技术领域Technical Field
本申请实施例涉及地球物理勘探技术领域，特别涉及一种基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法及相关设备。The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to a reverse time migration imaging method based on wave field separation and related equipment.
背景技术Background Art
随着地震勘探的深入发展，出现了越来越多的探测数据处理方法。其中，基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法，在处理复杂速度模型和陡峭的倾斜构造方面成像精度高。With the in-depth development of seismic exploration, more and more detection data processing methods have emerged. Among them, the reverse time migration imaging method based on wave field separation has high imaging accuracy in processing complex velocity models and steeply inclined structures.
相关技术中，基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法是：对震源波场和接收波场进行波场分离，即将上述两个波场分别分解为上行波和下行波，将两个波场的分解波场在每个时刻进行组合成像，即将每个时刻震源波场的上行波和接收波场的下行波进行组合、震源波场的下行波和接收波场的上行波进行组合，每个时刻组合后的成像结果用于指示该时刻对应的地层位置的地形结构，将所有时刻组合后的成像结果相加便可得到勘测地区的地形结构图像。In the related art, the reverse time migration imaging method based on wave field separation is: to perform wave field separation on the source wave field and the receiving wave field, that is, to decompose the above two wave fields into upgoing waves and downgoing waves respectively, and to combine the decomposed wave fields of the two wave fields for imaging at each moment, that is, to combine the upgoing wave of the source wave field and the downgoing wave of the receiving wave field at each moment, and to combine the downgoing wave of the source wave field and the upgoing wave of the receiving wave field. The combined imaging result at each moment is used to indicate the topographic structure of the stratigraphic position corresponding to the moment, and the topographic structure image of the survey area can be obtained by adding up the combined imaging results at all moments.
但是，在上述成像过程中，组合后的波场仍然具有强能量的低频噪音，该低频噪音掩盖了有效信号，使得成像结果中的信噪比降低，影响了最终图像的清晰度。However, in the above imaging process, the combined wave field still has low-frequency noise with strong energy, which masks the effective signal, reduces the signal-to-noise ratio in the imaging result, and affects the clarity of the final image.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本申请实施例提供了一种基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法及相关设备，可以使得震源波场的分解波场和接收波场的分解波场组合时，没有沿相同传播方向的行波的冗余组合，从而减少了剖面底层结构的强能量低频噪音。所述技术方案如下：The embodiment of the present application provides a reverse time migration imaging method and related equipment based on wave field separation, which can make it possible to avoid redundant combination of traveling waves along the same propagation direction when combining the decomposed wave field of the source wave field and the decomposed wave field of the receiving wave field, thereby reducing the strong energy low-frequency noise of the underlying structure of the profile. The technical solution is as follows:
一方面，提供了一种基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法，所述方法包括：In one aspect, a reverse time migration imaging method based on wavefield separation is provided, the method comprising:
获取目标时刻时震源波场的波印廷矢量和接收波场的波印廷矢量，所述目标时刻为所述震源波场和所述接收波场的传播方向上的任一同一时刻，所述震源波场和所述接收波场为用于勘测目标地区的地形结构的波场；Acquire the Poynting vector of the source wave field and the Poynting vector of the receiving wave field at a target time, wherein the target time is any same time in the propagation direction of the source wave field and the receiving wave field, and the source wave field and the receiving wave field are wave fields used to survey the topographic structure of the target area;
对所述震源波场的波印廷矢量进行分解，获得所述目标时刻时所述震源波场的下行右行波、下行左行波、上行右行波以及上行左行波，对所述接收波场的波印廷矢量进行分解，获得所述目标时刻时所述接收波场的下行右行波、下行左行波、上行右行波以及上行左行波；Decomposing the Poynting vector of the source wavefield to obtain the downgoing right-traveling wave, downgoing left-traveling wave, upgoing right-traveling wave and upgoing left-traveling wave of the source wavefield at the target time, decomposing the Poynting vector of the receiving wavefield to obtain the downgoing right-traveling wave, downgoing left-traveling wave, upgoing right-traveling wave and upgoing left-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time;
将所述目标时刻时所述震源波场下行右行波和所述目标时刻时所述接收波场上行左行波组合、将所述目标时刻时所述震源波场下行左行波和所述目标时刻时所述接收波场上行右行波组合、将所述目标时刻时所述震源波场上行右行波和所述目标时刻时所述接收波场下行左行波组合、将所述目标时刻时所述震源波场上行左行波和所述目标时刻时所述接收波场下行右行波组合，分别得到第一成像结果、第二成像结果、第三成像结果以及第四成像结果；The downward right-traveling wave of the seismic source wavefield at the target time is combined with the upward left-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time, the downward left-traveling wave of the seismic source wavefield at the target time is combined with the upward right-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time, the upward right-traveling wave of the seismic source wavefield at the target time is combined with the downward left-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time, and the upward left-traveling wave of the seismic source wavefield at the target time is combined with the downward right-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time, to obtain a first imaging result, a second imaging result, a third imaging result and a fourth imaging result respectively;
将所述第一成像结果、所述第二成像结果、所述第三成像结果以及所述第四成像结果叠加，得到所述目标时刻对应的成像结果，所述成像结果指示所述目标地区在与所述目标时刻对应的地层位置处的地形结构。The first imaging result, the second imaging result, the third imaging result and the fourth imaging result are superimposed to obtain an imaging result corresponding to the target time, wherein the imaging result indicates the topographic structure of the target area at the stratum position corresponding to the target time.
可选地，所述震源波场和接收波场的传播方向上包括多个时刻；Optionally, the propagation directions of the source wavefield and the receiving wavefield include multiple moments;
将所述多个时刻中每个时刻作为目标时刻，以获取所述多个时刻中各个时刻对应的成像结果；Taking each of the multiple moments as a target moment, so as to obtain an imaging result corresponding to each of the multiple moments;
将所述多个时刻中各个时刻的成像结果叠加，得到针对所述目标地区的地形结构图像。The imaging results at each of the multiple moments are superimposed to obtain a terrain structure image for the target area.
可选地，所述目标地区配置有震源，所述震源用于发射理论雷克子波，以得到所述震源波场。Optionally, the target area is equipped with a seismic source, and the seismic source is used to emit theoretical Ricker wavelets to obtain the seismic source wave field.
可选地，所述目标地区配置有检波器，所述接收波场是指以所述检波器记录的接收信号为源信号得到的接收波场。Optionally, the target area is equipped with a detector, and the received wave field refers to a received wave field obtained by taking a received signal recorded by the detector as a source signal.
另一方面，提供了一种基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像装置，所述装置包括：On the other hand, a reverse time migration imaging device based on wave field separation is provided, the device comprising:
获取模块，用于获取目标时刻时震源波场的波印廷矢量和接收波场的波印廷矢量，所述目标时刻为所述震源波场和所述接收波场的传播方向上的任一同一时刻，所述震源波场和所述接收波场为用于勘测目标地区的地形结构的波场；An acquisition module, used for acquiring the Poynting vector of the source wave field and the Poynting vector of the receiving wave field at a target time, wherein the target time is any same time in the propagation direction of the source wave field and the receiving wave field, and the source wave field and the receiving wave field are wave fields used for surveying the topographic structure of the target area;
分解模块，用于对所述震源波场的波印廷矢量进行分解，获得所述目标时刻时所述震源波场的下行右行波、下行左行波、上行右行波以及上行左行波，对所述接收波场的波印廷矢量进行分解，获得所述目标时刻时所述接收波场的下行右行波、下行左行波、上行右行波以及上行左行波；a decomposition module, configured to decompose the Poynting vector of the source wavefield to obtain the downgoing right-traveling wave, downgoing left-traveling wave, upgoing right-traveling wave and upgoing left-traveling wave of the source wavefield at the target time, and decompose the Poynting vector of the receiving wavefield to obtain the downgoing right-traveling wave, downgoing left-traveling wave, upgoing right-traveling wave and upgoing left-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time;
组合模块，用于将所述目标时刻时所述震源波场下行右行波和所述目标时刻时所述接收波场上行左行波组合、将所述目标时刻时所述震源波场下行左行波和所述目标时刻时所述接收波场上行右行波组合、将所述目标时刻时所述震源波场上行右行波和所述目标时刻时所述接收波场下行左行波组合、将所述目标时刻时所述震源波场上行左行波和所述目标时刻时所述接收波场下行右行波组合，分别得到第一成像结果、第二成像结果、第三成像结果以及第四成像结果；a combining module, for combining the downward right-traveling wave of the seismic source wavefield at the target time with the upward left-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time, combining the downward left-traveling wave of the seismic source wavefield at the target time with the upward right-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time, combining the upward right-traveling wave of the seismic source wavefield at the target time with the downward left-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time, and combining the upward left-traveling wave of the seismic source wavefield at the target time with the downward right-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time, to respectively obtain a first imaging result, a second imaging result, a third imaging result, and a fourth imaging result;
叠加模块，用于将所述第一成像结果、所述第二成像结果、所述第三成像结果以及所述第四成像结果叠加，得到所述目标时刻对应的成像结果，所述成像结果指示所述目标地区在与所述目标时刻对应的地层位置处的地形结构。The superposition module is used to superimpose the first imaging result, the second imaging result, the third imaging result and the fourth imaging result to obtain the imaging result corresponding to the target time, and the imaging result indicates the terrain structure of the target area at the stratigraphic position corresponding to the target time.
