技术领域technical field
本发明涉及法医物证鉴定技术领域，更具体的涉及一种无生母参与的祖孙关系鉴定方法、系统、设备及介质。The invention relates to the technical field of forensic material evidence identification, and more specifically relates to a method, system, equipment and medium for identifying a grandparent-grandson relationship without the participation of a biological mother.
背景技术Background technique
祖孙关系鉴定，Kinship Analysis of Grandparent(s)and Grandchildren，指通过对人类遗传标记，根据遗传规律分析，对有争议的祖父母与被检孩子之间是否存在生物学祖孙关系进行鉴定。依据参照亲缘个体的多少，祖孙关系鉴定至少包括以下几种情形：生母、祖父、祖母同时参与下被检孩子与祖父、祖母间的祖孙关系鉴定；生母、祖父(或祖母)参与情形下被检孩子与祖父(或祖母)间的祖孙关系鉴定；祖父、祖母同时参与情形下被检孩子与祖父、祖母间的祖孙关系鉴定；祖父(或祖母)与被检孩子间的祖孙关系鉴定。本专利涉及的祖孙关系鉴定特指生母未参与、祖父、祖母同时参与鉴定下被检孩子与祖父、祖母间的祖孙关系鉴定，该对争议祖父母，要么双方都与孩子存在祖孙关系，要么都不是孩子的祖父或者祖母。Kinship Analysis of Grandparent(s) and Grandchildren refers to the identification of whether there is a biological grandchildren relationship between the controversial grandparents and the child under inspection through the analysis of human genetic markers and genetic laws. According to the number of reference relative individuals, the identification of grandparent-grandchild relationship includes at least the following situations: the identification of the grandparent-grandchild relationship between the inspected child and the grandfather and grandmother when the biological mother, grandfather, and grandmother participate at the same time; when the biological mother, grandfather (or grandmother) participates Identification of the grandparent relationship between the child under inspection and his grandfather (or grandmother); identification of the relationship between the child under inspection and his grandfather and grandmother when the grandfather and grandmother participate at the same time; identification of the grandparent relationship between the grandfather (or grandmother) and the child under inspection Relationship identification. The grandparent-grandchild relationship identification involved in this patent refers to the identification of the grandparent-grandchild relationship between the child under inspection and the grandfather and grandmother without the participation of the biological mother, but with the participation of the grandfather and grandmother at the same time. Either neither is the child's grandfather or grandmother.
祖孙关系指数Grandparent index，GI，祖孙关系指数为亲权指数的一种，是生物学祖孙关系鉴定中判断遗传证据强度的指标。是指争议祖父母与孙子(女)之间存在祖孙关系时其遗传表型出现的机率与争议祖父母与孙子(女)为无关个体时其遗传表型出现的机率之比值。Grandparent index, GI, is a kind of parentage index, and it is an index for judging the strength of genetic evidence in biological grandparent relationship identification. It refers to the ratio of the probability of the genetic phenotype appearing when the disputed grandparent and grandson (female) have a grandchildren relationship to the probability of the genetic phenotype appearing when the disputed grandparent and grandson (female) are unrelated individuals.
法医物证鉴定过程主要有以下步骤：1.案件受理和样本采集(血液、精斑或毛发)；2.DNA提取(实验室，获得后续检测所需要的DNA模板量)；3.PCR扩增(PCR扩增仪，利用STR试剂盒组合的具体某些STR基因座引物，对DNA模板进行扩增即复制，达到电泳所需要的量)；4.毛细管电泳(遗传分析仪)；5.电泳结果分型(软件)；6.祖孙关系指数计算(本专利所属环节)；7.形成鉴定意见；8.鉴定文书撰写。The forensic evidence identification process mainly includes the following steps: 1. Case acceptance and sample collection (blood, semen spots or hair); 2. DNA extraction (laboratory, to obtain the amount of DNA template required for subsequent testing); 3. PCR amplification ( PCR amplification instrument, using the specific STR locus primers combined by the STR kit, amplifies the DNA template, that is, copies it, and reaches the amount required for electrophoresis); 4. Capillary electrophoresis (genetic analyzer); 5. Electrophoresis results Typing (software); 6. Calculation of grandparent-grandchild relationship index (the part of this patent); 7. Formation of appraisal opinions; 8. Writing of appraisal documents.
