CN115451058A - Suspension shock absorber of rail locomotive and variable damping method thereof - Google Patents
Suspension shock absorber of rail locomotive and variable damping method thereofDownload PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/50—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
- F16F9/512—Means responsive to load action, i.e. static load on the damper or dynamic fluid pressure changes in the damper, e.g. due to changes in velocity
- F16F9/5123—Means responsive to load action, i.e. static load on the damper or dynamic fluid pressure changes in the damper, e.g. due to changes in velocity responsive to the static or steady-state load on the damper
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
- F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
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- F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
- F15B21/08—Servomotor systems incorporating electrically operated control means
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
- F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
- F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
- F16F9/22—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with one or more cylinders each having a single working space closed by a piston or plunger
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/44—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器其及变阻尼方法，属于轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器技术领域。The invention relates to a rail locomotive vehicle suspension shock absorber and a variable damping method thereof, belonging to the technical field of rail locomotive vehicle suspension shock absorbers.
背景技术Background technique
减振器是为了保证轨道机车车辆在线路上安全、平稳地运行，而采用的一种减振装置。车轮与钢轨之间是钢对钢的接触，车轮表面的不规则和轨道的不平顺都将直接经过车轮传递到悬挂部件上去，引起车辆各个部分的高频与低频振动，如果这种振动不经过减振器来减弱，会降低机电部件的结构强度和使用寿命以及恶化运行品质，这对于运输的安全性、舒适性和经济性都是不利的。Shock absorber is a kind of vibration damping device used to ensure the safe and stable operation of rail rolling stock on the line. There is steel-to-steel contact between the wheel and the rail. The irregularity of the wheel surface and the unevenness of the track will be directly transmitted to the suspension components through the wheel, causing high-frequency and low-frequency vibrations of various parts of the vehicle. If this vibration does not pass through Weakening the shock absorber will reduce the structural strength and service life of the electromechanical components and deteriorate the running quality, which is detrimental to the safety, comfort and economy of transportation.
我国现有的轨道车辆基本都采用被动悬挂减振器，减振器的阻尼系数是固定不变的。被动悬挂减振器最大缺陷是不能随着车辆外部环境与振动冲击的变化而及时调节阻尼系数，实现主动抑制振动冲击的需要，所以其再想提高减振能力已很困难。在车辆实际的运行中，车速与轨道激励是随时发生变化，实际上所需减振器阻尼力并非确定的，要随实际情况而改变。主动悬挂减振器具备实时可调的阻尼特性，能够根据检测到的车速与轨道激励的变化情况，实时对减振器的阻尼特性进行调整。因此，主动悬挂减振器相较被动悬挂减振器可以适应不同的外界干扰输入，提供满足车辆实时运行要求的减振力，极大的提升了列车运行的平稳性与乘坐的舒适性。但是，现有技术中的主动悬挂减振器存在结构复杂、体积大，而且当主动悬挂减振器的电控系统失效时，既不能实现提升减振可靠性和运行稳定性的目的，反而可能使行驶情况恶化。The existing rail vehicles in my country basically adopt passive suspension shock absorbers, and the damping coefficient of the shock absorbers is fixed. The biggest defect of the passive suspension shock absorber is that it cannot adjust the damping coefficient in time with the change of the external environment of the vehicle and the vibration shock, so as to realize the need of actively suppressing the vibration shock, so it is very difficult to improve the vibration reduction ability. In the actual operation of the vehicle, the speed of the vehicle and the excitation of the track change at any time. In fact, the required damping force of the shock absorber is not definite and must be changed with the actual situation. The active suspension shock absorber has real-time adjustable damping characteristics, and can adjust the damping characteristics of the shock absorber in real time according to the detected changes in vehicle speed and track excitation. Therefore, compared with passive suspension dampers, active suspension dampers can adapt to different external disturbance inputs, provide damping force that meets the real-time operation requirements of the vehicle, and greatly improve the stability of train operation and ride comfort. However, the active suspension shock absorber in the prior art has a complex structure and a large volume, and when the electronic control system of the active suspension shock absorber fails, it can neither achieve the purpose of improving the reliability of vibration reduction and operation stability, but may worsen driving conditions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供的轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器其及变阻尼方法，在主动变阻尼油路开启时形成载荷范围内的主动无极变阻尼，在主动变阻尼油路关闭时由被动阻尼油路形成载荷范围内的被动变阻尼，实现主动无极变阻尼和被动变阻尼的自动切换，提高轨道机车车辆的减振可靠性和运行稳定性。The rail locomotive vehicle suspension shock absorber and its variable damping method provided by the present invention form active stepless variable damping within the load range when the active variable damping oil circuit is opened, and form a load by the passive damping oil circuit when the active variable damping oil circuit is closed. The passive variable damping within the range realizes automatic switching between active stepless variable damping and passive variable damping, and improves the vibration reduction reliability and running stability of rail rolling stock.