可选地，所述震源波场和接收波场的传播方向上包括多个时刻，所述获取模块还用于：Optionally, the propagation directions of the source wavefield and the receiving wavefield include multiple moments, and the acquisition module is further used to:
将所述多个时刻中每个时刻作为目标时刻，以获取所述多个时刻中各个时刻对应的成像结果；Taking each of the multiple moments as a target moment, so as to obtain an imaging result corresponding to each of the multiple moments;
将所述多个时刻中各个时刻的成像结果叠加，得到针对所述目标地区的地形结构图像。The imaging results at each of the multiple moments are superimposed to obtain a terrain structure image for the target area.
可选地，所述装置还包括：Optionally, the device further comprises:
配置模块，用于所述目标地区配置有震源，所述震源用于发射理论雷克子波，以得到所述震源波场。A configuration module is used to configure a seismic source in the target area, wherein the seismic source is used to emit theoretical Ricker wavelets to obtain the seismic source wave field.
可选地，其特征在于，Optionally, it is characterized in that
配置模块，还用于所述目标地区配置有检波器，所述接收波场是指以所述检波器记录的接收信号为源信号得到的信号波场。The configuration module is also used to configure a detector in the target area, and the received wave field refers to a signal wave field obtained by taking the received signal recorded by the detector as the source signal.
另一方面，提供了一种计算机设备，所述计算机设备包括：In another aspect, a computer device is provided, the computer device comprising:
处理器；processor;
用于存储处理器可执行指令的存储器；a memory for storing processor-executable instructions;
其中，所述处理器被配置为执行上述所述的基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法。Wherein, the processor is configured to execute the above-mentioned reverse time migration imaging method based on wave field separation.
另一方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有指令，所述指令被处理器执行时实现上述所述的基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法。On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which instructions are stored, and when the instructions are executed by a processor, the above-mentioned reverse time migration imaging method based on wave field separation is implemented.
本申请实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果至少包括：The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application include at least:
本申请实施例通过将震源波场和接收波场分别分解为下行右行波、下行左行波、上行右行波以及上行左行波，将震源波场下行右行波和接收波场上行左行波组合、将震源波场下行左行波和接收波场上行右行波组合、将震源波场上行右行波和接收波场下行左行波组合、将震源波场上行左行波和接收波场下行右行波组合，将上述组合得到的成像结果相加得到每一时刻对应的成像结果。由于上述组合中没有震源波场下行右行波和接收波场上行右行波冗余组合等，即没有震源波场和接收波场沿相同传播方向的行波组合。因此，减少了剖面底层结构的强能量低频噪音，使得成像结果中信噪比更高，得到的目标地区的地形结构的图像清晰度更高。The embodiment of the present application decomposes the source wave field and the receiving wave field into a downward right-traveling wave, a downward left-traveling wave, an upward right-traveling wave and an upward left-traveling wave, respectively, combines the downward right-traveling wave of the source wave field with the upward left-traveling wave of the receiving wave field, combines the downward left-traveling wave of the source wave field with the upward right-traveling wave of the receiving wave field, combines the upward right-traveling wave of the source wave field with the downward left-traveling wave of the receiving wave field, and combines the upward left-traveling wave of the source wave field with the downward right-traveling wave of the receiving wave field, and adds the imaging results obtained by the above combinations to obtain the imaging result corresponding to each moment. Since there is no redundant combination of the downward right-traveling wave of the source wave field and the upward right-traveling wave of the receiving wave field in the above combinations, that is, there is no combination of the traveling waves of the source wave field and the receiving wave field along the same propagation direction. Therefore, the strong energy low-frequency noise of the underlying structure of the profile is reduced, so that the signal-to-noise ratio in the imaging result is higher, and the image clarity of the terrain structure of the target area obtained is higher.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法流程图；FIG1 is a flow chart of a reverse time migration imaging method based on wave field separation provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种速度场模型的结构示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a velocity field model provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种目标时刻时震源波场的波形分布示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of waveform distribution of a seismic source wave field at a target time provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图4是本申请实施例提供的一种目标时刻时接收波场的波行分布示意图；FIG4 is a schematic diagram of wave distribution of a received wave field at a target time provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种波场传播的结构示意图；FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of wave field propagation provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图6本申请实施例提供的一种目标时刻时震源波场的传播方向示意图；FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the propagation direction of a source wave field at a target time provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图7本申请实施例提供的一种目标时刻时接收波场的传播方向示意图；FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a propagation direction of a received wave field at a target time provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种目标时刻时震源波场分解后的波形分布示意图；FIG8 is a schematic diagram of waveform distribution after decomposition of a source wave field at a target time provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种目标时刻时接收波场分解后的波形分布示意图；FIG9 is a schematic diagram of waveform distribution after decomposition of a received wave field at a target time provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图10是采用本申请实施例提供的方法得到的目标地区的地形结构示意图；FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the topographic structure of the target area obtained by the method provided in the embodiment of the present application;
图11是震源波场上下行波和接收波场上下行波互相关得到的地形结构示意图；FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the topographic structure obtained by cross-correlating the up-down waves of the source wave field and the up-down waves of the receiving wave field;
图12是震源波场行波和接收波场行波互相关得到的地形结构示意图；FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the topographic structure obtained by cross-correlating the traveling waves of the source wave field and the traveling waves of the receiving wave field;
图13是本申请实施例提供的一种基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像装置的结构示意图；FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a reverse time migration imaging device based on wave field separation provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种终端的结构示意图。FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请实施方式作进一步地详细描述。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the implementation methods of the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法流程图，该基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法可以包括如下几个步骤。FIG1 is a flow chart of a reverse time migration imaging method based on wavefield separation provided in an embodiment of the present application. The reverse time migration imaging method based on wavefield separation may include the following steps.
步骤101：获取目标时刻时震源波场的波印廷矢量和接收波场的波印廷矢量，目标时刻为震源波场和接收波场的传播方向上的任一同一时刻，震源波场和接收波场为用于勘测目标地区的地形结构的波场。Step 101: Obtain the Poynting vector of the source wavefield and the Poynting vector of the receiving wavefield at a target time, wherein the target time is any same time in the propagation direction of the source wavefield and the receiving wavefield, and the source wavefield and the receiving wavefield are wavefields used to survey the topographic structure of the target area.
目标地区配置有震源，震源用于发射理论雷克子波，以得到震源波场。A seismic source is configured in the target area, and the seismic source is used to emit theoretical Ricker wavelets to obtain the seismic source wave field.
震源波场是指震源信号向地下传播形成的。震源信号为地震子波中的一种。在一种可能的实现方式中，选择地震子波中理论雷克子波作为震源信号。当然，也可以选择其他类型的地震子波，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。The source wave field refers to the source signal propagating underground. The source signal is a type of seismic wavelet. In a possible implementation, the theoretical Ricker wavelet in the seismic wavelet is selected as the source signal. Of course, other types of seismic wavelets can also be selected, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this.
震源信号基于波动方程向下传播，也可以说是震源信号基于波动方程外推传播。波动方程表述了震源波场中每个点在不同时刻的位移和传播规律。波动方程的数值解方法包括有限差分法、频率-波数域法和有限元法。在一种可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例采用有限差分法。在一种可能的实现方式中，采用时间2阶、空间10阶有限差分算法向下传播震源信号。震源信号向下传播过程中形成震源波场。当然，也可以采用其他形式的波动方程数值解方法，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。The source signal propagates downward based on the wave equation, or it can be said that the source signal propagates based on the extrapolation of the wave equation. The wave equation describes the displacement and propagation law of each point in the source wave field at different times. The numerical solution methods of the wave equation include the finite difference method, the frequency-wavenumber domain method and the finite element method. In one possible implementation, the embodiment of the present application adopts the finite difference method. In one possible implementation, a 2nd order in time and a 10th order in space finite difference algorithm is used to propagate the source signal downward. The source wave field is formed in the process of the source signal propagating downward. Of course, other forms of numerical solution methods of wave equations can also be used, and the embodiments of the present application do not make specific limitations on this.
