CN114826927A - Network capacity expansion method, network capacity expansion device, electronic equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Network capacity expansion method, network capacity expansion device, electronic equipment and storage mediumDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及通信技术领域，更具体地涉及工业场景中的网络扩容方法、网络扩容装置、电子设备以及存储介质。The present invention relates to the field of communication technologies, and more particularly to a network capacity expansion method, a network capacity expansion device, an electronic device and a storage medium in an industrial scenario.
背景技术Background technique
随着互联网业务的发展，网络应用的场景和业务类型不断丰富，网络容量问题日益突出。目前，5G网络主要应用于ToC场景，面向公众用户，在考虑对网络容量进行计算和扩容时，主要关注ToC场景中的接入终端数量和网络吞吐量。With the development of Internet services, the scenarios and service types of network applications are constantly enriched, and the problem of network capacity has become increasingly prominent. At present, 5G networks are mainly used in ToC scenarios for public users. When calculating and expanding network capacity, the main focus is on the number of access terminals and network throughput in ToC scenarios.
但在面向企业的ToB工业场景中，通常工业控制对系统的时效性要求很高，若系统的响应不够及时则会存在引起故障的风险。此时，仅关注接入网络的终端数量和网络吞吐量来对网络容量进行计算和扩容，则即使能够确保网络自身的能力，也无法保证工业场景下每项业务类型个体的可靠性，从而会有影响个别业务类型的系统时效性收到影响而导致设备无法正常运转的问题。However, in enterprise-oriented ToB industrial scenarios, industrial control usually requires high timeliness of the system. If the system's response is not timely enough, there will be a risk of failure. At this time, the network capacity is calculated and expanded only by focusing on the number of terminals accessing the network and the network throughput. Even if the network's own capabilities can be ensured, the reliability of each service type individual in the industrial scenario cannot be guaranteed. There is a problem that the system timeliness that affects individual business types is affected and the equipment cannot operate normally.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明是鉴于上述问题而提出的，其目的在于提供一种能够确保工业场景下网络自身能力以及各种业务类型的可靠性的网络扩容方法、网络扩容装置、电子设备以及存储介质。The present invention is proposed in view of the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a network capacity expansion method, network capacity expansion device, electronic equipment and storage medium that can ensure network capability and reliability of various service types in industrial scenarios.
根据本发明实施例的第一方面，提供一种网络扩容方法。该网络扩容方法包括：获取工业场景中的多种业务类型以及与每一种业务类型分别对应的网络需求；获取在预设期间内所述工业场景中的接入终端数量以及工业场景的网络性能数据；以及根据获取的与每一种业务类型分别对应的所述网络需求、以及所述接入终端数量和所述网络性能数据，来判决是否需要对所述工业场景的网络进行扩容处理。According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a network capacity expansion method is provided. The network expansion method includes: acquiring multiple service types in an industrial scenario and network requirements corresponding to each service type; acquiring the number of access terminals in the industrial scenario and the network performance of the industrial scenario within a preset period data; and according to the acquired network requirements corresponding to each service type, the number of access terminals and the network performance data, determine whether to perform expansion processing on the network in the industrial scenario.
在一些实施例中，与每一种业务类型分别对应的所述网络需求可以包括该业务类型的带宽需求和切片预留资源需求，所述网络性能数据可以包括所述工业场景中能够同时激活的终端数量最大值、网络峰值吞吐量、和能够预留给切片的资源总量。In some embodiments, the network requirements corresponding to each service type may include bandwidth requirements and slice reservation resource requirements of the service type, and the network performance data may include concurrent activation of the network performance data in the industrial scenario. The maximum number of terminals, the network peak throughput, and the total amount of resources that can be reserved for slices.
在一些实施例中，根据获取的与每一种业务类型分别对应的所述网络需求、以及所述接入终端数量和所述网络性能数据，来判决是否需要对所述工业场景的网络进行扩容处理可以包括当满足如下的至少一个条件时，判决为需要对所述工业场景的网络进行扩容处理：所述接入终端数量达到所述终端数量最大值、所有所述接入终端的带宽需求总量达到所述网络峰值吞吐量、以及所有所述接入终端的切片预留资源需求总量达到能够预留给切片的资源总量。In some embodiments, it is determined whether the network in the industrial scenario needs to be expanded according to the acquired network requirements corresponding to each service type, the number of access terminals, and the network performance data. The processing may include determining that the network in the industrial scenario needs to be expanded when at least one of the following conditions is met: the number of access terminals reaches the maximum number of terminals, and the total bandwidth requirements of all the access terminals are The amount reaches the peak throughput of the network, and the total amount of slice reserved resource requirements of all the access terminals reaches the total amount of resources that can be reserved for the slice.
在一些实施例中，获取工业场景中的多种业务类型以及与每一种业务类型分别对应的网络需求还可以包括：针对每一台接入终端获取其针对每一种业务类型进行处理的业务比例；以及针对所有接入终端的每一台分别根据每一种业务类型各自的网络需求和业务比例，求出各台接入终端针对所有业务类型的网络需求量，并将所有接入终端的网络需求量相加来求出网络需求总量。In some embodiments, acquiring multiple service types in the industrial scenario and the network requirements corresponding to each service type may further include: acquiring, for each access terminal, the services it processes for each service type ratio; and for each of all access terminals, according to the respective network requirements and service ratios of each service type, obtain the network requirements of each access terminal for all service types, and calculate the network requirements of all access terminals for all service types. The network demand is added to find the total network demand.
在一些实施例中，可以针对所有接入终端的每一台分别根据每一种业务类型各自的带宽需求和业务比例，求出各台接入终端针对所有业务类型的带宽需求量，并将所有所述接入终端的带宽需求量相加来求出所述带宽需求总量，可以针对所有接入终端的每一台分别根据每一种业务类型各自的切片预留资源需求和业务比例，求出各台接入终端针对所有业务类型的切片预留资源需求量，并将所有所述接入终端的带宽需求量相加来求出所述切片预留资源需求总量。In some embodiments, the bandwidth requirements of each access terminal for all service types may be obtained for each of all access terminals according to the respective bandwidth requirements and service ratios of each service type, and all The bandwidth requirements of the access terminals are added to obtain the total bandwidth requirements. For each of all access terminals, the resource requirements and service ratios of the respective slices of each service type can be reserved to obtain the total amount of bandwidth requirements. Calculate the reserved resource requirements for slices of each access terminal for all service types, and add up the bandwidth requirements of all the access terminals to obtain the total amount of reserved resource requirements for the slices.
