CN114867184B - Compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device and application thereof - Google Patents
Compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device and application thereofDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种可以提供多种离子的紧凑型加速器治疗装置及其应用，属于医疗设备技术领域。The invention relates to a compact accelerator treatment device capable of providing various ions and its application, belonging to the technical field of medical equipment.
背景技术Background technique
加速器治疗装置可实现对肿瘤细胞的精准杀灭，是国际上最为尖端的放疗技术，经过60多年的发展，世界上正在运营和在建的医用质子、重离子加速器治疗装置已经超过100台，发挥出巨大的应用潜力。但是，当前加速器治疗装置全面市场化推广中还存在这一些困难，其中最为突出的是装置规模庞大、性能较低以及能耗过高。Accelerator therapy devices can achieve precise killing of tumor cells. It is the most advanced radiotherapy technology in the world. After more than 60 years of development, there are more than 100 medical proton and heavy ion accelerator therapy devices in operation and under construction in the world. great application potential. However, there are still some difficulties in the current comprehensive market promotion of accelerator therapy devices, among which the most prominent ones are the large scale of the device, low performance and high energy consumption.
直线加速器是离子治疗装置的注入器，传统的直线加速器装置核心加速部分都是由独立的RFQ和DTL组成，它们之间存在一定长度的横向和纵向匹配段，这种组合方式导致直线加速器紧凑度和性价比非常有限，主要表现为以下几个方面：1)传统的质子重离子直线加速器，高频腔体的工作频率相对比较低(＜200MHz)，这就导致腔体尺寸比较大，加速梯度和加速效率有限，整体性价比不高；2)由于RFQ和DTL高频腔体是独立工作，它们之间需要一定长度的横向和纵向匹配段来实现TWISS参数的匹配。横向匹配段主要由外置的三个四极磁铁组成，而纵向匹配还需要一台聚束器，这样的设计无疑增加了直线加速器的长度，极大地限制了直线加速器的紧凑度；3)由于传统直线加速器设计长度的局限性，直线加速器作为同步环的注入器时很难放置在紧凑型同步环内部，只能放置在同步环外部，不能有效节约整个加速器装置的土建占地面积。The linear accelerator is the injector of the ion therapy device. The core acceleration part of the traditional linear accelerator device is composed of independent RFQ and DTL. There is a certain length of horizontal and vertical matching sections between them. This combination leads to the compactness of the linear accelerator. The cost performance is very limited, mainly in the following aspects: 1) In the traditional proton heavy ion linear accelerator, the operating frequency of the high-frequency cavity is relatively low (<200MHz), which leads to a relatively large cavity size, and the acceleration gradient and The acceleration efficiency is limited, and the overall cost performance is not high; 2) Since the RFQ and DTL high-frequency cavities work independently, a certain length of horizontal and vertical matching sections are required between them to achieve the matching of TWISS parameters. The horizontal matching section is mainly composed of three external quadrupole magnets, while the longitudinal matching also requires a buncher, which undoubtedly increases the length of the linear accelerator and greatly limits the compactness of the linear accelerator; 3) due to Due to the limitation of the design length of the traditional linear accelerator, it is difficult to place the linear accelerator inside the compact synchronous ring when it is used as the injector of the synchronous ring. It can only be placed outside the synchronous ring, which cannot effectively save the civil construction area of the entire accelerator device.
光学设计是同步加速器设计最核心的内容，它的周长直接关系到装置的规模和占地面积，如何获得更短周长是国际上同步加速器设计的一个热点方向。目前日本同类装置周长63m，欧洲同类装置75m，我国首台自主知识产权的武威重离子治疗装置(HIMM)周长为56m。Optical design is the core content of synchrotron design. Its perimeter is directly related to the scale and footprint of the device. How to obtain a shorter perimeter is a hot topic in the design of synchrotrons in the world. At present, the circumference of similar devices in Japan is 63m, and that in Europe is 75m. The circumference of my country's first Wuwei Heavy Ion Therapy Device (HIMM) with independent intellectual property rights is 56m.
同步加速器的电源直接将电网电能转换后按照设定电流曲线驱动磁铁，受限于配电和电源成本，一般二极铁主磁场以1T/s以下甚至是0.5T/s以下的速度变化，慢引出同步加速器一个运行周期内大部分时间用于磁场上升下降，引出束流占空比低。例如甘肃省武威市的癌症治疗装置HIMM，一个运行周期需要7.5秒，其中慢引出时间只有3s，剩余时间均用于磁场上升和下降，引出束流占空比只有40％，效率较低。同时磁场上升过程中需从电网抽取功率，下降过程中需要向电网返回功率，对电网造成冲击，影响其他设备的正常运行。为此提出了变前励全储能电源方案(专利号ZL201820198102.2)，利用大规模储能电容提供同步加速器磁铁磁场上升所需全部能量，并且吸收磁场下降回馈能量，用于下次磁场上升。该方案不仅可以使加速器磁场上升速度由常规的0.3～1T/s提升至15T/s，加速时间大幅缩短；还消除了磁场下降过程中无功功率返回电网，对电网造成冲击，更加绿色节能；并且前级还采用恒功率空间矢量整流技术，是电网的配电功率下降10倍以上。变前励全储能电源已经研制成功，各项性能指标均达到或超过设计值。但由于该电源每个高压模块都需要恒功率空间矢量整流前级，不仅使电源体积增加，还增加了电源控制系统复杂度，影响了电源工作稳定性。The power supply of the synchrotron directly converts the electric energy of the grid and drives the magnet according to the set current curve. Limited by the cost of power distribution and power supply, the main magnetic field of the two-pole iron generally changes at a speed of less than 1T/s or even less than 0.5T/s. Most of the time in one operating cycle of the extraction synchrotron is used for the rise and fall of the magnetic field, and the duty cycle of the extraction beam is low. For example, the cancer treatment device HIMM in Wuwei City, Gansu Province requires 7.5 seconds for one operation cycle, of which the slow extraction time is only 3s, and the remaining time is used for magnetic field rise and fall. The extraction beam duty cycle is only 40%, and the efficiency is low. At the same time, power needs to be extracted from the power grid during the rising process of the magnetic field, and power needs to be returned to the power grid during the falling process, which will impact the power grid and affect the normal operation of other equipment. For this reason, a full energy storage power supply scheme with variable pre-excitation was proposed (Patent No. ZL201820198102.2), which uses a large-scale energy storage capacitor to provide all the energy required for the magnetic field rise of the synchrotron magnet, and absorbs the feedback energy from the magnetic field drop for the next magnetic field rise . This solution can not only increase the acceleration rate of the accelerator magnetic field from the conventional 0.3-1T/s to 15T/s, and greatly shorten the acceleration time; it also eliminates the return of reactive power to the power grid during the magnetic field decline process, causing an impact on the power grid, making it more green and energy-saving; And the front stage also adopts constant power space vector rectification technology, which reduces the distribution power of the grid by more than 10 times. The full energy storage power supply before the transformer has been successfully developed, and all performance indicators have reached or exceeded the design value. However, since each high-voltage module of the power supply requires a constant power space vector rectification pre-stage, it not only increases the size of the power supply, but also increases the complexity of the power control system, which affects the stability of the power supply.