当震源信号传播到边界时，采用PML(perfectly matched layer，完全匹配层)边界条件处理。震源信号传播的边界为人为规定的边界，为了减少震源信号在人为边界处的反射波，可以采用阻尼衰减方法或PML边界条件方法等。PML边界条件为目前精度最高的吸收边界条件，即最大程度上的衰减边界的反射波，使得震源信号传播到边界时能尽可能被吸收，从而减少噪音。当然，也可以采用其他形式的边界条件，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。When the source signal propagates to the boundary, the PML (perfectly matched layer) boundary condition is used for processing. The boundary where the source signal propagates is an artificially defined boundary. In order to reduce the reflected wave of the source signal at the artificial boundary, the damping attenuation method or the PML boundary condition method can be used. The PML boundary condition is the most accurate absorption boundary condition currently, that is, it attenuates the reflected wave of the boundary to the greatest extent, so that the source signal can be absorbed as much as possible when it propagates to the boundary, thereby reducing noise. Of course, other forms of boundary conditions can also be used, and the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this.
在一种可能的实现方式中，基于PML边界条件的时间2阶、空间10阶有限差分算法具体可以通过如下公式表示：In a possible implementation, the time 2nd order and space 10th order finite difference algorithm based on PML boundary conditions can be specifically expressed by the following formula:
其中，为空间位置i和空间位置j处n+1时刻的波场值，为空间位置i和空间位置j处n时刻的波场值，为空间位置i+k和空间位置j处n时刻的波场值，为空间位置i-k和空间位置j处n时刻的波场值，为空间位置i和空间位置j+k处n时刻(1)的波场值，为空间位置i和空间位置j-k处n时刻的波场值，k为刚度矩阵，Δt为外推时间步长，V为传播介质的速度，A(i,j)为空间位置i和空间位置j处的衰减因子，Δx为变化的i方向的空间步长，Δy为变化的j方向的空间步长，ck为差分系数，Σ为求和符号。in, is the wave field value at time n+1 at spatial position i and spatial position j, is the wave field value at time n at spatial position i and spatial position j, is the wave field value at time n at spatial position i+k and spatial position j, is the wave field value at time n at spatial position ik and spatial position j, is the wave field value at time n (1) at spatial position i and spatial position j+k, is the wave field value at time n at spatial position i and spatial position jk, k is the stiffness matrix, Δt is the extrapolation time step, V is the velocity of the propagation medium, A(i,j) is the attenuation factor at spatial position i and spatial position j, Δx is the spatial step of the change in the i direction, Δy is the spatial step of the change in the j direction,ck is the difference coefficient, and Σ is the summation sign.
对于公式(1)中的速度V，在一种可能的实现方式中，图2是本申请实施例提供的一种速度场模型的结构示意图。参见图2，x轴为沿着地面水平方向，y轴为沿着地面朝地下的垂直深度方向。在图2中，在2000m/s和3000m/s出现的转折是模拟了地下断层结构。当然，也可以采用均匀速度场等模型，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。For the velocity V in formula (1), in a possible implementation, FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a velocity field model provided in an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG2 , the x-axis is in the horizontal direction along the ground, and the y-axis is in the vertical depth direction along the ground toward the underground. In FIG2 , the turning point at 2000 m/s and 3000 m/s simulates the underground fault structure. Of course, models such as uniform velocity field can also be used, and the embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit this.
按照公式(1)外推震源信号，模拟并存储每一时间步长内的震源波场数值。即模拟并存储目标时刻时的震源波场数值。图3是本申请实施例提供的一种目标时刻时震源波场的波形分布示意图。According to formula (1), the source signal is extrapolated, and the source wave field value in each time step is simulated and stored. That is, the source wave field value at the target time is simulated and stored. FIG3 is a waveform distribution diagram of the source wave field at the target time provided by an embodiment of the present application.
目标地区配置有检波器，接收波场是指以检波器记录的接收信号为源信号得到的接收波场。The target area is equipped with a detector, and the received wave field refers to the received wave field obtained by taking the received signal recorded by the detector as the source signal.
当震源信号向地下传播的过程中，由于地下的地形结构复杂，使得震源信号向下传播的波不断的被反射。在地面上布置有检波器，用于接收地下反射回来的各种频率的波，并存储了从零时刻到最大时刻的震源波场的接收波场。检测器中存储的接收波场也可以称为接收信号。When the source signal propagates underground, the waves propagating downward from the source signal are constantly reflected due to the complex underground terrain structure. Detectors are arranged on the ground to receive waves of various frequencies reflected from underground and store the received wave field of the source wave field from zero time to maximum time. The received wave field stored in the detector can also be called a received signal.
当在地面上的人工炮点向地下发射震源信号时，将检波器记录的接收信号作为源信号也同时向地下发射。需要注意的是，检波器中的接收波场向地下发射时，是从最大时刻的接收波场开始向下传播波场。因此，接收波场向下传播过程也可以称为逆时传播过程，形成的波场称为逆时延拓波场。震源波场向下传播过程称为正向传播过程，形成的波场称为正向延拓波场。例如，震源信号向下传播时长为1s到6s，接收波场接收时间也即为1s到6s，当检波器向地下传播接收波场时，是从6s时刻接收到的接收波场开始向下传播的。When the artificial shot point on the ground transmits the source signal underground, the receiving signal recorded by the detector is also transmitted underground as the source signal. It should be noted that when the receiving wave field in the detector is transmitted underground, the wave field is propagated downward from the receiving wave field at the maximum moment. Therefore, the downward propagation process of the receiving wave field can also be called the reverse time propagation process, and the wave field formed is called the reverse time extension wave field. The downward propagation process of the source wave field is called the forward propagation process, and the wave field formed is called the forward extension wave field. For example, the downward propagation time of the source signal is 1s to 6s, and the receiving wave field reception time is also 1s to 6s. When the detector propagates the receiving wave field underground, it starts to propagate downward from the receiving wave field received at the 6s moment.
按照公式(1)从最大时刻逆时外推接收波场，模拟并存储每一时间步长内的接收波场数值。即模拟并存储目标时刻时的接收波场数值。图4是本申请实施例提供的一种目标时刻时接收波场的波形分布示意图。According to formula (1), the received wave field is extrapolated from the maximum time in reverse time, and the received wave field value in each time step is simulated and stored. That is, the received wave field value at the target time is simulated and stored. FIG4 is a waveform distribution diagram of the received wave field at the target time provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种波场传播的结构示意图。波场的传播过程是能量的传播过程，波印廷矢量(poynting vector)可以指波场中能流密度矢量，是描述波场的能量传输的物理量，即波场是通过能流的形式传输的。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a wave field propagation structure provided by an embodiment of the present application. The wave field propagation process is the energy propagation process, and the Poynting vector may refer to the energy flow density vector in the wave field, which is a physical quantity describing the energy transmission of the wave field, that is, the wave field is transmitted in the form of energy flow.
在一种可能的实现方式中，震源波场的波印廷矢量具体可以通过如下公式表示：In a possible implementation, the Poynting vector of the source wave field can be specifically expressed by the following formula:
其中，Pg为震源波场波印廷矢量，pgx为Pg的水平分量，pgz为Pg的垂直分量。通过公式(2)可以获取目标时刻时震源波场的波印廷矢量。Among them,Pg is the Poynting vector of the source wave field,pgx is the horizontal component ofPg , andpgz is the vertical component ofPg . The Poynting vector of the source wave field at the target time can be obtained by formula (2).
在一种可能的实现方式中，接收波场的波印廷矢量具体可以通过如下公式表示：In a possible implementation, the Poynting vector of the received wave field can be specifically expressed by the following formula:
其中，Ps为接收波场波印廷矢量，psx为Ps的水平分量，psz为Ps的垂直分量。通过公式(3)可以获取目标时刻时接收波场的波印廷矢量。Wherein,Ps is the Poynting vector of the received wave field,psx is the horizontal component ofPs , andpsz is the vertical component ofPs . The Poynting vector of the received wave field at the target time can be obtained by formula (3).
