CN115316968A - Systolic pressure measuring device and method based on real-time pulse wave signals - Google Patents
Systolic pressure measuring device and method based on real-time pulse wave signalsDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电子血压计的医疗电子信息技术领域，特别是涉及一种基于实时脉搏波信号的收缩压测量装置与方法。The invention relates to the technical field of medical electronic information of an electronic sphygmomanometer, in particular to a systolic blood pressure measurement device and method based on a real-time pulse wave signal.
背景技术Background technique
世界卫生组织相关调查报告指出，心脑血管疾病位居世界致死病因的首位，随着国内经济水平发展，我国居民的心脑血管患病率居高不下，其中高血压及动脉硬化是常见的病种。血压作为生命体征检测的指标，能够反映心血管功能，因此，实现日常血压监测具有重要意义。动脉血压分为收缩压SP(systolic pressure)和舒张压 DP(diastolicpressure)，SP是指一个心动周期中，左心室射血时动脉血压升高所能达到的最大值；DP是指左心室舒张末期动脉血压下降所达到的最小值。According to the relevant survey reports of the World Health Organization, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases rank first in the cause of death in the world. With the development of the domestic economy, the prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among Chinese residents remains high, among which hypertension and arteriosclerosis are common diseases. kind. As an indicator of vital signs, blood pressure can reflect cardiovascular function. Therefore, it is of great significance to realize daily blood pressure monitoring. Arterial blood pressure is divided into systolic pressure SP (systolic pressure) and diastolic pressure DP (diastolic pressure), SP refers to the maximum value that arterial blood pressure can reach when the left ventricle ejects blood in a cardiac cycle; DP refers to the end-diastolic period of the left ventricle The minimum value at which arterial blood pressure falls.
当前血压测量主要有有创法和无创法两大类。有创类测量法是将压力传感器插入人体动脉中，直接连续检测血管内压力。这种方法获得的是被测血管内的真实压力，准确性高。但由于需要进行专业手术，对血管有破坏性，另外存在创口感染风险，应用并不广泛。无创类测量法分为间歇式测量和连续性测量。There are two main types of blood pressure measurement: invasive and noninvasive. The invasive measurement method is to insert a pressure sensor into the human artery to directly and continuously detect the intravascular pressure. This method obtains the real pressure in the measured blood vessel with high accuracy. However, due to the need for professional surgery, destructive to blood vessels, and the risk of wound infection, it is not widely used. Non-invasive measurement methods are divided into intermittent measurement and continuous measurement.
间歇式测量法分为柯氏音听诊法、示波法，均利用充气袖带在放气过程时测量血压值，可以较好地反映测量结果，是临床及科研参考的常用标准，但一致性上较差，特别是对于听诊法，其缺点在于人为影响因素多，不同操作者受经验、听力等因素影响，测量结果可能存在较大差异。连续性测量法主要是在人体体表相应位置放置传感器，测量由于血管内血压变化引起的体表生理信号变化，经过特定的数学推导模型，基于统计学确定特定参数来计算血管内的压力值。常见的方法有动脉张力法、容积补偿法、脉搏波特征参数测定法和脉搏波速法等。但这类方法在测量准确度、测量设备复杂度、佩戴舒适度等方面存在不足。The intermittent measurement method is divided into the Korotkoff sound auscultation method and the oscillometric method. Both use the inflatable cuff to measure the blood pressure value during the deflation process, which can better reflect the measurement results. It is a common standard for clinical and scientific research reference, but the consistency Especially for the auscultation method, its disadvantage is that there are many human factors, and different operators are affected by factors such as experience and hearing, and there may be large differences in the measurement results. The continuous measurement method is mainly to place sensors at the corresponding positions on the human body surface to measure the physiological signal changes on the body surface caused by blood pressure changes in the blood vessels. After a specific mathematical derivation model, specific parameters are determined based on statistics to calculate the pressure value in the blood vessels. Common methods include arterial tension method, volume compensation method, pulse wave characteristic parameter measurement method and pulse wave velocity method. However, such methods have shortcomings in terms of measurement accuracy, measurement equipment complexity, and wearing comfort.
