CN114928565A - Internet of things testing method and system for simulating hardware equipment - Google Patents
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及系统测试技术领域，尤其是涉及一种模拟硬件设备的物联网测试方法及系统。The invention relates to the technical field of system testing, in particular to an Internet of Things testing method and system for simulating hardware equipment.
背景技术Background technique
物联网用途广泛，遍及智能交通、智能家居、安全消防、环境监测、工业监控等多个领域。物联网现有的应用架构主要包括：承载了全业务处理流程的后台物联网服务器、承载了数据收集的前端物联网终端、承载了前后端数据传输的物联网通讯设备。随着物联网的发展，越来越多的硬件设备通过通讯模块实现与云端的连接，实现云端对于硬件设备的控制以及控制设备信息的上报。The Internet of Things is widely used in many fields such as intelligent transportation, smart home, safety and fire protection, environmental monitoring, and industrial monitoring. The existing application architecture of the Internet of Things mainly includes: the back-end IoT server that carries the whole business processing process, the front-end IoT terminal that carries the data collection, and the IoT communication device that carries the front-end and back-end data transmission. With the development of the Internet of Things, more and more hardware devices are connected to the cloud through communication modules, enabling the cloud to control hardware devices and report control device information.
在传统测试中，强依赖于硬件信息上报的数据，甚至大型硬件设备只能实地调试，对于服务端逻辑各种场景的覆盖和整体数据联调效率及其低下，云端业务的调试依赖于硬件设备程序的开发进度，影响了整体的开发效率。In traditional testing, it is strongly dependent on the data reported by hardware information, and even large-scale hardware devices can only be debugged on the spot. The coverage of various scenarios of server logic and the overall data joint debugging efficiency are extremely low, and the debugging of cloud services depends on hardware devices. The development progress of the program affects the overall development efficiency.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种模拟硬件设备的物联网测试方法及系统。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an Internet of Things testing method and system for simulating hardware devices in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：The object of the present invention can be realized through the following technical solutions:
一种模拟硬件设备的物联网测试方法，包括以下步骤：An IoT testing method for simulating hardware devices, comprising the following steps:
获取待测设备的配置信息，所述配置信息至少包括通信协议信息和业务逻辑信息，根据配置信息构建对应待测设备的虚拟设备，所述虚拟设备中内置多个业务模块；Obtaining configuration information of the device to be tested, the configuration information at least includes communication protocol information and business logic information, and constructing a virtual device corresponding to the device to be tested according to the configuration information, wherein multiple service modules are built in the virtual device;
虚拟设备接收并根据通信协议信息解读云端发送的指令，根据指令控制业务模块执行对应的业务逻辑并得到响应数据，根据通信协议信息将响应数据上报至云端。The virtual device receives and interprets the instructions sent by the cloud according to the communication protocol information, controls the business module to execute the corresponding business logic according to the instructions and obtains the response data, and reports the response data to the cloud according to the communication protocol information.
进一步的，所述虚拟设备内置有通信字典，所述通信字典是根据通信协议信息定义的，虚拟设备接收到云端发送的报文后，根据通信字典将报文转化为数据，虚拟设备将响应数据上报云端时，根据通信字典将数据转化为报文。Further, the virtual device has a built-in communication dictionary, and the communication dictionary is defined according to the communication protocol information. After the virtual device receives the message sent by the cloud, it converts the message into data according to the communication dictionary, and the virtual device responds with the data. When reporting to the cloud, the data is converted into messages according to the communication dictionary.
进一步的，待测设备的通信协议信息中至少包括一种通信协议，虚拟设备内至少包括一个通信字典，每个通信字典对应一种通信协议。Further, the communication protocol information of the device under test includes at least one communication protocol, the virtual device includes at least one communication dictionary, and each communication dictionary corresponds to one communication protocol.
进一步的，所述通信字典以通信协议为基准，通过python脚本固化的方式实现。Further, the communication dictionary is based on a communication protocol, and is implemented in a way of solidifying a python script.
进一步的，所述业务逻辑与云端发送的指令相对应，内容是虚拟设备中各个业务模块的控制命令，控制命令至少包括信息上报命令、开启命令、关闭命令。Further, the business logic corresponds to the command sent by the cloud, and the content is the control command of each business module in the virtual device, and the control command at least includes an information reporting command, an opening command, and a closing command.
进一步的，所述业务逻辑的内容还包括响应数据的格式信息，业务模块按照业务逻辑执行后得到模块响应数据，所述模块响应数据按照格式信息组合后得到响应数据。Further, the content of the business logic further includes format information of the response data, the business module obtains the module response data after executing the business logic, and the module response data is combined according to the format information to obtain the response data.
进一步的，所述配置信息还包括数量信息，根据数量信息构建相应数量的虚拟设备。Further, the configuration information further includes quantity information, and a corresponding quantity of virtual devices is constructed according to the quantity information.
