CN114809977A - Device and method for plugging ultra-deep blasting holes with large downward water flow for upward blasting holes - Google Patents
Device and method for plugging ultra-deep blasting holes with large downward water flow for upward blasting holesDownload PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本发明涉及煤炭开采工程技术领域，特别是涉及用于向上炮孔向 下水流量大的超深爆破孔封堵装置及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining engineering, in particular to an ultra-deep blasting hole plugging device and method for the upward blasting hole with a large downward water flow.
背景技术Background technique
矿井顶板离层涌水主要是指随着煤层开采，由于软硬岩性差异， 煤层上覆岩层在采动作用下不同步下沉而形成的岩层分离所产生多 个大小不一的离层空间，在该空间中形成真空负压，将地下含水层中 的水通过侧向径流补给和垂向渗流、越流补给等形式吸入离层空间聚 集起来，即形成离层积水。这些空间中积存的离层水，一旦随着煤层 开采后所形成的导水裂缝带(或垮落带、导水断层及其它导水通道) 导通其上覆离层空间，便会引起离层水体溃入矿井工作面，引发矿井 突水现象，同时上覆岩体与离层水一起作用在液压支架上，易造成水 压架灾害。同时对于矿井井下采掘空间和采掘活动而言，离层水涌水 现象也是较为严重的离层水害。当某个离层空间积水水量较大时，其 发生离层水涌水的概率也较大，离层水涌水的水害威胁也较大。西部 地区煤层厚度大、上覆岩层富水性强，给厚硬顶板发生离层水害提供 了条件，特厚煤层条件下富水厚硬顶板的离层水害防治是西部矿区安 全生产的关键。Mine roof abscission water inflow mainly refers to the separation of layers of different sizes generated by the separation of strata formed by the asynchronous subsidence of the overlying strata under the action of mining due to the difference of soft and hard lithology with the mining of coal seams. A vacuum negative pressure is formed in this space, and the water in the underground aquifer is sucked into the abscission space through lateral runoff replenishment, vertical seepage, and cross-current replenishment to accumulate, that is, abscission water is formed. The abscission water accumulated in these spaces, once the water-conducting fracture zone (or caving zone, water-conducting fault and other water-conducting channels) formed after coal seam mining leads to the overlying abscission space, it will cause separation. The layer water body breaks into the working face of the mine, causing the phenomenon of mine water inrush. At the same time, the overlying rock mass and the abscission water act on the hydraulic support together, which is easy to cause the hydraulic frame disaster. At the same time, for the underground mining space and mining activities, the phenomenon of abscission water gushing is also a serious abscission water damage. When there is a large amount of accumulated water in a certain aerosol space, the probability of abscission water gushing is also greater, and the threat of water damage from abscission water gushing is also greater. The thick coal seam in the western region and the overlying strata have strong water content, which provides conditions for the occurrence of water damage in the thick and hard roof.
西部地区矿井开采面临的主要难点是西部软岩容易泥化，天然无 水状态或干燥条件下是强度较低的岩石，一但遇水，岩石就泥化、崩 解、膨胀，容易导致围岩变形甚至出现冒顶、塌方等工程事故；由于 西北岩石有遇水泥化的特点，打孔疏水解决离层水害无法实现；采用 间隔式放顶煤间隔式放顶的方法解决离层水害，效果也不明显，开采 过程中仍出现多次出水压架现象，当工作面收采时，支架几乎散架。 针对西部煤炭综放开采，采高过大，垮落带过小，采空区不能充填满 实，必须对煤层顶板进行超深孔爆破强制放顶，在顶板内部产生爆破 损伤，进而随着煤层开采引起顶板破碎冒落，避免顶板沉降不均匀引 起的离层空间，同时深孔爆破加大垮落带高度，使采空区充填满实， 减少顶板的下沉量，进一步有效预防顶板离层水害。The main difficulty faced by mine mining in the western region is that the soft rock in the west is easy to sludge, and the rock with low strength under natural anhydrous state or dry conditions, once it encounters water, the rock will sludge, disintegrate and expand, which may easily lead to surrounding rock. Deformation and even engineering accidents such as roof caving and landslide occur; due to the characteristics of cementation in the rock in the northwest, it is impossible to solve the water hazard by drilling and draining the water. Obviously, during the mining process, there are still many times of water pressure frame phenomenon. When the working face is harvested, the support frame almost falls apart. For the fully mechanized caving mining of coal in the west, the mining height is too large, the caving zone is too small, and the goaf cannot be filled fully. Mining causes the roof to break and fall to avoid the separation space caused by uneven roof settlement. At the same time, deep hole blasting increases the height of the caving zone, so that the goaf is fully filled, reducing the amount of roof subsidence, and further effectively preventing roof separation. water damage.
