CN114804781A - Durable PHC tubular pile concrete and PHC tubular pile - Google Patents
Durable PHC tubular pile concrete and PHC tubular pileDownload PDFInfo
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B21/00—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles
- B28B21/02—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds
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- B28B21/22—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds using compacting means using rotatable mould or core parts
- B28B21/30—Centrifugal moulding
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
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- B28B21/60—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles incorporating reinforcements or inserts prestressed reinforcements
- B28B21/62—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles incorporating reinforcements or inserts prestressed reinforcements circumferential laterally tensioned
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
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- C04B18/022—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates agglomerated by an organic binder
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- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
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- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/58—Prestressed concrete piles
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- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
- C04B2201/52—High compression strength concretes, i.e. with a compression strength higher than about 55 N/mm2, e.g. reactive powder concrete [RPC]
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Translated fromChineseDescription
Translated fromChinese技术领域technical field
本申请涉及管桩领域，更具体地说，它涉及耐久型PHC管桩混凝土及PHC管桩。The present application relates to the field of pipe piles, and more particularly, it relates to durable PHC pipe pile concrete and PHC pipe piles.
背景技术Background technique
预应力高强度混凝土管桩，又称PHC管桩，具有强度高、造价低、施工快捷等优点，主要用作地基材料来提高地基的承载能力和建筑物的稳定性，广泛应用于码头、港口、大跨度桥梁的等多种工程中。Prestressed high-strength concrete pipe piles, also known as PHC pipe piles, have the advantages of high strength, low cost and fast construction. They are mainly used as foundation materials to improve the bearing capacity of foundations and the stability of buildings. They are widely used in wharfs and ports. , large-span bridges and other projects.
由于PHC管桩应用场景的多样性，部分PHC管桩处于潮湿环境，在长期使用过程中，PHC管桩会因水分渗透逐渐出现裂纹等现象，从而会导致PHC管桩的强度下降，最终影响PHC管桩的正常使用。即，PHC管桩的防水性差会导致PHC管桩的耐久性差。为了提高PHC管桩在潮湿环境中的耐久性，现有技术采取在PHC管桩的外侧壁喷涂防水层的方式，从而提高PHC管桩的防水性能。Due to the diversity of application scenarios of PHC pipe piles, some PHC pipe piles are in a humid environment. During long-term use, PHC pipe piles will gradually appear cracks due to water penetration, which will lead to a decrease in the strength of PHC pipe piles and ultimately affect PHC. Normal use of pipe piles. That is, poor water resistance of the PHC pipe pile may result in poor durability of the PHC pipe pile. In order to improve the durability of the PHC pipe pile in a humid environment, the prior art adopts the method of spraying a waterproof layer on the outer side wall of the PHC pipe pile, thereby improving the waterproof performance of the PHC pipe pile.
针对上述中的相关技术，发明人认为在PHC管桩外侧壁喷涂防水层的方式不仅多增加了一部工序，增加了能源的消耗，而且还增加了人力资源的消耗，从而增加了生产成本地投入。In view of the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventor believes that the method of spraying the waterproof layer on the outer wall of the PHC pipe pile not only adds one more process, increases the consumption of energy, but also increases the consumption of human resources, thereby increasing the production cost. put in.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了降低能耗，减少人力消耗，降低生产成本，本申请提供耐久型PHC管桩混凝土及PHC管桩。In order to reduce energy consumption, manpower consumption and production cost, the present application provides durable PHC pipe pile concrete and PHC pipe pile.
本申请提供的耐久型PHC管桩混凝土及PHC管桩采用如下的技术方案：The durable PHC pipe pile concrete and PHC pipe pile provided by the application adopt the following technical solutions:
第一方面，本申请提供一种耐久型PHC管桩混凝土，采用如下的技术方案：First aspect, the application provides a kind of durable type PHC pipe pile concrete, adopts the following technical scheme:
耐久型PHC管桩混凝土，按重量份数，包括有以下组分：水泥340～470份，防水颗粒30～50份，骨料780～1300份，矿粉25～60份，粉煤灰25～60份，减水剂3～5份，水68～94份；Durable PHC pipe pile concrete, in parts by weight, includes the following components: 340-470 parts of cement, 30-50 parts of waterproof particles, 780-1300 parts of aggregate, 25-60 parts of mineral powder, and 25-60 parts of fly ash 60 parts, 3-5 parts water reducing agent, 68-94 parts water;
所述防水颗粒包括重量比为1:(2～5)：(15～22)的VAE乳液、丙烯酸乳液、石粉。The waterproof particles include VAE emulsion, acrylic emulsion and stone powder in a weight ratio of 1:(2-5):(15-22).
