CN115276157A - Low-voltage battery system - Google Patents
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- CN115276157A CN115276157ACN202210839119.2ACN202210839119ACN115276157ACN 115276157 ACN115276157 ACN 115276157ACN 202210839119 ACN202210839119 ACN 202210839119ACN 115276157 ACN115276157 ACN 115276157A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
- B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明属于锂电池系统技术领域，具特别涉及一种各种车用低压电池系统或驻车空调电池系统类低压电池系统，可用于12V或24V低压电池或辅助电池系统，或驻车空调电池系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery systems, and particularly relates to a low-voltage battery system for various vehicle low-voltage battery systems or parking air-conditioning battery systems, which can be used for 12V or 24V low-voltage batteries or auxiliary battery systems, or parking air-conditioning battery systems .
背景技术Background technique
目前各种类型车辆配置发电机或DC/DC类低压充电系统，对电池系统采用恒压限流的充电模式，充电电压高低不一，12V系统充电可能在13.6V-16V之间不等，对于24V系统可能在27.2-32V不等，行业内考虑电池的安全性能，大多使用铁锂系统类锂电池，由于整车行业内发电机或DCDC类低压充电系统电压高低不等，电压是恒定的且不能调节，锂电池系统的单体电芯很容易出现过压状态，影响电池的使用寿命和安全性能，特别在电池一致性不好或电池使用一段时间后，该过压现象表象更加明显，严重缩短锂电池的使用寿命和安全性能。At present, various types of vehicles are equipped with generators or DC/DC low-voltage charging systems, and the charging mode of constant voltage and current limiting is adopted for the battery system. The 24V system may range from 27.2-32V. Considering the safety performance of the battery in the industry, most of the iron-lithium system lithium batteries are used. Since the voltage of the generator or DCDC low-voltage charging system in the vehicle industry varies, the voltage is constant and It cannot be adjusted, and the single cell of the lithium battery system is prone to overvoltage, which affects the service life and safety performance of the battery. Especially when the battery consistency is not good or the battery has been used for a period of time, the overvoltage phenomenon is more obvious and serious. Shorten the service life and safety performance of lithium batteries.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的上述不足而提供一种低压电池系统，可满足各种整车需要低压电源的场所，在使用车辆原配充电系统给该锂电池系统充电的情况下，不会导致单体电芯过充，延长电池的使用寿命和安全性能，降低客诉、售后维护成本、提高电池性能、降低电池系统整个生命周期的成本费用。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and provide a low-voltage battery system, which can meet the needs of various places where a low-voltage power supply is required for the entire vehicle. When the original vehicle charging system is used to charge the lithium battery system, it will not It leads to overcharging of single cells, prolongs the service life and safety performance of the battery, reduces customer complaints, after-sales maintenance costs, improves battery performance, and reduces the cost of the entire life cycle of the battery system.
本发明的技术解决方案是：一种低压电池系统，用于车用12V或24V低压电池、辅助电池系统或驻车空调电池系统，包括电池模组、负极端子和正极端子，其特征在于：还包括电池管理系统、电流传感器和开关电路；所述电流传感器连接在电池模组负极与负极端子之间，开关电路连接在电池模组正极与正极端子之间；所述电池管理系统为电池模组的电池管理系统，并与电流传感器和开关电路电连接，当电池模组当前电量Q达到第二设定值时控制开关电路断开。The technical solution of the present invention is: a low-voltage battery system used for 12V or 24V low-voltage batteries for vehicles, auxiliary battery systems or parking air-conditioning battery systems, including battery modules, negative terminals and positive terminals, characterized in that: It includes a battery management system, a current sensor and a switch circuit; the current sensor is connected between the negative pole and the negative terminal of the battery module, and the switch circuit is connected between the positive pole and the positive terminal of the battery module; the battery management system is a battery module The battery management system is electrically connected to the current sensor and the switch circuit, and the control switch circuit is disconnected when the current power Q of the battery module reaches the second set value.
本发明的技术解决方案中所述的开关电路由并联的第一开关支路和第二开关支路构成；所述第一开关支路由双稳态开关构成，所述第二开关支路由串联的开关和单向导通二极管构成，形成一个单向导通回路。The switch circuit described in the technical solution of the present invention is composed of a first switch branch and a second switch branch connected in parallel; the first switch branch is composed of a bistable switch, and the second switch branch is composed of a series The switch and the unidirectional conduction diode form a unidirectional conduction loop.