目前，法医物证祖孙关系鉴定领域现有的技术规范只有1个：《生物学祖孙关系鉴定规范》(SF/Z JD0105005—2015)，该规范适用于生母参与情形下的祖孙关系鉴定。对于生母未参与情形下的祖孙关系鉴定，尚无国家技术规范。At present, there is only one technical specification in the field of identification of grandparent-grandchild relationship in forensic evidence: "Specifications for Identification of Biological Grandfather-grandson Relationship" (SF/Z JD0105005-2015), which is applicable to the identification of grandparent-grandchild relationship in the case of biological mother participation. There is no national technical specification for the identification of grandparents and grandchildren without the participation of the biological mother.
国内法医物证鉴定领域有关孩子生母、生父均未参与情形下有关被检祖父母+孩子3人的祖孙关系鉴定，主要有陆惠玲等报道的技术交流论文《常染色体STR分型鉴定祖孙关系的亲权指数计算》(见期刊《中国法医学》2007年第22卷第5期第320-322页)。In the field of domestic forensic evidence identification, the identification of the grandparent-grandchild relationship between the child's biological mother and the biological father without the participation of the child's biological mother and biological father mainly includes the technical exchange paper "Autosomal STR Typing Identification of Grandparent-Grandchild Relationship" reported by Lu Huiling and others. Weight Index Calculation" (see pages 320-322 of the journal "Chinese Forensic Science", Volume 22, Issue 5, 2007).
目前，各司法鉴定机构从事法医物证鉴定，对于祖孙关系指数计算的方法主要有陆惠玲等报道的技术交流论文《常染色体STR分型鉴定祖孙关系的亲权指数计算》。各司法鉴定机构从事法医物证鉴定，对于祖孙关系指数计算，一般是手工计算。现有技术存在的问题，主要有：在司法鉴定实践中，一个案例一般至少有15～20个STR基因座，多则40～50个基因座，存在数十个组合，需要计算数十次，如果一个批次有数十个案例，则需要计算数百次。随着案例数的增加，检测STR基因座的增加，计算工作量急剧增加。如果纯粹手工计算，很容易出错，也很耗费精力。At present, various judicial appraisal institutions are engaged in the identification of forensic evidence. The method for calculating the grandparent-grandchild relationship index mainly includes the technical exchange paper "Parentity Index Calculation of Autosomal STR Typing Identification of Grandparent-grandson Relationship" reported by Lu Huiling and others. Various judicial appraisal institutions are engaged in the identification of forensic evidence, and the calculation of the relationship index between grandparents and grandchildren is generally done manually. The problems existing in the existing technology mainly include: in the practice of forensic identification, a case generally has at least 15-20 STR loci, and as many as 40-50 loci, and there are dozens of combinations that need to be calculated dozens of times. If a batch has dozens of cases, it needs to be calculated hundreds of times. As the number of cases increases and the number of STR loci detected increases, the computational workload increases dramatically. If it is calculated purely by hand, it is easy to make mistakes and consumes a lot of energy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明实施例提供一种无生母参与的祖孙关系鉴定方法，包括：An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for identifying a grandparent-grandchild relationship without the participation of a biological mother, including:
获取祖父、祖母的基因型组合RS×TW；Obtain the genotype combination RS×TW of the grandfather and grandmother;
其中，RS、TW分别为祖父母中任意一方以及另外一方的基因型；Among them, RS and TW are the genotypes of either one of the grandparents and the other, respectively;
获取被检测孩子的基因型PQ以及等位基因P、Q分别对应的等位基因频率p和q；Obtain the genotype PQ of the tested child and the allele frequencies p and q corresponding to the alleles P and Q respectively;
在符合孟德尔遗传规律，即不考虑基因突变的条件下：Under the condition of conforming to the law of Mendelian inheritance, that is, regardless of gene mutation:
采用公式(1)计算无生母参与情形下的祖父、祖母与被检测孩子之间的祖孙关系指数GI值：Formula (1) was used to calculate the GI value of the grandparent-grandchild relationship index between the grandfather, grandmother and the tested child without the participation of the biological mother:
GI＝[(a+b+c+d)q+(e+f+g+h)np]/(4spq) (1)GI=[(a+b+c+d)q+(e+f+g+h)np]/(4spq) (1)
根据以下判断条件计算公式(1)各参数的取值：Calculate the value of each parameter of formula (1) according to the following judgment conditions:
如果祖父母的等位基因R与被检测孩子的等位基因P匹配，即R＝P，则a＝1，否则，a＝0；If the allele R of the grandparent matches the allele P of the detected child, that is, R=P, then a=1, otherwise, a=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因S与被检测孩子的等位基因P匹配，即S＝P，则b＝1，否则，b＝0；If the allele S of the grandparent matches the allele P of the detected child, that is, S=P, then b=1, otherwise, b=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因T与被检测孩子的等位基因P匹配，即T＝P，则c＝1，否则，c＝0；If the allele T of the grandparent matches the allele P of the detected child, that is, T=P, then c=1, otherwise, c=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因W与被检测孩子的等位基因P匹配，即W＝P，则d＝1，否则，d＝0；If the allele W of the grandparent matches the allele P of the child to be tested, that is, W=P, then d=1, otherwise, d=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因R与被检测孩子的等位基因Q匹配，即R＝Q，则e＝1，否则，e＝0；If the allele R of the grandparent matches the allele Q of the child to be tested, that is, R=Q, then e=1, otherwise, e=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因S与被检测孩子的等位基因Q匹配，即S＝Q，则f＝1，否则，f＝0；If the allele S of the grandparent matches the allele Q of the child to be tested, that is, S=Q, then f=1, otherwise, f=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因T与被检测孩子的等位基因Q匹配，即T＝Q，则g＝1，否则，g＝0；If the allele T of the grandparent matches the allele Q of the tested child, that is, T=Q, then g=1, otherwise, g=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因W与被检测孩子的等位基因Q匹配，即W＝Q，则h＝1，否则，h＝0；If the allele W of the grandparent matches the allele Q of the child to be tested, that is, W=Q, then h=1, otherwise, h=0;
如果被检测孩子的等位基因P与Q相同，即P＝Q，则s＝1，n＝0，否则，s＝2，n＝1；If the allele P of the detected child is the same as Q, that is, P=Q, then s=1, n=0, otherwise, s=2, n=1;
根据公式(1)计算无生母参与情形下的祖父、祖母与被检测孩子之间的祖孙关系指数GI值，根据祖孙关系指数GI值判断无生母参与情形下的祖父、祖母与被检测孩子之间的祖孙关系。According to the formula (1), calculate the GI value of the grandparent-grandchild relationship index between the grandfather, grandmother and the tested child without the participation of the biological mother, and judge the grandfather, grandmother and the tested child without the participation of the biological mother according to the GI value of the grandparent-grandchild relationship index grandparent relationship.
本发明还提供一种无生母参与的祖孙关系鉴定系统，其特征在于，包括：The present invention also provides a grandparent-grandchild relationship identification system without the participation of the biological mother, which is characterized in that it includes:
基因型获取模块，获取祖父、祖母的基因型组合RS×TW，其中，RS、TW分别为祖父母中任意一方以及另外一方的基因型；获取被检测孩子的基因型PQ以及等位基因P、Q分别对应的等位基因频率p和q；The genotype acquisition module acquires the genotype combination RS×TW of the grandfather and grandmother, wherein RS and TW are the genotypes of either one of the grandparents and the other party respectively; acquires the genotype PQ and alleles P, Q of the detected child The corresponding allele frequencies p and q, respectively;
祖孙关系指数GI计算模块，在符合孟德尔遗传规律，即不考虑基因突变的条件下：The GI calculation module of the grandparent-grandchild relationship index, under the condition of conforming to the Mendelian inheritance law, that is, without considering gene mutations:
采用公式(1)计算无生母参与情形下的祖父、祖母与被检测孩子之间的祖孙关系指数GI值：Formula (1) was used to calculate the GI value of the grandparent-grandchild relationship index between the grandfather, grandmother and the tested child without the participation of the biological mother:
GI＝[(a+b+c+d)q+(e+f+g+h)np]/(4spq) (1)GI=[(a+b+c+d)q+(e+f+g+h)np]/(4spq) (1)
根据以下判断条件计算公式(1)各参数的取值：Calculate the value of each parameter of formula (1) according to the following judgment conditions:
如果祖父母的等位基因R与被检测孩子的等位基因P匹配，即R＝P，则a＝1，否则，a＝0；If the allele R of the grandparent matches the allele P of the detected child, that is, R=P, then a=1, otherwise, a=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因S与被检测孩子的等位基因P匹配，即S＝P，则b＝1，否则，b＝0；If the allele S of the grandparent matches the allele P of the detected child, that is, S=P, then b=1, otherwise, b=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因T与被检测孩子的等位基因P匹配，即T＝P，则c＝1，否则，c＝0；If the allele T of the grandparent matches the allele P of the detected child, that is, T=P, then c=1, otherwise, c=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因W与被检测孩子的等位基因P匹配，即W＝P，则d＝1，否则，d＝0；If the allele W of the grandparent matches the allele P of the child to be tested, that is, W=P, then d=1, otherwise, d=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因R与被检测孩子的等位基因Q匹配，即R＝Q，则e＝1，否则，e＝0；If the allele R of the grandparent matches the allele Q of the child to be tested, that is, R=Q, then e=1, otherwise, e=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因S与被检测孩子的等位基因Q匹配，即S＝Q，则f＝1，否则，f＝0；If the allele S of the grandparent matches the allele Q of the child to be tested, that is, S=Q, then f=1, otherwise, f=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因T与被检测孩子的等位基因Q匹配，即T＝Q，则g＝1，否则，g＝0；If the allele T of the grandparent matches the allele Q of the tested child, that is, T=Q, then g=1, otherwise, g=0;
如果祖父母的等位基因W与被检测孩子的等位基因Q匹配，即W＝Q，则h＝1，否则，h＝0；If the allele W of the grandparent matches the allele Q of the child to be tested, that is, W=Q, then h=1, otherwise, h=0;
如果被检测孩子的等位基因P与Q相同，即P＝Q，则s＝1，n＝0，否则，s＝2，n＝1；If the allele P of the detected child is the same as Q, that is, P=Q, then s=1, n=0, otherwise, s=2, n=1;
祖孙关系判断模块，用于根据公式(1)计算无生母参与情形下的祖父、祖母与被检测孩子之间的祖孙关系指数GI值，根据祖孙关系指数GI值判断无生母参与情形下的祖父、祖母与被检测孩子之间的祖孙关系。The grandparent-grandchild relationship judgment module is used to calculate the GI value of the grandparent-grandchild relationship index between the grandfather, grandmother and the detected child under the situation of no birth mother participation according to the formula (1), and judge the situation of no birth mother participation according to the grandparent-grandchild relationship index GI value. The grandparent-grandchild relationship between the grandfather, grandmother and the tested child.
本发明还提供一种无生母参与的祖孙关系鉴定设备，采用一种无生母参与的祖孙关系鉴定系统，还包括输入设备、输出设备、存储器、处理器和通信部分。The present invention also provides a grandparent-grandson relationship identification device without the participation of the biological mother, which adopts a grandparent-grandson relationship identification system without the participation of the biological mother, and further includes an input device, an output device, a memory, a processor and a communication part.
本发明还提供一种无生母参与的祖孙关系鉴定用存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序，计算机程序为无生母参与的祖孙关系鉴定程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现一种无生母参与的祖孙关系鉴定方法的步骤。The present invention also provides a storage medium for identifying a grandparent-grandchild relationship without the participation of a biological mother, on which a computer program is stored. The computer program is a program for identifying a grandparent-grandchild relationship without the participation of a biological mother. Steps in the method of identifying grandparent-grandchild relationships involved.
本发明实施例提供一种无生母参与的祖孙关系鉴定方法、系统、设备及介质，与现有技术相比，其有益效果如下：The embodiment of the present invention provides a method, system, equipment and medium for identifying a grandparent-grandson relationship without the participation of the biological mother. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects are as follows:
1、该方法将陆惠玲等报道的技术交流论文《常染色体STR分型鉴定祖孙关系的亲权指数计算》(见期刊《中国法医学》2007年第22卷第5期第320-322页)中35类不同基因型组合情形下的祖孙关系GI值计算公式，简化为1个函数模型，大大减少了判断和计算工作量。1. This method is based on the technical exchange paper "Calculation of Parentage Index of Autosomal STR Typing to Identify Grandfather and Grandchildren Relationship" reported by Lu Huiling et al. The formula for calculating the GI value of the grandparent-grandson relationship under 35 different genotype combinations is simplified to a function model, which greatly reduces the workload of judgment and calculation.
