技术领域technical field
本发明属于激光通信技术领域，具体涉及一种大范围非机械扫描相控阵激光通信发射装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of laser communication, and in particular relates to a large-scale non-mechanical scanning phased array laser communication transmitting device.
背景技术Background technique
现有的空间激光通信，控制光束瞄准与跟踪的执行机构多为电机编码器轴承构成的伺服转台以及压电片组成的精跟踪振镜组合应用，目前，由电机编码器轴承构成的伺服转台和压电片组成的精跟踪振镜组合的结构机械活动部件多，可靠性较低，机械时间常数大，惯性大，伺服带宽低，且单套执行器只能实现点对点激光通信，不利于组网。In the existing space laser communication, the actuators that control beam aiming and tracking are mostly combined applications of servo turntables composed of motor encoder bearings and fine tracking galvanometers composed of piezoelectric sheets. At present, servo turntables composed of motor encoder bearings and The structure of the fine tracking galvanometer combination composed of piezoelectric sheets has many mechanical moving parts, low reliability, large mechanical time constant, large inertia, low servo bandwidth, and a single set of actuators can only achieve point-to-point laser communication, which is not conducive to networking .
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：现有的激光通信只能实现点对点通信，通信范围较小的问题。The technical problem to be solved by the invention is: the existing laser communication can only realize point-to-point communication, and the communication range is small.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种大范围非机械扫描相控阵激光通信发射装置，包括：在同一水平面上绕预设的轴心周向排布的多个相控阵激光通信发射子装置，其中每个激光通信发射子装置包括激光通信发射机、光纤耦合器、光波导相控阵、光波导移相器、液晶空间光调制器和液晶偏振光栅；The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a large-scale non-mechanical scanning phased array laser communication transmitter, including: a plurality of phased arrays arranged circumferentially around a preset axis on the same horizontal plane A laser communication transmitting sub-device, wherein each laser communication transmitting sub-device includes a laser communication transmitter, a fiber coupler, an optical waveguide phased array, an optical waveguide phase shifter, a liquid crystal spatial light modulator, and a liquid crystal polarization grating;
所述激光通信发射机，发射出的激光信号通过所述光纤耦合器进入光波导相控阵；In the laser communication transmitter, the emitted laser signal enters the optical waveguide phased array through the optical fiber coupler;
所述光波导移相器，调节进入所述光波导相控阵中的激光信号的相位差，得到激光初调节信号；The optical waveguide phase shifter adjusts the phase difference of the laser signal entering the optical waveguide phased array to obtain a laser initial adjustment signal;
所述光波导相控阵，将调节好的激光初调节信号发射给液晶空间光调制器；The optical waveguide phased array transmits the adjusted laser initial adjustment signal to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator;
所述液晶空间光调制器，通过调整液晶层的折射率改变激光初调节信号的相位差，得到激光终调节信号，并发送给所述液晶偏振光栅；The liquid crystal spatial light modulator changes the phase difference of the laser initial adjustment signal by adjusting the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer to obtain the laser final adjustment signal, and sends it to the liquid crystal polarization grating;
所述液晶偏振光栅对所述激光终调节信号进行大范围离散分段指向。The liquid crystal polarization grating directs the laser final adjustment signal in a large range of discrete segments.
进一步的，所述激光通信发射子装置的数量为三个。Further, the number of the laser communication transmitting sub-devices is three.
进一步的，所述激光通信发射机发射10Gbps激光信号。Further, the laser communication transmitter transmits a 10Gbps laser signal.
进一步的，所述光波导移相器调节激光信号相位差的范围为水平方位角-60°～60°。Further, the optical waveguide phase shifter can adjust the phase difference of the laser signal within a horizontal azimuth angle of -60° to 60°.