在一些实施例中，与每一种业务类型分别对应的所述网络需求还可以包括该业务类型的时延要求，判决是否需要对所述工业场景的网络进行扩容处理还可以包括：针对每一种业务类型获取端到端时延实测值以及端到端时延门限值；针对每一种业务类型判断端到端时延劣化幅度是否达到所述端到端时延门限值；以及当多种业务类型中的至少一种业务类型的所述端到端时延劣化幅度达到端到端时延门限值时，判决为需要对所述工业场景的网络进行扩容处理。In some embodiments, the network requirements corresponding to each service type may further include a delay requirement of the service type, and determining whether to perform expansion processing on the network in the industrial scenario may further include: for each service type Obtain the measured end-to-end delay value and the end-to-end delay threshold value for each service type; determine whether the end-to-end delay degradation magnitude reaches the end-to-end delay threshold value for each service type; and when When the degradation range of the end-to-end delay of at least one of the multiple service types reaches the end-to-end delay threshold, it is determined that the network in the industrial scenario needs to be expanded.
在一些实施例中，每一种业务类型各自的所述端到端时延劣化幅度可以是通过将该业务类型的所述端到端时延实测值与该业务类型的时延要求之间的差值除以所述时延要求来求出的。In some embodiments, the respective end-to-end delay degradation magnitude of each service type may be determined by the difference between the end-to-end delay measured value of the service type and the delay requirement of the service type The difference is calculated by dividing by the delay requirement.
在一些实施例中，获取工业场景中的多种业务类型可以包括：对工业场景业务进行建模，将所述工业场景业务分类为控制类业务、数据采集类业务、安全类业务以及监控类业务。In some embodiments, acquiring multiple service types in an industrial scenario may include: modeling the industrial scenario services, and classifying the industrial scenario services into control services, data collection services, security services, and monitoring services .
根据本发明实施例的第二方面，提供一种网络扩容装置。该具备：第一获取模块，其配置为获取工业场景中的多种业务类型以及与每一种业务类型分别对应的网络需求；第二获取模块，其配置为获取在预设期间内所述工业场景中的接入终端数量以及工业场景的网络性能数据；以及扩容判决模块，其配置为根据获取的与每一种业务类型分别对应的所述网络需求、以及所述接入终端数量和所述网络性能数据，来判决是否需要对所述工业场景的网络进行扩容处理。According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a network capacity expansion apparatus is provided. The device includes: a first acquisition module configured to acquire multiple service types in an industrial scenario and network requirements corresponding to each service type; a second acquisition module configured to acquire the industrial The number of access terminals in the scenario and the network performance data of the industrial scenario; and a capacity expansion judgment module, which is configured to obtain the network requirements corresponding to each service type, the number of access terminals and the The network performance data is used to determine whether the network in the industrial scenario needs to be expanded.
在一些实施例中，与每一种业务类型分别对应的所述网络需求可以包括该业务类型的带宽需求和切片预留资源需求，所述网络性能数据可以包括所述工业场景中能够同时激活的终端数量最大值、网络峰值吞吐量、和能够预留给切片的资源总量。In some embodiments, the network requirements corresponding to each service type may include bandwidth requirements and slice reservation resource requirements of the service type, and the network performance data may include concurrent activation of the network performance data in the industrial scenario. The maximum number of terminals, the network peak throughput, and the total amount of resources that can be reserved for slices.
在一些实施例中，当满足如下的至少一个条件时，所述扩容判决模块可以判决为需要对所述工业场景的网络进行扩容处理：所述接入终端数量达到所述终端数量最大值、所有所述接入终端的带宽需求总量达到所述网络峰值吞吐量、以及所有所述接入终端的切片预留资源需求总量达到能够预留给切片的资源总量。In some embodiments, when at least one of the following conditions is met, the capacity expansion decision module may decide that the network in the industrial scenario needs to be expanded: the number of access terminals reaches the maximum number of terminals, all The total amount of bandwidth requirements of the access terminals reaches the peak throughput of the network, and the total amount of slice reservation resource requirements of all the access terminals reaches the total amount of resources that can be reserved for the slice.
在一些实施例中，所述第一获取模块可以针对每一台接入终端获取其针对每一种业务类型进行处理的业务比例，并针对所有接入终端的每一台分别根据每一种业务类型各自的网络需求和业务比例，求出各台接入终端针对所有业务类型的网络需求量，并将所有接入终端的网络需求量相加来求出网络需求总量。In some embodiments, the first obtaining module may obtain, for each access terminal, the proportion of services processed for each service type, and obtain the proportion of services processed for each service type for each access terminal, and obtain the proportion of each service for each access terminal. The network demand and service ratio of each type are used to obtain the network demand of each access terminal for all service types, and the network demand of all access terminals is added to obtain the total network demand.
在一些实施例中，可以针对所有接入终端的每一台分别根据每一种业务类型各自的带宽需求和业务比例，求出各台接入终端针对所有业务类型的带宽需求量，并将所有所述接入终端的带宽需求量相加来求出所述带宽需求总量，可以针对所有接入终端的每一台分别根据每一种业务类型各自的切片预留资源需求和业务比例，求出各台接入终端针对所有业务类型的切片预留资源需求量，并将所有所述接入终端的带宽需求量相加来求出所述切片预留资源需求总量。In some embodiments, the bandwidth requirements of each access terminal for all service types may be obtained for each of all access terminals according to the respective bandwidth requirements and service ratios of each service type, and all The bandwidth requirements of the access terminals are added to obtain the total bandwidth requirements. For each of all access terminals, the resource requirements and service ratios of the respective slices of each service type can be reserved to obtain the total amount of bandwidth requirements. Calculate the reserved resource requirements for slices of each access terminal for all service types, and add up the bandwidth requirements of all the access terminals to obtain the total amount of reserved resource requirements for the slices.