一种模拟硬件设备的物联网测试系统，包括：An IoT test system that simulates hardware devices, including:
虚拟设备，所述虚拟设备对应待测设备，根据待测设备的配置信息构建而成，所述配置信息至少包括通信协议信息和业务逻辑信息，所述虚拟设备中内置多个业务模块；A virtual device, the virtual device corresponds to the device to be tested and is constructed according to the configuration information of the device to be tested, the configuration information at least includes communication protocol information and business logic information, and a plurality of service modules are built in the virtual device;
云端，发送指令至虚拟设备并接收虚拟设备上报的数据。The cloud sends commands to virtual devices and receives data reported by virtual devices.
进一步的，所述云端包括设备控制模块和数据处理模块，所述设备控制模块用于生成指令，所述数据处理模块用于对虚拟设备上报的数据进行处理。Further, the cloud includes a device control module and a data processing module, the device control module is configured to generate an instruction, and the data processing module is configured to process the data reported by the virtual device.
进一步的，还包括显示模块，所述显示模块与虚拟设备和云端相连，可视化展示虚拟设备和云端的操作与业务。Further, a display module is also included, the display module is connected with the virtual device and the cloud, and visually displays the operations and services of the virtual device and the cloud.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1)通过虚拟设备模拟真实的硬件设备，不影响现有逻辑的同时，可以最大限度的模拟各种硬件上报的场景，很方便的完成依赖于硬件数据上报的自动化测试覆盖，解决了云端开发和测试对硬件数据上报的依赖。(1) Simulate real hardware devices through virtual devices, without affecting the existing logic, it can simulate various hardware reporting scenarios to the maximum extent, and it is very convenient to complete the automatic test coverage that relies on hardware data reporting, which solves the problem of cloud development. And test dependence on hardware data reporting.
(2)并不是简单的定义好固定格式的数据作为上报数据送入云端对应的接收端口，而是根据待测设备的配置信息，构建了一个可以执行业务逻辑的虚拟设备，对于云端下发的指令能够对应的进行执行和响应，保证了测试的可靠性，在长期的软件迭代过程中，可以保证物联网业务正常稳定的运行。(2) Instead of simply defining data in a fixed format and sending it to the corresponding receiving port of the cloud as the reported data, a virtual device that can execute business logic is constructed according to the configuration information of the device to be tested. The instructions can be executed and responded accordingly, which ensures the reliability of the test. In the long-term software iteration process, the normal and stable operation of the IoT business can be guaranteed.
(3)虚拟模块内设有通信字典，根据通信字典实现报文和数据的转化，能够快速、高效实现数据传输，且开发工作量小。(3) There is a communication dictionary in the virtual module, and the conversion of messages and data can be realized according to the communication dictionary, which can realize data transmission quickly and efficiently, and the development workload is small.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为模拟硬件设备的物联网测试方法的流程图。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an IoT testing method for simulating hardware devices.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
在附图中，结构相同的部件以相同数字标号表示，各处结构或功能相似的组件以相似数字标号表示。附图所示的每一组件的尺寸和厚度是任意示出的，本发明并没有限定每个组件的尺寸和厚度。为了使图示更清晰，附图中有些地方适当夸大了部件。In the drawings, structurally identical components are denoted by the same numerals, and structurally or functionally similar components are denoted by like numerals throughout. The size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown, and the present invention does not limit the size and thickness of each component. Parts in the drawings have been appropriately exaggerated in some places for clarity of illustration.
实施例1：Example 1:
一种模拟硬件设备的物联网测试方法，如图1所示，首先构建虚拟设备，再以虚拟设备模拟真实的硬件设备，从而进行测试。An IoT test method for simulating hardware devices, as shown in Figure 1, first builds a virtual device, and then uses the virtual device to simulate a real hardware device for testing.
(1)获取待测设备的配置信息，配置信息至少包括通信协议信息和业务逻辑信息，根据配置信息构建对应待测设备的虚拟设备，虚拟设备中内置多个业务模块，待测设备以充电桩为例，充电桩的通讯模块通过TCP协议与云端通信，因此，充电桩与云端之间的数据传输是TCP格式的二进制报文，业务逻辑至少包括对应开启充电指令的逻辑、对应结束充电指令的逻辑，业务模块包括电量监测模块、充电开关模块、订单模块等。(1) Obtain the configuration information of the device to be tested. The configuration information includes at least communication protocol information and business logic information. According to the configuration information, a virtual device corresponding to the device to be tested is constructed. Multiple service modules are built in the virtual device. The device to be tested is a charging pile. For example, the communication module of the charging pile communicates with the cloud through the TCP protocol. Therefore, the data transmission between the charging pile and the cloud is a binary message in TCP format, and the business logic includes at least the logic corresponding to the charging start command and the corresponding charging end command. Logic, business modules include power monitoring module, charging switch module, order module, etc.