煤层富水顶板超深孔爆破，主要从煤层机巷、风巷或者切眼向煤 层顶板上方钻孔，炮孔方向与水平方向夹角40°～89°，炮孔孔深40 米～80米，最长炮孔能达到100米，对于如此大倾角超深孔，装药也 相对较多，一个炮孔装药100～200公斤，为了保证炸药起爆，需要保 证炸药连续装药，加之炮孔位置位于富水顶板，顶板当中的水会从炮 孔中流出，流出速度较大，每小时1-2立方米，同时西部地区顶板泥 岩有遇水泥化的特点，而传统的炮孔封堵，就是实现炮孔的完全封堵 以实现增加爆生气体作用时间，但面对如此大的炸药量、水流量及围 岩遇水泥化特性，采用完全炮泥封堵时要能抵抗炮孔中炸药与水及泥 浆重量，本身就有很大难度，而且完全封堵极易造成炮孔中水量大引 起围岩膨胀泥化或者浮动使炮孔内炸药位置发生改变，使装药变成不 连续装药产生拒爆等问题。For ultra-deep hole blasting on the water-rich roof of the coal seam, drilling is mainly carried out from the coal seam machine roadway, air roadway or cut hole to the top of the coal seam roof. , The longest blast hole can reach 100 meters. For such a large inclination angle and ultra-deep hole, the charge is relatively large. The charge of one blast hole is 100-200 kg. In order to ensure the detonation of the explosive, it is necessary to ensure that the explosive is continuously charged. The location is located on the water-rich roof, the water in the roof will flow out from the blasthole, and the outflow rate is relatively large, 1-2 cubic meters per hour. At the same time, the roof mudstone in the western region has the characteristics of cementation, and the traditional blasthole is blocked. It is to realize the complete plugging of the blasthole to increase the action time of the blasting gas, but in the face of such a large amount of explosives, water flow and the characteristics of the cementation of the surrounding rock, it must be able to resist the explosives in the blasthole when completely plugged with mud. With the weight of water and mud, it is very difficult in itself, and complete blocking can easily cause a large amount of water in the blasthole, which will cause the surrounding rock to expand and sludge or float, which will change the position of the explosive in the blasthole, making the charge into a discontinuous charge. Drugs have problems such as refusal to explode.
综上所述对于富水顶板向上炮孔向下涌水量大的炮孔，采用普通 的炮泥封堵，已很难满足要求，故亟需一种用于向上炮孔向下水流量 大的超深爆破孔封堵装置及方法保证炮孔封孔排水的同时不会出现 炮孔冲孔，保证超深孔爆破效果。To sum up the above, it is difficult to meet the requirements for the blast holes with a large amount of water pouring downward from the upper blast holes of the rich water roof, and it is difficult to meet the requirements with ordinary blast mud. The deep blasting hole plugging device and method ensure that the blasting hole is not punched while the blasting hole is sealed and drained, and the blasting effect of the ultra-deep hole is guaranteed.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是提供一种用于向上炮孔向下水流量大的超深爆 破孔封堵装置及方法，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题。The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of super-deep blasting hole plugging device and method that is used for the large downward water flow rate of the upper blast hole, to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：本发明提供一种用于 向上炮孔向下水流量大的超深爆破孔封堵装置，包括注浆组件，岩体 上开设有若干超深爆破孔，每个所述超深爆破孔内均安装有封孔组件， 所述注浆组件分别与若干所述封孔组件相连通，每个所述超深爆破孔 内均固定有泄水部，所述泄水部一端贯穿所述封孔组件且位于所述超 深爆破孔内，所述泄水部另一端位于所述超深爆破孔外侧。In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following scheme: the present invention provides a super-deep blasting hole plugging device with a large downward water flow rate for the upward blasting hole, including a grouting component, and a plurality of ultra-deep blasting holes are opened on the rock mass. , each of the ultra-deep blasting holes is installed with a hole sealing component, the grouting component is respectively connected with a number of the hole sealing components, and each of the ultra-deep blasting holes is fixed with a drain, so One end of the water discharge portion penetrates the hole sealing assembly and is located in the ultra-deep blasting hole, and the other end of the water discharge portion is located outside the ultra-deep blasting hole.
优选的，所述封孔组件包括封孔囊袋，所述封孔囊袋为双囊袋。Preferably, the sealing component includes a sealing pouch, and the sealing pouch is a double pouch.
优选的，所述双囊袋尺寸为0.4-0.8m，双囊袋尺寸优选为0.6m。Preferably, the size of the double pouch is 0.4-0.8 m, and the size of the double pouch is preferably 0.6 m.
优选的，所述注浆组件包括注浆泵，每个所述超深爆破孔内均安 装有注浆管，所述注浆管一端贯穿第一个封孔囊袋，两个所述封孔囊 袋与注浆管通过卡扣连接，所述注浆管另一端位于所述超深爆破孔外 侧且固定连接有快接，所述注浆泵上通过变径连通有所述注浆管，任 一所述超深爆破孔内的注浆管通过所述快接与所述注浆泵上的所述 注浆管连通。Preferably, the grouting assembly includes a grouting pump, a grouting pipe is installed in each of the ultra-deep blasting holes, one end of the grouting pipe penetrates the first sealing bag, and the two sealing holes The bladder and the grouting pipe are connected by snaps, the other end of the grouting pipe is located outside the ultra-deep blasting hole and is fixedly connected with a quick connection, and the grouting pump is connected with the grouting pipe through a variable diameter, The grouting pipe in any one of the ultra-deep blasting holes communicates with the grouting pipe on the grouting pump through the quick connection.