高频系统用于产生与离子在同步加速器中回旋周期精确同步的高频信号，离子经过高频腔体获得加速。传统高频腔通常采用铁氧体加载腔方案，加速梯度低、占用空间大、需要调谐，目前正逐渐被纳米软磁合金加载高频腔替代。纳米软磁合金加载高频腔品质因素Q可以小于1，在整个加速频率范围内都不需要调谐，并且具有更高的加速梯度，可以节约纵向空间。系统的工作带宽一般在0～10MHz范围内，在工作带宽之外的谐波分量可以通过增加滤波器来滤除，但是通带内的谐波是不能通过滤波器来抑制的。因此磁合金高频系统的腔体电压谐波含量丰富，奇次谐波的功率较大，影响束流品质，如何降低高次谐波成分成为新一代治疗装置高频系统的一个重要问题。The high-frequency system is used to generate a high-frequency signal that is precisely synchronized with the cyclotron cycle of the ions in the synchrotron, and the ions are accelerated through the high-frequency cavity. The traditional high-frequency cavity usually adopts a ferrite-loaded cavity solution, which has a low acceleration gradient, takes up a large space, and needs to be tuned. At present, it is gradually being replaced by a nano-soft magnetic alloy-loaded high-frequency cavity. The quality factor Q of nano-soft magnetic alloy loaded high-frequency cavity can be less than 1, no tuning is required in the entire acceleration frequency range, and it has a higher acceleration gradient, which can save longitudinal space. The operating bandwidth of the system is generally in the range of 0-10MHz. The harmonic components outside the operating bandwidth can be filtered out by adding filters, but the harmonics in the passband cannot be suppressed by filters. Therefore, the cavity voltage harmonic content of the magnetic alloy high-frequency system is rich, and the power of odd harmonics is large, which affects the beam quality. How to reduce the high-order harmonic components has become an important issue for the high-frequency system of the new generation of treatment devices.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述技术问题，本发明提供一种紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置及其应用，采用离子源、直线加速器、中能束线内置于同步加速器的总体结构设计，减小了这三部分的占地面积；直线加速器采用一体腔设计，省去了包含高频、磁铁、真空和束测等多种设备在内的中能束流传输匹配段(MEBT)，总体长度缩短到3米以内；同步加速器采用A-A’-A-A’的两折对称的八边形结构，周长小于50m；高频腔创新性地设计了谐波主动补偿数字低电平系统，可根据系统的频率响应特性、谐波的幅度和相位特性自动对带内谐波成分进行抑制；本发明所提出的悬浮式全储能快脉冲电源拓扑结构，可减少整流前级，同时降低电源控制系统复杂程度。In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device and its application, adopting the overall structural design of the ion source, linear accelerator, and medium-energy beamline built into the synchrotron, reducing the footprint of these three parts area; the linear accelerator adopts an integrated cavity design, eliminating the need for a medium-energy beam transmission matching section (MEBT) including various equipment such as high-frequency, magnet, vacuum, and beam measurement, and shortening the overall length to less than 3 meters; the synchrotron adopts The two-fold symmetrical octagonal structure of A-A'-A-A' has a circumference of less than 50m; the high-frequency cavity is innovatively designed with a harmonic active compensation digital low-level system, which can be used according to the frequency response characteristics of the system, The amplitude and phase characteristics of the harmonics automatically suppress the harmonic components in the band; the suspended full energy storage fast pulse power supply topology proposed by the present invention can reduce the number of rectification front stages and reduce the complexity of the power control system.
为实现上述目的，本发明采取以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:
一种紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置，包括：A compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device comprising:
具有射频四极场加速特征与正交叉杆漂移管直线加速特征的一体化加速结构，所述射频四极场加速部分的束流输出端与所述正交叉杆漂移管直线加速部分的束流输入端连接，二者为共中心线一体腔体结构；An integrated acceleration structure with the characteristics of radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration and linear acceleration of the positive cross rod drift tube, the beam output end of the radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration part and the beam current input of the linear acceleration part of the positive cross rod drift tube The two ends are connected, and the two are a common centerline integrated cavity structure;
所述正交叉杆漂移管直线加速部分包括第一加速段、第二加速段以及位于二者之间的三组合四极透镜；The linear acceleration part of the positive cross rod drift tube includes a first acceleration section, a second acceleration section and a three-combination quadrupole lens between them;
所述射频四极场加速部分的束流输出端与所述第一加速段中的纵向聚束段之间设置有若干零度相位加速间隙，用于实现射频四极场加速部分到正交叉杆漂移管直线加速部分的纵向束流动力学匹配，所述纵向聚束段的相位变化为梯度相位。Several zero-degree phase acceleration gaps are set between the beam output end of the radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration part and the longitudinal beam focusing section in the first acceleration section, for realizing the drift of the radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration part to the positive cross bar The longitudinal beam of the linear acceleration part of the tube is dynamically matched, and the phase change of the longitudinal beam-concentrating section is a gradient phase.
所述的紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置，优选地，所述零度相位加速间隙的数量为2～5个，每个所述零度相位加速间隙的尺寸为2～3cm。In the compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device, preferably, the number of zero-degree phase acceleration gaps is 2-5, and the size of each zero-degree phase acceleration gap is 2-3 cm.