在一些实施例中，与每一种业务类型分别对应的所述网络需求还可以包括该业务类型的时延要求，所述扩容判决模块还可以配置为：针对每一种业务类型获取端到端时延实测值以及端到端时延门限值；针对每一种业务类型判断端到端时延劣化幅度是否达到所述端到端时延门限值；以及当多种业务类型中的至少一种业务类型的所述端到端时延劣化幅度达到端到端时延门限值时，判决为需要对所述工业场景的网络进行扩容处理。In some embodiments, the network requirements corresponding to each service type may further include a delay requirement of the service type, and the capacity expansion judgment module may be further configured to: obtain end-to-end requirements for each service type The measured delay value and the end-to-end delay threshold value; for each service type, determine whether the end-to-end delay degradation magnitude reaches the end-to-end delay threshold value; and when at least one of the multiple service types When the degradation range of the end-to-end delay of a service type reaches the end-to-end delay threshold, it is determined that the network in the industrial scenario needs to be expanded.
在一些实施例中，每一种业务类型各自的所述端到端时延劣化幅度可以是通过将该业务类型的所述端到端时延实测值与该业务类型的时延要求之间的差值除以所述时延要求来求出的。In some embodiments, the respective end-to-end delay degradation magnitude of each service type may be determined by the difference between the end-to-end delay measured value of the service type and the delay requirement of the service type The difference is calculated by dividing by the delay requirement.
在一些实施例中，所述第一获取模块可以对工业场景业务进行建模，将所述工业场景业务分类为控制类业务、数据采集类业务、安全类业务以及监控类业务。In some embodiments, the first obtaining module may model the industrial scenario services, and classify the industrial scenario services into control services, data collection services, security services, and monitoring services.
根据本发明实施例的第三方面，提供一种电子设备。该电子设备电子设备具备处理器、以及存储有计算机程序的存储器，通过所述处理器执行所述计算机程序而使所述电子设备执行第一方面所述的网络扩容方法。According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a processor and a memory storing a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to cause the electronic device to execute the network capacity expansion method described in the first aspect.
根据本发明实施例的第四方面，提供一种存储介质。该存储介质存储有使计算机执行第一方面所述的网络扩容方法的计算机程序。According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a storage medium is provided. The storage medium stores a computer program for causing a computer to execute the network capacity expansion method described in the first aspect.
通过下文对示例实施例的描述将会理解，根据在此提出的技术方案，即使在从网络(基站)的角度对网络容量进行判断的结果为尚不需要进行扩容、但从工业场景中的业务角度来看需要进行网络扩容时，也判决为需要进行网络扩容，从而能够确保工业场景中处于同一网络下的每项业务类型都达到良好的运行状态。It will be understood from the description of the example embodiments below that, according to the technical solutions proposed herein, even if the result of judging the network capacity from the perspective of the network (base station) is that capacity expansion is not yet required, but the service in the industrial scenario is not needed. From the perspective of network expansion, it is also judged that network expansion is required, so as to ensure that each service type under the same network in the industrial scenario achieves a good running state.
应当理解，发明内容部分中所描述的内容并非旨在限定本发明实施例的关键或重要特征，亦非用于限制本发明的范围。本发明的其他特征将通过以下的描述变得容易理解。It should be understood that the content described in the Summary of the Invention is not intended to limit the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
附图说明Description of drawings
结合附图并参考以下详细说明，本发明各实施例的上述和其他特征、优点及方面将变得更加明显。在附图中，相同或相似的附图标记表示相同或相似的元素，其中：The above and other features, advantages and aspects of various embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and with reference to the following detailed description. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numbers refer to the same or similar elements, wherein:
图1是示出本发明实施例的网络扩容方法的示意性流程图；FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a network capacity expansion method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是示出本发明实施例的一种扩容判决方法的示意性流程图。FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a capacity expansion decision method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图3是示出本发明实施例的另一种扩容判决方法的示意性流程图。FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart illustrating another capacity expansion judgment method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图4是示出本发明实施例的网络扩容装置的示意性框图；4 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a network capacity expansion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是示出本发明实施例的电子设备的简化框图。5 is a simplified block diagram of an electronic device illustrating an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的实施例。虽然附图中示出了本发明的一些实施例，然而应当理解的是，本发明可以通过各种形式来实现，而且不应该被解释为限于这里阐述的实施例，相反提供这些实施例是为了更加透彻和完整地理解本发明。应当理解的是，本发明的附图及实施例仅用于示例性作用，并非用于限制本发明的保护范围。Embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather are provided for the purpose of A more thorough and complete understanding of the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings and embodiments of the present invention are only used for exemplary purposes, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
在此使用的术语“包括”及其变形是开放性包括，即“包括但不限于”。术语“基于”是“至少部分地基于”。术语“一个实施例”表示“至少一个实施例”；术语“另一实施例”表示“至少一个另外的实施例”。其他术语的相关定义将在下文描述中给出。As used herein, the term "including" and variations thereof are inclusive, ie, "including but not limited to". The term "based on" is "based at least in part on." The term "one embodiment" means "at least one embodiment"; the term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". Relevant definitions of other terms will be given in the description below.
应理解，尽管本文可以使用术语“第一”和“第二”等来描述各种元件，但这些元件不应受到这些术语的限制。这些术语仅用于区分一个元件和另一个元件。例如，第一元件可以称为第二元件，同样，第二元件可以称为第一元件，而不脱离实施例的范围。如本文所用，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个所列术语的任何和所有组合。It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the embodiments. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed items.