这样，使用虚拟设备代替硬件设备，对云端系统进行测试时，下发的指令由虚拟设备接收，虚拟设备根据指令控制各个业务模块，上报数据至云端，从而实现云端和硬件设备的完全解耦，硬件设备程序的开发完全不影响云端的开发和测试，对于云端来说，虚拟设备就是其管理的硬件设备。In this way, when virtual devices are used instead of hardware devices, when testing the cloud system, the commands issued are received by the virtual devices, and the virtual devices control various business modules according to the commands and report data to the cloud, thereby realizing the complete decoupling of the cloud and hardware devices. The development of hardware device programs does not affect the development and testing of the cloud at all. For the cloud, virtual devices are the hardware devices it manages.
业务逻辑与云端发送的指令相对应，内容是虚拟设备中各个业务模块的控制命令，控制命令至少包括信息上报命令、开启命令、关闭命令。The business logic corresponds to the command sent by the cloud, and the content is the control command of each business module in the virtual device. The control command at least includes an information reporting command, an opening command, and a closing command.
业务逻辑的内容还包括响应数据的格式信息，业务模块按照业务逻辑执行后得到模块响应数据，模块响应数据按照格式信息组合后得到响应数据。The content of the business logic also includes the format information of the response data. The business module obtains the module response data after executing the business logic, and the module response data is combined according to the format information to obtain the response data.
配置信息还包括数量信息，根据数量信息构建相应数量的虚拟设备，从而测试大量设备的负载均衡等。The configuration information also includes quantity information. According to the quantity information, a corresponding number of virtual devices are constructed to test the load balancing of a large number of devices.
(2)在测试过程中，虚拟设备接收云端发送的指令，根据通信协议信息解读云端发送的指令，根据指令控制业务模块执行对应的业务逻辑并得到响应数据，根据通信协议信息将响应数据上报至云端。(2) During the test, the virtual device receives the instructions sent by the cloud, interprets the instructions sent by the cloud according to the communication protocol information, controls the business module to execute the corresponding business logic and obtains the response data according to the instructions, and reports the response data to the cloud.
仍然以充电桩为例，接收到开启充电指令后，会启动充电状态、定期上报电量，更新订单状态，据此业务逻辑，虚拟设备内的业务模块响应并对应的给出数据，再将这些数据上报至云端即可。接收到结束充电指令后，会关闭充电状态、推送订单数据、结束电量上报，据此业务逻辑，虚拟设备内的业务模块响应并对应的给出数据，再将这些数据上报至云端即可。Still taking the charging pile as an example, after receiving the charging start command, it will start the charging status, report the power regularly, and update the order status. According to this business logic, the business module in the virtual device responds and gives the corresponding data, and then these data are It can be reported to the cloud. After receiving the end charging command, it will close the charging status, push the order data, and end the power report. According to the business logic, the business module in the virtual device responds and gives the corresponding data, and then reports the data to the cloud.
在接收到指令并控制业务模块实现业务逻辑时，除了上报电量、订单数据等输出外，测试过程中，业务模块还需要给出收到响应、执行成功响应等等，这些响应也需要上报到云端，便于云端的分析和测试。为了统一，每种业务逻辑下规定好响应数据的格式信息，上报到云端的数据按照规定的格式信息组合或拼接。When receiving an instruction and controlling the business module to implement business logic, in addition to reporting output such as power and order data, during the test, the business module also needs to give a received response, a successful execution response, etc. These responses also need to be reported to the cloud , which is convenient for analysis and testing in the cloud. For unification, the format information of the response data is specified under each business logic, and the data reported to the cloud is combined or spliced according to the specified format information.
(3)由于虚拟设备是一个抽象的数据模型，而TCP协议等通信协议是两个实体之间的通信，虽然也可以按照TCP通信格式实现虚拟设备与云端的通信，但是无疑会影响通信效率，而且增加了开发人员的工作量，且虚拟设备与云端之间也不需要考虑数据加密等通信安全措施，因此，直接使用通信字典。虚拟设备内置有通信字典，通信字典是根据通信协议信息定义的，虚拟设备接收到云端发送的报文后，根据通信字典将报文转化为数据，虚拟设备将响应数据上报云端时，根据通信字典将数据转化为报文。以TCP通信协议为例，二进制报文数据繁琐不易理解，如68011B00806534090036210308010CE3C9A4DE7BF4F8ABBF6C3378A9811E4736，根据TCP协议的固定报文格式，只需根据通信字典一一对应就可以快速转化为易于理解的数据。(3) Since the virtual device is an abstract data model, and the communication protocol such as the TCP protocol is the communication between two entities, although the communication between the virtual device and the cloud can also be realized according to the TCP communication format, it will undoubtedly affect the communication efficiency. Moreover, the workload of developers is increased, and there is no need to consider communication security measures such as data encryption between the virtual device and the cloud. Therefore, the communication dictionary is used directly. The virtual device has a built-in communication dictionary, and the communication dictionary is defined according to the communication protocol information. After the virtual device receives the message sent by the cloud, it converts the message into data according to the communication dictionary. When the virtual device reports the response data to the cloud, according to the communication dictionary Convert data into messages. Taking the TCP communication protocol as an example, the binary message data is cumbersome and difficult to understand, such as 68011B00806534090036210308010CE3C9A4DE7BF4F8ABBF6C3378A9811E4736. According to the fixed message format of the TCP protocol, it can be quickly converted into easy-to-understand data only by one-to-one correspondence according to the communication dictionary.