所述的紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置，优选地，所述纵向聚束段的相位变化为束流的聚焦相位由-10°逐渐降至-5°。In the compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device, preferably, the phase change of the longitudinal focusing section is such that the focusing phase of the beam gradually decreases from -10° to -5°.
所述的紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置，优选地，还包括同步加速器，所述同步加速器为A-A’-A-A’的2折对称八边形结构，其中A为一个光学单元，由二极磁铁-漂移段-四极磁铁-漂移段-四极磁铁-漂移段-二极磁铁-
所述的紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置，优选地，所述同步加速器包括若干束流偏转单元和若干直线段；In the compact multiple ion accelerator treatment device, preferably, the synchrotron includes several beam deflection units and several linear sections;
若干所述束流偏转单元间隔布置在一个环形上并通过真空管顺次首尾连接，用于对束流进行偏转；Several beam deflection units are arranged at intervals on a ring and connected end-to-end sequentially through vacuum tubes for deflecting the beam;
若干所述直线段依次形成于若干所述束流偏转单元之间，用于对束流进行聚焦、注入、加速、引出。Several straight line segments are sequentially formed between several beam deflection units for focusing, injecting, accelerating, and extracting the beam.
所述的紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置，优选地，若干所述直线段包括短直线段和长直线段，所述长直线段包括第一至第六长直线段，其中束流注入的所述第一长直线段上设置有注入切割磁铁，所述第二长直线段上设置有注入静电偏转板，束流引出的所述第四长直线段上设置有引出切割磁铁，所述第三长直线段上设置有引出静电偏转板，所述短直线段包括第一短直线段和第二段直线段，分别位于相邻两个所述长直线段之间。In the compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device, preferably, the several straight sections include short straight sections and long straight sections, and the long straight sections include first to sixth long straight sections, wherein the beam injected An injection cutting magnet is arranged on the first long straight section, an injection electrostatic deflection plate is arranged on the second long straight section, an extraction cutting magnet is arranged on the fourth long straight section where the beam is drawn out, and an extraction cutting magnet is arranged on the third long straight section. An outgoing electrostatic deflection plate is arranged on the straight line segment, and the short straight line segment includes a first short straight line segment and a second straight line segment, which are respectively located between two adjacent long straight line segments.
所述的紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置，优选地，所述长直线段与所述短直线段的的长度之比为(3：1)～(8：1)。In the compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device, preferably, the ratio of the length of the long straight section to the short straight section is (3:1)˜(8:1).
所述的紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置，优选地，所述同步加速器还包括高频加速腔，设置于所述第六长直线段或其他长直线段中。In the compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device, preferably, the synchrotron further includes a high-frequency accelerating cavity, which is arranged in the sixth long straight section or other long straight sections.
所述的紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置，优选地，所述高频加速腔为纳米软磁合金高频加载腔，腔体控制系统内设置有谐波主动补偿数字低电平子系统，用于根据所述高频加速腔的频率响应特性、谐波的幅度和相位特性自动对带内谐波成分进行抑制。In the compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device, preferably, the high-frequency accelerating cavity is a nano-soft magnetic alloy high-frequency loading cavity, and the cavity control system is equipped with a harmonic active compensation digital low-level subsystem for The frequency response characteristics of the high-frequency accelerating cavity and the amplitude and phase characteristics of the harmonics automatically suppress the in-band harmonic components.
所述的紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置，优选地，还包括电源，所述电源为悬浮式全储能快脉冲电源拓扑结构，包括主模块和若干与所述主模块串联的悬浮模块，所述主模块为带前级整流的H桥，所述悬浮模块为无前级整流的H桥。The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device, preferably, also includes a power supply, the power supply is a suspended full energy storage fast pulse power supply topology, including a main module and several suspension modules connected in series with the main module, the The main module is an H-bridge with pre-stage rectification, and the suspension module is an H-bridge without pre-stage rectification.
本发明第二方面提供一种上述紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置在癌症治疗以及工业辐照领域的应用。The second aspect of the present invention provides an application of the above-mentioned compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device in the fields of cancer treatment and industrial irradiation.
本发明由于采取以上技术方案，其具有以下优点：The present invention has the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical scheme:
1、本发明的加速器装置具有射频四极场加速特征与正交叉杆漂移管直线加速特征的一体化加速结构，省去了包含高频、磁铁、真空和束测等多种设备在内的中能束流传输匹配段(MEBT)，总体长度缩短到3米以内。简化了总体设计，提高了加速器系统的安全性和稳定性。使得加速器总体结构更加紧凑高效，有利于降低建设成本和产业化推广。1. The accelerator device of the present invention has an integrated acceleration structure with radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration characteristics and positive cross rod drift tube linear acceleration characteristics, eliminating the need for intermediate energy including high frequency, magnet, vacuum and beam measurement equipment. Beam Transport Matching Section (MEBT), the overall length is shortened to less than 3 meters. The overall design is simplified, and the safety and stability of the accelerator system are improved. This makes the overall structure of the accelerator more compact and efficient, which is conducive to reducing construction costs and promoting industrialization.
2、本发明装置中的同步加速器采用A-A’-A-A’的两折对称的八边形结构，拥有六段较长的直线段，用于安装注入、引出装置以及高频加速装置等。相比全对称的多边形结构，这种同步加速器所采用的磁铁数量少、整体结构紧凑、周长短(周长小于50m)以及占地面积小，可以大幅降低同步加速器的造价以及土建成本，减少投资成本。2. The synchrotron in the device of the present invention adopts a two-fold symmetrical octagonal structure of A-A'-A-A', and has six long straight segments for installing injection and extraction devices and high-frequency acceleration devices wait. Compared with the fully symmetrical polygonal structure, this synchrotron uses fewer magnets, has a compact overall structure, a shorter perimeter (less than 50m) and a small footprint, which can greatly reduce the cost of the synchrotron and civil construction costs, and reduce investment cost.
3、本发明中的纳米软磁合金高频加载腔创新性地设计了谐波主动补偿数字低电平系统，可根据系统的频率响应特性、谐波的幅度和相位特性自动对带内谐波成分进行抑制。3. The nano-soft magnetic alloy high-frequency loading cavity in the present invention innovatively designs the harmonic active compensation digital low-level system, which can automatically correct the in-band harmonics according to the frequency response characteristics of the system, the amplitude and phase characteristics of the harmonics components are suppressed.