当前普遍使用的电子血压仪即采用了连续性测量法，通过在人体体表特定位置放置传感器，测量血管内血压变化所带来的体表生理信号变化，分析受试者不同的生理信号来测量收缩压，不同受试者的生理信号受年龄、性别、身高、健康程度等多个因素影响，但各个因素的影响因子尚不可知。对于一些基于脉搏波信号来测量收缩压的血压仪，大多使用桡动脉处的脉搏波信号来计算收缩压，而肱动脉处的脉搏波到桡动脉的脉搏波存在传导时间，脉搏波信号受到受试者生理特征多因素的影响，并且脉搏波信号采集过程易受测量环境的影响，脉搏波信号存在较多的噪点和漂移，导致无法较好表示出不同受试者传导时间的差异。The currently widely used electronic sphygmomanometer adopts the continuous measurement method, by placing sensors at specific positions on the human body surface, measuring the physiological signal changes on the body surface caused by blood pressure changes in blood vessels, and analyzing the different physiological signals of the subjects to measure Systolic blood pressure, the physiological signals of different subjects are affected by multiple factors such as age, gender, height, and health status, but the influencing factors of each factor are still unknown. For some sphygmomanometers that measure systolic blood pressure based on pulse wave signals, most of them use the pulse wave signal at the radial artery to calculate the systolic blood pressure, and there is a transit time from the pulse wave at the brachial artery to the pulse wave at the radial artery, and the pulse wave signal is affected. The physiological characteristics of the subjects are affected by many factors, and the pulse wave signal acquisition process is easily affected by the measurement environment. There are many noises and drifts in the pulse wave signal, which makes it impossible to better represent the differences in the conduction time of different subjects.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提高SP测试结果的准确性和可靠性，减少人为操作误差因素以及基于统计学模型进行血压计算带来无法精准体现个体特征的影响，实现SP的精准和个性化测量。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to improve the accuracy and reliability of SP test results, reduce human error factors and the influence of inability to accurately reflect individual characteristics brought about by the calculation of blood pressure based on statistical models, and realize the accuracy and personalization of SP Measurement.
本发明的基于实时脉搏波信号的收缩压测量装置包括：数据采集处理中心和测量附件，数据采集处理中心主要由主控MCU、高精度AD 采集模块、压力传感器、气泵、线性阀、显示模块组成；测量附件包括：1个袖带、1个脉搏波传感器。The systolic blood pressure measurement device based on real-time pulse wave signal of the present invention includes: data acquisition and processing center and measurement accessories, the data acquisition and processing center is mainly composed of main control MCU, high-precision AD acquisition module, pressure sensor, air pump, linear valve, and display module. ; Measurement accessories include: 1 cuff, 1 pulse wave sensor.
袖带用于对人体血管施加压力，脉搏传感器用于采集人体脉搏信号，压力传感器用于将袖带内的实时压力转换成电信号，气泵用于为袖带中的气囊充气，线性阀用于为袖带线性放气，高精度AD采集模块用于采集压力传感器和脉搏波传感器的电信号，主控MCU用于控制和检测各硬件组件工作状态，包括控制气泵充气、控制线性阀放气、从高精度AD采集模块实时读数字量，同时还负责对硬件系统采集的数据进行实时处理，根据数据的特征得到最终的SP，同时动态决定测试进程，完成测试过程。The cuff is used to apply pressure to the blood vessels of the human body, the pulse sensor is used to collect the pulse signal of the human body, the pressure sensor is used to convert the real-time pressure in the cuff into an electrical signal, the air pump is used to inflate the air bag in the cuff, and the linear valve is used to For the linear deflation of the cuff, the high-precision AD acquisition module is used to collect the electrical signals of the pressure sensor and the pulse wave sensor, and the main control MCU is used to control and detect the working status of each hardware component, including controlling the inflation of the air pump, controlling the deflation of the linear valve, Read the digital quantity from the high-precision AD acquisition module in real time, and is also responsible for real-time processing of the data collected by the hardware system, obtain the final SP according to the characteristics of the data, and dynamically determine the test process to complete the test process.