2、函数模型简化，有利于计算机编程处理，有利于大批量实验检测数据的自动处理。2. The function model is simplified, which is beneficial to computer programming and processing, and is beneficial to the automatic processing of large batches of experimental detection data.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种无生母参与的祖孙关系鉴定方法流程图。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for identifying a grandparent-grandson relationship without the participation of a biological mother provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
参见图1，本专利是关于函数模型(计算方法)优化的。对于法医物证鉴定过程前面检测环节获得的DNA分型结果，通过相关参数的设置，将陆惠玲等报道的技术交流论文《常染色体STR分型鉴定祖孙关系的亲权指数计算》中无生母参与情形下祖孙关系鉴定的35类不同基因型组合情形下的计算公式(见前述内容)，依据不同情况，简化为1个函数模型，用于祖孙关系指数(Grandparent index，GI值)计算。具体如下：Referring to Fig. 1, this patent is about the optimization of the function model (calculation method). For the DNA typing results obtained in the previous detection process of the forensic evidence identification process, through the setting of relevant parameters, the technical exchange paper "Paternity Index Calculation of Autosomal STR Typing Identification of Grandchildren Relationship" reported by Lu Huiling et al. The calculation formulas for 35 types of different genotype combinations (see above) for the identification of grandparent-grandson relationship are simplified into a function model according to different situations, which is used for the calculation of grandparent index (GI value). details as follows:
关于函数模型各符号的说明：Explanation of each symbol of the function model:
RS×TW，祖父母的基因型组合(RS、TW分别为祖父母中任意一方以及另外一方的基因型)RS×TW, the genotype combination of grandparents (RS, TW are the genotypes of either one of the grandparents and the other)
PQ，被检测孩子的基因型(P、Q对应的等位基因频率为p和q)；PQ, the genotype of the tested child (the allele frequencies corresponding to P and Q are p and q);
基因型(RS、TW、PQ)的表述，组成同一个体在某基因座上的基因型的2个等位基因，其数值(代表STR等位基因重复单位的重复次数)可以相同，也可以不同。当其数值不同的时候，数值小的排列在前面。比如，某个体在某基因座上等位基因组合为8和10，则表述为8/10；当等位基因组合为8和8，则表述为8/8。The expression of genotype (RS, TW, PQ), the two alleles that make up the genotype of the same individual at a certain locus, and their values (representing the number of repetitions of STR allele repeat units) can be the same or different . When the values are different, the one with the smaller value is arranged first. For example, if an individual has an allele combination of 8 and 10 at a locus, it is expressed as 8/10; when the allele combination is 8 and 8, it is expressed as 8/8.
a，祖父母的等位基因R跟被检测孩子的等位基因P的匹配情况，如果等位基因R与等位基因P匹配(即R＝P)，则a＝1，否则a＝0；a, the matching situation of the allele R of the grandparents and the allele P of the detected child, if the allele R matches the allele P (that is, R=P), then a=1, otherwise a=0;
b，祖父母的等位基因S跟被检测孩子的等位基因P的匹配情况，如果等位基因S与等位基因P匹配(即S＝P)，则b＝1，否则b＝0；b, the matching situation between the allele S of the grandparents and the allele P of the detected child, if the allele S matches the allele P (that is, S=P), then b=1, otherwise b=0;
c，祖父母的等位基因T跟被检测孩子的等位基因P的匹配情况，如果等位基因T与等位基因P匹配(即T＝P)，则c＝1，否则c＝0；c, the matching situation between the allele T of the grandparents and the allele P of the detected child, if the allele T matches the allele P (that is, T=P), then c=1, otherwise c=0;