每个所述封孔囊袋内部注浆管连通有爆破阀，当注浆管压力达到 1MPa时，爆破阀自动爆开，浆液从爆破阀流出，填充封孔囊袋，两 个封孔囊袋之间留有注浆管，注浆管中部设置有爆破阀，当注浆管内 压力达到1.2MPa时，会自动爆开，浆液注入到两个封孔囊袋之间， 填实两个封孔囊到之间的孔隙。所述封孔囊袋最大承受压力为2.5MPa。A blasting valve is connected to the grouting pipe inside each of the sealing pouches. When the pressure of the grouting pipe reaches 1MPa, the blasting valve automatically bursts open, and the slurry flows out from the blasting valve to fill the sealing pouch. Two sealing pouches There is a grouting pipe in between, and a burst valve is set in the middle of the grouting pipe. When the pressure in the grouting pipe reaches 1.2MPa, it will automatically burst open, and the slurry is injected into the two sealing bags to fill the two sealing holes. The pores between the sacs. The maximum pressure of the sealed pouch is 2.5MPa.
优选的，所述泄水部包括泄水管，所述泄水管一端贯穿所述封孔 囊袋位于所述超深爆破孔内，所述泄水管另一端于所述超深爆破孔外 侧且固定连通有泄水阀，所述泄水管送入炮孔长度比双囊袋长 20-40cm。所述泄水管直径10-16mm，承受最大水流速度可达10m/s， 当炮孔直径为94mm时，炮孔最大水流量2m3/h，炮孔内最大水流速度 0.8m/s,当封堵以后，泄水管直径为10mm时，泄水管最大流速值达到 7.08m/s时，就可以实现炮孔积水完全渗透出去。Preferably, the water discharge part includes a water discharge pipe, one end of the water discharge pipe is located in the ultra-deep blasting hole through the sealing bag, and the other end of the water discharge pipe is outside the ultra-deep blasting hole and is in fixed communication There is a drain valve, and the length of the drain pipe into the blasthole is 20-40cm longer than that of the double bag. The diameter of the drainage pipe is 10-16mm, and the maximum water flow speed can reach 10m/s. When the diameter of the blast hole is 94mm, the maximum water flow rate of the blast hole is 2m3 /h, and the maximum water flow speed in the blast hole is 0.8m/s. After plugging, when the diameter of the drain pipe is 10mm, and the maximum velocity value of the drain pipe reaches 7.08m/s, the water in the blast hole can be completely penetrated.
优选的，所述泄水管最大承受压力为6MPa。Preferably, the maximum pressure of the drain pipe is 6MPa.
将泄水管与封孔组件一同送入炮孔，关闭泄水阀，注浆管与注浆 泵连接，先往封孔囊袋内注浆，当封孔囊袋中压力达到1MPa时，封 孔囊袋爆破阀爆开，往封另一孔囊袋中注浆，当压力达到1.5MPa时， 两个封孔囊袋之间的单向阀打开，往炮孔中注浆，当整体注浆达到 2MPa时，拔掉注浆泵与注浆管的连接，往下一个超深爆破孔注浆。 同时打开泄水阀，排出炮孔中岩水。Send the drain pipe together with the sealing component into the blasthole, close the drain valve, connect the grouting pipe to the grouting pump, and pour the grouting into the sealing bag first. When the pressure in the sealing bag reaches 1MPa, the hole is sealed. The blasting valve of the bag is opened, and grouting is carried out into the other sealed bag. When the pressure reaches 1.5MPa, the one-way valve between the two sealed bags is opened, and the grouting is carried out into the blast hole. When it reaches 2MPa, unplug the connection between the grouting pump and the grouting pipe, and grouting into the next ultra-deep blasting hole. At the same time, open the drain valve to discharge the rock water in the blast hole.
一种用于向上炮孔向下水流量大的超深爆破孔封堵方法，包括以 下步骤，A kind of super-deep blasting hole plugging method that is used for the large downward water flow rate of upward blasting hole, comprising the following steps,
步骤一：在超深爆破孔内装药完毕后，确认超深爆破孔装药是否 稳定；Step 1: After the charging in the ultra-deep blasting hole is completed, confirm whether the charging of the ultra-deep blasting hole is stable;
步骤二：所述注浆泵一侧设置有搅拌器，利用水管对注浆泵和搅 拌器进行冲洗，并对注浆泵和搅拌器进行试运行；Step 2: one side of the grouting pump is provided with an agitator, and the grouting pump and the agitator are flushed with a water pipe, and the grouting pump and the agitator are put into trial operation;
步骤三：向搅拌器内加入清水和封孔材料，制成浆液；Step 3: Add water and sealing material into the mixer to make a slurry;
步骤四：安装封孔囊袋和泄水管，将注浆泵上的注浆管与超深爆 破孔内注浆管分别连通，并进行注浆工作；Step 4: Install the sealing bag and the drain pipe, connect the grouting pipe on the grouting pump with the grouting pipe in the ultra-deep blasting hole respectively, and carry out the grouting work;
步骤五：注浆完成后对注浆泵和搅拌器进行清洗；Step 5: After grouting is completed, clean the grouting pump and agitator;
步骤六：撤离人员准备爆破。Step 6: The evacuees are ready to blast.