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器，包括减振器本体，其特征在于：还包括用于控制减振器本体在运动过程中变阻尼的变阻尼控制总成，变阻尼控制总成设置在减振器本体上，包括根据减振器本体的实行运行参数进行主动变阻尼的主动变阻尼油路和在主动变阻尼油路关闭状态下随减振器本体的运动而开启的被动变阻尼油路，主动变阻尼油路与减振器本体联通形成闭环路油，被动变阻尼油路并联在主动变阻尼油路上。The rail vehicle suspension shock absorber includes a shock absorber body, and is characterized in that it also includes a variable damping control assembly for controlling the variable damping of the shock absorber body during movement, and the variable damping control assembly is arranged on the shock absorber On the body, it includes the active variable damping oil circuit that performs active variable damping according to the actual operating parameters of the shock absorber body and the passive variable damping oil circuit that opens with the movement of the shock absorber body when the active variable damping oil circuit is closed. The variable damping oil circuit is connected with the shock absorber body to form a closed-loop oil circuit, and the passive variable damping oil circuit is connected in parallel with the active variable damping oil circuit.
优选的，减振器本体包括压力缸、同轴套设在压力缸外的储油缸、与压力缸和储油缸头端密封配合的导向座、与压力缸和储油缸尾端密封配合的底座、穿过导向座伸入至压力缸中的活塞杆、设置在压力缸中且与活塞杆固定的活塞，活塞将压力缸内腔分为靠底座一侧的压力缸下腔和靠导向座一侧的压力缸上腔，压力缸与储油缸之间形成储油腔，活塞上装有在压力缸下腔油压大于压力缸上腔油压时开启的活塞单向阀，底座上装有在储油腔油压大于压力腔下腔油压时开启的底座单向阀，主动变阻尼油路和被动变阻尼油路均设置在底座上，主动变阻尼油路的进油端与压力缸上腔联通，出油端与储油腔联通。Preferably, the shock absorber body includes a pressure cylinder, an oil storage cylinder coaxially sleeved outside the pressure cylinder, a guide seat that seals with the pressure cylinder and the head end of the oil storage cylinder, a base that seals with the pressure cylinder and the tail end of the oil storage cylinder, The piston rod extending into the pressure cylinder through the guide seat, the piston fixed in the pressure cylinder and fixed to the piston rod, the piston divides the inner cavity of the pressure cylinder into the lower cavity of the pressure cylinder on the side of the base and the side of the guide seat The upper chamber of the pressure cylinder, the oil storage chamber is formed between the pressure cylinder and the oil storage cylinder, the piston is equipped with a check valve that opens when the oil pressure in the lower chamber of the pressure cylinder is greater than the oil pressure in the upper chamber of the pressure cylinder, and the oil storage chamber is installed on the base The base check valve opens when the oil pressure is greater than the oil pressure in the lower chamber of the pressure chamber. Both the active variable damping oil circuit and the passive variable damping oil circuit are arranged on the base. The oil inlet end of the active variable damping oil circuit is connected with the upper chamber of the pressure cylinder. The oil outlet is communicated with the oil storage chamber.
优选的，主动变阻尼油路包括与储油腔联通的出油通道、与压力缸上腔联通的进油通道、与进油通道联通且为二位三通式的电磁换向阀、与出油通道联通的电比例节流阀、联通电磁换向阀和电比例节流阀的过油通道以及与电磁换向阀和电比例节流阀信号连接的控制器，出油通道、进油通道和过油通道分别开设在底座上。Preferably, the active variable damping oil circuit includes an oil outlet channel communicating with the oil storage chamber, an oil inlet channel communicating with the upper chamber of the pressure cylinder, an electromagnetic reversing valve of the two-position three-way type communicating with the oil inlet channel, and an oil outlet channel communicating with the oil storage chamber. The electric proportional throttle valve connected by the oil channel, the oil passage of the electromagnetic reversing valve and the electric proportional throttle valve, and the controller connected with the electromagnetic reversing valve and the electric proportional throttle valve, the oil outlet channel and the oil inlet channel and the oil passage are respectively opened on the base.