步骤102：对震源波场的波印廷矢量进行分解，获得目标时刻时震源波场的下行右行波、下行左行波、上行右行波以及上行左行波，对接收波场的波印廷矢量进行分解，获得目标时刻时接收波场的下行右行波、下行左行波、上行右行波以及上行左行波。Step 102: Decompose the Poynting vector of the source wavefield to obtain the downward right-traveling wave, downward left-traveling wave, upward right-traveling wave and upward left-traveling wave of the source wavefield at the target time, and decompose the Poynting vector of the receiving wavefield to obtain the downward right-traveling wave, downward left-traveling wave, upward right-traveling wave and upward left-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time.
震源波场和接收波场沿同一方向传播，在多个反射界面中被反射，产生了不同方向的反射波和入射波。因此，对于目标时刻的某一确定位置的震源波场存在多个方向。如图6所示，图6本申请实施例提供的一种目标时刻时震源波场的传播方向示意图。以一个水平反射层为例，震源波场的入射波在反射层上产生了反射波和折射波。波行进的方向即能量传播方向和规定正向运动方向一致为下行波，波行进方向即能量传播方向和规定正向运动方向相反为上行波。能量传播方向为向右传播的为右行波，能量传播方向为向左传播的为左行波。The source wavefield and the receiving wavefield propagate in the same direction, are reflected in multiple reflection interfaces, and generate reflected waves and incident waves in different directions. Therefore, there are multiple directions for the source wavefield at a certain position at the target time. As shown in Figure 6, Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the propagation direction of the source wavefield at a target time provided by an embodiment of the present application. Taking a horizontal reflection layer as an example, the incident wave of the source wavefield generates reflected waves and refracted waves on the reflection layer. The direction of wave travel, that is, the direction of energy propagation, is consistent with the prescribed forward motion direction, which is a downgoing wave, and the direction of wave travel, that is, the direction of energy propagation, is opposite to the prescribed forward motion direction, which is an upgoing wave. The energy propagation direction to the right is a right-traveling wave, and the energy propagation direction to the left is a left-traveling wave.
同样，对于目标时刻的某一确定位置的接收波场存在多个方向。如图7所示，图7本申请实施例提供的一种目标时刻时接收波场的传播方向示意图。以一个水平反射层为例，接收波场的入射波在反射层上产生了反射波和折射波。波行进的方向即能量传播方向和规定正向运动方向一致为下行波，波行进方向即能量传播方向和规定正向运动方向相反为上行波。能量传播方向为向右传播的为右行波，能量传播方向为向左传播的为左行波。Similarly, there are multiple directions for the received wave field at a certain position at the target moment. As shown in Figure 7, Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the propagation direction of the received wave field at a target moment provided by an embodiment of the present application. Taking a horizontal reflection layer as an example, the incident wave of the received wave field generates a reflected wave and a refracted wave on the reflection layer. The direction of wave travel, that is, the direction of energy propagation, is consistent with the prescribed forward motion direction, which is a downgoing wave, and the direction of wave travel, that is, the direction of energy propagation, is opposite to the prescribed forward motion direction, which is an upgoing wave. The energy propagation direction is rightward for propagation, and the energy propagation direction is leftward for propagation, which is a leftward for propagation.
基于数值模拟的震源波场的具体波场分解过程为：对震源波场的波印廷矢量沿铅锤方向和水平方向进行分解，即将震源波场按照x方向和z方向进行分解，z分量的正负分别代表上行和下行，x分量的正负分别代表右行和左行，从而得到震源波场上行右行波震源波场下行左行波震源波场的上行左行波震源波场的下行右行波The specific wave field decomposition process of the source wave field based on numerical simulation is as follows: the Poynting vector of the source wave field is decomposed along the plumb direction and the horizontal direction, that is, the source wave field is decomposed according to the x direction and the z direction. The positive and negative z components represent the upward and downward directions, respectively, and the positive and negative x components represent the right and left directions, respectively, so as to obtain the upward and right-traveling wave of the source wave field. Downward and leftward wave of the earthquake source wave field Upward and leftward waves in the source wave field Downward rightward wave of the source wave field
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种目标时刻时震源波场分解后的波形分布示意图。如图8所示，目标时刻时震源波场的上行右行波1、下行左行波2、上行右行波3以及上行左行波4在图8的对应位置上。Fig. 8 is a waveform distribution diagram of a decomposed source wave field at a target time provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 8, the upgoing right-traveling wave 1, the downgoing left-traveling wave 2, the upgoing right-traveling wave 3 and the upgoing left-traveling wave 4 of the source wave field at the target time are at corresponding positions in Fig. 8.
基于数值模拟的接收波场的具体波场分解过程为：对接收波场的波印廷矢量沿铅锤方向和水平方向进行分解，即将接收波场按照x方向和z方向进行分解，z分量的正负分别代表上行和下行，x分量的正负分别代表右行和左行，从而得到接收波场上行右行波接收波场下行左行波接收波场的上行左行波接收波场的下行右行波The specific wave field decomposition process of the receiving wave field based on numerical simulation is as follows: the Poynting vector of the receiving wave field is decomposed along the plumb direction and the horizontal direction, that is, the receiving wave field is decomposed according to the x direction and the z direction. The positive and negative z components represent the uplink and downlink respectively, and the positive and negative x components represent the right and left directions respectively, thereby obtaining the uplink and right-traveling wave of the receiving wave field. Receive wave field downlink left wave Receive the upward left-going wave of the wave field Receive the downgoing right-traveling wave of the wave field
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种目标时刻时接收波场分解后的波形分布示意图。如图9所示，目标时刻时接收波场的上行右行波1、下行左行波2、上行右行波3以及上行左行波4在图9的对应位置上。Fig. 9 is a waveform distribution diagram of a received wave field after decomposition at a target time provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Fig. 9, an upgoing right-traveling wave 1, a downgoing left-traveling wave 2, an upgoing right-traveling wave 3, and an upgoing left-traveling wave 4 of the received wave field at the target time are at corresponding positions in Fig. 9.
为了压制噪音，提高算法的稳定性，在一种可能的实现方式中，对计算得到的各个分量进行空间中值滤波。当然，对计算得到的各个分量也可以进行均值滤波等方法来压制噪音，本申请实施例对此不做具体限定。In order to suppress noise and improve the stability of the algorithm, in a possible implementation, each calculated component is subjected to spatial median filtering. Of course, each calculated component can also be subjected to mean filtering or other methods to suppress noise, which is not specifically limited in the present embodiment.
步骤103：将目标时刻时震源波场下行右行波和目标时刻时接收波场上行左行波组合、将目标时刻时震源波场下行左行波和目标时刻时接收波场上行右行波组合、将目标时刻时震源波场上行右行波和目标时刻时接收波场下行左行波组合、将目标时刻时震源波场上行左行波和目标时刻时接收波场下行右行波组合，分别得到第一成像结果、第二成像结果、第三成像结果以及第四成像结果。Step 103: Combine the downward right-traveling wave of the seismic source wavefield at the target time with the upward left-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time, combine the downward left-traveling wave of the seismic source wavefield at the target time with the upward right-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time, combine the upward right-traveling wave of the seismic source wavefield at the target time with the downward left-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time, and combine the upward left-traveling wave of the seismic source wavefield at the target time with the downward right-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield at the target time, to obtain a first imaging result, a second imaging result, a third imaging result, and a fourth imaging result, respectively.
将目标时刻时震源波场下行右行波和目标时刻时接收波场上行左行波组合的数值模拟公式为：The numerical simulation formula for combining the downgoing right-traveling wave of the source wave field at the target time and the upgoing left-traveling wave of the receiving wave field at the target time is:
将目标时刻时震源波场下行左行波和目标时刻时接收波场上行右行波组合的数值模拟公式为：The numerical simulation formula for combining the downward left-traveling wave of the source wave field at the target time and the upward right-traveling wave of the receiving wave field at the target time is:
将目标时刻时震源波场上行右行波和目标时刻时接收波场下行左行波组合的数值模拟公式为：The numerical simulation formula for combining the upward right-traveling wave of the source wave field at the target time and the downward left-traveling wave of the receiving wave field at the target time is:
将目标时刻时震源波场上行左行波和目标时刻时接收波场下行右行波组合的数值模拟公式为：The numerical simulation formula for combining the upward left-traveling wave of the source wave field at the target time and the downward right-traveling wave of the receiving wave field at the target time is:
上述组合为震源波场和接收波场沿不同传播方向的组合，没有震源波场和接收波场沿相同传播方向的组合，即没有震源波场下行右行波和接收波场上行右行波冗余组合等。因此，减少了剖面底层结构的强能量低频噪音，使得成像结果中信噪比更高，得到的目标地区的地质形状的图像清晰度更高。The above combination is a combination of the source wavefield and the receiving wavefield in different propagation directions, and there is no combination of the source wavefield and the receiving wavefield in the same propagation direction, that is, there is no redundant combination of the downgoing right-traveling wave of the source wavefield and the upgoing right-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield, etc. Therefore, the strong energy low-frequency noise of the underlying structure of the profile is reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio in the imaging result is higher, and the image clarity of the geological shape of the target area is higher.