4、本发明为解决已有全储能电源前级复杂的结构和控制问题，提出悬浮式全储能快脉冲电源拓扑结构。该拓扑可减少整流前级，同时降低电源控制系统复杂程度。4. In order to solve the complex structure and control problems of the existing full energy storage power supply, the present invention proposes a suspended full energy storage fast pulse power supply topology. This topology can reduce the number of rectifier stages while reducing the complexity of the power control system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一实施例提供的紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置的整体示意图；Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明该实施例提供的具有射频四极场加速特征与正交叉杆漂移管直线加速特征的一体化加速结构的示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the integrated acceleration structure provided by this embodiment of the present invention with the characteristics of radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration and the linear acceleration characteristics of the positive cross rod drift tube;
图3为本发明该实施例提供的束流在正交叉杆漂移管加速部分内的横向包络图；Fig. 3 is the lateral envelope diagram of the beam current in the acceleration part of the positive cross bar drift tube provided by this embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明该实施例提供的同步加速器光学图；Fig. 4 is the optical diagram of the synchrotron provided by this embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明该实施例提供的正交叉杆漂移管加速部分的布局图；Fig. 5 is a layout diagram of the acceleration part of the drift tube of the positive cross bar provided by this embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明该实施例提供的悬浮型全储能快脉冲电源拓扑结构图；Fig. 6 is a topological structure diagram of the suspension type full energy storage fast pulse power supply provided by this embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明该实施例提供的谐波主动补偿数字低电平系统的框图；Fig. 7 is a block diagram of the harmonic active compensation digital low-level system provided by this embodiment of the present invention;
图中各标记如下：The marks in the figure are as follows:
1-1～1-8为第一至第八束流偏转单元；2-1～2-10为四极磁铁；3-1～3-8为六极磁铁；4-1为注入切割磁铁；4-2为引出切割磁铁；5-1为注入静电偏转板；5-2为引出静电偏转板；6-1为高频加速腔；7-1为射频激励慢引出装置；8为射频四极场加速器；9为正交叉杆漂移管直线加速器，9-1为第一加速段，9-2为三组合四极透镜，9-3为第二加速段；10-1为离子源；11-1为直线注入器。1-1 to 1-8 are the first to eighth beam deflection units; 2-1 to 2-10 are quadrupole magnets; 3-1 to 3-8 are hexapole magnets; 4-1 is injection cutting magnets; 4-2 is the lead-out cutting magnet; 5-1 is the injection electrostatic deflection plate; 5-2 is the lead-out electrostatic deflection plate; 6-1 is the high-frequency acceleration cavity; 7-1 is the radio frequency excitation slow lead-out device; 8 is the radio frequency quadrupole Field accelerator; 9 is a positive cross rod drift tube linear accelerator, 9-1 is the first acceleration section, 9-2 is a triple quadrupole lens, 9-3 is the second acceleration section; 10-1 is an ion source; 11- 1 is a linear injector.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention are clearly and completely described below. Apparently, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
除非另外定义，本发明使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本发明中使用的“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the usual meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. "First", "second", "third", "fourth" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Comprising" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or items appearing before the word include the elements or items listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or items. Words such as "connected" or "connected" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.
本发明所提供的紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置采用离子源、直线加速器、中能束线内置于同步加速器的总体结构设计，减小了这三部分的占地面积；直线加速器采用具有射频四极场加速特征与正交叉杆漂移管直线加速特征的一体化加速结构，省去了包含高频、磁铁、真空和束测等多种设备在内的中能束流传输匹配段(MEBT)，总体长度缩短到3米以内；同步加速器采用A-A’-A-A’的两折对称的八边形结构，周长小于50m；高频腔创新性地设计了谐波主动补偿数字低电平系统，可根据系统的频率响应特性、谐波的幅度和相位特性自动对带内谐波成分进行抑制；本发明所提出的悬浮式全储能快脉冲电源拓扑结构，可减少整流前级，同时降低电源控制系统复杂程度。The compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device provided by the present invention adopts the overall structural design in which the ion source, the linear accelerator, and the medium-energy beamline are built into the synchrotron, which reduces the footprint of these three parts; the linear accelerator adopts a radio frequency quadrupole The integrated acceleration structure of the field acceleration characteristics and the linear acceleration characteristics of the positive cross rod drift tube eliminates the need for a medium energy beam transmission matching section (MEBT) including various equipment such as high frequency, magnet, vacuum and beam measurement, and the overall length Shortened to less than 3 meters; the synchrotron adopts a two-fold symmetrical octagonal structure of A-A'-A-A', with a circumference of less than 50m; the high-frequency cavity is innovatively designed with a harmonic active compensation digital low-level system , can automatically suppress the in-band harmonic components according to the frequency response characteristics of the system, the amplitude and phase characteristics of the harmonics; The complexity of the power control system.
下面结合具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案进行详细阐释。The technical solution of the present invention will be explained in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
如图1所示，本发明所提供的紧凑型多离子加速器治疗装置包括：离子源10-1，用于产生离子束流；As shown in Figure 1, the compact multi-ion accelerator treatment device provided by the present invention includes: an ion source 10-1, which is used to generate an ion beam;
直线注入器11-1，通过低能束运线与离子源连接，用于对离子束流进行加速和传输，以得到不同能量值的加速离子束流；直线注入器包括射频四极场加速部分8(RadioFrequency Quadrupole，RFQ)和正交叉杆漂移管直线加速部分9(Cross-bar H-typestructure-drift tube linac,CH-DTL)；射频四极场加速部分8的输入端与低能束运线的输出端连接，用于对从低能束运线输出的离子束流进行加速；正交叉杆漂移管直线加速部分9的输入端与射频四极场加速部分8的输出端连接，用于对从射频四极场加速部分8输出的离子束流进行加速；The linear injector 11-1 is connected to the ion source through a low-energy beam line, and is used to accelerate and transmit the ion beam to obtain accelerated ion beams with different energy values; the linear injector includes a radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration part 8 (Radio Frequency Quadrupole, RFQ) and positive cross-bar drift tube linear acceleration part 9 (Cross-bar H-typestructure-drift tube linac, CH-DTL); the input end of the RF quadrupole
同步加速器，通过中能束运线与直线注入器11-1的输出端连接，用于对束流进一步加速，同步加速器的输出端通过高能束运线与治疗终端连接。The synchrotron is connected to the output end of the linear injector 11-1 through a medium-energy beam line for further accelerating the beam current, and the output end of the synchrotron is connected to the treatment terminal through a high-energy beam line.