采用本发明的测量装置进行收缩压测量的方法是：The method that adopts measuring device of the present invention to carry out systolic blood pressure measurement is:
(1)系统初始化：系统加电后，调用初始化程序完成对系统硬件的常规检测和正常工作状态设置，与上位机完成握手后转入主程序，等待命令；(1) System initialization: After the system is powered on, the initialization program is called to complete the routine detection of the system hardware and the normal working state setting, and after completing the handshake with the host computer, it transfers to the main program and waits for commands;
(2)信息录入：录入受试者的性别、年龄、身高、体重信息；(2) Information entry: enter the subject's gender, age, height, and weight information;
受试者处于静坐状态、平卧等血压测量规范体位和状态，在整个测试过程中要保持体态平稳、呼吸均匀，避免刺激造成心跳不平稳；The subject is in a sitting state, supine and other standard positions and states for blood pressure measurement. During the entire test process, the subject should maintain a stable posture and even breathing, and avoid stimulation that causes the heartbeat to be unstable;
(3)固定袖带和脉搏波传感器：将袖带平整缚于受试者上臂肱动脉处，将脉搏波传感器固定于受试者桡动脉处；(3) Fix the cuff and pulse wave sensor: tie the cuff flatly on the brachial artery of the subject's upper arm, and fix the pulse wave sensor on the radial artery of the subject;
(4)脉搏波特征信号的采集：(4) Acquisition of pulse wave characteristic signal:
(4-1)系统开始测量后，令气泵给袖带不断充气加压，袖带中的气囊逐渐膨胀将受试者血管逐渐压瘪，当血管被完全夹闭，血液不再由上臂动脉流至桡动脉，此时脉搏波特征信号消失，如图3所示，此时气泵停止给袖带充气。(4-1) After the system starts to measure, let the air pump continuously inflate and pressurize the cuff, and the air bag in the cuff gradually expands and gradually compresses the subject's blood vessels. When the blood vessels are completely clamped, the blood no longer flows from the upper arm artery. To the radial artery, the pulse wave characteristic signal disappears at this time, as shown in Figure 3, at this time the air pump stops inflating the cuff.
(4-2)缓慢给气囊放气，随着袖带内气压逐步降低，少量血液的流动将产生可以检测到的脉搏波信号，从而形成首个可检测到的脉搏波特征信号，如图4所示，采集并记录该首个脉搏波特征信号。(4-2) Slowly deflate the airbag. As the air pressure in the cuff gradually decreases, the flow of a small amount of blood will generate a detectable pulse wave signal, thus forming the first detectable pulse wave characteristic signal, as shown in Figure 4 As shown, the first pulse wave characteristic signal is collected and recorded.
(5)脉搏波特征信号的处理：(5) Processing of pulse wave characteristic signal:
采集脉搏波信号并作平滑处理，得到稳定的脉搏波信号。The pulse wave signal is collected and smoothed to obtain a stable pulse wave signal.
(5-1)从第一个采样点开始，使用移动平均法，计算每个采样点连同左右两个采样点三者的平均数，作为该点平滑后的值；同时，检测采样点是否为突变点，即计算相邻两个采样点值的差值是否大于给定阈值，若大于设定阈值，则该采样点为突变点；利用三次多项式对已有采样点来进行拟合插值。图5为一个心跳周期内脉搏波信号示意图。(5-1) Starting from the first sampling point, use the moving average method to calculate the average of each sampling point and the left and right sampling points as the smoothed value of the point; at the same time, check whether the sampling point is The sudden change point is to calculate whether the difference between the values of two adjacent sampling points is greater than a given threshold. If it is greater than the set threshold, the sampling point is a sudden change point; the cubic polynomial is used to fit and interpolate the existing sampling points. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pulse wave signal in a heartbeat cycle.
由于血液从肱动脉到桡动脉存在传播时差，为准确表示肱动脉处的SP，故通过计算从肱动脉到桡动脉的脉搏波传导时间，利用采样频率计算该段时间对应的采样点数N，将首个可检测的脉搏波特征信号向前移动N个采样点，将此时对应的气囊内压力值作为SP。Since there is a time difference in blood propagation from the brachial artery to the radial artery, in order to accurately represent the SP at the brachial artery, the pulse wave transit time from the brachial artery to the radial artery is calculated, and the number of sampling points N corresponding to this period of time is calculated using the sampling frequency. The first detectable pulse wave characteristic signal is moved forward by N sampling points, and the corresponding pressure value in the airbag at this time is taken as SP.
其中，从肱动脉到桡动脉的脉搏波传导时间PWTT计算公式为：Among them, the calculation formula of the pulse wave transit time PWTT from the brachial artery to the radial artery is:
其中，C为脉搏波传播速度，S为脉搏波传播距离。Among them, C is the pulse wave propagation speed, S is the pulse wave propagation distance.
脉搏波传播速度C的计算公式为：The formula for calculating the pulse wave propagation velocity C is:
其中，h为血管壁厚度，D为血管内径，E为血管的杨氏弹性模量，ρ为血液密度，K为莫恩斯常量，对于人的主动脉K值为0.8。Among them, h is the thickness of the blood vessel wall, D is the inner diameter of the blood vessel, E is the Young's elastic modulus of the blood vessel, ρ is the blood density, K is the Moens constant, and the K value for the human aorta is 0.8.
(6)计算心跳周期：求脉搏波信号的一阶微分，如图6所示，通过自适应阈值法来识别波峰，此波峰值为一个心跳周期的起点，计算两个波峰间的采样个数，即为心跳周期。(6) Calculating the heartbeat cycle: Find the first-order differential of the pulse wave signal, as shown in Figure 6, identify the peak through the adaptive threshold method, which is the starting point of a heartbeat cycle, and calculate the number of samples between the two peaks , which is the heartbeat cycle.