优选的，所述的底座上安装压力传感器，压力传感器的感应探头端伸入至进油通道中，底座中装有位移传感器，位移动传感沿中轴线设置穿过底座单向阀和活塞伸入至活塞杆中，压力传感器和位移传感器分别与控制器信号连接。Preferably, a pressure sensor is installed on the base, the sensing probe end of the pressure sensor extends into the oil inlet passage, a displacement sensor is installed in the base, and the displacement sensor is arranged along the central axis through the one-way valve of the base and the piston extension. Inserted into the piston rod, the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor are respectively connected with the controller signal.
优选的，被动变阻尼油路包括两个并联设置的阻尼调节阀，阻尼调节阀的的进油端与电磁换向阀联通，阻尼调节阀的出油端与出油通道联通，阻尼调节阀装在底座上。Preferably, the passive variable damping oil circuit includes two damping regulating valves arranged in parallel, the oil inlet end of the damping regulating valve communicates with the electromagnetic reversing valve, the oil outlet end of the damping regulating valve communicates with the oil outlet channel, and the damping regulating valve is installed on the base.
优选的，所述的进油通道和出油通道通过卸荷通道联通，卸荷通道中安装在减振器本体过载时开启的卸荷阀，卸荷通道开设在底座上。Preferably, the oil inlet passage and the oil outlet passage are connected through an unloading passage, and an unloading valve opened when the shock absorber body is overloaded is installed in the unloading passage, and the unloading passage is opened on the base.
优选的，所述的储油腔中设置沿轴向的导油管，导油管的两端分别与导向座和底座固定，导向座上开有联通压力缸上腔与导油管的过油孔，导油管的一端与过油孔联通，另一端与进油通道联通。Preferably, the oil storage chamber is provided with an oil guide pipe along the axial direction, and the two ends of the oil guide pipe are respectively fixed with the guide seat and the base, and the guide seat is provided with an oil passage hole connecting the upper chamber of the pressure cylinder and the oil guide pipe, and the guide seat One end of the oil pipe communicates with the oil passage, and the other end communicates with the oil inlet channel.
优选的，所述的底座外套装沿轴向设置的防护罩，防护罩头端与储油缸固定，尾端与底座固定，压力传感器、电磁换向阀、电比例节流阀均装在底座上且位于防护罩内，控制器装在防护罩外。Preferably, the base is covered with a protective cover arranged in the axial direction, the head end of the protective cover is fixed to the oil storage cylinder, the tail end is fixed to the base, and the pressure sensor, electromagnetic reversing valve, and electric proportional throttle valve are all mounted on the base And located in the protective cover, the controller is installed outside the protective cover.
以上所述的轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器的变阻尼方法，其特征于：The variable damping method of the above-mentioned railway vehicle suspension shock absorber is characterized in that:
当主动变阻尼油路开启时，通过主动变阻尼油路控制减振器本体的变阻尼特性，形成载荷范围内的主动无极变阻尼；When the active variable damping oil circuit is turned on, the variable damping characteristics of the shock absorber body are controlled through the active variable damping oil circuit to form active stepless variable damping within the load range;
当主动变阻尼油路关闭时，减振动本体的运动带动被动变阻尼油路开启，形成载荷范围内的被动变阻尼，实现主动无极变阻尼与被动变阻尼的自动切换。When the active variable damping oil circuit is closed, the movement of the vibration reduction body drives the passive variable damping oil circuit to open, forming passive variable damping within the load range, and realizing automatic switching between active stepless variable damping and passive variable damping.
优选的，当所述的轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器载荷超限，进油通道中的油压大于卸荷阀的开启压力时，卸荷阀开启导出油液，降低减振器本体的阻尼力。Preferably, when the load of the rail vehicle suspension shock absorber exceeds the limit, and the oil pressure in the oil inlet passage is greater than the opening pressure of the unloading valve, the unloading valve is opened to discharge the oil, reducing the damping force of the shock absorber body .
