CN114884555A - Ground communication method based on satellite network - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本申请请涉及卫星通信领域，具体涉及一种基于卫星网络的地面通信方法，用于通信卫星，包括：获取通信卫星覆盖下的所有卫星终端的位置信息，保存至位置信息列表；接收位于第一波束内的第一卫星终端发送的第一空口信号；调制解调处理第一空口信号得到传输信号；根据传输信号及位置信息列表，获得第二卫星终端的所在位置；基于第二卫星终端的所在位置得到传输信号的路由信息；当第二卫星终端位于通信卫星的覆盖区域之内时，基于传输信号的路由信息，判断传输信号的处理方式；根据判断传输信号的处理方式的结果，调制解调处理传输信号得到并发送第二空口信号至第二卫星终端。

This application relates to the field of satellite communications, in particular to a ground communication method based on a satellite network for use in communication satellites, including: acquiring the location information of all satellite terminals covered by The first air interface signal sent by the first satellite terminal in the beam; the first air interface signal is modulated and demodulated to obtain the transmission signal; the location of the second satellite terminal is obtained according to the transmission signal and the list of location information; based on the location of the second satellite terminal The routing information of the transmission signal is obtained from the location; when the second satellite terminal is located within the coverage area of the communication satellite, the processing method of the transmission signal is determined based on the routing information of the transmission signal; according to the result of judging the processing method of the transmission signal, the modulation and demodulation The transmission signal is processed to obtain and send the second air interface signal to the second satellite terminal.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种基于卫星网络的地面通信方法A kind of ground communication method based on satellite network

技术领域technical field

本申请涉及卫星通信领域，具体涉及一种基于卫星网络的地面通信方法。The present application relates to the field of satellite communications, and in particular, to a ground communication method based on a satellite network.

背景技术Background technique

目前，传统卫星通信系统多采用卫星上透明处理信号和资源预分配的工作模式为用户提供点到点数据传输服务，无法支持海量用户的随机接入和移动性管理。DVB-S2X标准提供了物理层和MAC层协议，但是缺少多用户接入和移动性管理高层协议，且不能很好地支持基于星间链的星座网络。而Sat5G提出的卫星通信与5G NR技术融合的解决方案，是基于卫星上透明转发，地面进行信号处理的工作模式，存在星地信号传输时延较大问题。At present, traditional satellite communication systems mostly use the working mode of transparent signal processing and resource pre-allocation on satellites to provide users with point-to-point data transmission services, but cannot support random access and mobility management of massive users. The DVB-S2X standard provides physical layer and MAC layer protocols, but lacks multi-user access and mobility management high-level protocols, and cannot well support constellation networks based on inter-satellite links. The solution proposed by Sat5G for the integration of satellite communication and 5G NR technology is based on the working mode of transparent forwarding on the satellite and signal processing on the ground. There is a large delay in satellite-to-ground signal transmission.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

基于此，本申请提供了一种基于卫星网络的地面通信方法，解决了一些场景下星地信号传输时延较大问题。Based on this, the present application provides a terrestrial communication method based on a satellite network, which solves the problem of relatively large transmission delay of satellite-to-ground signals in some scenarios.

根据本申请的一方面，According to one aspect of the present application,

本申请的有益效果：Beneficial effects of this application:

根据一些实施例，本申请提出的方法使空口信号的调制解调步骤在卫星上进行，减少了星地信号传输的次数，从而减少了信号的传输时延。According to some embodiments, the method proposed in this application enables the modulation and demodulation steps of the air interface signal to be performed on the satellite, which reduces the number of satellite-to-ground signal transmissions, thereby reducing the signal transmission delay.

附图说明Description of drawings

为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图，而并不超出本申请要求保护的范围。In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the following briefly introduces the drawings that are used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without exceeding the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

图1示出根据一实施例的基于卫星网络的地面通信方法的现有技术的示意图。FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the prior art of a satellite network-based terrestrial communication method according to an embodiment.

图2示出根据示例实施例的一种基于卫星网络的地面通信方法的流程图。FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a satellite network-based terrestrial communication method according to an example embodiment.

图3示出根据示例实施例的一种基于卫星网络的地面通信方法的框图。3 shows a block diagram of a satellite network-based terrestrial communication method according to an example embodiment.

图4示出根据示例实施例的一种用于通信卫星的通信系统的框图。4 illustrates a block diagram of a communication system for a communication satellite, according to an example embodiment.

