CN115128323A - A multimeter intelligent module with electric alarm and self-blocking function - Google Patents
A multimeter intelligent module with electric alarm and self-blocking functionDownload PDFInfo
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- CN115128323A CN115128323ACN202210515834.0ACN202210515834ACN115128323ACN 115128323 ACN115128323 ACN 115128323ACN 202210515834 ACN202210515834 ACN 202210515834ACN 115128323 ACN115128323 ACN 115128323A
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- G01R15/12—Circuits for multi-testers, i.e. multimeters, e.g. for measuring voltage, current, or impedance at will
- G01R15/125—Circuits for multi-testers, i.e. multimeters, e.g. for measuring voltage, current, or impedance at will for digital multimeters
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- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明属于测控技术与仪器技术领域，具体涉及一种带电报警及自闭锁功能的万用表智能模块。The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement and control technology and instruments, and in particular relates to a multimeter intelligent module with electric alarm and self-blocking functions.
背景技术Background technique
万用表可用于测量电阻、交流直流电压、交流直流电流、电容，还可以检测二极管、三极管、稳压管的好坏。万用表一般适用于电气、仪控设备在线电压测量、电阻测量以及通断测量。万用表具有以下功能：查找电缆断点、检查电缆是否受潮、检测照明电路短路或开路故障、控制回路的检查、主电路的检查等……国内外万用表测试笔为普通测试笔，仅具备连接被测对象与万用表的功能，此种电表存在如下不足：如果遇到在控制回路测量电压值时，失误错用电流档、通断档或电阻档等情况时，被测回路导通引发电源短路、控制功能意外动作，严重情况下将导致生产线停止运行、发电机组跳机、输电线路跳闸、电源丧失、设备损毁、人身伤害等后果。随着自动化技术与智能制造技术的不断发展，万用表领域的智能化已经慢慢成为当下万用表研究的方向，但是，目前已有的研究成果均在万用表内部进行直接改造，同时，市面上出现的大多数智能化万用表的智能化方式为在测量电阻、电压、通断时档位的自动切换，在语音提示方面成果较少。总体来看，目前市场上出现的万用表智能化都是从万用表内部入手，在内部加装单片机进行电路的通断控制来实现，也就是需要对万用表整体的内部电路进行重新规划设计，而不是在原有电路的基础上进行改进、增加辅助功能。The multimeter can be used to measure resistance, AC and DC voltage, AC and DC current, capacitance, and can also detect the quality of diodes, triodes, and Zener tubes. The multimeter is generally suitable for on-line voltage measurement, resistance measurement and on-off measurement of electrical and instrumentation and control equipment. The multimeter has the following functions: finding the breakpoint of the cable, checking whether the cable is damp, detecting the short-circuit or open-circuit fault of the lighting circuit, inspection of the control circuit, inspection of the main circuit, etc... The function of the object and the multimeter, this kind of meter has the following shortcomings: if it encounters the wrong use of the current file, on-off file or resistance file when measuring the voltage value in the control loop, the circuit under test is turned on and causes the power short circuit and the control function. Unexpected actions, in severe cases, will cause the production line to stop running, the generator set to trip, the transmission line to trip, power loss, equipment damage, personal injury and other consequences. With the continuous development of automation technology and intelligent manufacturing technology, the intelligence in the field of multimeters has gradually become the direction of current multimeter research. However, the existing research results are directly transformed inside the multimeter. The intelligent method of most intelligent multimeters is the automatic switching of gears when measuring resistance, voltage, and on-off, and there are few achievements in voice prompts. In general, the multimeters currently on the market start from the inside of the multimeter, and add a single-chip microcomputer inside to control the on-off of the circuit. Improve and add auxiliary functions on the basis of circuits.