步骤104：将第一成像结果、第二成像结果、第三成像结果以及第四成像结果叠加，得到目标时刻对应的成像结果，成像结果指示目标地区在与目标时刻对应的地层位置处的地形结构。Step 104: superimpose the first imaging result, the second imaging result, the third imaging result and the fourth imaging result to obtain an imaging result corresponding to the target time, wherein the imaging result indicates the topographic structure of the target area at the stratum position corresponding to the target time.
震源波场和接收波场外推传播过程中，随着时间向地下传播，每一时刻对应着震源波场和接收波场向地下传播的位置。将目标时刻的第一成像结果、目标时刻的第二成像结果、目标时刻的第三成像结果以及目标时刻的第四成像结果叠加，便得到了目标时刻对应的地层位置处的地形结构的成像结果。During the extrapolation of the source wave field and the receiving wave field, as time goes underground, each moment corresponds to the position where the source wave field and the receiving wave field propagate underground. The first imaging result at the target moment, the second imaging result at the target moment, the third imaging result at the target moment, and the fourth imaging result at the target moment are superimposed to obtain the imaging result of the topographic structure at the stratigraphic position corresponding to the target moment.
震源波场和接收波场的传播方向上包括多个时刻，将多个时刻中每个时刻作为目标时刻，以获取多个时刻中各个时刻对应的成像结果，将多个时刻中各个时刻的成像结果叠加，得到针对目标地区的地形结构图像。The propagation directions of the source wave field and the receiving wave field include multiple moments, and each of the multiple moments is taken as a target moment to obtain the imaging results corresponding to each of the multiple moments. The imaging results of each of the multiple moments are superimposed to obtain a terrain structure image for the target area.
在一种可能的实现方式中，得到地形结构图像过程具体可以通过如下公式表示：In a possible implementation, the process of obtaining the terrain structure image can be specifically expressed by the following formula:
其中，I为成像值，为目标时刻时震源波场上行右行波，为目标时刻时震源波场下行左行波，为目标时刻时震源波场的上行左行波，为目标时刻时震源波场的下行右行波，为目标时刻时接收波场上行右行波，为目标时刻时接收波场下行左行波，为目标时刻时接收波场的上行左行波，为目标时刻时接收波场的下行右行波。Where I is the imaging value, is the upward right-traveling wave in the source wave field at the target time, is the downward and left-traveling wave of the source wave field at the target time. is the upward left-traveling wave of the source wave field at the target time, is the downward right-traveling wave of the source wave field at the target time, At the target time, the wave field is received with the upward right-going wave. Receive the left-traveling wave of the wave field at the target time. is the upward left-going wave of the received wave field at the target time, It is the downward and rightward wave of the received wave field at the target time.
公式(4)也可以称为互相关成像条件。也即是对震源波场和接收波场的分解波场进行组合后，使用互相关成像条件进行成像。Formula (4) can also be called the cross-correlation imaging condition, that is, after combining the decomposed wave fields of the source wave field and the receiving wave field, the cross-correlation imaging condition is used for imaging.
在人工炮点向地下发射震源信号，同时检波器也向地下发射接收波场，将震源波场的分解波场和接收波场的分解波场互相关叠加得到成像值，也即模拟出了目标地区的地形结构图像。The source signal is emitted underground at the artificial shot point, and the detector also emits the receiving wave field underground. The decomposed wave field of the source wave field and the decomposed wave field of the receiving wave field are cross-correlated and superimposed to obtain the imaging value, which simulates the terrain structure image of the target area.
为了得到更加清晰的地形结构图像，在得到成像值后，在人工炮点再次发射震源信号，同时检波器再次发射接收波场，再执行步骤101至步骤104得到成像值I2。然后人工炮点和检波器再次发射，获取多个成像值IN，将多个成像值相加，得到清晰的地形结构图像。In order to obtain a clearer topographic structure image, after obtaining the imaging value, the source signal is emitted again at the artificial shot point, and the geophone emits the receiving wave field again, and then steps 101 to 104 are performed to obtain the imaging value I2 . Then the artificial shot point and the geophone emit again to obtain multiple imaging values IN , and the multiple imaging values are added to obtain a clear topographic structure image.
图10是采用本申请实施例提供的方法得到的目标地区的地形结构示意图。为了进行对比，图11是震源波场上下行波和接收波场上下行波互相关得到的地形结构示意图。图12是震源波场行波和接收波场行波互相关得到的地形结构示意图。图11和图10相比，图10的地形结构更加清晰，且强能量的低频噪音更少。FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the topographic structure of the target area obtained by the method provided in the embodiment of the present application. For comparison, FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the topographic structure obtained by cross-correlating the up-down waves of the source wave field with the up-down waves of the receiving wave field. FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the topographic structure obtained by cross-correlating the traveling waves of the source wave field with the traveling waves of the receiving wave field. Compared with FIG11 and FIG10, the topographic structure of FIG10 is clearer, and the low-frequency noise of strong energy is less.
综上所述，本申请实施例通过将震源波场和接收波场分别分解为下行右行波、下行左行波、上行右行波以及上行左行波，将震源波场下行右行波和接收波场上行左行波组合、将震源波场下行左行波和接收波场上行右行波组合、将震源波场上行右行波和接收波场下行左行波组合、将震源波场上行左行波和接收波场下行右行波组合，将上述组合得到的成像结果相加得到每一时刻对应的成像结果。由于上述组合中没有震源波场下行右行波和接收波场上行右行波冗余组合等，即没有震源波场和接收波场沿相同传播方向的行波组合。因此，减少了剖面底层结构的强能量低频噪音，使得成像结果中信噪比更高，得到的目标地区的地形结构的图像清晰度更高。In summary, the embodiment of the present application decomposes the source wavefield and the receiving wavefield into a downward right-traveling wave, a downward left-traveling wave, an upward right-traveling wave and an upward left-traveling wave, respectively, combines the downward right-traveling wave of the source wavefield with the upward left-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield, combines the downward left-traveling wave of the source wavefield with the upward right-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield, combines the upward right-traveling wave of the source wavefield with the downward left-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield, and combines the upward left-traveling wave of the source wavefield with the downward right-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield, and adds the imaging results obtained by the above combinations to obtain the imaging result corresponding to each moment. Since there is no redundant combination of the downward right-traveling wave of the source wavefield and the upward right-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield in the above combinations, that is, there is no combination of the traveling waves of the source wavefield and the receiving wavefield along the same propagation direction. Therefore, the strong energy low-frequency noise of the underlying structure of the profile is reduced, so that the signal-to-noise ratio in the imaging result is higher, and the image clarity of the terrain structure of the target area obtained is higher.
上述所有可选技术方案，均可按照任意结合形成本申请的可选实施例，本申请实施例对此不再一一赘述。All the above optional technical solutions can be combined in any way to form optional embodiments of the present application, and the embodiments of the present application will not be described in detail one by one.
图13是本申请实施例提供的一种基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像装置的结构示意图，如图13所示，该基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像装置1300可以包括如下几个模块。FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a reverse time migration imaging device based on wave field separation provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG13 , the reverse time migration imaging device 1300 based on wave field separation may include the following modules.