图5示出根据一实施例的5G NR网络构架的框图。Figure 5 shows a block diagram of a 5G NR network architecture according to an embodiment.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例实施例。然而，示例实施例能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的实施例；相反，提供这些实施例使得本申请将全面和完整，并将示例实施例的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。在图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的部分，因而将省略对它们的重复描述。Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments, however, can be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus their repeated descriptions will be omitted.

所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合在一个或更多实施例中。在下面的描述中，提供许多具体细节从而给出对本公开的实施例的充分理解。然而，本领域技术人员将意识到，可以实践本公开的技术方案而没有这些特定细节中的一个或更多，或者可以采用其它的方式、组元、材料、装置或等。在这些情况下，将不详细示出或描述公知结构、方法、装置、实现、材料或者操作。The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided in order to give a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure. However, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the technical solutions of the present disclosure may be practiced without one or more of these specific details, or with other ways, components, materials, devices, or the like. In these instances, well-known structures, methods, devices, implementations, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail.

附图中所示的流程图仅是示例性说明，不是必须包括所有的内容和操作/步骤，也不是必须按所描述的顺序执行。例如，有的操作/步骤还可以分解，而有的操作/步骤可以合并或部分合并，因此实际执行的顺序有可能根据实际情况改变。The flowcharts shown in the figures are only exemplary illustrations and do not necessarily include all contents and operations/steps, nor do they have to be performed in the order described. For example, some operations/steps can be decomposed, and some operations/steps can be combined or partially combined, so the actual execution order may be changed according to the actual situation.

本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其他步骤或单元。The terms "first", "second" and the like in the description and claims of the present application and the above drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally also includes unlisted steps or units, or optionally also includes For other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

目前的卫星通信网络通常采用信号卫星上透明转发的处理模式，使得对于空口信号的调制解调需要经由信关站才能完成，因此，在通信时信号可能需要经历多次星地间传送才能送达目的终端，存在星地传输时延较大问题。The current satellite communication network usually adopts the processing mode of transparent forwarding on the signal satellite, so that the modulation and demodulation of the air interface signal needs to be completed through the gateway station. Therefore, during communication, the signal may need to go through multiple satellite-to-ground transmissions before it can be delivered. The destination terminal has the problem of large satellite-to-ground transmission delay.

基于此，本申请提供了一种基于卫星网络的地面通信方法使空口信号的调制解调步骤在卫星上进行，减少了星地信号传输的次数，从而减少解决了在一些场景下星地信号传输时延较大问题。Based on this, the present application provides a ground communication method based on a satellite network, so that the modulation and demodulation steps of air interface signals are performed on the satellite, which reduces the number of satellite-to-ground signal transmissions, thereby reducing the problem of satellite-to-ground signal transmission in some scenarios. Large delay problem.

图1示出根据一实施例的基于卫星网络的地面通信方法的现有技术的示意图。FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the prior art of a satellite network-based terrestrial communication method according to an embodiment.

根据一实施例，现有卫星通信技术中的通信卫星对空口信号只做透明转发，透明转发意为不对信号做任何处理，只是转送，因此即使在端对端通信情况下空口信号也需要经过第一卫星终端——通信卫星——信关站的过程以完成第一空口信号的调制解调，再经过信关站——通信卫星——第二卫星终端以送达第二空口信号，如此会使无线信号经历4次由地面到天空的传输。根据一实施例，承载无线信号的电磁波传播速度为光速，光速约为3×10⁸m/s，大多数通信卫星高度通常在数万千米高度，对地同步卫星高度约在35786km，根据这些值可以大致算出电磁波经历4次天地折返所消耗的理论时间约为0.477s，即477ms，附加上信号处理时间及实际客观情况的制约，延迟时间一般可达约700ms。According to an embodiment, the communication satellite in the existing satellite communication technology only transparently forwards the air interface signal. Transparent forwarding means that the signal is not processed, but only forwarded. Therefore, even in the case of end-to-end communication, the air interface signal needs to pass through the first A satellite terminal - communication satellite - gateway station process to complete the modulation and demodulation of the first air interface signal, and then through the gateway station - communication satellite - second satellite terminal to deliver the second air interface signal, so will Make the wireless signal go through 4 transmissions from the ground to the sky. According to an embodiment, the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave carrying the wireless signal is the speed of light, and the speed of light is about 3×10⁸ m/s. It can be roughly calculated that the theoretical time consumed by the electromagnetic wave through 4 times of sky-earth reentry is about 0.477s, that is, 477ms. In addition to the constraints of signal processing time and actual objective conditions, the delay time can generally reach about 700ms.

图2示出根据示例实施例的一种基于卫星网络的地面通信方法的流程图。FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a satellite network-based terrestrial communication method according to an example embodiment.