(7)在袖带逐渐降压的过程中，寻找脉搏波信号恢复后的首个可检测点，具体如下：求其一阶微分，如图6所示，逐个判断每个采样点的前一个采样点的微分值是否小于0，且后一个采样点的微分值是否大于0，若满足此条件，则判断之后连续8个采样点的信号值是否呈上升趋势，若满足此条件，则在(6)中求得的心跳周期内，重复上述判断，看是否存在另一个满足上述条件的采样点，若存在，则该点为所找的首个脉搏波信号的可检测点，记作P，如图4示。(7) In the process of gradually lowering the blood pressure of the cuff, look for the first detectable point after the pulse wave signal is restored, as follows: Find its first-order differential, as shown in Figure 6, and judge the previous point of each sampling point one by one. Whether the differential value of the sampling point is less than 0, and whether the differential value of the next sampling point is greater than 0, if this condition is met, then judge whether the signal value of the next 8 consecutive sampling points is on the rise, if this condition is met, then in ( 6) In the heartbeat period obtained in the above, repeat the above judgment to see if there is another sampling point satisfying the above conditions, if there is, then this point is the detectable point of the first pulse wave signal that is found, denoted as P, As shown in Figure 4.
(8)根据《中国成年人人体尺寸》表，利用受试者年龄和身高，查找对应的上臂长和前壁长并求和，其值为脉搏波传播距离S；利用脉搏波传播速度计算公式，求出脉搏波传播速度C，带入脉搏波传导时间计算公式，求出从肱动脉到桡动脉存在传播时差T，利用采样频率(256HZ)，计算T所对应的采样点数N，找到首个脉搏波信号的可检测点P的第前N个脉搏波信号采样点，记作RealP，如图7所示。(8) According to the "Human Size of Chinese Adults" table, use the subject's age and height to find the corresponding upper arm length and front wall length and sum them up. The value is the pulse wave propagation distance S; use the pulse wave propagation velocity calculation formula , find the pulse wave propagation velocity C, bring it into the pulse wave transit time calculation formula, find the propagation time difference T from the brachial artery to the radial artery, use the sampling frequency (256HZ), calculate the number of sampling points N corresponding to T, and find the first The first N pulse wave signal sampling points of the detectable point P of the pulse wave signal are denoted as RealP, as shown in FIG. 7 .
(9)在压力波形上，找到RealP所对应的压力值，即为SP，如图8所示。(9) On the pressure waveform, find the pressure value corresponding to RealP, which is SP, as shown in Figure 8.
为验证本测量方法的有效性，选取人口统计信息(年龄、身高、体重、上臂围、性别等)具有多样性的受试者若干名，在相同测量环境下，按照规范的血压测量方法，分别使用双耳听诊器和本发明中提出的方法测量受试者的收缩压。In order to verify the effectiveness of this measurement method, several subjects with diverse demographic information (age, height, weight, upper arm circumference, gender, etc.) were selected, and in the same measurement environment, according to the standard blood pressure measurement method, respectively The systolic blood pressure of the subjects was measured using a binaural stethoscope and the method proposed in the present invention.
根据相关临床指南，收缩压受年龄因素影响较为显著，故将受试者按年龄分组，并比较各年龄组下本发明所提出方法测量值与双耳听诊器测量值差值的标准差。According to relevant clinical guidelines, systolic blood pressure is more significantly affected by age factors, so the subjects are grouped by age, and the standard deviation of the difference between the measured value of the method proposed by the present invention and the measured value of binaural stethoscope is compared under each age group.