进一步的，所述空间光调制器通过调整液晶层的折射率，对激光信号的相位差进行俯仰方位角控制，相位差的范围为俯仰方位角-2.5°～2.5°。Further, the spatial light modulator controls the phase difference of the laser signal in elevation and azimuth by adjusting the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer, and the phase difference ranges from -2.5° to 2.5° in elevation and azimuth.
进一步的，所述液晶偏振光栅采用的是四级液晶偏振光栅级联。Further, the liquid crystal polarization grating adopts a cascaded four-stage liquid crystal polarization grating.
进一步的，所述液晶偏振光栅将所述空间光调制器的激光信号进行俯仰方位角的离散分段指向，俯仰方位角的范围分别为0°、-2.5°～2.5°、-5°～5°、-7.5°～7.5°、-10°～10°。Further, the liquid crystal polarization grating directs the laser signal of the spatial light modulator into discrete subsections of elevation and azimuth angles, and the ranges of elevation azimuth angles are 0°, -2.5° to 2.5°, -5° to 5°, respectively. °, -7.5°～7.5°, -10°～10°.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的一种大范围非机械扫描相控阵激光通信发射装置，由在同一水平面上绕预设的轴心周向排布的多个相控阵激光通信发射子装置组成，首先激光通信发射机发射出的激光信号通过光纤耦合器进入光波导相控阵；然后光波导移相器调节进入光波导相控阵中的激光信号的相位差，得到激光初调节信号，光波导相控阵将调节好的激光初调节信号发射给液晶空间光调制器；液晶空间光调制器通过调整液晶层的折射率改变激光信号的相位差，得到激光终调节信号，并发送给所述液晶偏振光栅；最后液晶偏振光栅对激光终调节信号进行大范围离散分段指向。采用液晶空间光调制器和液晶偏振光栅来增大激光信号在俯仰方位轴的范围，避免了波长调谐对激光通信系统的影响，通过多个相控阵激光通信发射子装置拼接，可实现360°全周激光通信非机械伺服组网，进而达到一个地点对多个地点的激光通信。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: a large-scale non-mechanical scanning phased array laser communication transmitting device of the present invention consists of a plurality of phased array laser communication transmitters arranged circumferentially around a preset axis on the same horizontal plane The device is composed of, firstly, the laser signal emitted by the laser communication transmitter enters the optical waveguide phased array through the fiber coupler; then the optical waveguide phase shifter adjusts the phase difference of the laser signal entering the optical waveguide phased array, and obtains the laser initial adjustment signal , the optical waveguide phased array transmits the adjusted laser initial adjustment signal to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator; the liquid crystal spatial light modulator changes the phase difference of the laser signal by adjusting the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer, obtains the laser final adjustment signal, and sends it to The liquid crystal polarization grating; finally, the liquid crystal polarization grating directs the laser final adjustment signal in large-scale discrete segments. Using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and a liquid crystal polarization grating to increase the range of the laser signal on the pitch and azimuth axis, avoiding the impact of wavelength tuning on the laser communication system, and splicing multiple phased array laser communication transmitting sub-devices to achieve 360° All-round laser communication non-mechanical servo networking, and then achieve laser communication from one location to multiple locations.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
图1是本发明的一种大范围非机械扫描相控阵激光通信发射装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a large-scale non-mechanical scanning phased array laser communication transmitting device of the present invention;
图2是图1中相控阵激光通信发射子装置的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the phased array laser communication transmitting sub-device in Fig. 1;
图3是图1中相控阵激光通信发射子装置的模块图。Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the phased array laser communication transmitting sub-device in Fig. 1 .