目前，网络扩容方法主要关注接入终端数量和网络吞吐量。如上所述，在面向企业的ToB工业场景中，当仅关注接入网络的终端数量和网络吞吐量来进行网络容量算法时，则仅能够确保网络(例如，基站)自身的能力，但无法保证工业场景下每项业务类型个体的可靠性，从而会有影响个别业务类型的系统时效性收到影响而导致设备无法正常运转的问题。Currently, network expansion methods mainly focus on the number of access terminals and network throughput. As mentioned above, in an enterprise-oriented ToB industrial scenario, when only focusing on the number of terminals accessing the network and network throughput to carry out the network capacity algorithm, it can only ensure the capability of the network (for example, the base station) itself, but cannot guarantee In the industrial scenario, the reliability of each business type individual will affect the system timeliness of individual business types, resulting in the problem that the equipment cannot operate normally.
鉴于此，本发明实施例提供一种适用于工业场景的改进的网络容量计算和扩容方案。在该方案中，对工业场景进行业务类型的划分，并针对不同业务类型的特性来评估各自的网络需求，在接入网络的终端数量和网络吞吐量的基础上，还综合考虑不同业务类型的切片预留资源需求以及/或者时延要求。为了便于理解，下面结合图1至图3进行详细描述。In view of this, the embodiments of the present invention provide an improved network capacity calculation and capacity expansion solution suitable for industrial scenarios. In this solution, the service types of industrial scenarios are divided, and the network requirements of different service types are evaluated according to the characteristics of different service types. Slice reservation resource requirements and/or latency requirements. For ease of understanding, detailed description will be given below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 .
网络扩容方法的示例性实现Exemplary Implementation of the Network Expansion Method
本发明实施例提供的网络扩容方法的执行主体可以为作为服务器的业务网络管理平台，但不限于此，也可以为其他设备。本发明实施例提供的网络扩容方法可以应用于工业场景，例如，可以应用于PLC(Power Line Communication：电力线)通信、AGV小车(Automated Guided Vehicle)的远程控制、机器人的远程控制、视频流的回传、元宇宙等场景。在一些实施例中，工业场景下的网络覆盖范围例如是覆盖一个车间的范围。The execution body of the network capacity expansion method provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be a service network management platform serving as a server, but is not limited thereto, and may also be other devices. The network expansion method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to industrial scenarios, for example, can be applied to PLC (Power Line Communication: power line) communication, remote control of AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle), remote control of robots, and return of video streams. Biography, Metaverse and other scenes. In some embodiments, the network coverage in an industrial scenario is, for example, an area covering a workshop.
图1是示出本发明实施例的网络扩容方法100的示意性流程图。应理解为，该网络扩容方法100可以包括其他未示出的附加步骤，或者可以省略示出的一些步骤。本发明的范围并不受限于此。FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a network
如图1所示，在步骤S101中，业务网络管理平台可以获取工业场景中的多种业务类型以及与每一种业务类型分别对应的网络需求。业务网络管理平台可以通过事先对工业场景业务进行建模，来对工业场景中的业务类型进行分类和归纳。As shown in FIG. 1 , in step S101 , the service network management platform may acquire multiple service types in the industrial scenario and network requirements corresponding to each service type. The business network management platform can classify and summarize the business types in the industrial scene by modeling the business in the industrial scene in advance.
在一些实施例中，可以将工业场景中的主要业务类型归纳为控制类业务、数采(数据采集)类业务、安全类业务以及监控类业务(参照表1)。其中，控制类业务例如用于机器人远程控制，数采类业务例如用来采集车间内的机床等设备的运行状态的运行数据，安全类业务例如用于AGV小车搬运的安全控制，此类业务对时延要求特别高，监控类业务例如用于安防系统等，一边监控活动场景一边生成视频流并进行回传。In some embodiments, the main business types in the industrial scenario can be classified into control business, data acquisition (data collection) business, security business and monitoring business (refer to Table 1). Among them, control services are used for remote control of robots, data acquisition services are used to collect operation data of the running status of machine tools and other equipment in the workshop, and safety services are used for safety control of AGV trolley transportation. The latency requirements are particularly high. For example, monitoring services are used in security systems, etc., while monitoring the active scene, the video stream is generated and transmitted back.
在一些实施例中，与各业务类型对应的网络需求可以包括各业务类型的带宽需求和切片预留资源需求，还可以包括各业务类型的时延要求，在此，带宽需求、切片预留资源需求和时延要求分别用Bi、RSi和Di来表示。控制类业务、数采类业务、安全类业务以及监控类业务的带宽需求、切片预留资源需求以及时延要求如表1所示。针对各业务类型的具体的网络需求能够根据事先通过实验测试的方式获取的经验值来规定。In some embodiments, the network requirements corresponding to each service type may include bandwidth requirements and slice reservation resource requirements of each service type, and may also include delay requirements of each service type. Here, bandwidth requirements, slice reservation resources Demand and delay requirements are denoted by Bi, RSi and Di, respectively. Table 1 lists the bandwidth requirements, slice reserved resource requirements, and delay requirements for control services, data acquisition services, security services, and monitoring services. The specific network requirements for each service type can be specified according to the empirical values obtained through experimental tests in advance.
表1各业务类型的网络需求Table 1 Network requirements for each service type
此外，工业场景中的接入终端可以针对该接入终端相对于各个业务类型进行处理的概率进行建模，获取各业务类型占所有业务类型的业务比例。各台接入终端在工业场景中的作用不尽相同，例如，有主要用来回传视频流的接入终端，其针对监控类业务的业务比例较大，还有主要用来接收控制台的命令的接入终端，其针对控制类业务的业务比例较大。因此，工业场景中不同的接入终端针对各个业务类型的业务比例也不尽相同。如表2所示，针对一台接入终端，分别用Pc、Pm、Ps、Pv来表示控制类业务、数采类业务、安全类业务以及监控类业务的业务比例。在工业场景中的接入终端有n台时，分别针对每一台接入终端获取各接入终端针对每一种业务类型进行处理的业务比例。In addition, the access terminal in the industrial scenario can model the probability that the access terminal performs processing relative to each service type, and obtain the service ratio of each service type to all service types. The roles of each access terminal in industrial scenarios are different. For example, there are access terminals mainly used to return video streams, which are mainly used for monitoring services, and there are also access terminals mainly used to receive consoles. The access terminal of the command has a relatively large proportion of the business for control services. Therefore, different access terminals in industrial scenarios have different service ratios for each service type. As shown in Table 2, for an access terminal, Pc, Pm, Ps, and Pv are used to represent the business proportions of control services, data acquisition services, security services, and monitoring services. When there are n access terminals in the industrial scenario, the proportion of services processed by each access terminal for each service type is obtained for each access terminal respectively.