进一步地，离子源10-1为电子回旋共振(Electron Cyclotron Resonance,ECR)离子源或者激光离子源，用于产生离子束流，离子源10-1出口处的束流能量范围为2～10keV/u，电子回旋共振离子源的工作频率优选为14～18GHz。Further, the ion source 10-1 is an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source or a laser ion source, which is used to generate an ion beam, and the beam energy at the exit of the ion source 10-1 ranges from 2 to 10 keV/ u, the working frequency of the electron cyclotron resonance ion source is preferably 14-18 GHz.
如图2所示，本发明中的直线注入器11-1包括射频四极场加速部分(RFQ)8和正交叉杆漂移管直线加速部分(CH-DTL)9。为了提高直线注入器11-1的加速效率，实现注入器更加紧凑的目的，本申请中的RFQ和CH-DTL都工作在相同频率下的TE210模式(在高频谐振腔内，电磁场的三维分布是按照特定模式存在的。TE210是指电场在圆周方向有两个零点，在径向有一个零点电场，而在轴向没有零点。理论上讲，用于加速的电磁场模式有多种，比如TE110，还有TM010都是常用的加速模式)。本申请中由于RFQ和CH-DTL采用了相同工作频率和相同的工作模式，因此在加速原理上把它们融合设计为一个加速结构，并提出了一种新的紧凑型一体化腔型结构。As shown in FIG. 2 , the linear injector 11 - 1 in the present invention includes a radio frequency quadrupole field acceleration part (RFQ) 8 and a positive cross rod drift tube linear acceleration part (CH-DTL) 9 . In order to improve the acceleration efficiency of the linear injector 11-1 and achieve a more compact injector, the RFQ and CH-DTL in this application all work in the TE210 mode at the same frequency (in the high-frequency resonant cavity, the three-dimensional distribution of the electromagnetic field It exists according to a specific mode. TE210 means that the electric field has two zero points in the circumferential direction, one zero point electric field in the radial direction, and no zero point in the axial direction. Theoretically, there are many electromagnetic field modes for acceleration, such as TE110 , and TM010 are commonly used acceleration modes). In this application, since RFQ and CH-DTL adopt the same operating frequency and the same operating mode, they are integrated into an accelerating structure based on the accelerating principle, and a new compact integrated cavity structure is proposed.
RFQ和CH-DTL独立工作时，分别有各自的电磁场分布，他们之间可以没有任何关联。本申请不是简单地把RFQ和DTL链接到一起，而是有效地解决了两者之间的电磁场耦合问题，以及动力学问题，成为一种新的加速腔型。When RFQ and CH-DTL work independently, they have their own electromagnetic field distribution, and there is no relationship between them. This application does not simply link RFQ and DTL together, but effectively solves the electromagnetic field coupling problem and dynamics problem between the two, and becomes a new type of accelerating cavity.
本申请根据RFQ和CH-DTL上述特点，在电磁场耦合方面做了特殊设计。如果直接将四翼型RFQ与CH-DTL腔体连接成一体后，两个区域的磁场虽能直接耦合，但是轴线附近RFQ段的平均电场远大于DTL段的平均电场，这样的不均匀电场将会导致RFQ段和DTL段轴线附近的电场分布不能同时满足束流稳定传输的要求。本申请通过局部调整RFQ和DTL连接区域的腔体截面尺寸，创新地将RFQ的“翼”向DTL段延伸一段距离，让独立的RFQ和DTL间原本不规则磁通量分布联系的两个部分实现了纵向磁场的平滑过渡连接，同时也实现了腔体轴心附近电场的精细调谐，这样从RFQ电极末端出来的束流正好能够被DTL段顺利高效地俘获并被加速到设计的能量。因此RFQ和DTL完全成了一体化射频电磁场加速结构。According to the above characteristics of RFQ and CH-DTL, this application has made a special design in terms of electromagnetic field coupling. If the four-wing RFQ is directly connected to the CH-DTL cavity, although the magnetic fields in the two regions can be directly coupled, the average electric field of the RFQ section near the axis is much greater than the average electric field of the DTL section. Such an uneven electric field will As a result, the electric field distribution near the axis of the RFQ section and the DTL section cannot meet the requirements of stable beam transmission at the same time. This application innovatively extends the "wing" of the RFQ to the DTL section by locally adjusting the cavity cross-sectional size of the RFQ and DTL connection area, so that the two parts of the original irregular magnetic flux distribution connection between the independent RFQ and DTL are realized. The smooth transition connection of the longitudinal magnetic field also realizes the fine tuning of the electric field near the axis of the cavity, so that the beam from the end of the RFQ electrode can be captured smoothly and efficiently by the DTL section and accelerated to the designed energy. Therefore, RFQ and DTL have completely become an integrated radio frequency electromagnetic field acceleration structure.
在束流动力学方面，当RFQ输出的束流直接输入到CH-DTL中时，为了能同时控制束流在CH-DTL腔体内第一加速段9-1的纵向发射度和横向包络的增长，降低束流损失，本发明创新性地将第一加速段9-1中的纵向聚束段进行了后移优化设计，即让本应在CH-DTL入口开始的负责纵向注入匹配的纵向聚束段后移2-4个零度相位加速间隙，(1个零度相位加速间隙的尺寸为2-3cm)，使束流在CH-DTL中先经过若干个零度相位加速间隙后，再进入纵向聚束段进行纵向匹配。此时束流已经获得了较高的能量，在一定程度上既削弱了零度相位加速间隙中射频场的横向散焦作用对束流的影响，又减小了束流横向包络的幅值。同时，对CH-DTL中第一加速段9-1的纵向聚束段的相位变化采用了梯度优化设计，聚焦段共有3-5个gap，例如前2个gap的聚焦相位选在-10°，后3个gap选在-5°，聚焦相位的梯度变化避免了束流包络的剧烈变化。最终束流的横向包络如图3所示。In terms of beam dynamics, when the beam output by the RFQ is directly input into the CH-DTL, in order to simultaneously control the longitudinal emittance and the growth of the transverse envelope of the first accelerating section 9-1 in the CH-DTL cavity , to reduce the beam loss, the present invention creatively optimizes the rearward movement of the longitudinal focusing section in the first accelerating section 9-1, that is, the longitudinal focusing section responsible for longitudinal injection matching that should start The beam segment is moved back by 2-4 zero-degree phase acceleration gaps, (the size of one zero-degree phase acceleration gap is 2-3cm), so that the beam first passes through several zero-degree phase acceleration gaps in the CH-DTL, and then enters the longitudinal focus The bundle segment is matched longitudinally. At this time, the beam has obtained higher energy, which not only weakens the influence of the transverse defocusing effect of the RF field in the zero-degree phase acceleration gap on the beam, but also reduces the amplitude of the transverse envelope of the beam to a certain extent. At the same time, a gradient optimization design is adopted for the phase change of the longitudinal focusing section of the first accelerating section 9-1 in CH-DTL. There are 3-5 gaps in the focusing section. For example, the focusing phase of the first two gaps is selected at -10° , the last three gaps are selected at -5°, and the gradient change of the focus phase avoids the drastic change of the beam envelope. The transverse envelope of the final beam is shown in Figure 3.