待测设备的通信协议信息中至少包括一种通信协议，虚拟设备内至少包括一个通信字典，每个通信字典对应一种通信协议。这样，可以灵活测试不同的通信协议，便于通信协议的自定义，而且，可以快速实现数据——报文以及报文——数据的转化。The communication protocol information of the device to be tested includes at least one communication protocol, the virtual device includes at least one communication dictionary, and each communication dictionary corresponds to one communication protocol. In this way, different communication protocols can be flexibly tested, which facilitates the customization of the communication protocols, and the conversion of data-message and message-data can be quickly realized.
通信字典以通信协议为基准，通过python脚本固化的方式实现，实际上，由于设置了通信字典，虚拟设备与云端之间可以通过json进行数据传输。The communication dictionary is based on the communication protocol and is implemented through the solidification of python scripts. In fact, due to the setting of the communication dictionary, data can be transmitted between the virtual device and the cloud through json.
实施例2：Example 2:
一种模拟硬件设备的物联网测试系统，包括：An IoT test system that simulates hardware devices, including:
虚拟设备，虚拟设备对应待测设备，根据待测设备的配置信息构建而成，配置信息至少包括通信协议信息和业务逻辑信息，虚拟设备中内置多个业务模块；Virtual device, the virtual device corresponds to the device under test and is constructed according to the configuration information of the device under test, the configuration information at least includes communication protocol information and business logic information, and multiple business modules are built in the virtual device;
云端，发送指令至虚拟设备并接收虚拟设备上报的数据，云端包括设备控制模块和数据处理模块，设备控制模块用于生成指令，数据处理模块用于对虚拟设备上报的数据进行处理；The cloud sends instructions to the virtual device and receives the data reported by the virtual device. The cloud includes a device control module and a data processing module. The device control module is used to generate instructions, and the data processing module is used to process the data reported by the virtual device;
显示模块，显示模块与虚拟设备和云端相连，可视化展示虚拟设备和云端的操作与业务。Display module. The display module is connected to the virtual device and the cloud, and visualizes the operations and services of the virtual device and the cloud.
本发明通过虚拟设备模拟真实的硬件设备，不影响现有逻辑的同时，可以最大限度的模拟各种硬件上报的场景，很方便的完成依赖于硬件数据上报的自动化测试覆盖，解决了云端开发和测试对硬件数据上报的依赖，不依赖于硬件设备程序开发的进度，对于云端业务的迭代可以在不依赖硬件设备的前提下，保质保量。The present invention simulates real hardware equipment through virtual equipment, without affecting the existing logic, and can simulate various hardware reporting scenarios to the maximum extent, so as to conveniently complete the automatic test coverage that depends on hardware data reporting, and solves the problem of cloud development and The test's reliance on hardware data reporting does not depend on the progress of hardware device program development. The iteration of cloud services can ensure quality and quantity without relying on hardware devices.
各个开发端(硬件，云端)的开发效率能得到极大的提升，同时对于软件迭代的稳定性方面，能很好的做到自动化数据的覆盖，在长期的软件迭代过程中，保证物联网业务正常稳定的运行，提高了在最终双方联调过程中的质量，对于产品的及时交付提供重要保障。The development efficiency of each development end (hardware, cloud) can be greatly improved, and at the same time, the stability of software iteration can be well covered by automated data, and in the long-term software iteration process, the Internet of Things business can be guaranteed. The normal and stable operation improves the quality in the final joint debugging process between the two parties, and provides an important guarantee for the timely delivery of products.
虚拟设备的可扩展性和可编辑性强，可以自定义灵活配置虚拟设备的业务模块，自定义灵活配置业务逻辑，在长期的开发迭代过程中，虚拟设备可以满足不同阶段、不同需要的测试。The virtual device has strong scalability and editability. It can customize and flexibly configure the business module of the virtual device, and customize and flexibly configure the business logic. During the long-term development iteration process, the virtual device can meet the tests of different stages and different needs.
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes according to the concept of the present invention without creative efforts. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art according to the concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims.
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