如图1所示，在S201，获取通信卫星覆盖下的所有卫星终端的位置信息，保存至位置信息列表。As shown in FIG. 1 , in S201 , the location information of all satellite terminals covered by the communication satellite is acquired, and stored in a location information list.

根据示例实施例，参考图3的框图，其中的虚拟网元AMF(Access and MobilityManagement Function)，即为接入及移动性管理功能，也为接入及移动性管理单元，用于执行本步骤。用于在通信卫星上直接处理卫星内已接入卫星终端在波束间的重选、切换、链路重建等移动性事件，还用于记录所有直接或间接通信相连的通信卫星下的所有卫星终端的位置信息，该卫星终端的位置信息包括卫星终端所被覆盖的通信卫星及波束。According to an exemplary embodiment, referring to the block diagram of FIG. 3 , the virtual network element AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function), which is an access and mobility management function and an access and mobility management unit, is used to perform this step. It is used to directly process the mobility events such as reselection, handover, link re-establishment between beams of the satellite terminals connected to the satellite on the communication satellite, and is also used to record all satellite terminals under all communication satellites directly or indirectly connected by communication. The location information of the satellite terminal includes the communication satellites and beams covered by the satellite terminal.

根据示例实施例，所有通信卫星的AMF收集本卫星内的卫星终端的位置信息后传输至信关站的核心网，再由信关站的核心网同步给每个AMF所有通信卫星的全部卫星终端的位置信息。According to the exemplary embodiment, the AMFs of all communication satellites collect the location information of the satellite terminals in the satellite and transmit it to the core network of the gateway station, and then the core network of the gateway station synchronizes to all satellite terminals of all communication satellites of each AMF location information.

在S202，接收位于第一波束内的第一卫星终端发送的第一空口信号。In S202, a first air interface signal sent by a first satellite terminal located in a first beam is received.

根据示例实施例，波束为用于分割同一卫星覆盖下传输信号的“区域”，该“区域”不限于空间范畴，例如可以有时分(time division，即时间划分)、频分(frequencydivision，即频率划分)、码分(code division，即编码划分)、域分(区域划分)的波束，由通信卫星定义，以此可以将不同的信号区分开来，在波束覆盖内的卫星终端方可同通信卫星通信。According to an example embodiment, a beam is an "area" used to divide a transmission signal under the same satellite coverage, and the "area" is not limited to a spatial category, for example, it can be time division (time division), frequency division (frequency division) Division), code division (code division), and domain division (area division) beams are defined by communication satellites, so that different signals can be distinguished, and satellite terminals within the beam coverage can communicate with each other. Satellite Communications.

根据示例实施例，对于同一卫星，可以产生多个波束，该第一波束为覆盖第一卫星终端的波束，也就是第一卫星终端所在的波束，后不再赘述。According to the exemplary embodiment, for the same satellite, multiple beams may be generated, and the first beam is a beam covering the first satellite terminal, that is, the beam where the first satellite terminal is located, which will not be described again.

根据示例实施例，卫星终端为与卫星直接通信的终端，可以为例如一车载卫星终端，该第一卫星终端在本申请实施例中为卫星通信的发起方，与之对应的第二卫星终端则为卫星通信的参与方，即第一卫星终端建立卫星通信的目标连接方，后不再赘述。According to the exemplary embodiment, the satellite terminal is a terminal that communicates directly with the satellite, and may be, for example, a vehicle-mounted satellite terminal. The first satellite terminal is the initiator of satellite communication in the embodiment of the present application, and the corresponding second satellite terminal Establishing a satellite communication target connection party for the satellite communication participant, that is, the first satellite terminal, will not be repeated hereafter.

根据示例实施例，参考图3的框图，此卫星终端在其中对应于UE(UserEquipment)，即用户设备。According to an example embodiment, referring to the block diagram of FIG. 3 , this satellite terminal corresponds therein to UE (UserEquipment), ie user equipment.

根据示例实施例，空口即为“空中接口(Air Interface)”，是一种用于移动设备传输的通信链路，在OSI模型中涉及物理层及链路层。其物理连接通常基于无线广播信号，为例如基站和移动端提供点到点的链接。According to an example embodiment, an air interface is an "Air Interface", which is a communication link for mobile device transmission, involving physical layer and link layer in the OSI model. The physical connection is usually based on wireless broadcast signals, providing point-to-point links for eg base stations and mobile terminals.

根据示例实施例，空口信号为模拟信号，只支持点到点传输，例如卫星终端到通信卫星，不具备信号路由功能。According to an example embodiment, the air interface signal is an analog signal, only supports point-to-point transmission, such as a satellite terminal to a communication satellite, and does not have a signal routing function.