实验结果显示，通过采用上述技术方案制得的管桩具备优秀的防水效果，从而使得PHC管桩具有优良的耐久性。The experimental results show that the pipe pile prepared by adopting the above technical scheme has excellent waterproof effect, so that the PHC pipe pile has excellent durability.
结合对管桩横断面的组分分布，分析本申请具备优良防水性能的原因在于，在离心过程中，防水颗粒在离心力的作用下向外层迁移，使得防水颗粒更多分布于靠近管桩外壁处，相当于离心过程中在靠近管桩外壁处形成了防水层，从而使得本申请具备优秀的防水效果。Combined with the component distribution of the cross section of the pipe pile, it is analyzed that the reason why the application has excellent waterproof performance is that during the centrifugal process, the waterproof particles migrate to the outer layer under the action of centrifugal force, so that the waterproof particles are more distributed near the outer wall of the pipe pile. It is equivalent to forming a waterproof layer near the outer wall of the pipe pile during the centrifugation process, so that the present application has an excellent waterproof effect.
可选的，所述石粉为天青石粉、重晶石粉、玄武岩粉、辉绿岩粉中的一种或多种，且石粉的粒径为15～36mmμm。Optionally, the stone powder is one or more of celestite powder, barite powder, basalt powder, and diabase powder, and the particle size of the stone powder is 15-36 mmμm.
上述种类的石粉密度大，粒径较小，能够使防水颗粒在离心过程中顺利分层在混凝土的最外层，而且，能够在混凝土最外层形成孔隙较小的密实的防水层，以提高防水性。再者，实验结果显示，采用上述种类的石粉，制得的管桩的力学性能均能满足使用要求，这说明，上述种类的石粉均不会对耐久型PHC管桩混凝土的力学等性能产生不利影响。The above types of stone powder have high density and small particle size, so that the waterproof particles can be smoothly layered on the outermost layer of the concrete during the centrifugation process. Waterproof. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the obtained pipe piles can meet the requirements of use by using the above-mentioned types of stone powders, which shows that the above-mentioned types of stone powders will not be adverse to the mechanical properties of the durable PHC pipe pile concrete. influences.
可选的，所述VAE乳液的粘度为500～4000mPa·s，pH值为3～7，固含量为55～57％；丙烯酸乳液的粘度为400～3000mPa·s，pH值为7～9，固含量为49％～51％。Optionally, the viscosity of the VAE emulsion is 500-4000 mPa·s, the pH is 3-7, and the solid content is 55-57%; the viscosity of the acrylic emulsion is 400-3000 mPa·s, the pH is 7-9, The solid content is 49% to 51%.
通过采用上述技术方案，上述VAE乳液、丙烯酸乳液的粘度、pH值以及固含量适中，不仅有利于保障管桩的防水性以及力学性能，而且施工时的可操作性较佳。By adopting the above technical scheme, the viscosity, pH value and solid content of the above VAE emulsion and acrylic emulsion are moderate, which not only helps to ensure the waterproofness and mechanical properties of the pipe pile, but also has better operability during construction.
可选的，所述防水颗粒还包括重量占比为2～4份的聚丙烯酰胺。Optionally, the waterproof particles further include polyacrylamide in a proportion of 2 to 4 parts by weight.
实验结果显示，在防水颗粒中加入聚丙烯酰胺，能够使得防水颗粒在管桩的外层的分布更加均匀，从而进一步提高了管桩的防水性能。The experimental results show that adding polyacrylamide to the waterproof particles can make the distribution of the waterproof particles in the outer layer of the pipe pile more uniform, thereby further improving the waterproof performance of the pipe pile.
可选的，所述防水颗粒的VAE乳液、丙烯酸乳液、石粉、聚丙烯酰胺的重量比为1：3：18：3。Optionally, the weight ratio of the VAE emulsion, acrylic emulsion, stone powder, and polyacrylamide of the waterproof particles is 1:3:18:3.