发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the invention are:
本发明的轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器中变阻尼控制总成包括主动变阻尼油路和被动变阻尼油路，主动变阻尼油路根据减振器本体的实行运行参数进行主动变阻尼，适应减振需求实时对减振器的阻尼特性进行调整，被动变阻尼油路随减振器本体的运动而被动变阻尼，在主动变阻尼油路开启时形成载荷范围内的主动无极变阻尼，在主动变阻尼油路关闭时由被动阻尼油路形成载荷范围内的被动变阻尼，实现主动无极变阻尼和被动变阻尼的自动切换，提高轨道机车车辆的减振可靠性和运行稳定性。The medium-variable damping control assembly of the railway vehicle suspension shock absorber of the present invention includes an active variable damping oil circuit and a passive variable damping oil circuit. The damping characteristics of the shock absorber are adjusted in real time according to the vibration demand. The passive variable damping oil circuit is passively variable damping with the movement of the shock absorber body. When the active variable damping oil circuit is opened, the active stepless variable damping within the load range is formed. When the variable damping oil circuit is closed, the passive damping oil circuit forms passive variable damping within the load range, realizing automatic switching between active stepless variable damping and passive variable damping, and improving the vibration reduction reliability and running stability of rail rolling stock.
主动变阻尼油路包括进油通道、出油通道、过油通道、电磁换向阀和电比例节流阀，进油通道与压力缸上腔联通，出油通道与储油腔联通；在主动变阻尼油路开启时，被动变阻尼油路关闭，活塞杆向外拉伸时活塞单向阀关闭，底座单向阀开启，压力缸上腔的油液从进油通道进入，经主动变阻油路流至储油腔，储油腔中的油液经底座单向阀流至压力缸下腔中，活塞杆向内压缩时活塞单向阀开启，底座单向阀关闭，压力缸下腔的油液经活塞单向阀进入压力缸上腔中，并经变阻尼油路流至储油腔中，压力传感器和位移传感器采集减振器本体的实时运行参数信号并发送到控制器，控制器对接收的信号进行计算得到控制信号并发送给电磁换向阀和电比例节流阀，调节电比例节流阀的开度，以调节阻尼力形成主动变阻尼特性；在主动变阻尼油路关闭时，被动变阻尼油路随活塞杆的运动而被动开启，调节油液流量以调节阻尼力形成被动变阻尼特性。The active variable damping oil circuit includes an oil inlet channel, an oil outlet channel, an oil passage, an electromagnetic reversing valve and an electric proportional throttle valve. When the variable damping oil circuit is opened, the passive variable damping oil circuit is closed. When the piston rod is stretched outward, the piston check valve is closed, and the base check valve is opened. The oil circuit flows to the oil storage chamber, and the oil in the oil storage chamber flows to the lower chamber of the pressure cylinder through the base check valve. When the piston rod is compressed inwardly, the piston check valve opens, the base check valve closes, and the pressure cylinder lower chamber The oil enters the upper chamber of the pressure cylinder through the piston check valve, and flows into the oil storage chamber through the variable damping oil circuit. The pressure sensor and displacement sensor collect the real-time operation parameter signal of the shock absorber body and send it to the controller. The controller calculates the received signal to obtain the control signal and sends it to the electromagnetic reversing valve and the electric proportional throttle valve to adjust the opening of the electric proportional throttle valve to adjust the damping force to form the active variable damping characteristic; in the active variable damping oil circuit When closed, the passive variable damping oil circuit is passively opened with the movement of the piston rod, and the oil flow is adjusted to adjust the damping force to form a passive variable damping characteristic.
进油通道、出油通道、过油通道、卸荷通道均开设在底座上，导油管设置在储油腔中，导向座上开设过油孔联通导油管和压力缸上腔，变阻尼油路总成中的油路均设置在减振器本体内，电磁换向阀、电比例节流阀、压力传感器均装在底座上且位于防护罩内，控制器装在防护罩外，连线简单结构紧凑，轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器的结构简单、空间体积小，适应轻量化紧凑性的需求。The oil inlet passage, oil outlet passage, oil passage and unloading passage are all opened on the base, the oil guide pipe is set in the oil storage chamber, and the oil guide seat is provided with an oil passage to connect the oil guide pipe and the upper chamber of the pressure cylinder, and the damping oil circuit is changed. The oil circuits in the assembly are all set in the shock absorber body, the electromagnetic reversing valve, electric proportional throttle valve, and pressure sensor are all installed on the base and inside the protective cover, and the controller is installed outside the protective cover, so the connection is simple The structure is compact, and the suspension shock absorber of the railway vehicle has a simple structure and a small space volume, which meets the needs of light weight and compactness.