表2针对一台终端的各业务类型的业务比例Table 2 Service ratio of each service type for one terminal
在获取了多种业务类型以及各业务类型的网络需求之后，在步骤S102中，业务网络管理平台可以获取在预设期间内接入工业场景的接入终端数量以及工业场景的网络性能数据。然后，在步骤S103中，业务网络管理平台可以根据获取到的各业务类型的网络需求、以及接入终端数量和网络性能数据，来判决是否需要对网络进行扩容处理。After obtaining multiple service types and network requirements of each service type, in step S102, the service network management platform may obtain the number of access terminals accessing the industrial scene and network performance data of the industrial scene within a preset period. Then, in step S103, the service network management platform may determine whether to perform network expansion processing according to the acquired network requirements of each service type, as well as the number of access terminals and network performance data.
具体来说，业务网络管理平台可以以小时为单位获取接入工业场景的接入终端数量n以及工业场景的网络性能数据。在一些实施例中，为了计算网络容量，需要获取包括工业场景中能够同时激活的终端数量最大值、网络峰值吞吐量、和能够预留给切片的资源总量在内的表示工业场景的网络能力的网络性能数据。在此，在工业场景的同一网络中能够同时激活的终端数量最大值用UE_Max来表示，能够预留给切片的资源总量用RS_Total来表示。Specifically, the service network management platform can obtain the number n of access terminals connected to the industrial scenario and the network performance data of the industrial scenario in units of hours. In some embodiments, in order to calculate the network capacity, it is necessary to obtain the network capacity representing the industrial scenario, including the maximum number of terminals that can be activated simultaneously in the industrial scenario, the network peak throughput, and the total amount of resources that can be reserved for slices network performance data. Here, the maximum number of terminals that can be activated simultaneously in the same network in an industrial scenario is represented by UE_Max, and the total amount of resources that can be reserved for a slice is represented by RS_Total.
另外，该工业场景中的网络峰值吞吐量用Throughput_Peak来表示，网络峰值吞吐量根据不同的网络配置可采用对应的计算值，例如，可以根据3GPP标准算法得出结果乘以0.7，即，以30％的冗余来计算网络峰值吞吐量。In addition, the network peak throughput in this industrial scenario is represented by Throughput_Peak, and the network peak throughput can be calculated according to different network configurations. For example, the result can be multiplied by 0.7 according to the 3GPP standard algorithm, that is, 30 % redundancy to calculate network peak throughput.
与表示网络能力的网络性能数据对应地，业务网络管理平台可以根据一台接入终端的各业务类型的网络需求和业务比例，来求出该一台接入终端针对所有业务类型的网络需求量，进而针对接入工业场景的n台接入终端分别进行计算，从而求出接入工业场景的所有接入终端针对所有业务类型的网络需求总量。例如，可以通过∑n(Pc*Bc+Pm*Bm+Ps*Bs+Pv*Bv)来求出该工业场景下的n台接入终端针对所有业务类型的带宽需求总量，此外，可以通过∑n(Pc*RSc+Pm*RSm+Ps*RSs+Pv*RSv)来求出该工业场景下的n台接入终端针对所有业务类型的切片预留资源需求总量。Corresponding to the network performance data representing network capabilities, the service network management platform can calculate the network demand of an access terminal for all service types according to the network requirements and service ratios of each service type of an access terminal. , and then calculate separately for n access terminals accessing the industrial scenario, so as to obtain the total network requirements of all the access terminals accessing the industrial scenario for all service types. For example, ∑n(Pc*Bc+Pm*Bm+Ps*Bs+Pv*Bv) can be used to obtain the total bandwidth requirements of n access terminals for all service types in this industrial scenario. ∑n(Pc*RSc+Pm*RSm+Ps*RSs+Pv*RSv) to obtain the total amount of slice reserved resource requirements for all service types of n access terminals in this industrial scenario.
接下来，对在本发明实施例中判决是否需要对网络进行扩容处理的扩容判决方法进行说明。Next, the capacity expansion judgment method for judging whether to perform capacity expansion processing on the network in the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
图2是示出本发明实施例的一种扩容判决方法200的示意性流程图。该扩容判决方法200对应综合考虑接入网络的终端数量和网络吞吐量、以及不同业务类型的切片预留资源需求来判决是否需要对网络进行扩容处理的情形。FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a capacity
如图2所示，在步骤S201中，业务网络管理平台可以判断接入终端数量是否达到终端数量最大值。当接入终端数量达到终端数量最大值时(判断结果为“是”)，即，当满足下列数学式(1)时，前进至步骤S204，判决为需要对网络进行扩容处理。As shown in FIG. 2, in step S201, the service network management platform may determine whether the number of access terminals reaches the maximum number of terminals. When the number of access terminals reaches the maximum number of terminals (the judgment result is "Yes"), that is, when the following mathematical formula (1) is satisfied, the process proceeds to step S204, and it is determined that the network needs to be expanded.
∑n＞＝UE_Max (1)∑n＞=UE_Max (1)
在步骤S201中的判断结果为“否”，即，在判断为接入终端数量没有达到终端数量最大值时，前进至步骤S202，判断所有接入终端的带宽需求总量是否达到网络峰值吞吐量。当所有接入终端的带宽需求总量达到网络峰值吞吐量时(判断结果为“是”)，即，当满足下列数学式(2)时，前进至步骤S204，判决为需要对网络进行扩容处理。The judgment result in step S201 is "No", that is, when it is judged that the number of access terminals does not reach the maximum number of terminals, proceed to step S202 to determine whether the total bandwidth requirements of all access terminals have reached the network peak throughput . When the total bandwidth demand of all access terminals reaches the network peak throughput (the judgment result is "Yes"), that is, when the following mathematical formula (2) is satisfied, proceed to step S204, and it is judged that the network needs to be expanded. .