实验结果显示，通过采用上述技术方案，所制得的耐久型PHC管桩混凝土的防水性能最佳。The experimental results show that by adopting the above technical scheme, the waterproof performance of the durable PHC pipe pile concrete is the best.
可选的，所述的耐久型PHC管桩混凝土的制备方法，包括以下步骤：Optionally, the preparation method of the durable PHC pipe pile concrete comprises the following steps:
制备防水颗粒：将丙烯酸乳液、VAE乳液、石粉均匀混合，获得防水颗粒；Preparation of waterproof particles: uniformly mix acrylic emulsion, VAE emulsion and stone powder to obtain waterproof particles;
预拌合：将水泥、骨料、矿粉、粉煤灰、减水剂、水搅拌混合，直至混合均匀，得到混凝土预拌混合物；Pre-mixing: mixing cement, aggregate, mineral powder, fly ash, water reducing agent and water until the mixture is uniform to obtain a ready-mixed concrete mixture;
拌合：将防水颗粒加入混凝土预拌混合物中，搅拌混合，得到耐久型PHC管桩混凝土。Mixing: adding the waterproof particles to the concrete ready-mix mixture, stirring and mixing to obtain durable PHC pipe pile concrete.
通过采用上述技术方案，首先获得均匀的防水颗粒，以及混凝土预拌混合物，再利用防水颗粒提高混凝土预拌混合物的防水性，从而获得耐久型PHC管桩混凝土，而且，该制备方法操作简单，实用性强。By adopting the above technical scheme, firstly obtain uniform waterproof particles and a concrete ready-mixed mixture, and then use the waterproofing particles to improve the waterproofness of the concrete ready-mixed mixture, thereby obtaining durable PHC pipe pile concrete, and the preparation method is simple and practical Strong sex.
第二方面，本申请提供一种上述耐久型PHC管桩混凝土制得的PHC管桩。In a second aspect, the present application provides a PHC pipe pile made of the above-mentioned durable PHC pipe pile concrete.
通过采用上述技术方案，制得的PHC管桩具有高抗压强度以及高防水性能。By adopting the above technical scheme, the prepared PHC pipe pile has high compressive strength and high waterproof performance.
第三方面，本申请提供一种上述管桩的制备方法，包括有离心步骤，所述离心处理包括如下阶段：In a third aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned pipe pile, including a centrifugation step, and the centrifugation treatment includes the following stages:
低速阶段：53～63r/min的转速离心2～3min；Low-speed stage: centrifugation at 53-63r/min for 2-3min;
低中速阶段：105～126r/min的转速离心1.5～2min；Low and medium speed stage: centrifugation at 105-126r/min for 1.5-2min;
中速阶段：240～330r/min的转速离心2～4min；Medium speed stage: Centrifuge at 240-330r/min for 2-4min;
高速阶段：420～480r/min的转速离心5～8min。High-speed stage: centrifuge at 420-480 r/min for 5-8 min.
通过采用上述离心转速和离心时间，使得防水颗粒能够更加快速、顺利地扩散至管桩的最外层，而且防水颗粒能够分布得更加均匀，从而管桩具有更好的防水性能。同时，由于管桩模具在合模时部分耐久型PHC管桩混凝土被压得过紧，必须经低速阶段使其松懈，以避免管桩成型后出现“蜂窝”现象，另外，离心时的混凝土坍落度出现损失，甚至是出现“假凝”现象，低速阶段能使其恢复至原有坍落度；低中速阶段是为了使混凝土均匀分布于管桩模具的内壁；中速阶段有利于使混凝土克服离心力突增，以减少混凝土出现内外分层的现象，从而提高管桩的强度；高速阶段是使混凝土密实成型为管桩的重要阶段。By adopting the above centrifugal rotation speed and centrifugation time, the waterproof particles can be diffused to the outermost layer of the pipe pile more quickly and smoothly, and the waterproof particles can be distributed more evenly, so that the pipe pile has better waterproof performance. At the same time, due to the fact that part of the durable PHC pipe pile concrete is too tight when the pipe pile mold is closed, it must be loosened at a low speed stage to avoid the "honeycomb" phenomenon after the pipe pile is formed. In addition, the concrete collapses during centrifugation. Loss of slump occurs, or even "pseudo-setting" phenomenon, the low-speed stage can restore it to the original slump; the low-medium speed stage is to make the concrete evenly distributed on the inner wall of the pipe pile mold; the medium-speed stage is conducive to The concrete overcomes the sudden increase of centrifugal force to reduce the phenomenon of internal and external delamination of the concrete, thereby improving the strength of the pipe pile; the high-speed stage is an important stage for compacting the concrete into a pipe pile.