在研究方向上，国内外改装万用表的方向均从内部电路入手，现有智能万用表通常存在以下缺点：在进行电流切换电压测量时仍需手动更换表笔，存在档位和表笔插孔不匹配的问题；在智能识别方面存在识别不准确的缺陷。以外包裹的形式在手持式万用表原有基础上改造成果较少，从外部改进万用表减少万用表的开发工作，且可以实现自动切换表笔的功能，因此从外部加装外包裹实现万用表的智能化的研究与实现是有必要的。In the research direction, the direction of refitting multimeters at home and abroad starts from the internal circuit. The existing smart multimeters usually have the following shortcomings: when the current switching voltage measurement is performed, the test leads still need to be manually replaced, and there is a mismatch between the gear position and the test lead jack. ; There is a defect of inaccurate identification in intelligent identification. In the form of external package, there are few transformation achievements on the basis of the original hand-held multimeter. Improving the multimeter from the outside reduces the development work of the multimeter, and can realize the function of automatically switching the test leads. Therefore, the external package is installed to realize the intelligent research of the multimeter. and implementation is necessary.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种带电报警及自闭锁功能的万用表智能模块。利用该万用表智能模块辅助用户使用万用表，主要包括：语音提示当前档位信息、将表笔连接到对应档位的插孔、以及在电路接通到万用表之前进行安全性的检测。在选档信息确认后，某些档位需要进行安全性检测，也就是对被测电路进行分析，检测其是否与用户所选择的档位相符合，而在安全性检测前，必然需要对线路通断进行判断，即用户是否已经将表笔与被测档位相连接。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multimeter intelligent module with electric alarm and self-blocking functions. The multimeter intelligent module is used to assist the user in using the multimeter, which mainly includes: voice prompting the current gear information, connecting the test pen to the jack of the corresponding gear, and performing safety detection before the circuit is connected to the multimeter. After the gear selection information is confirmed, some gears need to be tested for safety, that is, the circuit under test is analyzed to check whether it is consistent with the gear selected by the user. It is judged by on-off, that is, whether the user has connected the test leads to the measured gear.
上述目的是为了解决待测对象与测量档位不相匹配引起的各种事故及经济损失：如果遇到在控制回路测量电压值时，失误错用电流档、通断档或电阻档等情况时，被测回路导通引发电源短路、控制功能意外动作，严重情况下将导致生产线停止运行、发电机组跳机、输电线路跳闸、电源丧失、设备损毁、人身伤害等后果。因此这一套与万用表适配的保护模块能够从技术上避免由于人因失误使用万用表电阻档或通断档误测带电回路而引发的设备损坏、人身伤害以及生产线停运等重大风险。The above purpose is to solve various accidents and economic losses caused by the mismatch between the object to be measured and the measurement gear: if the current gear, on-off gear or resistance gear is wrongly used when measuring the voltage value in the control loop, The conduction of the circuit under test will lead to a short circuit of the power supply and unexpected operation of the control function. Therefore, this set of protection modules adapted to the multimeter can technically avoid major risks such as equipment damage, personal injury, and production line outages caused by human error using the multimeter resistance gear or falsely measuring the live circuit.
为达到上述目的，本发明所采取的技术方案为：To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种带电报警及自闭锁功能的万用表智能模块，A multimeter intelligent module with electric alarm and self-blocking function,
机械结构部分：外壳上开有尺寸不同的槽，分别为限位开关槽用于容纳限位开关，电池槽用于容纳电池，电路板槽用于容纳单片机、A/D转换芯片、线性稳压器、语音播报模块、指示灯、驱动芯片、继电器，扬声器槽用于容纳扬声器，表笔插孔与万用表插孔相连，万用表插槽用于容纳万用表表体，外壳上还设计有旋钮和挡板，旋钮与万用表旋钮契合，挡板与万用表插槽腔体连接固定万用表；Mechanical structure: There are slots of different sizes on the shell, which are limit switch slots for accommodating limit switches, battery slots for accommodating batteries, and circuit board slots for accommodating single-chip microcomputers, A/D conversion chips, and linear voltage regulators. The speaker slot is used to accommodate the speaker, the test lead jack is connected to the multimeter jack, the multimeter slot is used to accommodate the multimeter meter body, and the shell is also designed with knobs and baffles. The knob fits the knob of the multimeter, and the baffle is connected to the cavity of the multimeter slot to fix the multimeter;
电路结构部分：单片机分别与A/D转换芯片、语音播报模块、限位开关、指示灯、驱动芯片连接，A/D转换芯片与线性稳压器连接，语音播报模块与扬声器连接，驱动芯片与继电器连接。Circuit structure part: the single-chip microcomputer is connected with the A/D conversion chip, the voice broadcast module, the limit switch, the indicator light and the driver chip, the A/D conversion chip is connected with the linear voltage regulator, the voice broadcast module is connected with the speaker, and the driver chip is connected with the Relay connection.