∑n(Pc*Bc+Pm*Bm+Ps*Bs+Pv*Bv)＞＝Throughput_Peak (2)∑n(Pc*Bc+Pm*Bm+Ps*Bs+Pv*Bv)＞=Throughput_Peak (2)
在步骤S202中的判断结果为“否”，即，在判断为所有接入终端的带宽需求总量没有达到网络峰值吞吐量时，前进至步骤S203，判断所有接入终端的切片预留资源需求总量是否达到能够预留给切片的资源总量。当所有接入终端的切片预留资源需求总量达到能够预留给切片的资源总量时(判断结果为“是”)，即，当满足下列数学式(3)时，前进至步骤S204，判决为需要对网络进行扩容处理。The determination result in step S202 is "No", that is, when it is determined that the total bandwidth requirements of all access terminals have not reached the network peak throughput, proceed to step S203 to determine the slice reservation resource requirements of all access terminals Whether the total amount reaches the total amount of resources that can be reserved for slices. When the total amount of slice reserved resource requirements of all access terminals reaches the total amount of resources that can be reserved for the slice (the judgment result is "Yes"), that is, when the following mathematical formula (3) is satisfied, proceed to step S204, The decision is that the network needs to be expanded.
∑n(Pc*RSc+Pm*RSm+Ps*RSs+Pv*RSv)＞＝RS_Total (3)∑n(Pc*RSc+Pm*RSm+Ps*RSs+Pv*RSv)>=RS_Total (3)
在步骤S203中的判断结果为“否”，即，在判断为所有接入终端的切片预留资源需求总量没有达到能够预留给切片的资源总量时，前进至步骤S205，判决为不需要对网络进行扩容处理。The judgment result in step S203 is "No", that is, when it is judged that the total amount of resource requirements for slice reservation of all access terminals does not reach the total amount of resources that can be reserved for the slice, proceed to step S205, and the decision is no The network needs to be expanded.
此外，在判决是否需要对网络进行扩容处理时，在关注接入网络的终端数量和网络吞吐量的基础上，还综合考虑不同业务类型的切片预留资源需求和时延要求的情况下，可以应用本发明实施例的另一种扩容判决方法300，该扩容判决方法300在扩容判决方法200中的通过步骤S201～S203基于接入终端数量、所有接入终端的带宽需求总量以及所有接入终端的切片预留资源需求总量进行判决的基础上，还通过判断各个业务类型因资源不足导致的端到端时延劣化幅度是否超过规定的门限值来判决是否需要对网络进行扩容处理。In addition, when judging whether to expand the network, on the basis of paying attention to the number of terminals accessing the network and network throughput, and considering the resource requirements and delay requirements of slice reservation for different service types, it is possible to Applying another capacity
具体来说，如图3所示，在步骤S301中，业务网络管理平台可以针对控制类业务、数采类业务以及安全类业务分别获取端到端时延实测值以及端到端时延门限值。然后，在步骤S302中，针对每一种业务类型判断端到端时延劣化幅度是否达到端到端时延门限值。当控制类业务、数采类业务以及安全类业务中的至少一种业务类型的端到端时延劣化幅度达到端到端时延门限值时(步骤S302的判断结果为“是”)，即，当满足下列数学式(4)时，前进至步骤S303，判决为需要对网络进行扩容处理。当控制类业务、数采类业务以及安全类业务中的任一种业务类型的端到端时延劣化幅度均没有达到端到端时延门限值时，前进至步骤S304，判决为不需要对网络进行扩容处理。Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 , in step S301, the service network management platform can obtain the measured end-to-end delay value and the end-to-end delay threshold for control services, data acquisition services, and security services, respectively. value. Then, in step S302, for each service type, it is judged whether the end-to-end delay degradation magnitude reaches the end-to-end delay threshold. When the degradation range of the end-to-end delay of at least one of the control service, the data acquisition service, and the security service reaches the end-to-end delay threshold (the judgment result in step S302 is "Yes"), That is, when the following mathematical formula (4) is satisfied, the process proceeds to step S303, and it is determined that the network needs to be expanded. When the degradation range of the end-to-end delay of any of the control services, data acquisition services, and security services does not reach the end-to-end delay threshold, the process proceeds to step S304, and it is judged that it is not required Expand the network.
(Delay_control-Dc)/Dc≥THc％(Delay_control-Dc)/Dc≥THc%
(Delay_monitor-Dm)/Dm≥THm％(Delay_monitor-Dm)/Dm≥THm%
(Delay_security-Ds)/Ds≥THs％ (4)(Delay_security-Ds)/Ds≥THs% (4)
其中，THc、THm、THs分别表示控制类业务、数采类业务、安全类业务的端到端时延门限值，Delay control、Delay_monitor、Delay_security分别表示控制类业务、数采类业务、安全类业务的端到端时延实测值。Among them, THc, THm, and THs represent the end-to-end delay thresholds of control services, data acquisition services, and security services, respectively. Delay control, Delay_monitor, and Delay_security represent control services, data acquisition services, and security services, respectively. The measured value of the end-to-end delay of the service.
另外，每一种业务类型各自的端到端时延劣化幅度是通过将该业务类型的端到端时延实测值与该业务类型的时延要求之间的差值除以该业务类型的时延要求来求出的。In addition, the respective end-to-end delay degradation range of each service type is calculated by dividing the difference between the measured end-to-end delay value of the service type and the delay requirement of the service type by the time delay of the service type. requested by extension.
此外，由于以视频流为主的监控类业务主要对带宽的大小有要求(即，要求网络有足够的带宽)，对时延性能要求不高，因此，在本实施例中，并没有将监控类业务的端到端时延劣化幅度作为判决是否需要对网络进行扩容处理的条件，但也可以将其纳入判决条件之中。In addition, since the monitoring services mainly based on video streams have requirements on the size of the bandwidth (that is, the network requires sufficient bandwidth), and do not have high requirements on the delay performance, therefore, in this embodiment, the monitoring services are not used. The end-to-end delay degradation range of the similar service is used as a condition for judging whether the network needs to be expanded, but it can also be included in the judgment condition.