可选的，离心步骤之前还包括以下步骤：Optionally, before the centrifugation step, the following steps are further included:
对管桩模具进行清模，并喷涂脱模剂；Clean the pipe pile mold and spray the mold release agent;
制作钢筋笼骨架和管桩端头，并将钢筋笼骨架和管桩端头装入管桩模具中；Make the steel cage frame and the end of the pipe pile, and put the steel cage frame and the end of the pipe pile into the pipe pile mold;
将耐久型PHC管桩混凝土注入管桩模具中，合模，并对合模后的管桩模具进行预应力张拉处理；The durable PHC pipe pile concrete is injected into the pipe pile mold, the mold is closed, and the prestressed tension treatment is performed on the pipe pile mold after the mold is closed;
离心步骤之后还包括以下步骤：The centrifugation step is followed by the following steps:
对离心完成后的混凝土及管桩模具进行压蒸养护；Autoclave curing of concrete and pipe pile moulds after centrifugation;
蒸压养护完成后，拆卸模具并脱模，获得PHC管桩。After the autoclave curing is completed, the mold is disassembled and demolded to obtain the PHC pipe pile.
通过采用上述技术方案，首先清理管桩模具的内壁，以减少杂质混入耐久型PHC管桩混凝土中，从而对成型后的管桩产生不利影响。脱模剂有利于PHC管桩顺利脱模。之后依次进行张拉、离心、两次蒸养均有利于提高PHC管桩的抗压强度等力学性能。By adopting the above technical scheme, the inner wall of the pipe pile mold is first cleaned to reduce the mixing of impurities into the durable PHC pipe pile concrete, thereby having an adverse effect on the formed pipe pile. The release agent is conducive to the smooth release of the PHC pipe pile. After that, tensioning, centrifugation, and two steam curing in turn are beneficial to improve the mechanical properties such as compressive strength of PHC piles.
可选的，所述脱模剂采用滑石粉。Optionally, the release agent is talc.
通过采用上述技术方案，滑石粉具有抗酸性，不会与防水颗粒中的丙烯酸乳液、VAE乳液发生反应，从而不会影响防水颗粒的防水效果。By adopting the above technical solution, the talc powder has acid resistance and will not react with the acrylic emulsion and VAE emulsion in the waterproof particles, so that the waterproof effect of the waterproof particles will not be affected.
综上所述，本申请具有以下有益效果：To sum up, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1、本申请通过加入采用VAE乳液、丙烯酸乳液、石粉、聚丙烯酰胺混合形成的防水颗粒，获得了具有高防水性能、高抗压强度的耐久型PHC管桩混凝土及PHC管桩；1. The present application obtains durable PHC pipe pile concrete and PHC pipe pile with high waterproof performance and high compressive strength by adding waterproof particles formed by mixing VAE emulsion, acrylic emulsion, stone powder and polyacrylamide;
2、本申请的PHC管桩无需额外喷涂环氧树脂防水涂层也能具备良好的防水性能，简化了管桩生产工序。2. The PHC pipe pile of the present application can have good waterproof performance without additionally spraying epoxy resin waterproof coating, which simplifies the production process of the pipe pile.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下对本申请作进一步详细说明。The application will be described in further detail below.
原料介绍Introduction of raw materials
表1耐久型PHC管桩混凝土的制备原料Table 1 Preparation raw materials of durable PHC pipe pile concrete
实施例Example
实施例1Example 1
耐久型PHC管桩混凝土，制备原料包括：水泥340kg，防水颗粒50kg，骨料780kg，矿粉60kg，粉煤灰25kg，聚羧酸减水剂5kg，水68kg；其中，防水颗粒包括重量比为1:5:15的VAE乳液、丙烯酸乳液、天青石粉，骨料包括细骨料280kg，粗骨料500kg。Durable PHC pipe pile concrete, preparation raw materials include: cement 340kg, waterproof particles 50kg, aggregate 780kg, mineral powder 60kg, fly ash 25kg, polycarboxylate water reducer 5kg, water 68kg; wherein, the waterproof particles include weight ratio of 1:5:15 VAE emulsion, acrylic emulsion, lapis lazuli powder, and the aggregates include 280kg of fine aggregate and 500kg of coarse aggregate.