进油通道和出油通道通过卸荷通道联通，卸荷通道中安装在减振器本体过载时开启的卸荷阀，卸荷阀在载荷过限时才会开启，用于限制减振器本体的最大阻尼力，使轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器始终处于安全状态，保证使用安全性，延长使用寿命。The oil inlet passage and the oil outlet passage are connected through the unloading passage, and the unloading valve that opens when the shock absorber body is overloaded is installed in the unloading passage. The unloading valve will only open when the load exceeds the limit. The maximum damping force keeps the suspension shock absorber of rolling stock in a safe state all the time, ensuring the safety of use and prolonging the service life.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为具体实施方式中轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器的示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rail vehicle suspension shock absorber in a specific embodiment.
图2为轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器的结构原理图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rail vehicle suspension shock absorber.
图3为图1的A-A向的剖视图。Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 1 .
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合图1~3本发明的实施例做详细说明。The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with FIGS. 1 to 3 .
轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器，包括减振器本体1，其特征在于：还包括用于控制减振器本体在运动过程中变阻尼的变阻尼控制总成，变阻尼控制总成设置在减振器本体上，包括根据减振器本体的实行运行参数进行主动变阻尼的主动变阻尼油路2和在主动变阻尼油路关闭状态下随减振器本体的运动而开启的被动变阻尼油路3，主动变阻尼油路2与减振器本体1联通形成闭环路油，被动变阻尼油路3并联在主动变阻尼油路2上。The rail vehicle suspension shock absorber includes a shock absorber body 1, and is characterized in that it also includes a variable damping control assembly for controlling the variable damping of the shock absorber body during motion, and the variable damping control assembly is arranged on the vibration damping On the shock absorber body, it includes the active variable damping oil circuit 2 for active variable damping according to the actual operating parameters of the shock absorber body and the passive variable damping oil circuit that is opened with the movement of the shock absorber body when the active variable damping oil circuit is closed. 3. The active variable damping oil circuit 2 is connected with the shock absorber body 1 to form a closed-loop oil circuit, and the passive variable damping oil circuit 3 is connected to the active variable damping oil circuit 2 in parallel.
本发明的轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器中变阻尼控制总成包括主动变阻尼油路2和被动变阻尼油路3，主动变阻尼油路2根据减振器本体1的实行运行参数进行主动变阻尼，适应减振需求实时对减振器的阻尼特性进行调整，被动变阻尼油路3随减振器本体1的运动而被动变阻尼，在主动变阻尼油路2开启时形成载荷范围内的主动无极变阻尼，在主动变阻尼油路2关闭时由被动阻尼油路3形成载荷范围内的被动变阻尼，实现主动无极变阻尼和被动变阻尼的自动切换，提高轨道机车车辆的减振可靠性和运行稳定性。The medium-variable damping control assembly of the railway vehicle suspension shock absorber of the present invention includes an active variable damping oil circuit 2 and a passive variable damping oil circuit 3. The active variable damping oil circuit 2 performs active variable damping according to the actual operating parameters of the shock absorber body 1 Damping, adjust the damping characteristics of the shock absorber in real time to meet the vibration reduction requirements, the passive variable damping oil circuit 3 will passively variable damping with the movement of the shock absorber body 1, and form a load within the load range when the active variable damping oil circuit 2 is opened Active stepless variable damping, when the active variable damping oil circuit 2 is closed, the passive damping oil circuit 3 forms passive variable damping within the load range, realizing automatic switching between active stepless variable damping and passive variable damping, and improving the vibration reduction reliability of rolling stock performance and operational stability.