获取模块1301，用于获取目标时刻时震源波场的波印廷矢量和接收波场的波印廷矢量，目标时刻为震源波场和接收波场的传播方向上的任一同一时刻，震源波场和接收波场为用于勘测目标地区的地形结构的波场；An acquisition module 1301 is used to acquire the Poynting vector of the source wave field and the Poynting vector of the receiving wave field at a target time, wherein the target time is any same time in the propagation direction of the source wave field and the receiving wave field, and the source wave field and the receiving wave field are wave fields used to survey the topographic structure of the target area;
分解模块1302，用于对震源波场的波印廷矢量进行分解，获得目标时刻时震源波场的下行右行波、下行左行波、上行右行波以及上行左行波，对接收波场的波印廷矢量进行分解，获得目标时刻时接收波场的下行右行波、下行左行波、上行右行波以及上行左行波；The decomposition module 1302 is used to decompose the Poynting vector of the source wave field to obtain the downgoing right-traveling wave, downgoing left-traveling wave, upgoing right-traveling wave and upgoing left-traveling wave of the source wave field at the target time, and decompose the Poynting vector of the receiving wave field to obtain the downgoing right-traveling wave, downgoing left-traveling wave, upgoing right-traveling wave and upgoing left-traveling wave of the receiving wave field at the target time;
组合模块1303，用于将目标时刻时震源波场下行右行波和目标时刻时接收波场上行左行波组合、将目标时刻时震源波场下行左行波和目标时刻时接收波场上行右行波组合、将目标时刻时震源波场上行右行波和目标时刻时接收波场下行左行波组合、将目标时刻时震源波场上行左行波和目标时刻时接收波场下行右行波组合，分别得到第一成像结果、第二成像结果、第三成像结果以及第四成像结果；The combining module 1303 is used to combine the downward right-traveling wave of the seismic source wave field at the target time with the upward left-traveling wave of the receiving wave field at the target time, combine the downward left-traveling wave of the seismic source wave field at the target time with the upward right-traveling wave of the receiving wave field at the target time, combine the upward right-traveling wave of the seismic source wave field at the target time with the downward left-traveling wave of the receiving wave field at the target time, and combine the upward left-traveling wave of the seismic source wave field at the target time with the downward right-traveling wave of the receiving wave field at the target time, to respectively obtain a first imaging result, a second imaging result, a third imaging result, and a fourth imaging result;
叠加模块1304，用于将第一成像结果、第二成像结果、第三成像结果以及第四成像结果叠加，得到目标时刻对应的成像结果，成像结果指示目标地区在与目标时刻对应的地层位置处的地形结构。The superposition module 1304 is used to superimpose the first imaging result, the second imaging result, the third imaging result and the fourth imaging result to obtain an imaging result corresponding to the target time, and the imaging result indicates the terrain structure of the target area at the stratum position corresponding to the target time.
可选地，震源波场和接收波场的传播方向上包括多个时刻，获取模块1301还用于：Optionally, the propagation directions of the source wave field and the receiving wave field include multiple time points, and the acquisition module 1301 is further used to:
将多个时刻中每个时刻作为目标时刻，以获取多个时刻中各个时刻对应的成像结果；Taking each moment in the multiple moments as a target moment, so as to obtain an imaging result corresponding to each moment in the multiple moments;
将多个时刻中各个时刻的成像结果叠加，得到针对目标地区的地形结构图像。The imaging results at each of the multiple time points are superimposed to obtain a terrain structure image of the target area.
可选地，装置还包括：Optionally, the device further comprises:
配置模块1305，用于目标地区配置有震源，震源用于发射理论雷克子波，以得到震源波场。The configuration module 1305 is used to configure a seismic source in the target area, and the seismic source is used to emit theoretical Ricker wavelets to obtain a seismic source wave field.
可选地，配置模块1305，还用于目标地区配置有检波器，接收波场是指以检波器记录的接收信号为源信号得到的信号波场。Optionally, the configuration module 1305 is further used to configure a detector in the target area, and the received wave field refers to a signal wave field obtained by taking the received signal recorded by the detector as the source signal.
综上所述，本申请实施例通过将震源波场和接收波场分别分解为下行右行波、下行左行波、上行右行波以及上行左行波，将震源波场下行右行波和接收波场上行左行波组合、将震源波场下行左行波和接收波场上行右行波组合、将震源波场上行右行波和接收波场下行左行波组合、将震源波场上行左行波和接收波场下行右行波组合，将上述组合得到的成像结果相加得到每一时刻对应的成像结果。由于上述组合中没有震源波场下行右行波和接收波场上行右行波冗余组合等，即没有震源波场和接收波场沿相同传播方向的行波组合。因此，减少了剖面底层结构的强能量低频噪音，使得成像结果中信噪比更高，得到的目标地区的地形结构的图像清晰度更高。In summary, the embodiment of the present application decomposes the source wavefield and the receiving wavefield into a downward right-traveling wave, a downward left-traveling wave, an upward right-traveling wave and an upward left-traveling wave, respectively, combines the downward right-traveling wave of the source wavefield with the upward left-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield, combines the downward left-traveling wave of the source wavefield with the upward right-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield, combines the upward right-traveling wave of the source wavefield with the downward left-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield, and combines the upward left-traveling wave of the source wavefield with the downward right-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield, and adds the imaging results obtained by the above combinations to obtain the imaging result corresponding to each moment. Since there is no redundant combination of the downward right-traveling wave of the source wavefield and the upward right-traveling wave of the receiving wavefield in the above combinations, that is, there is no combination of the traveling waves of the source wavefield and the receiving wavefield along the same propagation direction. Therefore, the strong energy low-frequency noise of the underlying structure of the profile is reduced, so that the signal-to-noise ratio in the imaging result is higher, and the image clarity of the terrain structure of the target area obtained is higher.
需要说明的是：上述实施例提供的基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像装置在执行基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法时，仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。另外，上述实施例提供的基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像装置与基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法实施例属于同一构思，其具体实现过程详见方法实施例，这里不再赘述。It should be noted that: the reverse time migration imaging device based on wavefield separation provided in the above embodiment only uses the division of the above functional modules as an example when executing the reverse time migration imaging method based on wavefield separation. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the reverse time migration imaging device based on wavefield separation provided in the above embodiment and the reverse time migration imaging method based on wavefield separation belong to the same concept. The specific implementation process is detailed in the method embodiment and will not be repeated here.
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种终端1400的结构示意图。该终端1400可以是：智能手机、平板电脑、MP3播放器(Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer III，动态影像专家压缩标准音频层面3)、MP4(Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer IV，动态影像专家压缩标准音频层面4)播放器、笔记本电脑或台式电脑。终端1400还可能被称为用户设备、便携式终端、膝上型终端、台式终端等其他名称。FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal 1400 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The terminal 1400 may be: a smart phone, a tablet computer, an MP3 player (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer III), an MP4 player (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer IV), a laptop computer or a desktop computer. The terminal 1400 may also be called a user device, a portable terminal, a laptop terminal, a desktop terminal or other names.
通常，终端1400包括有：处理器1401和存储器1402。Typically, the terminal 1400 includes a processor 1401 and a memory 1402 .
处理器1401可以包括一个或多个处理核心，比如4核心处理器、8核心处理器等。处理器1401可以采用DSP(Digital Signal Processing，数字信号处理)、FPGA(Field－Programmable Gate Array，现场可编程门阵列)、PLA(Programmable Logic Array，可编程逻辑阵列)中的至少一种硬件形式来实现。处理器1401也可以包括主处理器和协处理器，主处理器是用于对在唤醒状态下的数据进行处理的处理器，也称CPU(Central ProcessingUnit，中央处理器)；协处理器是用于对在待机状态下的数据进行处理的低功耗处理器。在一些实施例中，处理器1401可以在集成有GPU(Graphics Processing Unit，图像处理器)，GPU用于负责显示屏所需要显示的内容的渲染和绘制。一些实施例中，处理器1401还可以包括AI(Artificial Intelligence，人工智能)处理器，该AI处理器用于处理有关机器学习的计算操作。The processor 1401 may include one or more processing cores, such as a 4-core processor, an 8-core processor, etc. The processor 1401 may be implemented in at least one hardware form of DSP (Digital Signal Processing), FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), and PLA (Programmable Logic Array). The processor 1401 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor. The main processor is a processor for processing data in the awake state, also known as a CPU (Central Processing Unit); the coprocessor is a low-power processor for processing data in the standby state. In some embodiments, the processor 1401 may be integrated with a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), which is responsible for rendering and drawing the content to be displayed on the display screen. In some embodiments, the processor 1401 may also include an AI (Artificial Intelligence) processor, which is used to process computing operations related to machine learning.
存储器1402可以包括一个或多个计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质可以是非暂态的。存储器1402还可包括高速随机存取存储器，以及非易失性存储器，比如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存存储设备。在一些实施例中，存储器1402中的非暂态的计算机可读存储介质用于存储至少一个指令，该至少一个指令用于被处理器1401所执行以实现本申请中方法实施例提供的基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法。The memory 1402 may include one or more computer-readable storage media, which may be non-transitory. The memory 1402 may also include a high-speed random access memory and a non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices and flash memory storage devices. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in the memory 1402 is used to store at least one instruction, which is used to be executed by the processor 1401 to implement the reverse time migration imaging method based on wave field separation provided in the method embodiment of the present application.