优选的，步骤四包括，Preferably,
4.1、根据需要选择一种规格封孔囊袋进行安装，将两个封孔囊 袋一前一后与泄水管一同放入超深炮孔中，关闭泄水阀，注浆管与注 浆泵连接，所述注浆管固定且连通有爆破阀，所述爆破阀分别位于两 个封孔囊袋内以及两个封孔囊袋之间；4.1. Select a type of sealing bag for installation according to your needs. Put the two sealing bags in tandem with the drain pipe into the ultra-deep blasthole, close the drain valve, the grouting pipe and the grouting pump. connected, the grouting pipe is fixed and communicated with a blasting valve, and the blasting valve is respectively located in the two sealing pockets and between the two sealing pockets;
4.2、将注浆泵上的注浆管与任一超深爆破孔内的注浆管连通， 开启注浆泵，先向内部的封孔囊袋内注浆，当内部封孔囊袋中压力达 到1MPa时，外部的封孔囊袋内的爆破阀爆开，相外部的封孔囊袋中 注浆，当压力达到1.5MPa时，两个封孔囊袋之间的爆破阀打开，向 超深爆破孔中注浆，当整体注浆压力达到2MPa，完成此超深爆破孔 注浆，关闭注浆泵，将注浆管折弯用扎带扎紧；4.2. Connect the grouting pipe on the grouting pump with the grouting pipe in any ultra-deep blasting hole, turn on the grouting pump, and firstly grouting into the inner sealing bag, when the pressure in the inner sealing bag When the pressure reaches 1MPa, the blasting valve in the outer sealing bag will burst open, and the outer sealing bag will be grouted. When the pressure reaches 1.5MPa, the blasting valve between the two sealing bags will be opened, and the outer sealing bag will be grouted. Grouting in the deep blasting hole, when the overall grouting pressure reaches 2MPa, complete the grouting of the ultra-deep blasting hole, close the grouting pump, and bend the grouting pipe and fasten it with cable ties;
4.3、将注浆泵上的注浆管快速与另一注浆管的快接连通，然后 进行注浆，直至所有超深爆破孔注浆完毕。4.3. Quickly connect the grouting pipe on the grouting pump with the quick connection of another grouting pipe, and then perform grouting until all ultra-deep blasting holes are grouted.
优选的，步骤三中，先向搅拌器内加入清水，同时缓慢加入封孔 材料，直至清水与封孔材料的比值为1:1。Preferably, in
优选的，步骤五中将吸浆泵吸入清水，全速运转2-3分钟，使吸 浆泵主体及吸浆泵上的吸浆管被冲洗干净。Preferably, in
优选的，步骤四中，在注浆过程中观察注浆管管路是否通畅，终 点观察接口变径处。Preferably, in
本发明公开了以下技术效果：本发明将封孔组件于超深爆破孔内， 通过向里面注入浆液，泄水部能够将超深爆破孔内多余水分排出，水 泥浆液留在封孔组件中，使封孔组件与超深爆破孔内壁紧密接触，凝 固后实现了对超深爆破孔的封堵，克服了大药量下传统炮泥封堵易冲 孔及向上炮孔水流量大传统炮泥无法封堵，封堵效果差等问题。能够 有效解决西部地区综放开采煤层上覆富水厚硬顶板强制放顶时，超深 孔大药量起爆不冲孔，同时解决炮孔封堵后，由于炮孔中水量大引起 围岩膨胀泥化或者浮动使炮孔内炸药位置发生改变，使装药变成不连 续装药产生拒爆等问题。解决了西部地区向上炮孔向下涌水量大，不 易封堵的问题，能够实现深孔爆破任意长度快速封堵，保证了深孔爆 破的效果。The invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention places the hole sealing component in the ultra-deep blasting hole, and by injecting the slurry into it, the water discharge part can discharge the excess water in the ultra-deep blasting hole, and the cement slurry remains in the hole sealing component, The sealing component is in close contact with the inner wall of the ultra-deep blasting hole, and the ultra-deep blasting hole is blocked after solidification, which overcomes the easy punching of the traditional muddy plugging under large dosage and the large water flow rate of the upward blasting hole. Can not be blocked, the blocking effect is poor and so on. It can effectively solve the problem that when the overlying water-rich thick hard roof is forced caving in the fully mechanized caving mining coal seam in the western region, the super-deep hole and the large amount of charge are not pierced. Mudding or floating changes the position of the explosive in the blasthole, making the charge into a discontinuous charge and causing problems such as refusal to detonate. It solves the problem of large amount of water gushing downwards from the upper blastholes in the western region and is not easy to block, and can realize rapid plugging of any length of deep hole blasting, ensuring the effect of deep hole blasting.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面 将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描 述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来 讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他 的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor.