该耐久型PHC管桩混凝土的制备方法包括有以下步骤：The preparation method of the durable PHC pipe pile concrete comprises the following steps:
制备防水颗粒：将VAE乳液、丙烯酸乳液、天青石粉在25℃下搅拌15min，获得防水颗粒；预拌合：将水泥、骨料、矿粉、粉煤灰、减水剂、水加入搅拌机中，搅拌2min，获得混凝土预拌混合物；Preparation of waterproof particles: Mix VAE emulsion, acrylic emulsion, and celestite powder at 25°C for 15 minutes to obtain waterproof particles; premix: add cement, aggregate, mineral powder, fly ash, water reducing agent, and water to the mixer , and stir for 2 min to obtain a concrete ready-mixed mixture;
拌合：将防水颗粒加入混凝土预拌混合物中，搅拌1min，获得耐久型PHC管桩混凝土。Mixing: Add the waterproof particles to the concrete ready-mixed mixture and stir for 1 min to obtain durable PHC pipe pile concrete.
用该耐久型PHC管桩混凝土制得的PHC管桩，其制备方法包括有以下步骤：The preparation method of the PHC pipe pile made of the durable PHC pipe pile concrete comprises the following steps:
对管桩模具进行清模，并喷涂滑石粉脱模剂；Clean the pipe pile mould and spray the talcum powder release agent;
制作钢筋笼骨架和管桩端头，并将钢筋笼骨架和管桩端头装入管桩模具中；Make the steel cage frame and the end of the pipe pile, and put the steel cage frame and the end of the pipe pile into the pipe pile mold;
将耐久型PHC管桩混凝土注入管桩模具中，合模，并对合模后的管桩模具进行预应力张拉处理；The durable PHC pipe pile concrete is injected into the pipe pile mold, the mold is closed, and the prestressed tension treatment is performed on the pipe pile mold after the mold is closed;
张拉处理完成后，对管桩模具进行离心处理，离心处理的步骤依次为60r/min的转速离心2min的低速阶段，提升转速至115r/min的转速离心2min的低中速阶段，继续提升转速至290r/min的转速离心4min的中速阶段，最后提升转速至480r/min的转速离心7min的高速阶段；After the tensioning treatment is completed, the pipe pile mold is centrifuged. The steps of the centrifugation treatment are the low-speed stage of centrifugation at a rotational speed of 60 r/min for 2 minutes, and the low-medium speed stage of centrifugation at a rotational speed of 115 r/min for 2 minutes, and then continue to increase the rotational speed. The medium-speed stage of centrifugation at a speed of 290r/min for 4min, and finally the high-speed stage of centrifugation at a speed of 480r/min for 7min;
对离心完成后的混凝土及管桩模具进行压蒸养护，第一次蒸汽养护90℃恒温5h，第二次高压蒸养180℃恒温5h；The concrete and pipe pile molds after centrifugation are subjected to autoclaving curing, the first steam curing is 90°C for 5 hours, and the second autoclaving is 180°C for 5 hours;
蒸压养护完成后，拆卸模具并脱模，获得PHC管桩。After the autoclave curing is completed, the mold is disassembled and demolded to obtain the PHC pipe pile.
实施例2Example 2
耐久型PHC管桩混凝土，制备原料包括：水泥470kg，防水颗30kg，骨料1300kg，矿粉25kg，粉煤灰60kg，聚羧酸减水剂3kg，水94kg；其中，防水颗粒包括重量比为1:2:22的VAE乳液、丙烯酸乳液、天青石粉，骨料包括细骨料364kg，粗骨料936kg。Durable PHC pipe pile concrete, preparation raw materials include: cement 470kg, waterproof particles 30kg, aggregate 1300kg, mineral powder 25kg, fly ash 60kg, polycarboxylate water reducer 3kg, water 94kg; wherein, waterproof particles include weight ratio of 1:2:22 VAE emulsion, acrylic emulsion, lapis lazuli powder, and the aggregates include 364kg of fine aggregate and 936kg of coarse aggregate.