至此，描述了根据本发明实施例的网络扩容方案。在本方案中，即使在从网络(基站)的角度对网络容量进行判断的结果为尚不需要进行扩容、但从工业场景中的业务角度来看需要进行网络扩容时，也判决为需要进行网络扩容，从而能够确保工业场景中处于同一网络下的每项业务类型都达到良好的运行状态。So far, the network capacity expansion solution according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described. In this solution, even if the result of judging the network capacity from the perspective of the network (base station) is that it is not necessary to expand the capacity, but from the perspective of the business in the industrial scenario, it is judged that the network capacity needs to be expanded. Capacity expansion, so as to ensure that each business type under the same network in the industrial scenario achieves a good running state.
网络扩容装置和电子设备的示例性实现Exemplary implementation of network capacity expansion device and electronic equipment
与上述方法相对应，本发明实施例提供了网络扩容装置和电子设备。本发明实施例的网络扩容装置和电子设备可以应用于工业场景，例如，可以应用于PLC(Power LineCommunication：电力线)通信、AGV小车(Automated Guided Vehicle)的远程控制、机器人的远程控制、视频流的回传、元宇宙等场景。在一些实施例中，工业场景下的网络覆盖范围例如是覆盖一个车间的范围。Corresponding to the above method, the embodiments of the present invention provide a network capacity expansion apparatus and an electronic device. The network capacity expansion device and electronic device of the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to industrial scenarios, for example, can be applied to PLC (Power Line Communication: power line) communication, remote control of AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle), remote control of robots, and video streaming. Backhaul, Metaverse and other scenarios. In some embodiments, the network coverage in an industrial scenario is, for example, an area covering a workshop.
图4示出了适合于实现本发明实施例的网络扩容装置400的示意框图。应理解为，网络扩容装置400可以包括比所示组件更多的附加组件或者省略其中所示的一部分组件，本发明对此并不进行限制。FIG. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of a network
如图4所示，网络扩容装置400包括第一获取模块410、第二获取模块420和判决模块420。第一获取模块410被配置为用于获取工业场景中的多种业务类型以及与每一种业务类型分别对应的网络需求。第二获取模块420被配置为用于获取在预设期间内所述工业场景中的接入终端数量以及工业场景的网络性能数据。扩容判决模块430被配置为用于根据获取的与每一种业务类型分别对应的所述网络需求、以及所述接入终端数量和所述网络性能数据，来判决是否需要对所述工业场景的网络进行扩容处理。As shown in FIG. 4 , the network
第一获取模块410可以对工业场景业务进行建模，将工业场景业务分类为控制类业务、数据采集类业务、安全类业务以及监控类业务。The
在此，与每一种业务类型分别对应的网络需求可以包括该业务类型的带宽需求和切片预留资源需求，还可以包括该业务类型的时延要求。网络性能数据可以包括工业场景中能够同时激活的终端数量最大值、网络峰值吞吐量、和能够预留给切片的资源总量。Here, the network requirements corresponding to each service type may include bandwidth requirements and slice reservation resource requirements of the service type, and may also include delay requirements of the service type. The network performance data may include the maximum number of terminals that can be activated simultaneously in industrial scenarios, the peak network throughput, and the total amount of resources that can be reserved for slices.
在一些实施例中，第一获取模块410可以针对每一台接入终端获取其针对每一种业务类型进行处理的业务比例，并针对所有接入终端的每一台分别根据每一种业务类型各自的网络需求和业务比例，求出各台接入终端针对所有业务类型的网络需求量，并将所有接入终端的网络需求量相加来求出网络需求总量。In some embodiments, the first obtaining
可以针对所有接入终端的每一台分别根据每一种业务类型各自的带宽需求和业务比例，求出各台接入终端针对所有业务类型的带宽需求量，并将所有接入终端的带宽需求量相加来求出带宽需求总量，可以针对所有接入终端的每一台分别根据每一种业务类型各自的切片预留资源需求和业务比例，求出各台接入终端针对所有业务类型的切片预留资源需求量，并将所有接入终端的带宽需求量相加来求出切片预留资源需求总量。For each of all access terminals, the bandwidth requirements of each access terminal for all service types can be calculated according to the respective bandwidth requirements and service ratios of each service type, and the bandwidth requirements of all access terminals can be calculated. The total bandwidth requirements can be calculated by adding up the total bandwidth requirements. For each of all the access terminals, the resource requirements and service proportions of each service type can be reserved for each service type. The required amount of slice reserved resources is calculated by adding up the bandwidth requirements of all access terminals to obtain the total amount of slice reserved resource requirements.