图1为本发明封堵装置结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plugging device of the present invention;
图2为本发明封堵方法流程示意图；Fig. 2 is the schematic flow chart of the plugging method of the present invention;
图3为实施例2封堵装置结构示意图；3 is a schematic structural diagram of the plugging device in Example 2;
图4为实施例3封堵装置结构示意图；4 is a schematic structural diagram of the plugging device in Example 3;
其中：1-封孔囊袋，2-注浆管，3-泄水管，4-超深爆破孔，5- 泄水阀，6-爆破阀。Among them: 1- sealing bag, 2- grouting pipe, 3- drain pipe, 4- ultra-deep blasting hole, 5- drain valve, 6- blasting valve.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方 案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部 分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普 通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结 合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
实施例一：Example 1:
参照图1-2，本实施例提供一种用于向上炮孔向下水流量大的超 深爆破孔封堵装置，包括注浆组件，岩体上开设有若干超深爆破孔4， 每个超深爆破孔4内均安装有封孔组件，注浆组件分别与若干封孔组 件相连通，每个超深爆破孔4内均固定有泄水部，泄水部一端贯穿封 孔组件且位于超深爆破孔4内，泄水部另一端位于超深爆破孔4外侧。 通过注浆组件相封孔组件中注浆，使封孔组件在泄水部的作用下与超 深爆破孔内壁贴合，完成对超深爆破孔的封堵。1-2, the present embodiment provides an ultra-deep blasting hole plugging device with a large downward water flow rate for the upward blasting hole, including a grouting component, and a plurality of ultra-deep blasting holes 4 are opened on the rock mass, and each
进一步优化方案，封孔组件包括封孔囊袋1，封孔囊袋1为双囊 袋。To further optimize the solution, the sealing component includes a sealing
进一步优化方案，双囊袋尺寸为0.6m。To further optimize the plan, the size of the double bladder bag is 0.6m.
进一步优化方案，注浆组件包括注浆泵，每个超深爆破孔4内均 安装有注浆管2，注浆管2一端贯穿封孔囊袋1位于超深爆破孔4内， 注浆管2另一端位于超深爆破孔4外侧且固定连接有快接，注浆泵上 通过变径连通有注浆管2，任一超深爆破孔4内的注浆管2通过快接 与注浆泵上的注浆管2连通。利用快接使注浆泵上的注浆管2在断开 后迅速与下一个注浆管2对接，防止浆液裸露时间较长而凝固，使后 续注浆无法正常进行。To further optimize the scheme, the grouting component includes a grouting pump, and each
进一步的，注浆管2一端贯穿一个封孔囊袋1，端部插入到封孔 囊袋1底部，两个封孔囊袋与注浆管2通过卡扣紧密连接，封孔囊袋 1内部注浆管2设置有爆破阀，当注浆管压力达到1MPa时，会自动 爆开，浆液会从压力阀流出，充填注浆囊袋1；两个封孔囊袋1之间留有注浆管2，留有的注浆管中间设置爆破阀6，当注浆管2内压力 达到1.2MPa时，会自动爆开，注浆浆液会通过该开口注入到两个封 孔囊袋1之间，填实囊袋1、2之间的空隙。炮孔真实封孔长度为两 个封孔囊袋1及留有注浆管2长度之和。Further, one end of the
进一步优化方案，泄水部包括泄水管3，泄水管3一端贯穿封孔 囊袋1位于超深爆破孔4内，泄水管3另一端于超深爆破孔4外侧且 固定连通有泄水阀5，泄水管3送入炮孔长度比双囊袋长20-40cm。 将泄水管3与封孔组件一同送入超深爆破孔，关闭泄水阀，注浆管2与注浆泵连接，先往封孔囊袋1内注浆，当封孔囊袋1中压力达到 1MPa时，封孔囊袋1爆破阀爆开，往封另一封孔囊袋1中注浆，当 压力达到1.5MPa时，两个封孔囊袋1之间的爆破阀打开，往炮孔中 注浆，当整体注浆达到2MPa时，拔掉注浆泵与注浆管2的连接，往 下一个超深爆破孔注浆。同时打开泄水阀，排出炮孔中岩水。To further optimize the solution, the water discharge part includes a
进一步优化方案，为实现快速高效封孔，拟选用滤积式封孔囊袋 1，封孔囊袋1的材料为高弹涤纶双面布，封孔囊袋1仅能通过水向 钻孔内注浆，多余的水分可以从封孔囊袋1中流出，而水泥浆液则留 在封孔囊袋1中，从而实现水、气体与浆料的分离。封孔囊袋1内的 水分滤除后，水灰比约为0.3：1左右。封孔囊袋1与钻孔壁面紧密 接触，高浓度的水泥浆液在孔内凝固的同时，实现了钻孔的封堵。To further optimize the plan, in order to achieve fast and efficient sealing, it is planned to use a filter-
一种用于向上炮孔向下水流量大的超深爆破孔封堵方法，包括以 下步骤，A kind of super-deep blasting hole plugging method that is used for the large downward water flow rate of upward blasting hole, comprising the following steps,
步骤一：在超深爆破孔4内装药完毕后，确认超深爆破孔4装药 是否稳定；Step 1: After the charging in the
步骤二：注浆泵一侧设置有搅拌器，利用水管对注浆泵和搅拌器 进行冲洗，并对注浆泵和搅拌器进行试运行；Step 2: An agitator is provided on one side of the grouting pump, and the grouting pump and the agitator are flushed with a water pipe, and the grouting pump and the agitator are put into trial operation;
步骤三：向搅拌器内加入清水和封孔材料，制成浆液；Step 3: Add water and sealing material into the mixer to make a slurry;
步骤四：安装封孔囊袋1和泄水管，将注浆泵上的注浆管2与超 深爆破孔4内注浆管2分别连通，并进行注浆工作；Step 4: install the sealing
步骤五：注浆完成后对注浆泵和搅拌器进行清洗；Step 5: After grouting is completed, clean the grouting pump and agitator;
步骤六：撤离人员准备爆破。Step 6: The evacuees are ready to blast.