根据示例实施例，参考图3的框图，其中在卫星上的AAU(Active Antenna Unit)即为有源天线处理单元，用于接收卫星终端发送的空口信号，还用于发送空口信号至卫星终端。According to an exemplary embodiment, referring to the block diagram of FIG. 3 , the AAU (Active Antenna Unit) on the satellite is an active antenna processing unit, used to receive air interface signals sent by the satellite terminal, and also used to send air interface signals to the satellite terminal.

在S203，调制解调处理第一空口信号得到传输信号。In S203, the first air interface signal is modulated and demodulated to obtain a transmission signal.

根据示例实施例，参考图3的框图，其中的DU(Distributed Unit)即为分布式处理单元，该分布式处理单元可以实现在卫星上调制解调空口信号得到传输信号，实时解析卫星终端与卫星之间的信息交互。According to an exemplary embodiment, referring to the block diagram of FIG. 3 , the DU (Distributed Unit) is a distributed processing unit. The distributed processing unit can modulate and demodulate the air interface signal on the satellite to obtain the transmission signal, and analyze the satellite terminal and the satellite in real time. information exchange between them.

根据示例实施例，在AAU接收到第一卫星终端发送的第一空口信号后，发送至DU进行信号的调制解调处理。该步骤在传统的卫星通信中由信关站执行，这种处理模式意味着位于地面的卫星终端发送的空口信号至少需要经历2倍的地面到通信卫星的距离才能完成调制解调处理，即卫星终端(地面)——通信卫星——信关站(地面)，卫星通信系统产生的通信时延主要是由于电磁波的长距离传输导致的，而本申请提供的方法在此步骤只经历一次从地面到通信卫星的距离即可完成该空口信号的调制解调处理，提升了空口信号交互和无线资源调度效率以及频谱利用率，降低了通信延时，并因此还能够提升时钟同步精度。According to the exemplary embodiment, after the AAU receives the first air interface signal sent by the first satellite terminal, it sends the signal to the DU for modulation and demodulation processing of the signal. This step is performed by the gateway station in traditional satellite communication. This processing mode means that the air interface signal sent by the satellite terminal located on the ground needs to go through at least twice the distance from the ground to the communication satellite to complete the modulation and demodulation processing, that is, the satellite Terminal (ground) - communication satellite - gateway station (ground), the communication delay generated by the satellite communication system is mainly caused by the long-distance transmission of electromagnetic waves, and the method provided in this application only experiences one time from the ground in this step. The modulation and demodulation processing of the air interface signal can be completed within the distance to the communication satellite, which improves the air interface signal interaction and wireless resource scheduling efficiency and spectrum utilization, reduces the communication delay, and thus improves the clock synchronization accuracy.

根据示例实施例，空口信号经调制解调处理后生成的传输信号为数字信号，被封装成数据包后可实现在通信卫星间以及通信卫星到信关站的路由转发，相比较类型为模拟信号的空口信号而言，具有更高的传输自由度，可以以此为基础对处理与传输过程进行优化。According to the exemplary embodiment, the transmission signal generated after the air interface signal is processed by modulation and demodulation is a digital signal, and after being encapsulated into a data packet, routing and forwarding between communication satellites and between communication satellites and a gateway station can be realized, compared with analog signals. For the air interface signal, it has a higher degree of freedom of transmission, and can optimize the processing and transmission process based on this.

在S205，根据传输信号及位置信息列表，获得第二卫星终端的所在位置。At S205, the location of the second satellite terminal is obtained according to the transmission signal and the location information list.

根据示例实施例，传输信号中封装有其传输目的地即第二卫星终端，结合前述的位置信息列表，即可寻找到第二卫星终端的所在位置，即其所位于的通信卫星及波束覆盖信息。According to the exemplary embodiment, the transmission signal is encapsulated with its transmission destination, that is, the second satellite terminal. Combined with the aforementioned location information list, the location of the second satellite terminal, that is, the communication satellite where it is located and beam coverage information can be found. .

根据一实施例，第二卫星终端可以与第一卫星终端处于同一通信卫星下的同一波束内。According to an embodiment, the second satellite terminal may be in the same beam under the same communication satellite as the first satellite terminal.

根据另一实施例，第二卫星终端还可以与第一卫星终端处于同一通信卫星下的不同波束内。According to another embodiment, the second satellite terminal may also be in a different beam under the same communication satellite as the first satellite terminal.