限位开关槽、旋钮、挡板、电池槽、电路板槽、扬声器槽、表笔插孔、万用表插槽均封装于外壳中，外壳表面可视部分仅表笔插孔。Limit switch slots, knobs, baffles, battery slots, circuit board slots, speaker slots, test pen sockets, and multimeter sockets are all encapsulated in the casing, and only the test pen sockets are visible on the surface of the casing.
单片机为STM32F103C8T6单片机、GD32F103C8T6单片机或APM32F103C8T6单片机。The microcontroller is STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, GD32F103C8T6 microcontroller or APM32F103C8T6 microcontroller.
A/D转换芯片为AD7606芯片或CBM76AD06芯片。The A/D conversion chip is AD7606 chip or CBM76AD06 chip.
线性稳压器精度小于0.1V，最大输出电流大于1A。The accuracy of the linear regulator is less than 0.1V, and the maximum output current is greater than 1A.
语音播报模块最大功率不超过3W。The maximum power of the voice broadcast module does not exceed 3W.
限位开关型号为KW12。The limit switch model is KW12.
扬声器为8Ω、0.5W，直径为45mm。The speaker is 8Ω, 0.5W, and has a diameter of 45mm.
继电器额定电流10A以上、供电为5V。The rated current of the relay is more than 10A, and the power supply is 5V.
1)档位选择：旋钮被旋转至指定档位，同时带动万用表旋钮旋转至指定档位，此时挡板触发限位开关触点闭合，该触点闭合信号以0/1方式传送至单片机，单片机对该信号进行判别，确认其对应的具体档位，判别结果信号通过串口通讯方式传输至语音播报模块，语音播报模块将其处理成标准语句后传送至扬声器进行播报；1) Gear selection: the knob is rotated to the specified gear, and at the same time, the knob of the multimeter is driven to rotate to the specified gear. At this time, the baffle triggers the contact of the limit switch to close, and the contact closure signal is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer in 0/1 mode. The single-chip computer discriminates the signal, confirms its corresponding specific gear, and transmits the discrimination result signal to the voice broadcast module through serial communication, and the voice broadcast module processes it into a standard sentence and transmits it to the speaker for broadcast;
2)被测量信号采集：档位选择结束，表笔接入至被测回路中，经过金属笔尖及导线获取模拟量信号，该模拟量信号首先经过线性稳压器进行滤波及箝位处理，转换为A/D转换芯片所接受的信号范围，随后传输至A/D转换芯片，将被测回路中采集到的模拟量信号转换为单片机所能处理的数字量信号；2) Measured signal acquisition: After the gear selection is completed, the test pen is connected to the circuit under test, and the analog signal is obtained through the metal pen tip and wire. The analog signal is first filtered and clamped by the linear regulator, and converted into The signal range accepted by the A/D conversion chip is then transmitted to the A/D conversion chip, and the analog signal collected in the circuit under test is converted into a digital signal that can be processed by the single-chip microcomputer;
3)被测信号处理：被测量信号采集结束，A/D转换芯片将数字量信号经过串口传输至单片机，单片机获取该信号，将其与经限位开关传输而来的触点变位信号对比，确认两个信号的一致性，只认为两个信号一致时为正确，其余结果均为不正确；3) Measured signal processing: After the measured signal is collected, the A/D conversion chip transmits the digital signal to the single-chip microcomputer through the serial port. The single-chip computer obtains the signal and compares it with the contact displacement signal transmitted through the limit switch. , confirm the consistency of the two signals, only consider that the two signals are correct when they are consistent, and the rest of the results are incorrect;
4)检测结果播报：被测信号处理结束，单片机将判断结果以数字信号模式，经串口传输至语音播报模块，若被测信号检测结果与档位选择一致，则视为档位选择正确，单片机输出信号至驱动芯片，驱动芯片收到信号，输出能够驱动继电器动作的电压至继电器线圈两端，使其触点闭合，接通万用表原有测量回路；若被测信号检测结果与档位选择不一致，则视为档位选择不正确，此时由单片机判定详细的不一致情况，并将判断结果经串口输出对应信号至语音播报模块，语音播报模块再通过标准语句，驱动扬声器播报指定提示语句，同时驱动指示灯闪烁。4) Test result broadcast: After the processing of the measured signal is completed, the single-chip microcomputer transmits the judgment result in digital signal mode to the voice broadcast module through the serial port. The output signal is sent to the drive chip, the drive chip receives the signal, and outputs the voltage that can drive the action of the relay to both ends of the relay coil, so that the contacts are closed, and the original measurement circuit of the multimeter is connected; if the test result of the measured signal is inconsistent with the gear selection , it is deemed that the gear selection is incorrect. At this time, the single-chip microcomputer determines the detailed inconsistency, and outputs the corresponding signal to the voice broadcast module through the serial port. The voice broadcast module then drives the speaker to broadcast the specified prompt sentence through the standard sentence. The drive light is flashing.