其中，减振器本体1包括压力缸4、同轴套设在压力缸4外的储油缸5、与压力缸4和储油缸5头端密封配合的导向座6、与压力缸4和储油缸5尾端密封配合的底座7、穿过导向座6伸入至压力缸4中的活塞杆8、设置在压力缸4中且与活塞杆8固定的活塞9，活塞9将压力缸4内腔分为靠底座7一侧的压力缸下腔Ⅰ和靠导向座6一侧的压力缸上腔Ⅱ，压力缸4与储油缸5之间形成储油腔Ⅲ，活塞9上装有在压力缸下腔Ⅰ油压大于压力缸上腔Ⅱ的油压时开启的活塞单向阀10，底座7上装有在储油腔Ⅲ油压大于压力腔下腔Ⅰ油压时开启的底座单向阀11，主动变阻尼油路2和被动变阻尼油路3均设置在底座7上，主动变阻尼油路3的进油端与压力缸上腔Ⅱ联通，出油端与储油腔Ⅲ联通。当活塞杆8向外拉伸时压力缸上腔Ⅱ的油压增大，而压力缸下腔Ⅰ油压会减小，使底座单向阀11打开而活塞单向阀10关闭，压力缸上腔Ⅱ中油液随活塞9的运动而被推入变阻尼油路总成中，在主动变阻尼油路2开启时经主动变阻尼油路2进入至储油腔Ⅲ中，在主动变阻尼油路2关闭时经被动变阻尼油路3进入到储油腔Ⅲ中，储油腔Ⅲ中的油液经底座单向阀11进入至压力缸下腔Ⅰ中，当活塞杆向内压缩时压力缸上腔Ⅱ的油压减小，而压力缸下腔Ⅰ油压会增大，使底座单向阀11关闭而活塞单向阀10开启，压力缸下腔Ⅰ的油液经活塞单向阀10流到压力缸上腔Ⅱ中，压力缸上腔Ⅱ中油液流至变阻尼油路总成中，在主动变阻尼油路2开启时经主动变阻尼油路2进入至储油腔Ⅲ中，在主动变阻尼油路2关闭时被被动变阻尼油路进入到储油腔Ⅲ中。减振器本体1通过主动变阻尼油路2或被动变阻尼油路3的开启而调节阻尼力，形成变阻尼，以满足减振需求。被动变阻尼油路3为常闭状态，只在主动变阻尼油路2关闭的情况下随活塞杆的运动而开启，主动变阻尼油路2在电控信号正常的情况下开启，在电控信号有误或断电的情况下关闭。Among them, the shock absorber body 1 includes a pressure cylinder 4, an oil storage cylinder 5 coaxially sleeved outside the pressure cylinder 4, a guide seat 6 that is sealingly matched with the head end of the pressure cylinder 4 and the oil storage cylinder 5, and a pressure cylinder 4 and the oil storage cylinder. 5. The base 7 with the sealing fit at the tail end, the piston rod 8 extending into the pressure cylinder 4 through the guide seat 6, the piston 9 arranged in the pressure cylinder 4 and fixed with the piston rod 8, the piston 9 connects the pressure cylinder 4 inner cavity It is divided into the pressure cylinder lower chamber I on the side of the base 7 and the pressure cylinder upper chamber II on the side of the guide seat 6. The oil storage chamber III is formed between the pressure cylinder 4 and the oil storage cylinder 5. The piston 9 is equipped with a The piston check valve 10 that opens when the oil pressure in chamber I is greater than the oil pressure in upper chamber II of the pressure cylinder, and the base 7 is equipped with a base check valve 11 that opens when the oil pressure in oil storage chamber III is greater than the oil pressure in lower chamber I of the pressure chamber. Both the active variable damping oil passage 2 and the passive variable damping oil passage 3 are arranged on the base 7, the oil inlet end of the active variable damping oil passage 3 communicates with the pressure cylinder upper chamber II, and the oil outlet connects with the oil storage chamber III. When the piston rod 8 is stretched outward, the oil pressure in the upper chamber II of the pressure cylinder increases, while the oil pressure in the lower chamber I of the pressure cylinder decreases, so that the base check valve 11 is opened and the piston check valve 10 is closed. The oil in chamber II is pushed into the variable damping oil circuit assembly with the movement of piston 9. When the active variable damping oil circuit 2 is opened, it enters into the oil storage chamber III through the active variable damping oil circuit 2. When the circuit 2 is closed, it enters the oil storage chamber III through the passive variable damping oil circuit 3, and the oil in the oil storage chamber III enters the lower chamber I of the pressure cylinder through the base check valve 11. When the piston rod is compressed inward, the pressure The oil pressure in the upper chamber II of the cylinder decreases, while the oil pressure in the lower chamber I of the pressure cylinder increases, so that the base check valve 11 is closed and the piston check valve 10 is opened, and the oil in the lower chamber I of the pressure cylinder passes through the piston check valve. 10 flows into the upper chamber II of the pressure cylinder, and the oil in the upper chamber II of the pressure cylinder flows into the variable damping oil circuit assembly, and enters the oil storage chamber III through the active variable damping oil circuit 2 when the active variable damping oil circuit 2 is opened , when the active variable damping oil circuit 2 is closed, the passive variable damping oil circuit enters into the oil storage chamber III. The shock absorber body 1 adjusts the damping force by opening the active variable damping oil passage 2 or the passive variable damping oil passage 3 to form variable damping to meet the vibration reduction requirements. The passive variable damping oil circuit 3 is in a normally closed state, and only opens with the movement of the piston rod when the active variable damping oil circuit 2 is closed. The active variable damping oil circuit 2 is opened when the electronic control signal is normal. Shutdown in case of false signal or power failure.