进一步优化方案，步骤四包括，To further optimize the plan, step four includes,
4.1、根据需要选择一种规格封孔囊袋1进行安装，将两个封孔 囊袋一前一后与泄水管一同放入超深炮孔4中，关闭泄水阀，注浆管2与注浆泵连接，所述注浆管2固定且连通有爆破阀6，所述爆破阀 6分别位于两个封孔囊袋1内以及两个封孔囊袋1之间；4.1. Select a type of sealing
安装时将两个封孔囊袋一前一后放入超深爆破孔内，两个封孔囊 袋之间的距离为0.4-0.8m，0.6m双囊袋对应着“两堵一注”封孔工 艺，注浆过程中，一前一后两个囊袋会首先被注满并膨胀。当压力达 到1.2MPa时，囊袋之间管路上的爆破阀会自动爆开，此时水泥浆液 会流入囊袋中间的钻孔段，并注满这个区域。当水泥浆液凝固后，即 可实现钻孔的封孔。为了保证这一部分的封孔效果，最后注浆泵压力 表示数为2MPa时，停止注浆。中间段的浆液具有2MPa的压力，与孔 壁具有粘结力，还可对顶端的封孔囊袋起到缓冲作用。通过让两个囊 袋之间的爆破阀爆开，使水泥浆液流入囊袋之间的孔隙，注满整个区 域，能够将两个囊袋连接起来，增加封堵组件与超深爆破孔之间的接 触面积，使封堵更加稳定。When installing, put the two sealing pockets into the ultra-deep blasting hole one after the other, the distance between the two sealing pockets is 0.4-0.8m, and the 0.6m double pocket corresponds to "two plugs and one injection". In the sealing process, during the grouting process, the two bladders in the front and the rear will be filled and expanded first. When the pressure reaches 1.2MPa, the burst valve on the pipeline between the bladders will automatically burst open, and the cement slurry will flow into the drilling section in the middle of the bladders and fill this area. When the cement slurry solidifies, the drilling can be sealed. In order to ensure the sealing effect of this part, the grouting was stopped when the final pressure of the grouting pump was 2MPa. The slurry in the middle section has a pressure of 2MPa, which has a cohesive force with the hole wall, and can also play a buffering role on the sealing bag at the top. By opening the blasting valve between the two bladders, the cement slurry flows into the pores between the bladders and fills the entire area, which can connect the two bladders and increase the gap between the plugging component and the ultra-deep blasting hole. The contact area is large, which makes the plugging more stable.
4.2、将注浆泵上的注浆管2与任一超深爆破孔4内的注浆管2 连通，开启注浆泵，先向内部的封孔囊袋1内注浆，当内部封孔囊袋 1中压力达到1MPa时，外部的封孔囊袋1内的爆破阀爆开，相外部 的封孔囊袋1中注浆，当压力达到1.5MPa时，两个封孔囊袋1之间 的爆破阀打开，向超深爆破孔4中注浆，当整体注浆压力达到2MPa， 完成此超深爆破孔4注浆，关闭注浆泵，将注浆管2折弯用扎带扎紧；4.2. Connect the
4.3、使用剪刀将注浆完成的注浆管2剪断，将注浆泵上的注浆 管2快速与另一注浆管2的快接连通，然后进行注浆，直至所有超深 爆破孔4注浆完毕。4.3. Use scissors to cut off the
进一步优化方案，步骤4.2中压力表示数不超过2.5MPa，压力 超过2.5MPa会导致封孔囊袋1破损，影响封堵效果。To further optimize the scheme, in step 4.2, the number of pressure indications does not exceed 2.5MPa, and if the pressure exceeds 2.5MPa, the sealing
进一步优化方案，步骤三中，先向搅拌器内加入清水，同时缓慢 加入封孔材料，直至清水与封孔材料的比值为1:1。根据实验可知， 浆液太稠，会导致注浆管堵塞，浆液太稀，凝固时间会变长，故选用 1:1能够保证注浆管不会堵塞的前提下减少凝固时间，使封堵更加迅 速。To further optimize the scheme, in
进一步优化方案，步骤五中将吸浆泵吸入清水，全速运转2-3分 钟，使吸浆泵主体及吸浆泵上的吸浆管被冲洗干净。使吸浆管管路和 注浆泵泵体冲洗干净，防止浆液凝固在管路或泵体内影响下次使用。To further optimize the plan, in
进一步优化方案，步骤四中，在注浆过程中观察注浆管2管路是 否通畅，终点观察接口变径处。To further optimize the plan, in
进一步优化方案，将注浆管管路更换至另一注浆管时，因为管中 带有压力，禁止将管口对着工人，避免浆液喷出对人的眼睛、口鼻造 成伤害。To further optimize the plan, when replacing the grouting pipe pipeline with another grouting pipe, because of the pressure in the pipe, it is forbidden to point the nozzle to the worker, so as to avoid the injury of the eyes, mouth and nose caused by the sprayed slurry.