该耐久型PHC管桩混凝土的制备方法包括有以下步骤：The preparation method of the durable PHC pipe pile concrete comprises the following steps:
制备防水颗粒：将VAE乳液、丙烯酸乳液、天青石粉在25℃下搅拌15min，获得防水颗粒；预拌合：将水泥、骨料、矿粉、粉煤灰、减水剂、水加入搅拌机中，搅拌2min，获得混凝土预拌混合物；Preparation of waterproof particles: Mix VAE emulsion, acrylic emulsion, and celestite powder at 25°C for 15 minutes to obtain waterproof particles; premix: add cement, aggregate, mineral powder, fly ash, water reducing agent, and water to the mixer , and stir for 2 min to obtain a concrete ready-mixed mixture;
拌合：将防水颗粒加入混凝土预拌混合物中，搅拌1min，获得耐久型PHC管桩混凝土。Mixing: Add the waterproof particles to the concrete ready-mixed mixture and stir for 1 min to obtain durable PHC pipe pile concrete.
用该耐久型PHC管桩混凝土制得的PHC管桩，其制备方法包括有以下步骤：The preparation method of the PHC pipe pile made of the durable PHC pipe pile concrete comprises the following steps:
对管桩模具进行清模，并喷涂滑石粉脱模剂；Clean the pipe pile mould and spray the talcum powder release agent;
制作钢筋笼骨架和管桩端头，并将钢筋笼骨架和管桩端头装入管桩模具中；Make the steel cage frame and the end of the pipe pile, and put the steel cage frame and the end of the pipe pile into the pipe pile mold;
将耐久型PHC管桩混凝土注入管桩模具中，合模，并对合模后的管桩模具进行预应力张拉处理；The durable PHC pipe pile concrete is injected into the pipe pile mold, the mold is closed, and the prestressed tension treatment is performed on the pipe pile mold after the mold is closed;
张拉处理完成后，对管桩模具进行离心处理，离心处理的步骤依次为60r/min的转速离心2min的低速阶段，提升转速至115r/min的转速离心2min的低中速阶段，继续提升转速至290r/min的转速离心4min的中速阶段，最后提升转速至480r/min的转速离心7min的高速阶段；After the tensioning treatment is completed, the pipe pile mold is centrifuged. The steps of the centrifuging treatment are the low-speed stage of centrifugation at a rotational speed of 60 r/min for 2 min, and the low-medium-speed stage of increasing the rotational speed to a rotational speed of 115 r/min and centrifugation for 2 minutes, and then continue to increase the rotational speed. The medium-speed stage of centrifugation at a speed of 290r/min for 4min, and finally the high-speed stage of centrifugation at a speed of 480r/min for 7min;
对离心完成后的混凝土及管桩模具进行压蒸养护，第一次蒸汽养护90℃恒温5h，第二次高压蒸养180℃恒温5h；The concrete and pipe pile molds after centrifugation are subjected to autoclaving curing, the first steam curing is 90°C for 5 hours, and the second autoclaving is 180°C for 5 hours;
蒸压养护完成后，拆卸模具并脱模，获得PHC管桩。After the autoclave curing is completed, the mold is disassembled and demolded to obtain the PHC pipe pile.
实施例3Example 3
耐久型PHC管桩混凝土，制备原料包括：水泥405kg，防水颗粒40kg，骨料1040kg，矿粉42.5kg，粉煤灰42.5kg，聚羧酸减水剂4kg，水81kg；其中，防水颗粒包括重量比为1:3:18的VAE乳液、丙烯酸乳液、天青石粉，骨料包括细骨料333kg，粗骨料707kg。Durable PHC pipe pile concrete, preparation raw materials include: cement 405kg, waterproof particles 40kg, aggregate 1040kg, mineral powder 42.5kg, fly ash 42.5kg, polycarboxylate water reducing agent 4kg, water 81kg; wherein, the waterproof particles include weight The ratio of VAE emulsion, acrylic emulsion, and lapis lazuli powder is 1:3:18, and the aggregates include 333kg of fine aggregate and 707kg of coarse aggregate.