本发明的技术解决方案中还包括通信端口；所述通信端口与电池管理系统电连接。The technical solution of the present invention also includes a communication port; the communication port is electrically connected with the battery management system.
本发明的技术解决方案中所述的电池模组包括多个串联的电池单体和温度传感器；所述电池单体为功率型电池单体，为软包、铝壳、圆柱结构的锂电池。The battery module described in the technical solution of the present invention includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series and a temperature sensor; the battery cells are power type battery cells, which are lithium batteries with soft packs, aluminum shells, and cylindrical structures.
本发明的技术解决方案中所述的电池管理系统包括电流监测模块、温度监测模块、数据处理模块；所述电池模组包括多个串联的电池单体和温度传感器；所述电流监测模块、温度监测模块接收电流传感器、温度传感器检测的电流数据、温度数据并将其传送给所述数据处理模块，数据处理模块对所获取的数据分析处理得到电池模组当前电量Q，并将该当前电量Q与第一设定值进行比较；当该当前电量Q小于第一设定值时，控制双稳态开关断开使低压电池系统停止向驻车空调供电进入休眠状态以确保低压电池系统能够正常低压车辆；当该当前电量Q大于第二设定值时，控制双稳态开关断开，开关闭合使电压电池系统不再被充电，只进行放电，以补充整车发电机偶尔的电量不足或电压波动，使整车低压供电电压稳定；当该当前电量Q低于第三设定值时，控制双稳态开关闭合，然后控制开关断开，使电池处于正常的充放电状态。The battery management system described in the technical solution of the present invention includes a current monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module, and a data processing module; the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series and temperature sensors; the current monitoring module, temperature The monitoring module receives the current data and temperature data detected by the current sensor and the temperature sensor and transmits them to the data processing module, and the data processing module analyzes and processes the acquired data to obtain the current battery module Q Compare it with the first set value; when the current power Q is less than the first set value, control the bistable switch to turn off so that the low-voltage battery system stops supplying power to the parking air conditioner and enters a dormant state to ensure that the low-voltage battery system can operate normally. Vehicle; when the current electric quantity Q is greater than the second set value, the bistable switch is controlled to be disconnected, and the switch is closed so that the voltage battery system is no longer charged, and only discharged to supplement the occasional power shortage or voltage of the vehicle generator fluctuations to stabilize the low-voltage power supply voltage of the vehicle; when the current electric quantity Q is lower than the third set value, the bistable switch is controlled to be closed, and then the control switch is turned off, so that the battery is in a normal charging and discharging state.
本发明的技术解决方案中所述的电池管理系统经通信端口与驾驶室内的显示设备通信连接，将电池模组当前电量Q发送至驾驶室内的显示设备；所述通信端口与驾驶室内用于控制双稳态开关状态的远程开关通信连接，将远程开关状态信号传送至电池管理系统；所述电池管理系统根据远程开关状态信号控制双稳态开关闭合/断开。The battery management system described in the technical solution of the present invention communicates with the display device in the cab through the communication port, and sends the current power quantity Q of the battery module to the display device in the cab; the communication port and the cab are used to control The remote switch communication connection of the bistable switch state transmits the remote switch state signal to the battery management system; the battery management system controls the bistable switch to turn on/off according to the remote switch state signal.
本发明的技术解决方案中所述的第一设定值为电池模组总电量的20%~30%，第二设定值为电池模组总电量的98~100%，第三设定值为电池模组总电量的95%。The first set value described in the technical solution of the present invention is 20% to 30% of the total power of the battery module, the second set value is 98 to 100% of the total power of the battery module, and the third set value is 95% of the total power of the battery module.
本发明的技术解决方案中所述的第二设定值为电池模组总电量的98~100%。The second set value described in the technical solution of the present invention is 98-100% of the total power of the battery module.
本发明的技术解决方案中所述的电流传感器为分流器或霍尔传感器；所述电池模组为8串铁锂电池或4串铁锂电池；所述负极端子、正极端子为极柱端子或接插件。The current sensor described in the technical solution of the present invention is a shunt or a Hall sensor; the battery module is 8 series of iron-lithium batteries or 4 series of iron-lithium batteries; the negative terminal and the positive terminal are pole terminals or Connector.