RFQ和CH-DTL轴向加速结构采用同一中心线安装标准。与现有的技术方案相比，本发明有以下优点：1)采用RFQ和CH-DTL，腔体的频率可以做得更高(＞200MHz)，极大地提高了加速梯度和加速效率，有效降低了腔体的尺寸，提高了加速器装置的性价比；2)二者的功率源和低电平系统只用一套，整体更加紧凑；3)省去了包含高频、磁铁、真空和束测等多种设备在内的中能束流传输匹配段(MEBT)，总体长度缩短到3米以内，具体机械装配如图2所示。本发明简化了总体设计，提高了加速器系统的安全性和稳定性。使得加速器总体结构更加紧凑高效，有利于降低建设成本和产业化推广。The RFQ and CH-DTL axial acceleration structures adopt the same centerline installation standard. Compared with the existing technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages: 1) By adopting RFQ and CH-DTL, the frequency of the cavity can be made higher (>200MHz), which greatly improves the acceleration gradient and acceleration efficiency, and effectively reduces The size of the cavity is reduced, and the cost performance of the accelerator device is improved; 2) only one set of power source and low-level system is used for the two, and the whole is more compact; The overall length of the Medium Energy Beam Transmission Matching Section (MEBT) including these devices is shortened to less than 3 meters. The specific mechanical assembly is shown in Figure 2. The invention simplifies the overall design and improves the safety and stability of the accelerator system. This makes the overall structure of the accelerator more compact and efficient, which is conducive to reducing construction costs and promoting industrialization.
本发明为了降低同步加速器的周长，提出了一种紧凑型同步加速器光学设计，周长可以达到50m以下，为国际同类装置最短。同步加速器采用A-A’-A-A’的2折对称的八边形结构，其中A是一个光学单元，由二极磁铁(如1-1)-漂移段-四极磁铁(如2-1)-漂移段-四极磁铁(如2-2)-漂移段-二极磁铁(如1-2)-
具体地，同步加速器包括若干束流偏转单元和若干直线段；若干束流偏转单元间隔布置在一个环形上并通过真空管顺次首尾连接，用于对束流进行偏转；若干直线段依次形成于若干束流偏转单元之间，用于对束流进行聚焦、注入、加速、引出。Specifically, the synchrotron includes several beam deflection units and several straight sections; several beam deflection units are arranged at intervals on a ring and connected end-to-end sequentially through vacuum tubes for deflecting the beam; several straight sections are sequentially formed in several Between the beam deflection units, it is used to focus, inject, accelerate and extract the beam.
进一步地，直线段包括短直线段和长直线段，长直线段包括第一至第六长直线段，其中束流注入的第一长直线段上设置有注入切割磁铁4-1，第二长直线段上设置有注入静电偏转板5-1，束流引出的第四长直线段上设置有引出切割磁铁4-2，第三长直线段上设置有引出静电偏转板5-2，短直线段包括第一短直线段和第二段直线段，分别位于相邻两个长直线段之间。Further, the straight line segment includes a short straight line segment and a long straight line segment, and the long straight line segment includes the first to sixth long straight line segments, wherein the first long straight line segment injected by the beam is provided with an injection cutting magnet 4-1, and the second long straight line segment is provided with an injection cutting magnet 4-1. An injection electrostatic deflection plate 5-1 is arranged on the straight line segment, an extraction cutting magnet 4-2 is arranged on the fourth long straight line segment drawn from the beam current, an extraction electrostatic deflection plate 5-2 is arranged on the third long straight line segment, and a short straight line segment The segment includes a first short straight line segment and a second straight line segment, which are respectively located between two adjacent long straight line segments.
进一步地，长直线段与短直线段的的长度之比为(3：1)～(8：1)。Further, the length ratio of the long straight line segment to the short straight line segment is (3:1)˜(8:1).
进一步地，束流偏转单元为八个，具体为第一至第八束流偏转单元1-1～1-8，均为45°偏转二极磁铁，用于改变束流的运动方向，使束流在同步加速器内的运动轨迹构成一个闭合的圆形。Further, there are eight beam deflection units, specifically the first to eighth beam deflection units 1-1 to 1-8, all of which are 45° deflection dipole magnets, and are used to change the moving direction of the beam, so that the beam The trajectory of the flow in the synchrotron forms a closed circle.