实施例二：Embodiment 2:
本实施例提供一种用于向上炮孔向下水流量大的超深炮孔封堵 方法，本实施例与实施例一的区别仅在于采用1.5m单囊袋的封孔囊 袋，1.5m单囊袋对应着“一堵”的封孔工艺，在注浆之后，封孔囊 袋1内的压力可以达到2MPa，因为封孔囊袋1是由只透水不透料的 特殊材质制造而成的，注浆液中的大部分水流出。浆液凝固后，能达 到较高的强度。This embodiment provides a method for plugging an ultra-deep blast hole with a large downward water flow rate for the upward blast hole. The pouch corresponds to the "one-stop" sealing process. After grouting, the pressure in the sealing
实施例三：本实施例提供一种用于向上炮孔向下水流量大的超深 炮孔封堵方法，本实施例与实施例一的区别仅在于采用0.7m单囊袋， 将封孔囊袋直接安装在超深爆破孔靠近入口的一端，0.7m单囊袋对 应着“一堵一注”封孔工艺，在注浆时过程中，孔口的封孔囊袋首先 被注满，当浆液压力达到1.2MPa时，管路顶端的爆破阀会自动爆开， 水泥浆液把药管和封孔囊袋之间的部分填满。由于因为封孔囊袋上部 的浆液浓度较低，要求凝固时间较长。本发明能够将装药部分与封孔 囊袋之间的缝隙用水泥浆液填满，使封堵效果更好，同时提升了炸药 在超深爆破孔内的稳定性，为之后的起爆提供便利。Embodiment 3: This embodiment provides an ultra-deep blast hole plugging method with a large downward water flow rate for the upward blast hole. The difference between this embodiment and The bag is directly installed at the end of the ultra-deep blasting hole near the entrance. The 0.7m single bag corresponds to the "one plug and one injection" sealing process. During the grouting process, the sealed bag at the orifice is first filled. When the slurry pressure reaches 1.2MPa, the burst valve at the top of the pipeline will automatically burst open, and the cement slurry fills the part between the drug tube and the sealing bag. Due to the lower concentration of the slurry in the upper part of the sealed pouch, a longer setting time is required. The invention can fill the gap between the charging part and the sealing bag with cement slurry, so that the sealing effect is better, and meanwhile, the stability of the explosive in the ultra-deep blasting hole is improved, and the subsequent detonation is facilitated.
为了寻找快速高效的封孔方法，对不同结构囊袋、不同的试验材 料以及不同的凝结时间进行井下试验，具体试验结果如表1所示，实 验目的是对“囊袋一堵”、“两堵一注”、“一堵一注”三种工艺进 行对比分析，得到最佳的封孔工艺或方法。In order to find a fast and efficient sealing method, downhole tests were conducted on bladders with different structures, different test materials and different coagulation times. The specific test results are shown in Table 1. The three processes of "plugging one injection" and "one blocking and one injection" were compared and analyzed, and the best sealing process or method was obtained.
表1不同封孔材料封孔试验结果汇总表Table 1 Summary table of sealing test results of different sealing materials
在试验材料为I型封孔材料时，对1.5m单囊袋与1m单囊袋进行 了测试，试验注浆时由于水灰比为0.6:1时，浆液太稠，会导致注浆 管堵塞；便对浆液进行了稀释，此时保证注浆管不堵塞时注浆液的水 灰比大致为1.5:1。待注浆完毕后，等候凝固时间从15min逐步提升 至1h，然而试验结果较差，所有钻孔均出现冲孔现象，百米外可以 感受到强烈爆轰波，对冲孔材料进行检查分析时，发现材料用手指即 可碾碎，则可将冲孔的原因归结为材料的凝固效果未达到，此类材料 暂不适合井下封孔When the test material is type I sealing material, the 1.5m single bag and the 1m single bag were tested. During the test grouting, when the water-cement ratio is 0.6:1, the slurry is too thick, which will cause the grouting pipe to be blocked. ; The slurry is diluted, and the water-cement ratio of the grouting solution is approximately 1.5:1 when the grouting pipe is not blocked. After the grouting is completed, the waiting time for solidification is gradually increased from 15min to 1h. However, the test results are poor. Punching phenomenon occurs in all drilling holes, and a strong detonation wave can be felt at a distance of 100 meters. If it is found that the material can be crushed with fingers, the reason for the punching can be attributed to the failure to achieve the solidification effect of the material, and this kind of material is not suitable for downhole sealing.