本发明所取得的有益效果为：The beneficial effects obtained by the present invention are:
1、智能选档的技术手段，实现了匹配万用表选用档位与表笔对应插孔位置的技术效果，自动接入正确表笔接孔，相比较传统万用表，可以避免出现表笔位置与所选档位不符所造成的安全事故。1. The technical means of intelligent gear selection realizes the technical effect of matching the selected gear of the multimeter and the corresponding jack position of the test lead, and automatically connects the correct test lead connection hole. Compared with the traditional multimeter, the position of the test lead and the selected gear can be avoided. resulting safety incidents.
2、智能停止测量的技术手段，实现了在明确发现所选档位不能接入被测电路的情况下，禁止接入的技术效果，实现对万用表和被测电路的保护，相比较传统万用表，可以避免人工失误带来的安全隐患。2. The technical means of intelligent stop measurement realizes the technical effect of prohibiting access when it is clearly found that the selected gear cannot be connected to the circuit under test, and realizes the protection of the multimeter and the circuit under test. Compared with the traditional multimeter, Safety hazards caused by human error can be avoided.
3、语音及提示的技术手段，实现了在人为有不当操作时，给予明确提示的技术效果，既可以做到发现问题，也可以给出对应的正确操作方法。3. The technical means of voice and prompts realize the technical effect of giving clear prompts when there is improper operation by humans, which can not only find problems, but also give the corresponding correct operation methods.
4、万用表智能化的技术手段，实现了对原有高精度万用表的智能化改造的技术效果，相比较市面上的智能万用表，在不淘汰原有万用表的基础上，实现了万用表智能化的技术效果。4. The intelligent technical means of the multimeter realizes the technical effect of the intelligent transformation of the original high-precision multimeter. Compared with the smart multimeters on the market, it realizes the intelligent technology of the multimeter without eliminating the original multimeter. Effect.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为一种带电报警及自闭锁功能的万用表智能模块机械结构示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical structure of a multimeter intelligent module with an electrified alarm and self-blocking function;
图2为一种带电报警及自闭锁功能的万用表智能模块电路结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a multimeter intelligent module with electric alarm and self-blocking functions;
图3为一种带电报警及自闭锁功能的万用表智能模块工作流程图；Fig. 3 is a kind of working flow chart of the intelligent module of a multimeter with electric alarm and self-blocking function;
图中：1—限位开关槽；2—旋钮；3—挡板；4—电池槽；5—电路板槽；6—扬声器槽；7—表笔插孔；8—万用表插槽；9—外壳；10—单片机；11—A/D转换芯片；12—线性稳压器；13—语音播报模块；14—限位开关；15—指示灯；16—扬声器；17—驱动芯片；18—继电器。In the figure: 1—limit switch slot; 2—knob; 3—baffle plate; 4—battery slot; 5—circuit board slot; 6—speaker slot; ; 10—MCU; 11—A/D conversion chip; 12—Linear regulator; 13—Voice broadcast module; 14—Limit switch; 15—Indicator light; 16—Speaker; 17—Driver chip; 18—Relay.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
机械结构部分由图1中1-9组成，外壳9上开有尺寸不同的槽，分别为限位开关槽1用于容纳限位开关14，电池槽4用于容纳电池，电路板槽5用于容纳单片机10、A/D转换芯片11、线性稳压器12、语音播报模块13、指示灯15、驱动芯片17、继电器18，扬声器槽6用于容纳扬声器16，表笔插孔7与万用表插孔相连，表笔从此处插入后，与万用表插孔亦接通，万用表插槽8用于容纳万用表表体，外壳9上还设计有旋钮2和挡板3，旋钮2与万用表旋钮契合，确保在其旋转过程中万用表旋钮对应旋转至指定位置。挡板3与万用表插槽8腔体连接，固定万用表。完整形态下，1-8部分均封装于外壳9中，表面可视部分仅表笔插孔7。The mechanical structure part consists of 1-9 in Fig. 1. There are different sizes of slots on the shell 9, namely