进一步地，第二长直线段、第四长直线段、第六长直线段和第八长直线段的入口端和出口端均设置有一台四极磁铁，具体为2-1、2-2、2-4、2-5、2-6、2-7、2-9、2-10，第一短直线段和第二短直线段上仅设置一台四极磁铁2-3和2-8，用于对束流进行聚焦；每个长直线段上均设置有至少一台六极磁铁3-1～3-8，用于对束流进行色品校正和共振慢引出。具体地，第一长直线段、第三长直线段、第四长直线段、第六长直线段上均设置一台六极磁铁，具体为3-1、3-4、3-5和3-8，第二长直线段、第五长直线段上均设置两台六极磁铁，具体为3-2、3-3、3-6和3-7。其中3-1、3-5为垂直共振六极磁铁，3-2、3-6为水平共振六极磁铁，3-3、3-4、3-7、3-8为色品六极磁铁。Further, a quadrupole magnet is provided at the inlet end and the outlet end of the second long straight section, the fourth long straight section, the sixth long straight section and the eighth long straight section, specifically 2-1, 2-2, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7, 2-9, 2-10, only one quadrupole magnet 2-3 and 2-8 is set on the first short straight line section and the second short straight line section , for focusing the beam current; each long straight line section is provided with at least one hexapole magnet 3-1-3-8, which is used for chromaticity correction and resonance slow extraction of the beam current. Specifically, a six-pole magnet is arranged on the first long straight section, the third long straight section, the fourth long straight section, and the sixth long straight section, specifically 3-1, 3-4, 3-5 and 3 -8, two six-pole magnets are arranged on the second longest straight section and the fifth longest straight section, specifically 3-2, 3-3, 3-6 and 3-7. Among them, 3-1, 3-5 are vertical resonance six-pole magnets, 3-2, 3-6 are horizontal resonance six-pole magnets, 3-3, 3-4, 3-7, 3-8 are chromaticity six-pole magnets .
进一步地，在第五长直线段上还设置有射频激励慢引出装置(Radio FrequencyKnockout，RF-KO)7-1，用于增大稳定区中束流发射度，使束流进入非稳定区，接着被引出静电偏转板5-2引出。Further, a radio frequency excitation slow extraction device (Radio Frequency Knockout, RF-KO) 7-1 is also provided on the fifth long straight line section, which is used to increase the beam emittance in the stable area, so that the beam enters the unstable area, Then it is drawn out by the electrostatic deflection plate 5-2.
同步加速器中的磁铁元件摆放的位置以及强度的大小决定了该同步环的光学结构。离子在同步环中的运行规律和光类似，存在直线传播、聚焦、散焦等特征，四极磁铁2-1～2-10对束流的作用与凸透镜和凹透镜的作用类似，因此束流在同步加速器中的运动规律也被称为束流光学。同步加速器中决定光学的主要磁铁元件是偏转二极磁铁和四极磁铁2-1～2-10，其中偏转二极磁铁的作用是改变束流的运动方向，使束流在同步加速器内的运动轨迹构成一个闭合的圆，四极磁铁2-1～2-10的作用是对束流进行聚焦和散焦，和光学透镜不同的地方在于四极磁铁2-1～2-10对束流水平方向聚焦的同时对垂直方向散焦，而对垂直方向聚焦的同时对水平方向散焦，光学设计的一个重要内容是合理的设置二极磁铁1-1～1-8、四极磁铁2-1～2-10摆放的位置和强度，使水平方向和垂直方向均可以稳定的周期性聚散焦而没有不可控的发散。设计束流光学有一套完备的理论体系，可以从理论上得到束流稳定传输的聚散焦条件，指导光学设计，实际设计过程中通常使用MADX、Winagile等软件进行光学参数的计算和优化匹配。The placement and strength of the magnet elements in the synchrotron determine the optical structure of the synchrotron. The operation law of ions in the synchronous ring is similar to that of light, and has the characteristics of straight line propagation, focusing, and defocusing. The laws of motion in accelerators are also known as beam optics. The main magnet elements that determine the optics in the synchrotron are the deflection dipole magnets and quadrupole magnets 2-1 to 2-10, where the function of the deflection dipole magnets is to change the movement direction of the beam and make the beam move The trajectory forms a closed circle. The function of the quadrupole magnets 2-1~2-10 is to focus and defocus the beam. The difference from the optical lens lies in the fact that the quadrupole magnets 2-1~2-10 affect the beam level. Focusing in the vertical direction while defocusing in the vertical direction, and defocusing in the horizontal direction while focusing in the vertical direction, an important content of optical design is to reasonably set the dipole magnets 1-1~1-8, and the quadrupole magnets 2-1 The position and intensity of ~2-10 placement enable stable periodic focusing and defocusing in both the horizontal and vertical directions without uncontrollable divergence. There is a complete theoretical system for designing beam optics, which can theoretically obtain the focusing and defocusing conditions for stable beam transmission to guide optical design. In the actual design process, software such as MADX and Winagile are usually used to calculate and optimize optical parameters.
如图4所示的光学图，图中横坐标代表磁铁元件在自然坐标系下在同步加速器上的位置，其中横坐标上下对称的大块黑色色块代表偏转二极磁铁，坐标轴之上的小黑色色块代表聚焦四极磁铁，坐标轴菱形黑色色块代表六极磁铁。上半部分虚曲线代表水平β函数，实曲线代表垂直β函数，分别表明了束流在同步环中稳定传输时水平和垂直尺寸的大小关系，下半部分的虚、实曲线分别代表了束流垂直和水平色散函数，表示束流受动量分散的影响而叠加的运动轨迹的波动，本发明实施例中同步加速器垂直方向色散函数恒为零。从光学图中首先可以判断出β函数过渡光滑，保证了光学结构的稳定性，束流可以在环内稳定储存；其次该光学具有周期对称性，周期数为2，对称位置的磁铁可以采用一台电源串联供电，以降低系统造价；β函数整体控制在20m以内，束流尺寸较小，有利于较小磁铁孔径和装置规模；6个长直线段中的β函数平坦，有利于注入引出元件的放置。The optical diagram shown in Figure 4, the abscissa in the figure represents the position of the magnet element on the synchrotron in the natural coordinate system, and the large black color block symmetrical up and down on the abscissa represents the deflection dipole magnet, and the position above the coordinate axis The small black color block represents the focusing quadrupole magnet, and the diamond-shaped black color block on the coordinate axis represents the hexapole magnet. The dotted curve in the upper part represents the horizontal β function, and the solid curve represents the vertical β function, respectively indicating the relationship between the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the beam when it is stably transmitted in the synchronous ring. The dotted and solid curves in the lower part represent the beam current The vertical and horizontal dispersion functions represent the fluctuation of the superimposed motion trajectory of the beam due to the influence of momentum dispersion. In the embodiment of the present invention, the vertical dispersion function of the synchrotron is always zero. From the optical diagram, it can be judged that the transition of the β function is smooth, which ensures the stability of the optical structure, and the beam current can be stored stably in the ring; secondly, the optics has periodic symmetry, the period number is 2, and the magnet at the symmetrical position can use a The power supply is connected in series to reduce the system cost; the β function is controlled within 20m as a whole, and the beam size is small, which is beneficial to the smaller magnet aperture and device scale; the β function in the 6 long straight line segments is flat, which is conducive to injecting and extracting components placement.