使用II型材料时，测试囊袋为1.5m单囊、0.7m单囊、0.6m双 囊，注浆时材料的水灰比为1:1，通过压力表示数严格控制注浆压力 为2MPa，试验时材料凝固时间均为1h，最终试验结果囊袋试验均较 好。实验结果表明，利用囊袋进行的封孔工艺就可以满足超深爆破孔的封孔需要，因此，建议工作面爆破作业采用“囊袋堵”的封孔工艺。When using type II material, the test bag is 1.5m single bag, 0.7m single bag, 0.6m double bag, the water-cement ratio of the material during grouting is 1:1, and the grouting pressure is strictly controlled by the pressure indicator to 2MPa, During the test, the solidification time of the material was 1h, and the final test results of the bag test were all good. The experimental results show that the sealing process using the pocket bag can meet the sealing needs of the ultra-deep blasting hole. Therefore, it is recommended to use the "sack pocket" sealing process for the blasting operation of the working face.
通过现场工业性实验的结果，确定了工作面爆破钻孔高效封孔技 术关键参数。Through the results of on-site industrial experiments, the key parameters of the high-efficiency sealing technology for blasting drilling in the working face are determined.
(1)煤矿用气动注浆泵，要求体积小、重量轻，易于移动，适 合多个超深爆破孔的快速封孔；要求实际注浆压力必须大于2MPa， 保证囊袋与钻孔内壁的充分结合；注浆流量满足式1，保证浆液在 20min内充满囊袋的孔间。(1) Pneumatic grouting pumps for coal mines are required to be small in size, light in weight, easy to move, and suitable for quick sealing of multiple ultra-deep blasting holes; the actual grouting pressure must be greater than 2MPa to ensure sufficient capacity between the bag and the inner wall of the borehole. Combined; the grouting flow satisfies
Q≥V/20 式1Q≥V/20
启动注浆泵型号为ZBQ便捷式气动注浆泵，注浆泵以压缩空气为 动力源，全自动气动搅拌，操作简单，能有效减轻井下工人劳动强度。 清洗时只需打开搅拌装置加清水即可，以防止速凝水泥堵塞气泵。该 设备具有较好的通用性，在易燃易爆、温度湿度变化较大的场所，均 可使用。The model of the start-up grouting pump is ZBQ portable pneumatic grouting pump. The grouting pump uses compressed air as the power source and is fully automatic pneumatic stirring. It is easy to operate and can effectively reduce the labor intensity of underground workers. When cleaning, just turn on the stirring device and add water to prevent the quick-setting cement from blocking the air pump. The device has good versatility and can be used in places with flammable, explosive, temperature and humidity changes.
(2)连接管路，采用强度高于6MPa的管路，保证在注浆泵开启 瞬间，管路不被冲破。(2) To connect the pipeline, use the pipeline with a strength higher than 6MPa to ensure that the pipeline will not be broken when the grouting pump is turned on.
(3)封孔囊袋，采用滤积式封孔囊袋，材料为高弹涤纶双面布， 封孔囊袋长度小于切顶超深爆破孔长的三分之一，注浆过程的压力不 可超过2.5MPa，压力过大会导致封孔囊袋破损。(3) Sealing pouch, using filter-type sealing pouch, the material is high-elastic polyester double-sided cloth, the length of the sealing pouch is less than one-third of the length of the top-cut ultra-deep blasting hole, and the pressure during the grouting process It should not exceed 2.5MPa, and the pressure will cause the sealing bag to be damaged.
(4)封孔材料，采用Ⅱ型封孔材料。在注浆时，将水和Ⅱ型封 孔材料按照水灰比1：1进行配置。封孔结束后，材料需要凝固时间 建议不少于30min。(4) Sealing material, type II sealing material is used. During grouting, the water and type II sealing material were configured according to the water-cement ratio of 1:1. After the sealing is completed, the material needs to be solidified for no less than 30 minutes.
采用调研、实验室试验方法，确定了封孔材料和封孔设备，并通 过井下封孔试验的方法，确定了最佳封孔工艺，即“囊袋+泄水孔” 封孔工艺。Using research and laboratory test methods, the sealing materials and equipment were determined, and the optimal sealing process was determined by the method of downhole sealing test, that is, the sealing process of "sack bag + drain hole".
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、 “下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、 “内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置 关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为 对本发明的限制。In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "portrait", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or It is implied that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述，并非对本 发明的范围进行限定，在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下，本领域普 通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进，均应落入本 发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only to describe the preferred modes of the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can make various modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention. Variations and improvements should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.
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