本发明的技术解决方案中所述的电流传感器为分流器或霍尔传感器；所述双稳态开关为磁保持继电器；所述电池模组为8串铁锂电池或4串铁锂电池；所述开关为单稳态继电器、双稳态继电器或MOS；所述负极端子、正极端子为极柱端子或接插件。The current sensor described in the technical solution of the present invention is a shunt or a Hall sensor; the bistable switch is a magnetic latching relay; the battery module is 8 series of iron-lithium batteries or 4 series of iron-lithium batteries; The switch is a monostable relay, a bistable relay or a MOS; the negative terminal and the positive terminal are pole terminals or connectors.
本发明的低压电池系统中正极端子和负极端子连接到整车的负载部位，工作状态分为整车发动机工作状态、整车发动机停止状态。整车发动机工作状态时，整车的发电机给该低压电池系统充电和整车的负载供电，当电池电量充电至一定电量时，低压电池系统断开可充电回路，使低压电池系统只处于放电状态，防止电池内过充。整车发动机停止状态时，则使用本低压电池系统给整车低压系统和驻车空调供电，若低压电池系统电量低于设定值时，低压电池系统将断开回路的双稳态开关，确保电池有足够电量用于车辆再次低压，低电量保护状态再次使用低压电池系统低压车辆时，可通过与通信端口相连的远程开关使电池系统的双稳态开关处于闭合状态，车辆低压后就可通过车辆发动机给低压电池系统充电。这样就可保证低压电池系统正常的给整车低压系统和空调负载供电，避免遭遇车辆中途不能低压需要外接电池低压或拖车的尴尬境地。In the low-voltage battery system of the present invention, the positive terminal and the negative terminal are connected to the load part of the whole vehicle, and the working state is divided into the working state of the whole vehicle engine and the stop state of the whole vehicle engine. When the vehicle engine is working, the generator of the vehicle charges the low-voltage battery system and supplies power to the load of the vehicle. When the battery is charged to a certain level, the low-voltage battery system disconnects the rechargeable circuit, so that the low-voltage battery system is only in discharge. state to prevent overcharging of the battery. When the vehicle engine is stopped, the low-voltage battery system is used to supply power to the low-voltage system of the vehicle and the parking air conditioner. If the power of the low-voltage battery system is lower than the set value, the low-voltage battery system will disconnect the bistable switch of the circuit to ensure The battery has enough power for the vehicle to be low-voltage again, and the low-battery protection state is used again. When the low-voltage battery system is used again for low-voltage vehicles, the bistable switch of the battery system can be closed through the remote switch connected to the communication port, and the vehicle can pass through after low voltage. The vehicle engine charges the low voltage battery system. In this way, it can ensure that the low-voltage battery system can normally supply power to the vehicle's low-voltage system and air-conditioning load, and avoid the embarrassing situation that the vehicle cannot be low-voltage in the middle of the vehicle and needs an external low-voltage battery or trailer.
与目前其它厂家电池组系统相比，本发明具备电量过高保护功能，在当前恒压限流充电机的电压不稳定的状态下，确保电池不会过充，使用更省心且延长电池的使用寿命，提高安全性能。且实现了在驾驶室内方便的控制低压电池系统的工作状态，同时可在驾驶室内的显示设备上看到电池的状态信息。本低压电池系统使用双稳态开关，有效降低低压电池系统的功耗。与传统使用两个独立的低压电池和驻车空调低压电池系统的双电池方案相比，本发明使用一套电池系统，有效节省安装空间、安装物料，降低成本、降低功耗，延长电池的使用寿命，降低故障率。Compared with the battery pack systems of other manufacturers at present, the present invention has the function of over-high protection, which ensures that the battery will not be overcharged when the voltage of the current constant-voltage and current-limiting charger is unstable, and the use is more worry-free and prolongs the battery life. service life and improve safety performance. And it realizes the convenient control of the working state of the low-voltage battery system in the cab, and at the same time, the status information of the battery can be seen on the display device in the cab. The low-voltage battery system uses a bistable switch to effectively reduce the power consumption of the low-voltage battery system. Compared with the traditional dual-battery solution using two independent low-voltage batteries and the low-voltage battery system of the parking air conditioner, the present invention uses a set of battery systems, which effectively saves installation space, installation materials, reduces costs, reduces power consumption, and prolongs the use of batteries life and reduce the failure rate.