其中，主动变阻尼油路2包括与储油腔Ⅲ联通的出油通道21、与压力缸上腔Ⅱ联通的进油通道22、与进油通道22联通且为二位三通式的电磁换向阀23、与出油通道21联通的电比例节流阀24、联通电磁换向阀22和电比例节流阀23的过油通道25以及与电磁换向阀23和电比例节流阀24信号连接的控制器26，出油通道21、进油通道22和过油通道25分别开设在底座7上。从附图中可以看出，进油通道22与压力缸上腔Ⅱ联通，压力上腔Ⅱ的油液流出直接流入至进油通道22中，经主动变阻尼油路2或被动变阻尼油路3后从出油通道21就流至储油腔Ⅲ中。电磁换向阀23为二位三通式，电磁换向阀23在正常得电且控制器26信号正常的情况下，电磁换向阀23为右位e导通，使主动变阻尼油路2开启，被动变阻尼油路3 关闭，电磁换向阀23失电或控制器26信号非正常的情况下，电磁换向阀23会自动换向到左位d导通，使主动变阻油路2关闭，而被动变阻尼油路3会随活塞杆的运动导致的油压增大而开启，通过电磁换向阀23实现了主动变阻尼和被动变阻尼的自动切换。Among them, the active variable damping oil circuit 2 includes an
其中，所述的底座7上安装压力传感器12，压力传感器12的感应探头端伸入至进油通道22中，底座7中装有位移传感器13，位移动传感13沿中轴线设置穿过底座单向阀11和活塞9伸入至活塞杆8中，压力传感器12和位移传感器13分别与控制器26信号连接。在主动变阻尼油路2开启时，被动变阻尼油路3关闭，活塞杆8向外拉伸时活塞单向阀10关闭，底座单向阀11开启，压力缸上腔Ⅱ的油液从进油通道22进入，经主动变阻油路3流至储油腔Ⅲ，储油腔Ⅲ中的油液经底座单向阀11流至压力缸下腔Ⅰ中，活塞杆8向内压缩时活塞单向阀10开启，底座单向阀11关闭，压力缸下腔Ⅰ的油液经活塞单向阀10进入压力缸上腔Ⅱ中，并经变阻尼油路3流至储油腔Ⅲ中，压力传感器12和位移传感器13采集减振器本体1的实时运行参数信号并发送到控制器26，控制器26对接收的信号进行计算得到控制信号并发送给电磁换向阀23和电比例节流阀24，调节电比例节流阀24的开度，以调节阻尼力形成主动变阻尼特性；在主动变阻尼油路2关闭时，被动变阻尼油路3随活塞杆8的运动而被动开启，调节油液流量以调节阻尼力形成被动变阻尼特性。Wherein, the
其中，被动变阻尼油路3包括两个并联设置的阻尼调节阀31，阻尼调节阀31的的进油端与电磁换向阀24联通，阻尼调节阀31的出油端与出油通道21联通，阻尼调节阀31装在底座7上。只有在电磁换向阀24换向至左位d时，阻尼调节阀31才会与电磁换向阀24形成联通，从进油通道22进入的油液经电磁换向阀24左位d流至阻尼调节阀31中，当油液压力大于阻尼调节阀31的开启压力时即打开阻尼调节阀31，导通被动变阻尼油路3，被动变阻尼油路3随活塞杆的运动油压增大而被动开启，形成被动变阻尼，在主动变阻尼油路2关闭的情况下，通过被动变阻尼油路3的开启来实现减振器本体1的变阻尼，以满足减振需求，保证即使在主动变阻尼油路关闭的情况下，减振器也能可靠减振，主动变阻尼和被动变阻尼可自动切换，减振可靠性高。Among them, the passive variable damping oil circuit 3 includes two damping regulating
其中，所述的进油通道22和出油通道21通过卸荷通道27联通，卸荷通道24中安装在减振器本体过载时开启的卸荷阀28，卸荷通道27开设在底座7上。卸荷阀28在载荷过限时才会开启，导出油液降低油压，用于限制减振器本体1的最大阻尼力，防减振器因阻尼力过大而损伤，使轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器始终处于安全状态，保证使用安全性，延长使用寿命。Wherein, the
其中，所述的储油腔Ⅲ中设置沿轴向的导油管14，导油管14的两端分别与导向座6和底座7固定，导向座6上开有联通压力缸上腔Ⅱ与导油管14的过油孔61，导油管14的一端与过油孔61联通，另一端与进油通道22联通。导油管14联通压力缸上腔Ⅱ和进油通道22，实现将压力缸上腔Ⅱ的油液直接导入至进油通道22中，使油液流经主动变阻尼油路2或被动变阻尼油路3。Among them, the oil storage chamber III is provided with an oil guide pipe 14 along the axial direction, and the two ends of the oil guide pipe 14 are respectively fixed with the guide seat 6 and the base 7. 14 through the oil hole 61, one end of the oil guide pipe 14 communicates with the oil hole 61, and the other end communicates with the
其中，所述的底座7外套装沿轴向设置的防护罩15，防护罩15头端与储油缸5固定，尾端与底座7固定，压力传感器12、电磁换向阀23、电比例节流阀24均装在底座7上且位于防护罩15内，控制器26装在防护罩15外。进油通道22、出油通道21、过油通道25、卸荷通道27均开设在底座7上，导油管14设置在储油腔Ⅲ中，导向座6上开设过油孔61联通导油管14和压力缸上腔Ⅱ，变阻尼油路总成中的油路均设置在减振器本体1内，电磁换向阀23、电比例节流阀24、压力传感器12均装在底座7上且位于防护罩15内，控制器26装在防护罩外，连线简单结构紧凑，使轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器的结构简单、空间体积小，适应轻量化紧凑性的需求。Wherein, the base 7 is covered with a protective cover 15 arranged in the axial direction, the head end of the protective cover 15 is fixed to the oil storage cylinder 5, the tail end is fixed to the base 7, the