根据另一实施例，第二卫星终端还可以位于与第一卫星终端不同的通信卫星覆盖下。According to another embodiment, the second satellite terminal may also be located under the coverage of a different communication satellite than the first satellite terminal.

根据示例实施例，前述AMF为执行此步骤的主体。According to an example embodiment, the aforementioned AMF is the subject performing this step.

在S207，基于第二卫星终端的所在位置得到传输信号的路由信息。At S207, the routing information of the transmission signal is obtained based on the location of the second satellite terminal.

根据示例实施例，得到第二卫星终端所在位置后即可根据策略得到由当前通信卫星到第二卫星终端所在卫星的星间路由路径，即路由信息。According to the exemplary embodiment, after obtaining the location of the second satellite terminal, the inter-satellite routing path from the current communication satellite to the satellite where the second satellite terminal is located, that is, routing information, can be obtained according to the strategy.

根据示例实施例，参考图3的框图，其中SMF(Session Management Function)，即会话管理功能，也为会话管理单元，用于执行本步骤。其功能包括在通信卫星上处理用户的寻呼、寻址、通话建立、承载切换等，还可以用于控制路由路径至信关站。According to an exemplary embodiment, referring to the block diagram of FIG. 3 , wherein an SMF (Session Management Function), that is, a session management function, is also a session management unit, and is used to perform this step. Its functions include processing the user's paging, addressing, call establishment, bearer switching, etc. on the communication satellite, and can also be used to control the routing path to the gateway.

在S209，当第二卫星终端位于通信卫星的覆盖区域之内时，基于传输信号的路由信息，判断传输信号的处理方式。In S209, when the second satellite terminal is located within the coverage area of the communication satellite, the processing method of the transmission signal is determined based on the routing information of the transmission signal.

根据示例实施例，参考图3的框图，其中UPF(User Plane Function)，即用户面功能，也为用户面单元，用于执行本步骤。其功能包括实现通信卫星内、通信卫星间的分组路由和转发，以及用户面部分策略规则实施(链路门控，流量转向)等。According to an exemplary embodiment, referring to the block diagram of FIG. 3 , wherein UPF (User Plane Function), that is, a user plane function, is also a user plane unit, and is used to perform this step. Its functions include implementing packet routing and forwarding within and between communication satellites, and implementing some policy rules on the user plane (link gating, traffic steering).

在S211，根据判断传输信号的处理方式的结果，调制解调传输信号得到并发送第二空口信号至第二卫星终端。In S211, according to the result of judging the processing mode of the transmission signal, modulate and demodulate the transmission signal to obtain and send the second air interface signal to the second satellite terminal.

根据示例实施例，参考图3的框图，其中CU(Centralized Unit)即为集中处理单元，用于执行本步骤。其功能包括实现在通信卫星上处理基于跳波束的波束内用户移动性事件管理与通信卫星内无线资源分配，并实现终端呼叫接纳控制例如通信卫星终端间的通信。通信卫星间的信号传送通过CU进行，通过星间链(Inter-Satellite Link)承载CU之间的Xn逻辑接口。星间链，Xn逻辑接口，均为本领域公知常识，此处不再赘述。According to an exemplary embodiment, referring to the block diagram of FIG. 3 , where a CU (Centralized Unit) is a centralized processing unit, which is used to perform this step. Its functions include implementing beam-hopping-based intra-beam user mobility event management and radio resource allocation in the communication satellite on the communication satellite, and realizing terminal call admission control such as communication between communication satellite terminals. Signal transmission between communication satellites is carried out through the CU, and the Xn logical interface between the CUs is carried through the Inter-Satellite Link. Interstellar chain and Xn logical interface are all common knowledge in the art, and will not be repeated here.

根据示例实施例，本申请实施例中的第二空口信号为第二卫星终端接收的空口信号，后不再赘述。According to the exemplary embodiment, the second air interface signal in the embodiment of the present application is an air interface signal received by the second satellite terminal, which will not be described again.

根据示例实施例，接前述，即当CU接收到DU调制解调后的传输信号，依据AMF和SMF找到第二卫星终端的位置，且第二卫星终端与第一卫星终端处于同一通信卫星的同一波束覆盖下时，CU结合UPF将传输信号发送给DU，由DU调制解调为第二空口信号，再通过AAU发送至位于同一波束即前述第一波束内的第二卫星终端。According to the exemplary embodiment, following the foregoing, that is, when the CU receives the modulated and demodulated transmission signal of the DU, the position of the second satellite terminal is found according to AMF and SMF, and the second satellite terminal and the first satellite terminal are located in the same communication satellite. When the beam is covered, the CU combines with the UPF to send the transmission signal to the DU, and the DU modulates and demodulates it into a second air interface signal, and then sends it to the second satellite terminal located in the same beam, that is, the first beam, through the AAU.