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. the embodiment. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明涉及一种大范围非机械扫描相控阵激光通信发射装置，在本实施方式中，一种大范围非机械扫描相控阵激光通信发射装置，由在同一水平面上绕预设的轴心周向排布的多个相控阵激光通信发射子装置组成。其中，每个激光通信发射子装置包括激光通信发射机、光纤耦合器、光波导相控阵、光波导移相器、液晶空间光调制器和液晶偏振光栅。所述激光通信发射机，发射出的激光信号通过所述光纤耦合器进入光波导相控阵；所述光波导移相器，调节进入所述光波导相控阵中的激光信号的相位差，得到激光初调节信号；所述光波导相控阵，将调节好的激光初调节信号发射给液晶空间光调制器；所述液晶空间光调制器，通过调整液晶层的折射率改变激光初调节信号的相位差，得到激光终调节信号，并发送给所述液晶偏振光栅；所述液晶偏振光栅对所述激光终调节信号进行大范围离散分段指向。The present invention relates to a large-scale non-mechanical scanning phased array laser communication transmitting device. In this embodiment, a large-scale non-mechanical scanning phased array laser communication transmitting device consists of It is composed of multiple phased array laser communication transmitting sub-devices arranged in the circumferential direction. Wherein, each laser communication transmitting sub-device includes a laser communication transmitter, a fiber coupler, an optical waveguide phased array, an optical waveguide phase shifter, a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and a liquid crystal polarization grating. The laser communication transmitter emits a laser signal that enters the optical waveguide phased array through the optical fiber coupler; the optical waveguide phase shifter adjusts the phase difference of the laser signal entering the optical waveguide phased array, Obtain the laser initial adjustment signal; the optical waveguide phased array transmits the adjusted laser initial adjustment signal to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator; the liquid crystal spatial light modulator changes the laser initial adjustment signal by adjusting the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer The phase difference of the laser is obtained to obtain the final adjustment signal of the laser and sent to the liquid crystal polarization grating; the liquid crystal polarization grating directs the final adjustment signal of the laser in a large range of discrete segments.
首先激光通信发射机11发射出的激光信号通过光纤耦合器12进入光波导相控阵13；然后光波导移相器14调节进入光波导相控阵13中的激光信号的相位差，得到激光初调节信号；光波导相控阵13将调节好的激光初调节信号发射给液晶空间光调制器15；液晶空间光调制器15通过调整液晶层的折射率改变激光初调节信号的相位差，得到激光终调节信号，并发送给所述液晶偏振光栅16；最后液晶偏振光栅16对激光终调节信号进行大范围离散分段指向。采用液晶空间光调制器15和液晶偏振光栅16来增大激光信号在俯仰方位轴的范围，避免了波长调谐对激光通信系统的影响，通过多个相控阵激光通信发射子装置拼接，可实现360°全周激光通信非机械伺服组网，进而达到一个地点对多个地点的激光通信。First, the laser signal emitted by the laser communication transmitter 11 enters the optical waveguide phased array 13 through the fiber coupler 12; Adjust the signal; the optical waveguide phased array 13 transmits the adjusted laser initial adjustment signal to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15; the liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15 changes the phase difference of the laser initial adjustment signal by adjusting the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer to obtain the laser The final adjustment signal is sent to the liquid crystal polarization grating 16; finally, the liquid crystal polarization grating 16 directs the laser final adjustment signal in a large range of discrete segments. The liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15 and the liquid crystal polarization grating 16 are used to increase the range of the laser signal on the pitch and azimuth axis, which avoids the influence of wavelength tuning on the laser communication system, and can be realized by splicing multiple phased array laser communication transmitting sub-devices. 360° full-circle laser communication non-mechanical servo network, and then achieve laser communication from one location to multiple locations.
下面对本实施方式的一种大范围非机械扫描相控阵激光通信发射装置的实现细节进行具体的说明，以下内容仅为方便理解提供的实现细节，并非实施本方案的必须。The implementation details of a large-scale non-mechanical scanning phased array laser communication transmitting device of this embodiment will be described in detail below. The following content is only the implementation details provided for easy understanding, and is not necessary for implementing this solution.
一种大范围非机械扫描相控阵激光通信发射装置包括在同一水平面上绕预设的轴心周向排布的多个相控阵激光通信发射子装置。A large-scale non-mechanical scanning phased array laser communication transmitting device includes a plurality of phased array laser communication transmitting sub-devices arranged circumferentially around a preset axis on the same horizontal plane.