d，祖父母的等位基因W跟被检测孩子的等位基因P的匹配情况，如果等位基因W与等位基因P匹配(即W＝P)，则d＝1，否则d＝0；d, the matching situation between the allele W of the grandparents and the allele P of the detected child, if the allele W matches the allele P (that is, W=P), then d=1, otherwise d=0;
e，祖父母的等位基因R跟被检测孩子的等位基因Q的匹配情况，如果等位基因R与等位基因Q匹配(即R＝Q)，则e＝1，否则e＝0；e, the matching situation of the allele R of the grandparents and the allele Q of the detected child, if the allele R matches the allele Q (that is, R=Q), then e=1, otherwise e=0;
f，祖父母的等位基因S跟被检测孩子的等位基因Q的匹配情况，如果等位基因S与等位基因Q匹配(即S＝Q)，则f＝1，否则f＝0；f, the matching situation of the allele S of the grandparents and the allele Q of the detected child, if the allele S matches the allele Q (ie S=Q), then f=1, otherwise f=0;
g，祖父母的等位基因T跟被检测孩子的等位基因Q的匹配情况，如果等位基因T与等位基因Q匹配(即T＝Q)，则g＝1，否则g＝0；g, the matching situation between the allele T of the grandparents and the allele Q of the detected child, if the allele T matches the allele Q (that is, T=Q), then g=1, otherwise g=0;
h，祖父母的等位基因W跟被检测孩子的等位基因Q的匹配情况，如果等位基因W与等位基因Q匹配(即W＝Q)，则h＝1，否则h＝0；h, the matching situation between the allele W of the grandparents and the allele Q of the detected child, if the allele W matches the allele Q (that is, W=Q), then h=1, otherwise h=0;
s，被检测孩子的基因型PQ，如果孩子的等位基因P与Q相同(即P＝Q)，则s＝1，n＝0，否则，s＝2，n＝1。s, the genotype PQ of the detected child, if the child's allele P is the same as Q (ie P=Q), then s=1, n=0, otherwise, s=2, n=1.
函数模型：Function model:
PI＝[(a+b+c+d)q+(e+f+g+h)np]/(4spq)PI=[(a+b+c+d)q+(e+f+g+h)np]/(4spq)
举例1：假设，在某基因座，祖父母的基因型组合为8/10×8/12，被检测孩子的基因型为8/10。在该基因座，等位基因8的基因频率为0.175，等位基因10的基因频率为0.221，等位基因12的基因频率为0.134。则，a＝1，b＝0，c＝1，d＝0，e＝0，f＝1，g＝0，h＝0，s＝2，n＝1，函数为:Example 1: Suppose, at a certain locus, the genotype combination of the grandparents is 8/10×8/12, and the genotype of the tested child is 8/10. At this locus, the gene frequency for allele 8 is 0.175, the gene frequency for allele 10 is 0.221, and the gene frequency for allele 12 is 0.134. Then, a=1, b=0, c=1, d=0, e=0, f=1, g=0, h=0, s=2, n=1, the function is:
PI＝[(1+0+1+0)*0.221+(0+1+0+0)*1*0.175]/(4*2*0.175*0.221)＝1.9942。PI=[(1+0+1+0)*0.221+(0+1+0+0)*1*0.175]/(4*2*0.175*0.221)=1.9942.
举例2：假设，在某基因座，祖父母的基因型组合为8/10×8/12，被检测孩子的基因型8/8。在该基因座，等位基因8的基因频率为0.175，等位基因10的基因频率为0.221，等位基因12的基因频率为0.134。则，a＝1，b＝0，c＝1，d＝0，e＝1，f＝0，g＝1，h＝0，s＝1，n＝0，函数为:Example 2: Suppose, at a certain locus, the genotype combination of the grandparents is 8/10×8/12, and the genotype of the tested child is 8/8. At this locus, the gene frequency for allele 8 is 0.175, the gene frequency for allele 10 is 0.221, and the gene frequency for allele 12 is 0.134. Then, a=1, b=0, c=1, d=0, e=1, f=0, g=1, h=0, s=1, n=0, the function is:
PI＝[(1+0+1+0)*0.175+(1+0+1+0)*0*0.175]/(4*1*0.175*0.175)＝2.8571。PI=[(1+0+1+0)*0.175+(1+0+1+0)*0*0.175]/(4*1*0.175*0.175)=2.8571.
以上公开的仅为本发明的几个具体实施例，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围，但是，本发明实施例并非局限于此，任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围内。The above disclosures are only a few specific embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto , any changes conceivable by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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