根据示例实施例，当CU接收到DU调制解调后的传输信号，依据AMF和SMF找到第二卫星终端，且第二卫星终端与第一卫星终端处于同一通信卫星的不同波束覆盖下时，例如第二卫星终端在同一通信卫星中的与前述第一波束不同的第二波束中，CU结合UPF将传输信号发送给DU，由DU调制解调为第二空口信号，再通过AAU发送至位于第二波束内的第二卫星终端。According to the exemplary embodiment, when the CU receives the modulated and demodulated transmission signal of the DU, finds the second satellite terminal according to AMF and SMF, and the second satellite terminal and the first satellite terminal are under different beam coverage of the same communication satellite, for example The second satellite terminal is in a second beam different from the first beam in the same communication satellite. The CU combines with the UPF to send the transmission signal to the DU, and the DU modulates and demodulates it into a second air interface signal, and then sends it to the second air interface signal through the AAU. A second satellite terminal within the second beam.

根据示例实施例，当CU接收到DU调制解调后的传输信号，依据AMF和SMF找到第二卫星终端，且第二卫星终端与第一卫星终端处于不同的通信卫星即第二通信卫星的覆盖下时。根据一实施例，第二通信卫星可能与原通信卫星不相邻，即第二通信卫星的CU无法与原通信卫星的CU直接通信，那么原通信卫星的CU集合UPF将传输信号发往链路中的下一个通信卫星的CU，依次传递，直到抵达第二通信卫星的CU，第二通信卫星的CU结合UPF将传输信号发送给其DU，由其DU调制解调为第二空口信号，再通过第二通信卫星的AAU发送至位于第二通信卫星的波束内的第二卫星终端。According to the exemplary embodiment, when the CU receives the modulated and demodulated transmission signal of the DU, it finds the second satellite terminal according to AMF and SMF, and the second satellite terminal and the first satellite terminal are in the coverage of a different communication satellite, namely the second communication satellite next time. According to an embodiment, the second communication satellite may not be adjacent to the original communication satellite, that is, the CU of the second communication satellite cannot directly communicate with the CU of the original communication satellite, then the CU set UPF of the original communication satellite sends the transmission signal to the link The CU of the next communication satellite in the CU is transmitted in turn until it reaches the CU of the second communication satellite. The CU of the second communication satellite combines the UPF to send the transmission signal to its DU, and the DU is modulated and demodulated into the second air interface signal, and then The AAU via the second communication satellite is transmitted to a second satellite terminal located within the beam of the second communication satellite.

根据示例实施例，前述实施例描述的场景应用于端对端通信，如果卫星终端需要访问信关站的核心网资源，那么在DU调制解调空口信号得到传输信号后，需要CU结合SMF将传输信号发送至地面的信关站。According to the exemplary embodiment, the scenarios described in the foregoing embodiments are applied to end-to-end communication. If the satellite terminal needs to access the core network resources of the gateway station, after the DU modulates and demodulates the air interface signal to obtain the transmission signal, the CU needs to combine the SMF to transmit the transmission signal. The signal is sent to the gateway station on the ground.

根据示例实施例，接前述步骤，当地面的信关站返回信号时，需要由CU接收信关站发送的传输信号，由DU调制解调得到空口信号，再通过AAU发送回卫星终端。According to the exemplary embodiment, following the above steps, when the ground gateway station returns a signal, the CU needs to receive the transmission signal sent by the gateway station, obtain the air interface signal by DU modulation and demodulation, and then send it back to the satellite terminal through the AAU.

根据示例实施例，参见前述图1所示的现有技术的示意图，本申请提供的方法中无线信号经历了2次由地面到天空的传输，相比较于现有技术至少优化了一半的传输距离，因此降低了整体的通信时延。According to an exemplary embodiment, referring to the schematic diagram of the prior art shown in the aforementioned FIG. 1 , in the method provided by the present application, the wireless signal undergoes two transmissions from the ground to the sky, and at least half of the transmission distance is optimized compared to the prior art , thus reducing the overall communication delay.