20-29岁受试者的基本信息参见图9所示，受试者分别为10位男性和10位女性，测量结果如图10所示，结合图9和图10，在20-29 岁受试者中采用本发明所述测量方法与双耳听诊器差值的标准差值为3.54。30-39岁受试者的基本信息参见图11所示，受试者分别为10位男性和10位女性，测量结果如图12所示，结合图11和图12，在30-39岁受试者中采用本发明所述测量方法与双耳听诊器差值的标准差值为1.42。40-49岁受试者的基本信息参见图13所示，受试者分别为10位男性和10位女性，测量结果如图14所示，结合图13 和图14，在40-49岁受试者中采用本发明所述测量方法与双耳听诊器差值的标准差值为3.26。50-59岁受试者的基本信息参见图15所示，受试者分别为10位男性和10位女性，测量结果如图16所示，结合图15和图16，在50-59岁受试者中采用本发明所述测量方法与双耳听诊器差值的标准差值为2.59。60-69岁受试者的基本信息参见图17所示，受试者分别为10位男性和10位女性，测量结果如图18 所示，结合图17和图18，在60-69岁受试者中采用本发明所述测量方法与双耳听诊器差值的标准差值为2.71。The basic information of subjects aged 20-29 is shown in Figure 9. The subjects were 10 males and 10 females. The measurement results are shown in Figure 10. Among the test subjects, the standard deviation between the measurement method of the present invention and the difference between the binaural stethoscope is 3.54. The basic information of the subjects aged 30-39 is shown in Figure 11, and the subjects are 10 males and 10 Female, the measurement results are shown in Figure 12, combined with Figure 11 and Figure 12, the standard deviation of the difference between the measurement method of the present invention and the binaural stethoscope is 1.42 in subjects aged 30-39. 40-49 years old The basic information of the subjects is shown in Figure 13. The subjects were 10 males and 10 females respectively. The measurement results are shown in Figure 14. Combining Figure 13 and Figure 14, the subjects aged 40-49 were used The standard deviation of the difference between the measurement method of the present invention and the binaural stethoscope is 3.26. The basic information of the subjects aged 50-59 is shown in Figure 15. The subjects are 10 males and 10 females respectively. The measurement results As shown in Figure 16, in conjunction with Figure 15 and Figure 16, adopt the measurement method of the present invention and the standard deviation of binaural stethoscope difference value in 50-59 year-old tester is 2.59. 60-69 year old tester's The basic information is shown in Figure 17, the subjects were 10 males and 10 females, the measurement results are shown in Figure 18, in combination with Figure 17 and Figure 18, the method described in the present invention was used in subjects aged 60-69 The standard deviation of the difference between the measurement method and the binaural stethoscope was 2.71.
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果是：The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with prior art is:
(1)本发明的装置与相应方法能够实现个性化测量，受试者测量过程中佩戴袖带与脉搏波传感器，SP值的确定仅与个体脉搏波波形变化、袖带压力变化及测量时间相关，不参考通用统计学模型参数，能够充分体现受试者生理电信号特征对SP的影响。(1) The device of the present invention and the corresponding method can realize individualized measurement. The subject wears a cuff and a pulse wave sensor during the measurement process. The determination of the SP value is only related to the individual pulse wave waveform change, cuff pressure change and measurement time. , does not refer to the parameters of the general statistical model, and can fully reflect the influence of the subject's physiological electrical signal characteristics on the SP.
(2)本发明的装置与相应方法能够实现实时测量，测量过程中实时连续采集袖带内压力变化和对应脉搏波特征信号的变化，同步计算受试个体的SP。(2) The device and corresponding method of the present invention can realize real-time measurement. During the measurement process, the pressure change in the cuff and the change of the corresponding pulse wave characteristic signal are continuously collected in real time, and the SP of the individual under test is calculated synchronously.
(3)本发明的装置与相应方法提高了测量精度，通过信号处理采集稳定的脉搏波信号，并通过多重条件筛选来确定首个可检测到的脉搏波信号，确保其准确性；在确定SP值时，同时考虑了从肱动脉到桡动脉的脉搏波传导时间，并对SP测量方法进行修正，准确反应肱动脉处的SP值；与国际无创血压测量的“金标准”柯氏音法相比，能够精准确定血流重新冲开血管后发出与脉搏同步的冲击音时间，避免了由测量人员听力、反应能力、熟练度、技术水平不同所带来的误差。具体地，本发明利用受试者年龄和身高，查找相应的臂长来作为脉搏波传播距离，同时计算出脉搏波传播速度，求出从肱动脉到桡动脉的脉搏波传导时间，从首个可检测的脉搏波特征信号向前回溯该部分对应的采样点，修正了利用桡动脉脉搏波测量收缩压的计算误差，强化了受试个体间的生理特征差异性。(3) device of the present invention and corresponding method have improved measuring precision, gather stable pulse wave signal by signal processing, and determine first detectable pulse wave signal by multiple condition screening, guarantee its accuracy; At the same time, the pulse wave transit time from the brachial artery to the radial artery is considered, and the SP measurement method is corrected to accurately reflect the SP value at the brachial artery; compared with the "gold standard" Korotkoff sound method for international non-invasive blood pressure measurement , can accurately determine the time of the shock sound synchronized with the pulse after the blood flow re-opens the blood vessel, and avoids the error caused by the difference in hearing, reaction ability, proficiency, and technical level of the measurement personnel. Specifically, the present invention uses the subject's age and height to find the corresponding arm length as the pulse wave propagation distance, and at the same time calculates the pulse wave propagation velocity, and obtains the pulse wave transit time from the brachial artery to the radial artery. From the first The detectable pulse wave characteristic signal traces back to the corresponding sampling point of this part, corrects the calculation error of measuring the systolic blood pressure by using the radial artery pulse wave, and strengthens the difference in physiological characteristics among the tested individuals.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明所使用的数据采集处理中心结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the data collection and processing center used in the present invention.