如图6所示，本发明为了解决已有全储能电源前级复杂的结构和控制问题，提出悬浮式全储能快脉冲电源拓扑结构，其由一个带前级整流的H桥和若干无前级整流的H桥串联构成：无前级整流的H桥称为“悬浮模块”，带前级整流的H桥称为“主模块”，“主模块”和“悬浮模块”中均包含储能电容。该电源工作于脉冲模式，脉冲波形上升段储能电容释放能量满足负载感性无功需求；下降段将负载馈能存储在电容中以提供下一周期上升段使用，有效地实现了无功能量的内部循环，极大减小了上升段从电网抽取无功对电网造成的冲击。主模块除提供无功功率外，还将以恒定功率向电源-磁铁系统提供有功需求，保证主模块和悬浮模块的储能电容能量在周期结束时恢复至周期开始状态，为下个周期正常运行提供足够能量。由于有功功耗全部由主模块提供，悬浮模块仅提供无功功率，因此悬浮模块不再需要前级整流部分，电源结构和控制系统复杂程度大幅降低，同时，该拓扑依然可实现H桥级联多电平拓扑和移相倍频控制，可提升电源的动态响应改善电源跟踪性能，并降低电源的输出电流纹波。As shown in Figure 6, in order to solve the complex structure and control problems of the existing full energy storage power supply front stage, the present invention proposes a suspended full energy storage fast pulse power supply topology, which consists of an H bridge with front stage rectification and several wireless The H-bridges of pre-stage rectification are connected in series: the H-bridge without pre-stage rectification is called "suspension module", and the H-bridge with pre-stage rectification is called "main module". Both "main module" and "suspension module" contain storage energy capacitance. The power supply works in pulse mode, and the energy storage capacitor releases energy to meet the inductive reactive power demand of the load in the rising section of the pulse waveform; in the falling section, the load feed energy is stored in the capacitor for use in the rising section of the next cycle, effectively realizing the reactive energy. The internal circulation greatly reduces the impact on the power grid caused by the reactive power extracted from the power grid in the ascending section. In addition to providing reactive power, the main module will also provide active demand to the power supply-magnet system with constant power to ensure that the energy storage capacitor energy of the main module and the suspension module returns to the state at the beginning of the cycle at the end of the cycle, providing for the normal operation of the next cycle Provide enough energy. Since all active power consumption is provided by the main module and the suspension module only provides reactive power, the suspension module no longer needs the pre-stage rectification part, and the complexity of the power structure and control system is greatly reduced. At the same time, this topology can still realize H-bridge cascading Multi-level topology and phase-shift frequency multiplication control can improve the dynamic response of the power supply, improve the tracking performance of the power supply, and reduce the output current ripple of the power supply.
如图7所示，本发明的高频加速腔6-1为纳米软磁合金高频加载腔，为了解决由于功率源非线性产生的谐波成分较大、影响束流正常加速的问题，创新性地设计了谐波主动补偿数字低电平子系统，该系统可根据系统的频率响应特性、谐波的幅度和相位特性自动对带内谐波成分进行抑制。该系统由四部分组成：1)频率响应特性测试模块，用于自动测试高频加速腔6-1的频率响应特性并将该特性存储在该系统中；2)各次谐波的功率和相位的测量模块，用于自动测量高频系统的各次谐波的功率和相位，并存储在该系统中；3)激励信号抵消计算模块，用于根据第一步测到的频率响应特性计算出抵消第二步测得的谐波成分所需要的激励信号；4)迭代修正模块，用于测量增加补偿之后的系统的谐波情况，对激励信号进行迭代修正，直至谐波功率低于系统限值。最终可将整体系统的谐波控制在-30dB以下。As shown in Figure 7, the high-frequency accelerating cavity 6-1 of the present invention is a nano-soft magnetic alloy high-frequency loading cavity. In order to solve the problem that the harmonic components generated by the nonlinearity of the power source are large and affect the normal acceleration of the beam, an innovative The harmonic active compensation digital low-level subsystem is systematically designed, which can automatically suppress the in-band harmonic components according to the frequency response characteristics of the system, the amplitude and phase characteristics of the harmonics. The system consists of four parts: 1) frequency response characteristic testing module, which is used to automatically test the frequency response characteristic of the high-frequency accelerating cavity 6-1 and store the characteristic in the system; 2) the power and phase of each harmonic The measurement module is used to automatically measure the power and phase of each harmonic of the high-frequency system and store it in the system; 3) the excitation signal cancellation calculation module is used to calculate the frequency response characteristic according to the first step. The excitation signal needed to offset the harmonic component measured in the second step; 4) Iterative correction module, used to measure the harmonic situation of the system after the compensation is added, and iteratively correct the excitation signal until the harmonic power is lower than the system limit value. Ultimately, the harmonics of the overall system can be controlled below -30dB.
该治疗装置采用直线加速器内置于同步加速器的总体结构设计，可以大幅减小装置占地面积。装置可以提供从质子到碳离子的多种离子，覆盖从质子到碳的宽范围的传能线密度(Linear Energy Transfer，LET)和相对生物学效应(Relative BiologicalEffectiveness，RBE)，多种离子互为补充，为根据病人肿瘤种类和位置的特异性指定更加灵活、科学的多离子治疗计划成为可能，同时保证治疗的精度和效率，将成为一种全能型的精准外辐照治疗装置。装置还可以提供从氮到氙的多种离子，用于核孔膜等工业辐照领域。The treatment device adopts an overall structural design in which the linear accelerator is built into the synchrotron, which can greatly reduce the footprint of the device. The device can provide a variety of ions from protons to carbon ions, covering a wide range of energy transfer linear density (Linear Energy Transfer, LET) and relative biological effect (Relative Biological Effectiveness, RBE) from protons to carbon. Supplementary, it is possible to designate a more flexible and scientific multi-ion treatment plan according to the specificity of the patient's tumor type and location, while ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of treatment. It will become an all-round precision external radiation therapy device. The device can also provide a variety of ions from nitrogen to xenon for industrial irradiation fields such as nuclear pore membranes.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.
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