具体而言，预先设定中轴线，在改中轴线上选中圆心为轴心，该轴心所在的水平面为工作水平面，将所有相控阵激光通信发射子装置以轴心为中心，在所述工作水平面上周向均匀分布。Specifically, the central axis is set in advance, the center of the circle is selected on the central axis as the axis, the horizontal plane where the axis is located is the working level, and all phased array laser communication transmitting sub-devices are centered on the axis. The working level is evenly distributed in the upper direction.
例如，一种大范围非机械扫描相控阵激光通信发射装置如图1所示。相控阵激光通信发射子装置的数量为三个，三个相控阵激光通信发射子装置位于同一水平面上，分别绕预设的轴心为中心均匀排布，以三个相控阵激光通信发射子装置水平位置为水平方位，以三个相控阵激光通信发射子装置竖直位置为俯仰方位。For example, a large-scale non-mechanical scanning phased array laser communication transmitting device is shown in Fig. 1 . The number of phased-array laser communication transmitting sub-devices is three, and the three phased-array laser communication transmitting sub-devices are located on the same horizontal plane, and are evenly arranged around the preset axis respectively. The horizontal position of the transmitting sub-device is the horizontal azimuth, and the vertical position of the three phased array laser communication transmitting sub-devices is the elevation azimuth.
如图2、3所示，每个激光通信发射子装置包括激光通信发射机11、光纤耦合器12、光波导相控阵13、光波导移相器14、液晶空间光调制器15和液晶偏振光栅16，首先激光通信发射机11发射出的激光信号通过光纤耦合器12进入光波导相控阵13；然后光波导移相器14调节进入所述光波导相控阵13中的激光信号的相位差，得到激光初调节信号；光波导相控阵13将调节好的激光初调节信号发射给液晶空间光调制器15；液晶空间光调制器15通过调整液晶层的折射率改变激光信号的相位差，得到激光终调节信号，并发送给所述液晶偏振光栅16；最后液晶偏振光栅16对激光终调节信号进行大范围离散分段指向。采用液晶空间光调制器15和液晶偏振光栅16来增大激光信号在俯仰方位角的范围，避免了波长调谐对激光通信系统的影响。As shown in Figures 2 and 3, each laser communication transmitting sub-device includes a laser communication transmitter 11, a fiber coupler 12, an optical waveguide phased array 13, an optical waveguide phase shifter 14, a liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15 and a liquid crystal polarizer Grating 16, first the laser signal emitted by the laser communication transmitter 11 enters the optical waveguide phased array 13 through the fiber coupler 12; then the optical waveguide phase shifter 14 adjusts the phase of the laser signal entering the optical waveguide phased array 13 difference, to obtain the laser initial adjustment signal; the optical waveguide phased array 13 transmits the adjusted laser initial adjustment signal to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15; the liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15 changes the phase difference of the laser signal by adjusting the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer , to obtain the final adjustment signal of the laser, and send it to the liquid crystal polarization grating 16; finally, the liquid crystal polarization grating 16 directs the final adjustment signal of the laser in a large range of discrete segments. The liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15 and the liquid crystal polarization grating 16 are used to increase the range of the laser signal in the elevation and azimuth angles, avoiding the influence of wavelength tuning on the laser communication system.
步骤1.1，所述激光通信发射机11发射出的激光信号通过所述光纤耦合器12进入光波导相控阵13。Step 1.1, the laser signal emitted by the laser communication transmitter 11 enters the optical waveguide phased array 13 through the optical fiber coupler 12 .