图2为桡动脉脉搏波信号示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of radial artery pulse wave signal.
图3为桡动脉脉搏波信号消失示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of radial artery pulse wave signal disappearance.
图4为首个可检测到的脉搏波特征信号。Figure 4 is the first detectable pulse wave characteristic signal.
图5为一个心跳周期内的脉搏波信号示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pulse wave signal within a heartbeat cycle.
图6为脉搏波信号的一阶微分示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the first order differential of the pulse wave signal.
图7为首个脉搏波信号的可检测点P的第前N个脉搏波信号采样点RealP的示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the first N pulse wave signal sampling points RealP of the first detectable point P of the pulse wave signal.
图8为压力波形上RealP所对应的压力值。Figure 8 shows the pressure value corresponding to RealP on the pressure waveform.
图9为20-29岁受试者的基本信息。Figure 9 shows the basic information of subjects aged 20-29.
图10为20-29岁受试者测量结果。Figure 10 shows the measurement results of subjects aged 20-29.
图11为30-39岁受试者的基本信息。Figure 11 shows the basic information of subjects aged 30-39.
图12为30-39岁受试者测量结果。Figure 12 shows the measurement results of subjects aged 30-39.
图13为40-49岁受试者的基本信息。Figure 13 shows the basic information of subjects aged 40-49.
图14为40-49岁受试者测量结果。Figure 14 shows the measurement results of subjects aged 40-49.
图15为50-59岁受试者的基本信息。Figure 15 shows the basic information of subjects aged 50-59.
图16为50-59岁受试者测量结果。Figure 16 shows the measurement results of subjects aged 50-59.
图17为60-29岁受试者的基本信息。Figure 17 shows the basic information of subjects aged 60-29.
图18为60-29岁受试者测量结果。Figure 18 shows the measurement results of subjects aged 60-29.
其中：in:
a点表示脉搏波信号消失点；Point a represents the disappearance point of the pulse wave signal;
b点表示首个可检测到的搏波特征信号点；Point b represents the first detectable pulse wave characteristic signal point;
c点表示考虑脉搏传递时间后向前修正N个采样点；Point c indicates that N sampling points are corrected forward after considering the pulse transmission time;
d点表示考虑脉搏传递时间后修正位置；Point d represents the corrected position after considering the pulse transit time;
e点表示考虑脉搏传递时间后压力曲线对应位置；Point e represents the corresponding position of the pressure curve considering the pulse transit time;
f点表示可检测的首个脉搏波信号；Point f represents the first detectable pulse wave signal;
g表示考虑脉搏传递时间后的位置；g represents the position after considering the pulse transit time;
h表示压力曲线上应位置；h represents the position on the pressure curve;
k表示检测应的压力值。k represents the pressure value of the detection response.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
本发明的基于实时脉搏波信号的收缩压测量装置包括：数据采集处理中心和测量附件，数据采集处理中心主要由主控MCU、高精度AD 采集模块、压力传感器、气泵、线性阀、显示模块组成；测量附件包括：1个袖带、1个脉搏波传感器。The systolic blood pressure measurement device based on real-time pulse wave signal of the present invention includes: data acquisition and processing center and measurement accessories, the data acquisition and processing center is mainly composed of main control MCU, high-precision AD acquisition module, pressure sensor, air pump, linear valve, and display module. ; Measurement accessories include: 1 cuff, 1 pulse wave sensor.
袖带用于对人体血管施加压力，脉搏传感器用于采集人体脉搏信号，压力传感器用于将袖带内的实时压力转换成电信号，气泵用于为袖带中的气囊充气，线性阀用于为袖带线性放气，高精度AD采集模块用于采集压力传感器和脉搏波传感器的电信号，主控MCU用于控制和检测各硬件组件工作状态，包括控制气泵充气、控制线性阀放气、从高精度AD采集模块实时读数字量，同时还负责对硬件系统采集的数据进行实时处理，根据数据的特征得到最终的SP，同时动态决定测试进程，完成测试过程。The cuff is used to apply pressure to the blood vessels of the human body, the pulse sensor is used to collect the pulse signal of the human body, the pressure sensor is used to convert the real-time pressure in the cuff into an electrical signal, the air pump is used to inflate the air bag in the cuff, and the linear valve is used to For the linear deflation of the cuff, the high-precision AD acquisition module is used to collect the electrical signals of the pressure sensor and the pulse wave sensor, and the main control MCU is used to control and detect the working status of each hardware component, including controlling the inflation of the air pump, controlling the deflation of the linear valve, Read the digital quantity from the high-precision AD acquisition module in real time, and is also responsible for real-time processing of the data collected by the hardware system, obtain the final SP according to the characteristics of the data, and dynamically determine the test process to complete the test process.