在一些实施例中，终端1400还可选包括有：外围设备接口1403和至少一个外围设备。处理器1401、存储器1402和外围设备接口1403之间可以通过总线或信号线相连。各个外围设备可以通过总线、信号线或电路板与外围设备接口1403相连。具体地，外围设备包括：射频电路1404、触摸显示屏1405、摄像头1406、音频电路1407、定位组件1408和电源1409中的至少一种。In some embodiments, the terminal 1400 may also optionally include: a peripheral device interface 1403 and at least one peripheral device. The processor 1401, the memory 1402 and the peripheral device interface 1403 may be connected via a bus or a signal line. Each peripheral device may be connected to the peripheral device interface 1403 via a bus, a signal line or a circuit board. Specifically, the peripheral device includes: at least one of a radio frequency circuit 1404, a touch display screen 1405, a camera 1406, an audio circuit 1407, a positioning component 1408 and a power supply 1409.
外围设备接口1403可被用于将I/O(Input/Output，输入/输出)相关的至少一个外围设备连接到处理器1401和存储器1402。在一些实施例中，处理器1401、存储器1402和外围设备接口1403被集成在同一芯片或电路板上；在一些其他实施例中，处理器1401、存储器1402和外围设备接口1403中的任意一个或两个可以在单独的芯片或电路板上实现，本实施例对此不加以限定。The peripheral device interface 1403 may be used to connect at least one peripheral device related to I/O (Input/Output) to the processor 1401 and the memory 1402. In some embodiments, the processor 1401, the memory 1402, and the peripheral device interface 1403 are integrated on the same chip or circuit board; in some other embodiments, any one or two of the processor 1401, the memory 1402, and the peripheral device interface 1403 may be implemented on a separate chip or circuit board, which is not limited in this embodiment.
射频电路1404用于接收和发射RF(Radio Frequency，射频)信号，也称电磁信号。射频电路1404通过电磁信号与通信网络以及其他通信设备进行通信。射频电路1404将电信号转换为电磁信号进行发送，或者，将接收到的电磁信号转换为电信号。可选地，射频电路1404包括：天线系统、RF收发器、一个或多个放大器、调谐器、振荡器、数字信号处理器、编解码芯片组、用户身份模块卡等等。射频电路1404可以通过至少一种无线通信协议来与其它终端进行通信。该无线通信协议包括但不限于：城域网、各代移动通信网络(2G、3G、4G及5G)、无线局域网和/或WiFi(Wireless Fidelity，无线保真)网络。在一些实施例中，射频电路1404还可以包括NFC(Near Field Communication，近距离无线通信)有关的电路，本申请对此不加以限定。The radio frequency circuit 1404 is used to receive and transmit RF (Radio Frequency) signals, also known as electromagnetic signals. The radio frequency circuit 1404 communicates with the communication network and other communication devices through electromagnetic signals. The radio frequency circuit 1404 converts the electrical signal into an electromagnetic signal for transmission, or converts the received electromagnetic signal into an electrical signal. Optionally, the radio frequency circuit 1404 includes: an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, an oscillator, a digital signal processor, a codec chipset, a user identity module card, and the like. The radio frequency circuit 1404 can communicate with other terminals through at least one wireless communication protocol. The wireless communication protocol includes, but is not limited to: a metropolitan area network, various generations of mobile communication networks (2G, 3G, 4G and 5G), a wireless local area network and/or a WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) network. In some embodiments, the radio frequency circuit 1404 may also include circuits related to NFC (Near Field Communication), which is not limited in this application.
显示屏1405用于显示UI(User Interface，用户界面)。该UI可以包括图形、文本、图标、视频及其它们的任意组合。当显示屏1405是触摸显示屏时，显示屏1405还具有采集在显示屏1405的表面或表面上方的触摸信号的能力。该触摸信号可以作为控制信号输入至处理器1401进行处理。此时，显示屏1405还可以用于提供虚拟按钮和/或虚拟键盘，也称软按钮和/或软键盘。在一些实施例中，显示屏1405可以为一个，设置终端1400的前面板；在另一些实施例中，显示屏1405可以为至少两个，分别设置在终端1400的不同表面或呈折叠设计；在再一些实施例中，显示屏1405可以是柔性显示屏，设置在终端1400的弯曲表面上或折叠面上。甚至，显示屏1405还可以设置成非矩形的不规则图形，也即异形屏。显示屏1405可以采用LCD(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示屏)、OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode,有机发光二极管)等材质制备。The display screen 1405 is used to display a UI (User Interface). The UI may include graphics, text, icons, videos, and any combination thereof. When the display screen 1405 is a touch display screen, the display screen 1405 also has the ability to collect touch signals on the surface or above the surface of the display screen 1405. The touch signal can be input to the processor 1401 as a control signal for processing. At this time, the display screen 1405 can also be used to provide virtual buttons and/or virtual keyboards, also known as soft buttons and/or soft keyboards. In some embodiments, the display screen 1405 can be one, and the front panel of the terminal 1400 is set; in other embodiments, the display screen 1405 can be at least two, which are respectively set on different surfaces of the terminal 1400 or are folded; in some other embodiments, the display screen 1405 can be a flexible display screen, which is set on the curved surface or folded surface of the terminal 1400. Even, the display screen 1405 can also be set to a non-rectangular irregular shape, that is, a special-shaped screen. The display screen 1405 can be made of materials such as LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode).
摄像头组件1406用于采集图像或视频。可选地，摄像头组件1406包括前置摄像头和后置摄像头。通常，前置摄像头设置在终端的前面板，后置摄像头设置在终端的背面。在一些实施例中，后置摄像头为至少两个，分别为主摄像头、景深摄像头、广角摄像头、长焦摄像头中的任意一种，以实现主摄像头和景深摄像头融合实现背景虚化功能、主摄像头和广角摄像头融合实现全景拍摄以及VR(Virtual Reality，虚拟现实)拍摄功能或者其它融合拍摄功能。在一些实施例中，摄像头组件1406还可以包括闪光灯。闪光灯可以是单色温闪光灯，也可以是双色温闪光灯。双色温闪光灯是指暖光闪光灯和冷光闪光灯的组合，可以用于不同色温下的光线补偿。The camera assembly 1406 is used to capture images or videos. Optionally, the camera assembly 1406 includes a front camera and a rear camera. Typically, the front camera is arranged on the front panel of the terminal, and the rear camera is arranged on the back of the terminal. In some embodiments, there are at least two rear cameras, which are any one of a main camera, a depth of field camera, a wide-angle camera, and a telephoto camera, so as to realize the fusion of the main camera and the depth of field camera to realize the background blur function, the fusion of the main camera and the wide-angle camera to realize the panoramic shooting and VR (Virtual Reality) shooting function or other fusion shooting functions. In some embodiments, the camera assembly 1406 may also include a flash. The flash can be a monochrome temperature flash or a dual-color temperature flash. A dual-color temperature flash refers to a combination of a warm light flash and a cold light flash, which can be used for light compensation at different color temperatures.
音频电路1407可以包括麦克风和扬声器。麦克风用于采集用户及环境的声波，并将声波转换为电信号输入至处理器1401进行处理，或者输入至射频电路1404以实现语音通信。出于立体声采集或降噪的目的，麦克风可以为多个，分别设置在终端1400的不同部位。麦克风还可以是阵列麦克风或全向采集型麦克风。扬声器则用于将来自处理器1401或射频电路1404的电信号转换为声波。扬声器可以是传统的薄膜扬声器，也可以是压电陶瓷扬声器。当扬声器是压电陶瓷扬声器时，不仅可以将电信号转换为人类可听见的声波，也可以将电信号转换为人类听不见的声波以进行测距等用途。在一些实施例中，音频电路1407还可以包括耳机插孔。The audio circuit 1407 may include a microphone and a speaker. The microphone is used to collect sound waves from the user and the environment, and convert the sound waves into electrical signals and input them into the processor 1401 for processing, or input them into the radio frequency circuit 1404 to achieve voice communication. For the purpose of stereo acquisition or noise reduction, there may be multiple microphones, which are respectively arranged at different parts of the terminal 1400. The microphone may also be an array microphone or an omnidirectional acquisition microphone. The speaker is used to convert the electrical signal from the processor 1401 or the radio frequency circuit 1404 into sound waves. The speaker may be a traditional film speaker or a piezoelectric ceramic speaker. When the speaker is a piezoelectric ceramic speaker, it can not only convert the electrical signal into sound waves audible to humans, but also convert the electrical signal into sound waves inaudible to humans for purposes such as ranging. In some embodiments, the audio circuit 1407 may also include a headphone jack.
定位组件1408用于定位终端1400的当前地理位置，以实现导航或LBS(LocationBased Service，基于位置的服务)。定位组件1408可以是基于美国的GPS(GlobalPositioning System，全球定位系统)、中国的北斗系统、俄罗斯的格雷纳斯系统或欧盟的伽利略系统的定位组件。The positioning component 1408 is used to locate the current geographical location of the terminal 1400 to implement navigation or LBS (Location Based Service). The positioning component 1408 can be a positioning component based on the US GPS (Global Positioning System), China's Beidou system, Russia's Grenas system or the European Union's Galileo system.