根据示例实施例，本申请将AAU和DU上通信卫星，实现了空口数字信号的调制和解调在通信卫星上完成，降低传输时延。CU上通信卫星，实现了通信卫星单波束内的无线资源管理。AMF功能上通信卫星，实现了通信卫星内管理卫星终端在卫星内多波束间的移动性事件(重选、切换、重建等)。UPF与SMF上通信卫星，实现了通信卫星内完成同卫星覆盖的卫星终端间的寻呼和实现无信关站转发的通信卫星间数据交换。According to the exemplary embodiment, the present application implements the modulation and demodulation of air interface digital signals on the communication satellite by placing the AAU and DU on the communication satellite, thereby reducing the transmission delay. The communication satellite on the CU realizes the wireless resource management in the single beam of the communication satellite. AMF functions on the communication satellite, and realizes the management of the mobility events (reselection, handover, reconstruction, etc.) of the satellite terminal between the multi-beams in the satellite in the communication satellite. UPF and SMF are connected to communication satellites to realize paging between satellite terminals covered by the same satellite in the communication satellite and data exchange between communication satellites without gateway station forwarding.

根据示例实施例，本申请还通过信关站的核心网边缘部署，实现了通信卫星上处理卫星终端移动性事件、卫星终端寻呼事件等功能，以及实现了通信卫星间不通过信关站转发，直接进行数据交换的功能。According to the exemplary embodiment, the present application also realizes the functions of processing satellite terminal mobility events, satellite terminal paging events, etc. on the communication satellite through the core network edge deployment of the gateway station, and realizes that the communication satellites are not forwarded through the gateway station. , the function of direct data exchange.

根据一些实施例，当第二卫星终端处于其他通信卫星的覆盖下时，现有卫星通信中，在寻找第二卫星终端的经历过程是，第一卫星终端——通信卫星——第一信关站——第二信关站——第二通信卫星——第二卫星终端，即无线信号在通往第二通信卫星过程中，需要在第一信关站转换为有线信号，并经历有线传输传送到第二信关站，如此大大增加了信号的处理时长及传输距离，本申请的方法在此场景下可以借助通信卫星间的星间链进行通信以大大减少无线信号的处理时长及传输距离。According to some embodiments, when the second satellite terminal is under the coverage of other communication satellites, in the existing satellite communication, the process of searching for the second satellite terminal is as follows: the first satellite terminal—the communication satellite—the first gateway Station - the second gateway station - the second communication satellite - the second satellite terminal, that is, the wireless signal needs to be converted into a wired signal at the first gateway station in the process of leading to the second communication satellite, and undergo wired transmission It is transmitted to the second gateway station, which greatly increases the processing time and transmission distance of the signal. In this scenario, the method of the present application can use the inter-satellite link between communication satellites to communicate to greatly reduce the processing time and transmission distance of wireless signals. .

根据一实施例，参见图5，本申请中实施例的方法可参照5G NR的网络架构以及其中的网元而实现。According to an embodiment, referring to FIG. 5 , the methods in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented with reference to the network architecture of 5G NR and the network elements therein.

图4示出根据示例实施例的一种用于通信卫星的通信系统的框图。4 illustrates a block diagram of a communication system for a communication satellite, according to an example embodiment.

如图4所示，该用于通信卫星的通信系统包括接入及移动性管理单元401，有源天线处理单元403，分布式处理单元405，会话管理单元407，用户面单元409，集中处理单元411，其中：As shown in FIG. 4 , the communication system for communication satellites includes an access andmobility management unit 401, an activeantenna processing unit 403, a distributedprocessing unit 405, asession management unit 407, auser plane unit 409, and acentralized processing unit 411, of which:

接入及移动性管理单元401，获取通信卫星覆盖下的所有卫星终端的位置信息，保存至位置信息列表。The access andmobility management unit 401 acquires the location information of all satellite terminals covered by the communication satellite, and saves it in the location information list.

有源天线处理单元403，接收位于第一波束内的第一卫星终端发送的第一空口信号。The activeantenna processing unit 403 receives the first air interface signal sent by the first satellite terminal located in the first beam.

分布式处理单元405，调制解调处理第一空口信号得到传输信号。The distributedprocessing unit 405 modulates and demodulates the first air interface signal to obtain a transmission signal.

接入及移动性管理单元401，还根据传输信号及位置信息列表，获得第二卫星终端的所在位置。The access andmobility management unit 401 also obtains the location of the second satellite terminal according to the transmission signal and the location information list.

会话管理单元407，基于第二卫星终端的所在位置得到传输信号的路由信息。Thesession management unit 407 obtains routing information of the transmission signal based on the location of the second satellite terminal.

用户面单元409，当第二卫星终端位于通信卫星的覆盖区域之内时，基于传输信号的路由信息，判断述传输信号的处理方式。Theuser plane unit 409, when the second satellite terminal is located within the coverage area of the communication satellite, determines the processing method of the transmission signal based on the routing information of the transmission signal.