具体而言，采用型号为kintex-7开发板XC7K325T的激光通信发射机11发射10Gbps激光通信信号到集成在光波导相控阵13芯片上的光纤耦合器12中，通过光纤耦合器12对激光信号进行耦合，进入到光波导相控阵13。Specifically, the laser communication transmitter 11 of the model kintex-7 development board XC7K325T is used to transmit a 10Gbps laser communication signal to the optical fiber coupler 12 integrated on the optical waveguide phased array 13 chip, and the laser signal is transmitted through the optical fiber coupler 12 Coupling is performed and enters into the optical waveguide phased array 13.
步骤1.2，所述光波导移相器14，调节进入所述光波导相控阵13中的激光信号的相位差，得到激光初调节信号，光波导相控阵13将调节好的激光初调节信号发射给液晶空间光调制器15。Step 1.2, the optical waveguide phase shifter 14 adjusts the phase difference of the laser signal entering the optical waveguide phased array 13 to obtain the initial laser adjustment signal, and the optical waveguide phased array 13 converts the adjusted laser initial adjustment signal It is sent to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15.
具体而言，光波导移向器集成在相控阵芯片上，通过光波导移相器14控制光波导相控阵13芯片，控制激光信号的指向，光波导移相器14调节激光信号相位差的范围为水平方位角-60°～60°，得到激光初调节信号，光波导相控阵13再将调节好的激光初调节信号发射给液晶空间光调制器15。Specifically, the optical waveguide shifter is integrated on the phased array chip, and the optical waveguide phase shifter 14 controls the optical waveguide phased array 13 chip to control the direction of the laser signal, and the optical waveguide phase shifter 14 adjusts the phase difference of the laser signal The range of the horizontal azimuth angle is -60°～60°, and the laser initial adjustment signal is obtained, and the optical waveguide phased array 13 transmits the adjusted laser initial adjustment signal to the liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15.
步骤1.3，所述液晶空间光调制器15通过调整液晶层的折射率改变激光信号的相位差，得到激光终调节信号，并发送给所述液晶偏振光栅16。Step 1.3, the liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15 changes the phase difference of the laser signal by adjusting the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer to obtain a final laser adjustment signal, and sends it to the liquid crystal polarization grating 16 .
具体而言，采用的液晶空间光调制器15的型号为：Meadowlark Optical-UserManual 1x12K Linear Array Spatial Light Modulator With 16-bit PCIeControlle，液晶空间光调制器15的转轴与光波导相控阵13的转轴相互垂直，液晶空间光调制器15基于光学相控阵技术，通过外加电场控制液晶层的折射率，使不同位置的液晶层具有不同的折射率，因而液晶层不同位置之间会形成一定的相位差，通过适当的电场调节使得液晶层整体位置上的相位分布呈周期性的类似于光栅结构的形貌，即相当于使用液晶形成类似光栅结构的相位深度形貌，当激光初调节信号入射至液晶层光栅相位面上时，激光初调节信号会发生偏转，通过不同电场的调制，液晶层可以实现不同的相位深度形貌，激光初调节信号实现不同角度的偏转。液晶空间光调制器15采用电光效应改变液晶折射率，实现激光信号的高精度的偏转所述空间光调制器通过调整液晶层的折射率，对激光信号的相位差进行俯仰方位角控制，相位差的范围为俯仰方位角-2.5°～2.5°，再将偏转后的激光终调节信号发送给液晶偏振光栅16。Specifically, the model of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15 used is: Meadowlark Optical-UserManual 1x12K Linear Array Spatial Light Modulator With 16-bit PCIeControlle, the rotation axis of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15 and the rotation axis of the optical waveguide phased array 13 are mutually Vertically, the liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15 is based on optical phased array technology, and the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer is controlled by an external electric field, so that the liquid crystal layer at different positions has different refractive indices, so that a certain phase difference will be formed between different positions of the liquid crystal layer , through proper electric field adjustment, the phase distribution on the overall position of the liquid crystal layer is periodically similar to the shape of the grating structure, which is equivalent to using liquid crystal to form a phase depth shape similar to the grating structure. When the laser adjustment signal is incident on the liquid crystal On the phase plane of the layer grating, the laser initial adjustment signal will be deflected. Through the modulation of different electric fields, the liquid crystal layer can achieve different phase depth profiles, and the laser initial adjustment signal can be deflected at different angles. The liquid crystal spatial light modulator 15 uses the electro-optic effect to change the refractive index of the liquid crystal to achieve high-precision deflection of the laser signal. The spatial light modulator adjusts the refractive index of the liquid crystal layer to control the phase difference of the laser signal in pitch and azimuth, and the phase difference The range of the pitch and azimuth angle is -2.5° to 2.5°, and then the deflected laser final adjustment signal is sent to the liquid crystal polarization grating 16 .