电路结构部分包括单片机10、A/D转换芯片11、线性稳压器12、语音播报模块13、限位开关14、指示灯15、扬声器16、驱动芯片17、继电器18。单片机10分别与A/D转换芯片11、语音播报模块13、限位开关14、指示灯15、驱动芯片17连接，A/D转换芯片11与线性稳压器12连接，语音播报模块13与扬声器16连接，驱动芯片17与继电器18连接。The circuit structure part includes a single-
1)档位选择：旋钮2被旋转至指定档位，同时带动万用表旋钮旋转至指定档位，此时挡板3触发限位开关14触点闭合，该触点闭合信号以0/1方式传送至单片机10，单片机10对该信号进行判别，确认其对应的具体档位，判别结果信号通过串口通讯方式传输至语音播报模块13，语音播报模块13将其处理成标准语句后传送至扬声器16进行播报；1) Gear selection: the
2)被测量信号采集：档位选择结束，表笔接入至被测回路中，经过金属笔尖及导线获取模拟量信号，该模拟量信号首先经过线性稳压器12进行滤波及箝位处理，转换为A/D转换芯片11所接受的信号范围，随后传输至A/D转换芯片11，将被测回路中采集到的模拟量信号转换为单片机10所能处理的数字量信号；2) Acquisition of the measured signal: After the gear selection is completed, the test pen is connected to the circuit under test, and the analog signal is obtained through the metal pen tip and the wire. The analog signal is first filtered and clamped by the
3)被测信号处理：被测量信号采集结束，A/D转换芯片11将数字量信号经过串口传输至单片机10，单片机获取该信号，将其与经限位开关14传输而来的触点变位信号对比，确认两个信号的一致性，只认为两个信号一致时为正确，其余结果均为不正确；3) Measured signal processing: After the measured signal is collected, the A/
4)检测结果播报：被测信号处理结束，单片机10将判断结果以数字信号模式，经串口传输至语音播报模块13，若被测信号检测结果与档位选择一致，则视为档位选择正确，单片机输出信号至驱动芯片17，驱动芯片17收到信号，输出能够驱动继电器18动作的电压至继电器线圈两端，使其触点闭合，接通万用表原有测量回路；若被测信号检测结果与档位选择不一致，则视为档位选择不正确，此时由单片机判定详细的不一致情况(如使用电阻档位测量电压信号)，并将判断结果经串口输出对应信号至语音播报模块13，语音播报模块13再通过标准语句，驱动扬声器16播报指定提示语句，同时驱动指示灯15闪烁。4) Test result broadcast: After the signal processing is finished, the single-
元件限定要求：Component requirements:
电池：7.4V、6800mAh、4节两串两并18650mAh；Battery: 7.4V, 6800mAh, 4 cells, two series and two parallels, 18650mAh;
单片机10：限定为STM32F103C8T6单片机，可用GD32F103C8T6单片机以及APM32F103C8T6单片机替代；MCU 10: limited to STM32F103C8T6 MCU, which can be replaced by GD32F103C8T6 MCU and APM32F103C8T6 MCU;
A/D转换芯片11：限定为AD7606芯片，可用CBM76AD06芯片代替；A/D conversion chip 11: limited to AD7606 chip, which can be replaced by CBM76AD06 chip;
线性稳压器12：精度小于0.1V，最大输出电流大于1A；Linear regulator 12: the accuracy is less than 0.1V, and the maximum output current is greater than 1A;
语音播报模块13：最大功率不超过3W；Voice broadcast module 13: the maximum power does not exceed 3W;
限位开关14：银触点、5A、250V微动开关，型号为KW12；Limit switch 14: silver contact, 5A, 250V micro switch, model KW12;
指示灯15：3.0-3.2V、20mA、1200-1500mcd；Indicator light 15: 3.0-3.2V, 20mA, 1200-1500mcd;
扬声器16：8Ω、0.5W，直径为45mm；Speaker 16: 8Ω, 0.5W, diameter 45mm;
继电器18：额定电流10A以上、供电为5V的继电器。Relay 18: A relay with a rated current of 10A or more and a power supply of 5V.
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| CN115586363A (en)* | 2022-10-26 | 2023-01-10 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | A Smart Multimeter Set |
| CN119001214A (en)* | 2024-10-18 | 2024-11-22 | 温州正原电子有限公司 | AI auxiliary measurement's intelligent test pencil |
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| CN115128323B (en) | 2025-09-12 |
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