本发明还保护以上所述的轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器的变阻尼方法，其特征于：The present invention also protects the above-mentioned variable damping method for the rail vehicle suspension shock absorber, which is characterized in that:
当主动变阻尼油路2开启时，通过主动变阻尼油路控制减振器本体的变阻尼特性，形成载荷范围内的主动无极变阻尼；When the active variable damping oil circuit 2 is opened, the variable damping characteristic of the shock absorber body is controlled through the active variable damping oil circuit, forming active stepless variable damping within the load range;
当主动变阻尼油路2关闭时，减振动本体1的运动带动被动变阻尼油路3开启，形成载荷范围内的被动变阻尼，实现主动无极变阻尼与被动变阻尼的自动切换。When the active variable damping oil circuit 2 is closed, the movement of the vibration reduction body 1 drives the passive variable damping oil circuit 3 to open, forming passive variable damping within the load range, and realizing automatic switching between active stepless variable damping and passive variable damping.
以上所述的变阻尼方法，主动变阻尼油路2根据减振器本体1的实行运行参数进行主动变阻尼，适应减振需求实时对减振器的阻尼特性进行调整，被动变阻尼油路随减振器本体的运动而被动变阻尼，在主动变阻尼油路2开启时形成载荷范围内的主动无极变阻尼，在主动变阻尼油路2关闭时由被动阻尼油路3形成载荷范围内的被动变阻尼，实现主动无极变阻尼和被动变阻尼的自动切换，提高轨道机车车辆的减振可靠性和运行稳定性。In the variable damping method described above, the active variable damping oil circuit 2 performs active variable damping according to the actual operating parameters of the shock absorber body 1, and adjusts the damping characteristics of the shock absorber in real time to meet the vibration reduction requirements. The movement of the shock absorber body results in passive variable damping. When the active variable damping oil circuit 2 is turned on, the active stepless variable damping within the load range is formed. When the active variable damping oil circuit 2 is closed, the passive damping oil circuit 3 forms the active variable damping within the load range. Passive variable damping realizes automatic switching between active stepless variable damping and passive variable damping, improving the reliability of vibration reduction and running stability of rolling stock.
其中，当所述的轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器载荷超限，进油通道22中的油压大于卸荷阀28的开启压力时，卸荷阀28开启导出油液，降低减振器本体1的阻尼力。卸荷阀28在载荷过限时才会开启，导出油液降低油压，用于限制减振器本体1的最大阻尼力，防减振器因阻尼力过大而损伤，使轨道机车车辆悬挂减振器始终处于安全状态，保证使用安全性，延长使用寿命。Wherein, when the load of the suspension shock absorber of the railway locomotive vehicle exceeds the limit, and the oil pressure in the
以上结合附图对本发明的实施例的技术方案进行完整描述，需要说明的是所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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