本发明具有防止单体电芯过充、延长电池使用寿命、降低成本和提高电池性能的特点，主要用于车用12V或24V低压电池、辅助电池系统或驻车空调电池系统。The invention has the characteristics of preventing overcharging of single cells, prolonging battery life, reducing cost and improving battery performance, and is mainly used for 12V or 24V low-voltage batteries for vehicles, auxiliary battery systems or parking air-conditioning battery systems.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的原理框图。Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of the present invention.
图中：1、负极端子；2、电流传感器；3、电池模组；4、双稳态开关；5、正极端子；6、电池管理系统；7、通信端口；8、开关；9、单向导通二极管。In the figure: 1. Negative terminal; 2. Current sensor; 3. Battery module; 4. Bistable switch; 5. Positive terminal; 6. Battery management system; 7. Communication port; 8. Switch; 9. One-way guide pass diode.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行完整地描述，本发明技术方案中未明确说明的部分均为现有技术，本说明书未记载的内容，可以从现有技术中毫无疑问地推出，这些内容均构成本说明书公开的内容。所述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be fully described below. The parts not clearly described in the technical solution of the present invention are all prior art, and the content not recorded in this specification can be deduced from the prior art without any doubt. These contents all constitute the contents disclosed in this specification. The described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明实施例的低压电池系统由负极端子1、电流传感器2、电池模组3、双稳态开关4、正极端子5、电池管理系统（BMS）6、通信端口7、开关8和单向导通二极管9组成充放电回路，形成具有为整车起动、驻车空调等低压系统供电的低压电池系统。电池管理系统6包括电流监测模块、温度监测模块和数据处理模块。电流监测模块、温度监测模块接收电流传感器2、设置于电池模组3内的温度传感器检测的电流数据、温度数据并将其传送给所述数据处理模块，数据处理模块对所获取的数据分析处理得到电池模组当前电量Q，并将该电量Q与第一设定值进行比较，当电量Q小于第一设定值时，控制双稳态开关4断开使低压电池系统停止向驻车空调供电进入休眠状态，以确保低压电池系统能够正常低压车辆。当电量Q大于第二设定值时，控制双稳态开关4断开，开关8闭合使电压电池系统不再被充电，只进行放电，以补充整车发电机偶尔的电量不足或电压波动，使整车低压供电电压稳定；当电量Q低于第三设定值时，控制双稳态开关4闭合，然后控制开关8断开，使电池处于正常的充放电状态。第一设定值为电池模组总电量的20%~30%，根据温度预留值不同，一般常温20%，低温30%。第二设定值为电池模组总电量的98~100%，第三设定值位电池模组总电量的90~95%。电池管理系统6经通信端口7与驾驶室内的显示设备通信连接以将电量Q发送至驾驶室内的显示设备。通信端口7与驾驶室内用于控制双稳态开关4状态的远程开关通信连接以将远程开关状态信号传送至电池管理系统6，电池管理系统6根据远程开关状态信号控制双稳态开关4闭合/断开，使电池模组3能够用于车辆的低压。As shown in Figure 1, the low-voltage battery system of the embodiment of the present invention consists of a negative terminal 1, a
负极端子1、电流传感器2、电池模组3、双稳态开关4、单向导通二极管9、开关8、正极端子5由导体顺序串联组成，其中，单向导通二极管9和开关8同双稳态开关4并联。本低压电池系统的串联线束和/或busbar使用35mm2。负极端子1和正极端子5对外连接该低压电池系统的负载和充电电源。负极端子1和正极端子5可以是极柱端子（锥形端子）和/或接插件。Negative terminal 1,
电流传感器2可以是分流器，电池管理系统（BMS）6通过分流器采集电池模组3的充电放电电流。电流传感器2也可以是霍尔传感器。The