电源1409用于为终端1400中的各个组件进行供电。电源1409可以是交流电、直流电、一次性电池或可充电电池。当电源1409包括可充电电池时，该可充电电池可以支持有线充电或无线充电。该可充电电池还可以用于支持快充技术。The power supply 1409 is used to power various components in the terminal 1400. The power supply 1409 can be an alternating current, a direct current, a disposable battery, or a rechargeable battery. When the power supply 1409 includes a rechargeable battery, the rechargeable battery can support wired charging or wireless charging. The rechargeable battery can also be used to support fast charging technology.
在一些实施例中，终端1400还包括有一个或多个传感器1410。该一个或多个传感器1410包括但不限于：加速度传感器1411、陀螺仪传感器1412、压力传感器1413、指纹传感器1414、光学传感器1415以及接近传感器1416。In some embodiments, the terminal 1400 further includes one or more sensors 1410 , including but not limited to: an acceleration sensor 1411 , a gyroscope sensor 1412 , a pressure sensor 1413 , a fingerprint sensor 1414 , an optical sensor 1415 , and a proximity sensor 1416 .
加速度传感器1411可以检测以终端1400建立的坐标系的三个坐标轴上的加速度大小。比如，加速度传感器1411可以用于检测重力加速度在三个坐标轴上的分量。处理器1401可以根据加速度传感器1411采集的重力加速度信号，控制触摸显示屏1405以横向视图或纵向视图进行用户界面的显示。加速度传感器1411还可以用于游戏或者用户的运动数据的采集。The acceleration sensor 1411 can detect the magnitude of acceleration on the three coordinate axes of the coordinate system established by the terminal 1400. For example, the acceleration sensor 1411 can be used to detect the components of gravity acceleration on the three coordinate axes. The processor 1401 can control the touch display screen 1405 to display the user interface in a horizontal view or a vertical view according to the gravity acceleration signal collected by the acceleration sensor 1411. The acceleration sensor 1411 can also be used for collecting game or user motion data.
陀螺仪传感器1412可以检测终端1400的机体方向及转动角度，陀螺仪传感器1412可以与加速度传感器1411协同采集用户对终端1400的3D动作。处理器1401根据陀螺仪传感器1412采集的数据，可以实现如下功能：动作感应(比如根据用户的倾斜操作来改变UI)、拍摄时的图像稳定、游戏控制以及惯性导航。The gyro sensor 1412 can detect the body direction and rotation angle of the terminal 1400, and the gyro sensor 1412 can cooperate with the acceleration sensor 1411 to collect the user's 3D actions on the terminal 1400. The processor 1401 can implement the following functions based on the data collected by the gyro sensor 1412: motion sensing (such as changing the UI according to the user's tilt operation), image stabilization during shooting, game control, and inertial navigation.
压力传感器1413可以设置在终端1400的侧边框和/或触摸显示屏1405的下层。当压力传感器1413设置在终端1400的侧边框时，可以检测用户对终端1400的握持信号，由处理器1401根据压力传感器1413采集的握持信号进行左右手识别或快捷操作。当压力传感器1413设置在触摸显示屏1405的下层时，由处理器1401根据用户对触摸显示屏1405的压力操作，实现对UI界面上的可操作性控件进行控制。可操作性控件包括按钮控件、滚动条控件、图标控件、菜单控件中的至少一种。The pressure sensor 1413 can be set on the side frame of the terminal 1400 and/or the lower layer of the touch display screen 1405. When the pressure sensor 1413 is set on the side frame of the terminal 1400, the user's holding signal of the terminal 1400 can be detected, and the processor 1401 performs left and right hand recognition or shortcut operations according to the holding signal collected by the pressure sensor 1413. When the pressure sensor 1413 is set on the lower layer of the touch display screen 1405, the processor 1401 controls the operability controls on the UI interface according to the user's pressure operation on the touch display screen 1405. The operability controls include at least one of a button control, a scroll bar control, an icon control, and a menu control.
指纹传感器1414用于采集用户的指纹，由处理器1401根据指纹传感器1414采集到的指纹识别用户的身份，或者，由指纹传感器1414根据采集到的指纹识别用户的身份。在识别出用户的身份为可信身份时，由处理器1401授权该用户执行相关的敏感操作，该敏感操作包括解锁屏幕、查看加密信息、下载软件、支付及更改设置等。指纹传感器1414可以被设置终端1400的正面、背面或侧面。当终端1400上设置有物理按键或厂商Logo时，指纹传感器1414可以与物理按键或厂商Logo集成在一起。The fingerprint sensor 1414 is used to collect the user's fingerprint, and the processor 1401 identifies the user's identity based on the fingerprint collected by the fingerprint sensor 1414, or the fingerprint sensor 1414 identifies the user's identity based on the collected fingerprint. When the user's identity is identified as a trusted identity, the processor 1401 authorizes the user to perform relevant sensitive operations, which include unlocking the screen, viewing encrypted information, downloading software, paying, and changing settings. The fingerprint sensor 1414 can be set on the front, back, or side of the terminal 1400. When a physical button or a manufacturer logo is set on the terminal 1400, the fingerprint sensor 1414 can be integrated with the physical button or the manufacturer logo.
光学传感器1415用于采集环境光强度。在一个实施例中，处理器1401可以根据光学传感器1415采集的环境光强度，控制触摸显示屏1405的显示亮度。具体地，当环境光强度较高时，调高触摸显示屏1405的显示亮度；当环境光强度较低时，调低触摸显示屏1405的显示亮度。在另一个实施例中，处理器1401还可以根据光学传感器1415采集的环境光强度，动态调整摄像头组件1406的拍摄参数。The optical sensor 1415 is used to collect the ambient light intensity. In one embodiment, the processor 1401 can control the display brightness of the touch display screen 1405 according to the ambient light intensity collected by the optical sensor 1415. Specifically, when the ambient light intensity is high, the display brightness of the touch display screen 1405 is increased; when the ambient light intensity is low, the display brightness of the touch display screen 1405 is reduced. In another embodiment, the processor 1401 can also dynamically adjust the shooting parameters of the camera assembly 1406 according to the ambient light intensity collected by the optical sensor 1415.
接近传感器1416，也称距离传感器，通常设置在终端1400的前面板。接近传感器1416用于采集用户与终端1400的正面之间的距离。在一个实施例中，当接近传感器1416检测到用户与终端1400的正面之间的距离逐渐变小时，由处理器1401控制触摸显示屏1405从亮屏状态切换为息屏状态；当接近传感器1416检测到用户与终端1400的正面之间的距离逐渐变大时，由处理器1401控制触摸显示屏1405从息屏状态切换为亮屏状态。The proximity sensor 1416, also called a distance sensor, is usually arranged on the front panel of the terminal 1400. The proximity sensor 1416 is used to collect the distance between the user and the front of the terminal 1400. In one embodiment, when the proximity sensor 1416 detects that the distance between the user and the front of the terminal 1400 is gradually decreasing, the processor 1401 controls the touch display screen 1405 to switch from the screen-on state to the screen-off state; when the proximity sensor 1416 detects that the distance between the user and the front of the terminal 1400 is gradually increasing, the processor 1401 controls the touch display screen 1405 to switch from the screen-off state to the screen-on state.
本领域技术人员可以理解，图14中示出的结构并不构成对终端1400的限定，可以包括比图示更多或更少的组件，或者组合某些组件，或者采用不同的组件布置。Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the structure shown in FIG. 14 does not limit the terminal 1400 and may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or adopt a different component arrangement.
本申请实施例还提供了一种非临时性计算机可读存储介质，当所述存储介质中的指令由终端的处理器执行时，使得终端能够执行上实施例提供的基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法。The embodiment of the present application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the instructions in the storage medium are executed by the processor of the terminal, the terminal can execute the reverse time migration imaging method based on wavefield separation provided in the above embodiment.
本申请实施例还提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在终端上运行时，使得终端执行上述实施例提供的基于波场分离的逆时偏移成像方法。The embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product including instructions, which, when executed on a terminal, enables the terminal to execute the reverse time migration imaging method based on wave field separation provided in the above embodiment.
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。A person skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps to implement the above embodiments may be accomplished by hardware or by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a disk or an optical disk, etc.
以上所述仅为本申请实施例的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本申请实施例，凡在本申请实施例的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.
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