步骤1.4，所述液晶偏振光栅16对激光终调节信号进行大范围离散分段指向。In step 1.4, the liquid crystal polarization grating 16 directs the laser final adjustment signal discretely and segmentally in a large range.
具体而言，采用的液晶偏振光栅16的型号为透射式液晶偏振光栅16BNS-1550nm，液晶光调制器的转轴与液晶偏振光栅16转轴平行，液晶偏振光栅16基于控制入射光的偏手性,将圆偏转光衍射至+1级或-1级，通过集成快速电光半波偏振延迟器来控制偏振的偏手性，液晶偏振光栅16与机械式偏转器件相比，体积较小，重量轻，功耗低，液晶偏振光栅16的级联数决定了其偏转角度的分段数，采用四级液晶偏振光栅16级联，将空间光调制器15的激光终调节信号进行俯仰方位角的离散分段指向，俯仰方位角的范围分别为0°、-2.5°～2.5°、-5°～5°、-7.5°～7.5°、-10°～10°。Specifically, the type of the liquid crystal polarization grating 16 used is a transmissive liquid crystal polarization grating 16BNS-1550nm. The rotation axis of the liquid crystal light modulator is parallel to the rotation axis of the liquid crystal polarization grating 16. The liquid crystal polarization grating 16 is based on controlling the handedness of the incident light. Circularly deflected light is diffracted to +1 order or -1 order, and the handedness of polarization is controlled by integrating a fast electro-optical half-wave polarization retarder. Compared with mechanical deflection devices, liquid crystal polarization grating 16 is smaller in size, lighter in weight, and Low power consumption, the number of cascades of liquid crystal polarization gratings 16 determines the number of subsections of its deflection angle, using four cascades of liquid crystal polarization gratings 16, the laser final adjustment signal of the spatial light modulator 15 is discretely subdivided into elevation and azimuth angles The ranges of pointing and pitching azimuth angles are 0°, -2.5°～2.5°, -5°～5°, -7.5°～7.5°, -10°～10° respectively.
值得一提的是，本实施方式中所涉及到的各模块均为逻辑模块，在实际应用中，一个逻辑单元可以是一个物理单元，也可以是一个物理单元的一部分，还可以以多个物理单元的组合实现。此外，为了突出本发明的创新部分，本实施方式中并没有将与解决本发明所提出的技术问题关系不太密切的单元引入，但这并不表明本实施方式中不存在其它的单元。It is worth mentioning that all the modules involved in this embodiment are logical modules. In practical applications, a logical unit can be a physical unit, or a part of a physical unit, or multiple physical units. Combination of units. In addition, in order to highlight the innovative part of the present invention, units that are not closely related to solving the technical problems proposed by the present invention are not introduced in this embodiment, but this does not mean that there are no other units in this embodiment.
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示，通过上述的说明内容，相关的工作人员完全可以在不偏离本发明的范围内，进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术范围并不局限于说明书上的内容，必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。Inspired by the ideal embodiment according to the present invention, through the above description, relevant workers can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
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| CN202210473552.9ACN114826414B (en) | 2022-04-29 | 2022-04-29 | Large-range non-mechanical scanning phased array laser communication transmitting device |
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