采用本发明的测量装置进行收缩压测量的方法是：The method that adopts measuring device of the present invention to carry out systolic blood pressure measurement is:
(1)系统初始化：系统加电后，调用初始化程序完成对系统硬件的常规检测和正常工作状态设置，与上位机完成握手后转入主程序，等待命令；(1) System initialization: After the system is powered on, the initialization program is called to complete the routine detection of the system hardware and the normal working state setting, and after completing the handshake with the host computer, it transfers to the main program and waits for commands;
(2)信息录入：录入受试者的性别、年龄、身高、体重信息；(2) Information entry: enter the subject's gender, age, height, and weight information;
受试者处于静坐状态、平卧等血压测量规范体位和状态，在整个测试过程中，被测者要保持体态平稳，呼吸均匀，避免刺激造成心跳不平稳；The subject is in a sitting state, supine and other standard positions and states for blood pressure measurement. During the whole test process, the subject should maintain a stable posture and even breathing, and avoid stimulation that may cause an unstable heartbeat;
(3)固定袖带和脉搏波传感器：将袖带平整缚于受试者上臂肱动脉处，将脉搏波传感器固定于受试者桡动脉处；(3) Fix the cuff and pulse wave sensor: tie the cuff flatly on the brachial artery of the subject's upper arm, and fix the pulse wave sensor on the radial artery of the subject;
(4)脉搏波特征信号的采集：(4) Acquisition of pulse wave characteristic signal:
(4-1)系统开始测量后，令气泵给袖带不断充气加压，袖带中的气囊逐渐膨胀将受试者血管逐渐压瘪，当血管被完全夹闭，血液不再由上臂动脉流至桡动脉，此时脉搏波特征信号消失，如图3所示，此时气泵停止给袖带充气。(4-1) After the system starts to measure, let the air pump continuously inflate and pressurize the cuff, and the air bag in the cuff gradually expands and gradually compresses the subject's blood vessels. When the blood vessels are completely clamped, the blood no longer flows from the upper arm artery. To the radial artery, the pulse wave characteristic signal disappears at this time, as shown in Figure 3, at this time the air pump stops inflating the cuff.
(4-2)缓慢给气囊放气，随着袖带内气压逐步降低，少量血液的流动将产生可以检测到的脉搏波信号，从而形成首个可检测到的脉搏波特征信号，如图4所示，采集并记录该首个脉搏波特征信号。(4-2) Slowly deflate the airbag. As the air pressure in the cuff gradually decreases, the flow of a small amount of blood will generate a detectable pulse wave signal, thus forming the first detectable pulse wave characteristic signal, as shown in Figure 4 As shown, the first pulse wave characteristic signal is collected and recorded.
(5)脉搏波特征信号的处理：(5) Processing of pulse wave characteristic signal:
采集脉搏波信号并作平滑处理，得到稳定的脉搏波信号。The pulse wave signal is collected and smoothed to obtain a stable pulse wave signal.
(5-1)从第一个采样点开始，使用移动平均法，计算每个采样点连同左右两个采样点三者的平均数，作为该点平滑后的值；同时，检测采样点是否为突变点，即计算相邻两个采样点值的差值是否大于给定阈值，若大于设定阈值，则该采样点为突变点；利用三次多项式对已有采样点来进行拟合插值。图5为一个心跳周期内脉搏波信号示意图。(5-1) Starting from the first sampling point, use the moving average method to calculate the average of each sampling point and the left and right sampling points as the smoothed value of the point; at the same time, check whether the sampling point is The sudden change point is to calculate whether the difference between the values of two adjacent sampling points is greater than a given threshold. If it is greater than the set threshold, the sampling point is a sudden change point; the cubic polynomial is used to fit and interpolate the existing sampling points. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pulse wave signal in a heartbeat cycle.