在一些实施例中，扩容判决模块430还可以配置为：针对每一种业务类型获取端到端时延实测值以及端到端时延门限值；针对每一种业务类型判断端到端时延劣化幅度是否达到端到端时延门限值；以及当多种业务类型中的至少一种业务类型的端到端时延劣化幅度达到端到端时延门限值时，判决为需要对工业场景的网络进行扩容处理。每一种业务类型各自的端到端时延劣化幅度可以是通过将该业务类型的端到端时延实测值与该业务类型的时延要求之间的差值除以时延要求来求出的。In some embodiments, the capacity
图5示出了适合于实现本发明实施例的电子设备500的简化框图。如图所示，电子设备500包括一个或多个处理器510、耦合到处理器510的一个或多个存储器520以及耦合到处理器510的一个或多个通信模块540。Figure 5 shows a simplified block diagram of an
通信模块540用于双向通信。通信模块540具有通信接口以便于通信。通信接口可以表示与其他网络元件通信所必需的任何接口。The
处理器510可以是适合于本地技术网络的任何类型，并且作为限制性示例，可以包括以下中的一个或多个：通用计算机、专用计算机、微处理器、数字网络扩容器和基于多核处理器架构的处理器。设备500可以具有多个处理器，例如专用集成电路芯片，其在时间上从属于与主处理器同步的时钟。The
存储器520可以包括一个或多个非易失性存储器和一个或多个易失性存储器。非易失性存储器的示例包括但不限于只读存储器(ROM)524、电可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、闪存、硬盘、光盘(CD)、数字视频盘(DVD)和其他磁存储和/或光存储装置。易失性存储器的示例包括但不限于随机存取存储器(RAM)522和不会在断电持续时间中持续的其他易失性存储器。
计算机程序530包括由关联的处理器510执行的计算机可执行指令。计算机程序530可以存储在ROM 520中。处理器510可以通过将计算机程序530加载到RAM 520中来执行任何合适的动作和处理。
可以借助于计算机程序530来实现本发明的实施例，使得电子设备500可以执行如参考图1至图3所讨论的本发明的任何处理。本发明的实施例还可以通过硬件或通过软件和硬件的组合来实现。Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by means of a
在一些实施例中，计算机程序530可以有形地包含在计算机可读介质中，该计算机可读介质可以包括在设备500中(诸如在存储器520中)或者可以由设备500访问的其他存储设备。可以将计算机程序530从计算机可读介质加载到RAM 522以供执行。计算机可读介质可以包括任何类型的有形非易失性存储器，例如ROM、EPROM、闪存、硬盘、CD、DVD等。In some embodiments,
一般而言，本发明的各种示例实施例可以在硬件或专用电路、软件、逻辑，或其任何组合中实施。某些方面可以在硬件中实施，而其他方面可以在可以由控制器、微处理器或其他计算设备执行的固件或软件中实施。当本发明的实施例的各方面被图示或描述为框图、流程图或使用某些其他图形表示时，将理解此处描述的方框、装置、系统、技术或方法可以作为非限制性的示例在硬件、软件、固件、专用电路或逻辑、通用硬件或控制器或其他计算设备，或其某些组合中实施。可用来实现本发明实施例的硬件器件的示例包括但不限于：现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、专用标准产品(ASSP)、片上系统(SOC)、复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)，等等。In general, the various example embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Certain aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software that may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While aspects of the embodiments of the invention are illustrated or described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other graphical representation, it will be understood that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques, or methods described herein may be taken as non-limiting Examples are implemented in hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof. Examples of hardware devices that may be used to implement embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to: Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Application Specific Standard Products (ASSPs), Systems on Chips (SOCs), Complex Programmable Logic device (CPLD), etc.
作为示例，本发明的实施例可以在机器可执行指令的上下文中被描述，机器可执行指令诸如包括在目标的真实或者虚拟处理器上的器件中执行的程序模块中。一般而言，程序模块包括例程、程序、库、对象、类、组件、数据结构等，其执行特定的任务或者实现特定的抽象数据结构。在各实施例中，程序模块的功能可以在所描述的程序模块之间合并或者分割。用于程序模块的机器可执行指令可以在本地或者分布式设备内执行。在分布式设备中，程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储介质二者中。By way of example, embodiments of the invention may be described in the context of machine-executable instructions, such as included in program modules executed in a device on a target's real or virtual processor. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data structures. In various embodiments, the functionality of the program modules may be combined or divided among the described program modules. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within local or distributed devices. In a distributed facility, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
用于实现本发明的方法的计算机程序代码可以用一种或多种编程语言编写。这些计算机程序代码可以提供给通用计算机、专用计算机或其他可编程的数据处理装置的处理器，使得程序代码在被计算机或其他可编程的数据处理装置执行的时候，引起在流程图和/或框图中规定的功能/操作被实施。程序代码可以完全在计算机上、部分在计算机上、作为独立的软件包、部分在计算机上且部分在远程计算机上或完全在远程计算机或服务器上执行。Computer program code for implementing the methods of the present invention may be written in one or more programming languages. Such computer program code may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer or other programmable data processing apparatus such that the program code, when executed by the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, causes the flowchart and/or block diagrams The functions/operations specified in are implemented. The program code may execute entirely on the computer, partly on the computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server.
在本发明的上下文中，计算机程序代码或者相关数据可以由任意适当载体承载，以使得设备、装置或者处理器能够执行上文描述的各种处理和操作。载体的示例包括信号、计算机可读介质等等。In the context of the present invention, computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable a device, apparatus or processor to perform the various processes and operations described above. Examples of carriers include signals, computer-readable media, and the like.
信号的示例可以包括电、光、无线电、声音或其他形式的传播信号，诸如载波、红外信号等。Examples of signals may include electrical, optical, radio, acoustic, or other forms of propagated signals, such as carrier waves, infrared signals, and the like.
机器可读介质可以是包含或存储用于或有关于指令执行系统、装置或设备的程序的任何有形介质。机器可读介质可以是机器可读信号介质或机器可读存储介质。机器可读介质可以包括但不限于电子的、磁的、光学的、电磁的、红外的或半导体系统、装置或设备，或其任意合适的组合。机器可读存储介质的更详细示例包括带有一根或多根导线的电气连接、便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机存储存取器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM或闪存)、光存储设备、磁存储设备，或其任意合适的组合。A machine-readable medium may be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program for or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. Machine-readable media may include, but are not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. More detailed examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections with one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only Memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.
另外，尽管操作以特定顺序被描绘，但这并不应该理解为要求此类操作以示出的特定顺序或以相继顺序完成，或者执行所有图示的操作以获取期望结果。在某些情况下，多任务或并行处理会是有益的。同样地，尽管上述讨论包含了某些特定的实施细节，但这并不应解释为限制任何发明或权利要求的范围，而应解释为对可以针对特定发明的特定实施例的描述。本说明书中在分开的实施例的上下文中描述的某些特征也可以整合实施在单个实施例中。反之，在单个实施例的上下文中描述的各种特征也可以分离地在多个实施例或在任意合适的子组合中实施。Additionally, although operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in a sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed to obtain desired results. In some cases, multitasking or parallel processing can be beneficial. Likewise, although the above discussion contains some specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of any invention or claims, but rather as descriptions of specific embodiments that may be directed to specific inventions. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable subcombination.
尽管已经以特定于结构特征和/或方法动作的语言描述了主题，但是应当理解，所附权利要求中限定的主题并不限于上文描述的特定特征或动作。相反，上文描述的特定特征和动作是作为实现权利要求的示例形式而被公开的。Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
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