集中处理单元411，根据判断传输信号的处理方式的结果，调制解调处理传输信号得到并发送第二空口信号至第二卫星终端。Thecentralized processing unit 411, according to the result of judging the processing mode of the transmission signal, modulates and demodulates the transmission signal to obtain and sends the second air interface signal to the second satellite terminal.

该系统执行与前面提供的方法类似的功能，其他功能可参见前面的描述，此处不再赘述。The system performs similar functions to the method provided above, and other functions can be referred to the above description, which will not be repeated here.

以上对本申请实施例进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明仅用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想。同时，本领域技术人员依据本申请的思想，基于本申请的具体实施方式及应用范围上做出的改变或变形之处，都属于本申请保护的范围。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。The embodiments of the present application are described in detail above, and specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the methods and core ideas of the present application. Meanwhile, any changes or deformations made by those skilled in the art based on the ideas of the present application and the specific embodiments and application scope of the present application fall within the protection scope of the present application. In conclusion, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation on the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A ground communication method based on a satellite network is used for a communication satellite and comprises the following steps:

acquiring the position information of all satellite terminals under the coverage of the communication satellite, and storing the position information into a position information list;

receiving a first air interface signal sent by a first satellite terminal in a first wave beam;

modulating and demodulating the first air interface signal to obtain a transmission signal;

obtaining the position of a second satellite terminal according to the transmission signal and the position information list;

obtaining routing information of the transmission signal based on the position of the second satellite terminal;

when the second satellite terminal is positioned in the coverage area of the communication satellite, judging the processing mode of the transmission signal based on the routing information of the transmission signal;

and modulating and demodulating the transmission signal according to the result of judging the processing mode of the transmission signal to obtain and send a second air interface signal to the second satellite terminal.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

and acquiring the position information of all other satellite terminals under the coverage of the communication satellite directly or indirectly connected with the communication satellite, and storing the position information to the position information list.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:

and when the second satellite terminal is positioned outside the coverage area of the communication satellite, sending the transmission signal to a second communication satellite based on the routing information of the transmission signal, wherein the coverage area of the second communication satellite comprises the position of the second satellite terminal.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the second communication satellite is configured to modulate and demodulate the transmission signal to obtain a second air interface signal, and send the second air interface signal to the second satellite terminal.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said modem demodulating the transmission signal to obtain and transmitting a second air interface signal to the second satellite terminal based on the routing information of the transmission signal when the second satellite terminal is located within the coverage area of the communication satellite comprises:

and when the second satellite terminal is located in the first beam, modulating and demodulating the transmission signal to obtain a second air interface signal and sending the second air interface signal to the second satellite terminal located in the first beam.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said modulating and demodulating said transmission signal to obtain and send a second air interface signal to said second satellite terminal based on routing information of said transmission signal when said second satellite terminal is located within a coverage area of said communication satellite, further comprises:

and when the second satellite terminal is located in a second beam, modulating and demodulating the transmission signal to obtain and send a second air interface signal to the second satellite terminal located in the second beam, where the second beam is another beam different from the first beam.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein after obtaining the routing information of the transmission signal based on the location of the second satellite terminal, further comprising:

and sending the transmission signal to a gateway station based on the routing information.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving the forwarding transmission signal and the forwarding routing information sent by other communication satellites or gateway stations;

based on the forwarding routing information, modulating and demodulating the forwarding transmission signal to obtain a forwarding empty signal;

and sending the transfer air interface signal to the satellite terminal.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein after receiving the forwarded transmission signal and forwarded routing information from the other communication satellite or gateway station, further comprising:

sending the forwarded transmission signal to a second communication satellite based on the forwarded routing information.

10. A communication system for a communication satellite, comprising:

the access and mobility management unit is used for acquiring the position information of all satellite terminals under the coverage of the communication satellite and storing the position information into a position information list;

the active antenna processing unit is used for receiving a first air interface signal sent by a first satellite terminal in a first wave beam;

the distributed processing unit is used for modulating, demodulating and processing the first air interface signal to obtain a transmission signal;

the access and mobility management unit further obtains the position of the second satellite terminal according to the transmission signal and the position information list;

the session management unit is used for obtaining the routing information of the transmission signal based on the position of the second satellite terminal;

a user plane unit, which judges the processing mode of the transmission signal based on the routing information of the transmission signal when the second satellite terminal is located in the coverage area of the communication satellite;

and the centralized processing unit is used for modulating, demodulating and processing the transmission signal to obtain a second air interface signal and sending the second air interface signal to the second satellite terminal according to the result of judging the processing mode of the transmission signal.

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