(6)计算心跳周期：求脉搏波信号的一阶微分，如图6所示，通过自适应阈值法来识别波峰，此波峰值为一个心跳周期的起点，计算两个波峰间的采样个数，即为心跳周期。(6) Calculating the heartbeat cycle: Find the first-order differential of the pulse wave signal, as shown in Figure 6, identify the peak through the adaptive threshold method, which is the starting point of a heartbeat cycle, and calculate the number of samples between the two peaks , which is the heartbeat cycle.
(7)在袖带逐渐降压的过程中，寻找脉搏波信号恢复后的首个可检测点，具体如下：求其一阶微分，如图6所示，逐个判断每个采样点的前一个采样点的微分值是否小于0，且后一个采样点的微分值是否大于0，若满足此条件，则判断之后连续8个采样点的信号值是否呈上升趋势，若满足此条件，则在(6)中求得的心跳周期内，重复上述判断，看是否存在另一个满足上述条件的采样点，若存在，则该点为所找的首个脉搏波信号的可检测点，记作P，如图4示。(7) In the process of gradually lowering the blood pressure of the cuff, look for the first detectable point after the pulse wave signal is restored, as follows: Find its first-order differential, as shown in Figure 6, and judge the previous point of each sampling point one by one. Whether the differential value of the sampling point is less than 0, and whether the differential value of the next sampling point is greater than 0, if this condition is met, then judge whether the signal value of the next 8 consecutive sampling points is on the rise, if this condition is met, then in ( 6) In the heartbeat period obtained in the above, repeat the above judgment to see if there is another sampling point satisfying the above conditions, if there is, then this point is the detectable point of the first pulse wave signal that is found, denoted as P, As shown in Figure 4.
(8)根据《中国成年人人体尺寸》表，利用受试者年龄和身高，查找对应的上臂长和前壁长并求和，其值为脉搏波传播距离S；利用脉搏波传播速度计算公式，求出脉搏波传播速度C，带入脉搏波传导时间计算公式，求出从肱动脉到桡动脉存在传播时差T，利用采样频率(256HZ)，计算T所对应的采样点数N，找到首个脉搏波信号的可检测点P的第前N个脉搏波信号采样点，记作RealP，如图7所示。(8) According to the "Human Size of Chinese Adults" table, use the subject's age and height to find the corresponding upper arm length and front wall length and sum them up. The value is the pulse wave propagation distance S; use the pulse wave propagation velocity calculation formula , find the pulse wave propagation velocity C, bring it into the pulse wave transit time calculation formula, find the propagation time difference T from the brachial artery to the radial artery, use the sampling frequency (256HZ), calculate the number of sampling points N corresponding to T, and find the first The first N pulse wave signal sampling points of the detectable point P of the pulse wave signal are denoted as RealP, as shown in FIG. 7 .
由于血液从肱动脉到桡动脉存在传播时差，为准确表示肱动脉处的SP，故通过计算从肱动脉到桡动脉的脉搏波传导时间，利用采样频率计算该段时间对应的采样点数N，将首个可检测的脉搏波特征信号向前移动N个采样点，将此时对应的气囊内压力值作为SP。Since there is a time difference in blood propagation from the brachial artery to the radial artery, in order to accurately represent the SP at the brachial artery, the pulse wave transit time from the brachial artery to the radial artery is calculated, and the number of sampling points N corresponding to this period of time is calculated using the sampling frequency. The first detectable pulse wave characteristic signal is moved forward by N sampling points, and the corresponding pressure value in the airbag at this time is taken as SP.
其中，从肱动脉到桡动脉的脉搏波传导时间PWTT计算公式为：Among them, the calculation formula of the pulse wave transit time PWTT from the brachial artery to the radial artery is:
其中，C为脉搏波传播速度，S为脉搏波传播距离。Among them, C is the pulse wave propagation speed, S is the pulse wave propagation distance.
脉搏波传播速度C的计算公式为：The formula for calculating the pulse wave propagation velocity C is:
其中，h为血管壁厚度，D为血管内径，E为血管的杨氏弹性模量，ρ为血液密度，K为莫恩斯常量，对于人的主动脉K值为0.8。Among them, h is the thickness of the blood vessel wall, D is the inner diameter of the blood vessel, E is the Young's elastic modulus of the blood vessel, ρ is the blood density, K is the Moens constant, and the K value for the human aorta is 0.8.
(9)在压力波形上，找到RealP所对应的压力值，即为SP，如图8所示。(9) On the pressure waveform, find the pressure value corresponding to RealP, which is SP, as shown in Figure 8.
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| CN119268974A (en)* | 2024-12-10 | 2025-01-07 | 浙江赛宁生物科技有限公司 | A high-efficiency pipette air tightness detection device and control method thereof |
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