的移动分布式能源系统。其次，与传统固定式微网相比，移动氢能微电网具有更高的空间灵活性，可以按照一定的路由顺序遍历受故障影响的节点，为其提供应急供能服务，从而维持网络故障期间的重要用户供能；与一般移动电源相比，移动氢能微电网具有更大的发电容量和能量储备，因此供电能力更强。在配电网正常运行时，移动氢能微电网还可以利用自身能够电-氢转化的优势，参与电力系统的需求响应，促进可再生能源的消纳。最后，移动氢能微电网与维修人员以及配网重构的协同优化，可以有效缩短故障恢复时间。本发明提出的移动氢能微电网可以延缓偏远地区的线路升级，具有经济性；可以提供应急故障电源，提高供电可靠性与韧性。In summary, the present invention, a mobile hydrogen energy microgrid system and its dispatching method, introduces the concept of "mobile hydrogen energy microgrid" for the first time, that is, through the on-board integration of distributed hydrogen production (such as small water electrolysis device), hydrogen storage (such as hydrogen storage tank, solid hydrogen energy adsorption device), portable hydrogen fuel cell and waste heat recovery device, a mobile distributed energy system with autonomous energy supply capability is formed. Secondly, compared with the traditional fixed microgrid, the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid has higher spatial flexibility, can traverse the nodes affected by the fault in a certain routing order, and provide emergency energy supply services for them, thereby maintaining the energy supply of important users during the network failure; compared with the general mobile power supply, the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid has a larger power generation capacity and energy reserve, so the power supply capacity is stronger. When the distribution network is operating normally, the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid can also take advantage of its own ability to convert electricity to hydrogen, participate in the demand response of the power system, and promote the consumption of renewable energy. Finally, the coordinated optimization of the mobile hydrogen energy microgrid with maintenance personnel and distribution network reconstruction can effectively shorten the fault recovery time. The mobile hydrogen energy microgrid proposed in the present invention can delay line upgrades in remote areas and is economical; it can provide emergency fault power supply and improve power supply reliability and resilience.
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment in combination with software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented in one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。The present application is described with reference to the flowchart and/or block diagram of the method, device (system) and computer program product according to the embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that each process and/or box in the flowchart and/or block diagram, and the combination of the process and/or box in the flowchart and/or block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce a device for realizing the function specified in one process or multiple processes in the flowchart and/or one box or multiple boxes in the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device that implements the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, whereby the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more processes in the flowchart and/or one or more boxes in the block diagram.
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。The above contents are only for explaining the technical idea of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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