电池模组3包括多个串联的电池单体，使用功率型电池单体，主要用于发动机低压时的瞬时大功率放电、能量回收时的瞬时大功率充电，该电池单体为软包、铝壳、圆柱结构的锂电池，具有低温可充电功能，不需要带加热系统。电池模组3由电芯串联或电芯并联之后串联组成，可使用8串的铁锂电池单体串联模式用于24V系统，也可使用4串的铁锂电池单体串联模式用于12V系统。The
双稳态开关4是可控制低压电池系统对外输入/输出的开关器件，正常不需要功耗，改变稳态到另外一个稳态时才需要功耗。双稳态开关4处于闭合状态，则低压电池系统可正常的充电和放电，双稳态开关4处于断开状态，则低压电池系统不能充电和放电，即低压电池系统处于保护状态，该双稳态开关4可通过电池管理系统（BMS）6控制其闭合和断开以实现对低压电池系统的保护功能。该双稳态开关4可以是磁保持继电器，具有双稳态功能（断开、闭合），状态切换时需使用电池模组的功耗，稳态时不使用电池模组的功耗，以降低功耗。若使用MOS（MOS是开关的一种）和普通继电器等单稳态器件，则低压电池系统在其中1个稳态时不消耗低压电池系统的功耗，在另外一个稳态时就需要消耗低压电池系统的功耗了。电池管理系统（BMS）6可控制该磁保持继电器的状态，使磁保持继电器从一个稳态到另一个稳态，同时电池管理系统（BMS）6可通过磁保持继电器触点外侧电压采集点或磁保持继电器触点两端电压采集点监控该继电器状态。The
通信端口7的通信模式可以是CAN、RS485等，通信端口7的硬件组成为接插件。通信端口7具有CAN通信功能、连接外部开关功能，低压电池系统通过CAN通信传输电池信息至驾驶室显示设备。外接开关功能：驾驶员在驾驶室内就可方便的控制锂电池的工作状态，不用低压电池系统时，可以通过远程开关控制磁保持继电器处于断开状态，此时低压电池系统进入休眠状态，对外不能放电、外部也不能对低压电池系统充电，降低低压电池系统的功耗，这样低压电池系统可以有更长的待机时间或工作时间，同时延长电池的使用寿命；使用低压电池系统时，可以通过远程开关控制磁保持继电器处于闭合状态，此时低压电池系统可对外放电、外部可对低压电池系统充电。The communication mode of the
电池管理系统（BMS）6是低压电池系统的管理系统，可监控低压电池系统的充电/放电等各种工作状态，可监测低压电池系统的温度、电流、双稳态开关4状态、开关8状态、通信端口7的开关状态、异常保护和报警等信息，同时通过通信端口7上传信息至驾驶室内的显示屏，保持锂电池的安全运行；同时可监控远程开关状态以人为或强制方式控制双稳态开关4的工作状态，使双稳态开关4工作于双稳态中的一种。车辆发电机处于工作状态中，若低压电池系统电量过高，则电池管理系统（BMS）6控制双稳态开关4处于断开状态、开关8处于闭合状态，此时低压电池系统可对外放电、车辆发电机不可对该低压电池系统充电，同时BMS可检测双稳态开关4和开关8的状态。车辆发电机未工作，使用驻车空调等低压负载的过程中，电池电量低于设定值时，电池管理系统（BMS）6控制双稳态开关4处于断开状态，此时低压电池系统不能对外放电、外部也不能对该低压电池系统充电，以确保低压电池系统能够正常的低压车辆。车辆需要低压时，可通过通信端口7连接远程开关来使电池管理系统（BMS）6控制双稳态开关4状态，使其处于闭合状态，这样低压电池系统即可正常的充放电，用于车辆的低压，车辆低压后，整车的发电机继续给该低压电池系统充电，达到一定的电量，低压电池系统就可正常使用了。The battery management system (BMS) 6 is the management system of the low-voltage battery system, which can monitor various working states such as charging/discharging of the low-voltage battery system, and can monitor the temperature, current, state of the
图中，B0~Bn-1是电压采集回路，连接至模组3中单体电池的正负极上，通过导线或FPCB传导电压信号至电池管理系统（BMS）6，电池管理系统（BMS）6监控模组上单体电池的电压，进行相应的电压检测及传输，并通过检测电压，对单体电池做相应的保护，如：过充保护、过放保护。NTC是温度感应元器件，是温度采集回路，连接至模组3中单体电池极柱/极耳/本体上，通过导线或FPC,B传导温度信号至电池管理系统（BMS）6，电池管理系统（BMS）6监控模组3的最高、最低温度，进行相应的温度检测及传输，并通过检测电压，对模组3做相应的保护，如：温度过压和过低。In the figure, B0~Bn-1 are the voltage acquisition loops, which are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the single battery in
综上所述，本发明是一种低压电池系统，是集成电池模组、电流采集单元、开关、二极管、电池管理系统（BMS）于一体的低压电池系统。To sum up, the present invention is a low-voltage battery system, which is a low-voltage battery system integrating a battery module, a current acquisition unit, a switch, a diode, and a battery management system (BMS).
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