该耐久型PHC管桩混凝土的制备方法包括有以下步骤：The preparation method of the durable PHC pipe pile concrete comprises the following steps:
制备防水颗粒：将VAE乳液、丙烯酸乳液、天青石粉在25℃下搅拌15min，获得防水颗粒；预拌合：将水泥、骨料、矿粉、粉煤灰、减水剂、水加入搅拌机中，搅拌2min，获得混凝土预拌混合物；Preparation of waterproof particles: Mix VAE emulsion, acrylic emulsion, and celestite powder at 25°C for 15 minutes to obtain waterproof particles; premix: add cement, aggregate, mineral powder, fly ash, water reducing agent, and water to the mixer , and stir for 2 min to obtain a concrete ready-mixed mixture;
拌合：将防水颗粒加入混凝土预拌混合物中，搅拌1min，获得耐久型PHC管桩混凝土。Mixing: Add the waterproof particles to the concrete ready-mixed mixture and stir for 1 min to obtain durable PHC pipe pile concrete.
用该耐久型PHC管桩混凝土制得的PHC管桩，其制备方法包括有以下步骤：The preparation method of the PHC pipe pile made of the durable PHC pipe pile concrete comprises the following steps:
对管桩模具进行清模，并喷涂滑石粉脱模剂；Clean the pipe pile mould and spray the talcum powder release agent;
制作钢筋笼骨架和管桩端头，并将钢筋笼骨架和管桩端头装入管桩模具中；Make the steel cage frame and the end of the pipe pile, and put the steel cage frame and the end of the pipe pile into the pipe pile mold;
将耐久型PHC管桩混凝土注入管桩模具中，合模，并对合模后的管桩模具进行预应力张拉处理；The durable PHC pipe pile concrete is injected into the pipe pile mold, the mold is closed, and the prestressed tension treatment is performed on the pipe pile mold after the mold is closed;
张拉处理完成后，对管桩模具进行离心处理，离心处理的步骤依次为60r/min的转速离心2min的低速阶段，提升转速至115r/min的转速离心2min的低中速阶段，继续提升转速至290r/min的转速离心4min的中速阶段，最后提升转速至480r/min的转速离心7min的高速阶段；After the tensioning treatment is completed, the pipe pile mold is centrifuged. The steps of the centrifugation treatment are the low-speed stage of centrifugation at a rotational speed of 60 r/min for 2 minutes, and the low-medium speed stage of centrifugation at a rotational speed of 115 r/min for 2 minutes, and then continue to increase the rotational speed. The medium-speed stage of centrifugation at a speed of 290r/min for 4min, and finally the high-speed stage of centrifugation at a speed of 480r/min for 7min;
对离心完成后的混凝土及管桩模具进行压蒸养护，第一次蒸汽养护90℃恒温5h，第二次高压蒸养180℃恒温5h；The concrete and pipe pile molds after centrifugation are subjected to autoclaving curing, the first steam curing is 90°C for 5 hours, and the second autoclaving is 180°C for 5 hours;
蒸压养护完成后，拆卸模具并脱模，获得PHC管桩。After the autoclave curing is completed, the mold is disassembled and demolded to obtain the PHC pipe pile.
实施例4Example 4
耐久型PHC管桩混凝土，与实施例3的区别在于：防水颗粒包括重量比为1:3:18：2的VAE乳液、丙烯酸乳液、天青石粉、聚丙烯酰胺。The difference between the durable PHC pipe pile concrete and Example 3 is that the waterproof particles include VAE emulsion, acrylic emulsion, lapis lazuli powder, and polyacrylamide in a weight ratio of 1:3:18:2.
实施例5Example 5
耐久型PHC管桩混凝土，与实施例3的区别在于：防水颗粒包括重量比为1:3:18:4的VAE乳液、丙烯酸乳液、天青石粉、聚丙烯酰胺。The difference between the durable PHC pipe pile concrete and Example 3 is that the waterproof particles include VAE emulsion, acrylic emulsion, lapis lazuli powder, and polyacrylamide in a weight ratio of 1:3:18:4.
实施例6Example 6
耐久型PHC管桩混凝土，与实施例3的区别在于：防水颗粒包括重量比为1:3:18:3的VAE乳液、丙烯酸乳液、天青石粉、聚丙烯酰胺。The difference between the durable PHC pipe pile concrete and Example 3 is that the waterproof particles include VAE emulsion, acrylic emulsion, lapis lazuli powder, and polyacrylamide in a weight ratio of 1:3:18:3.
对比例Comparative ratio
对比例1Comparative Example 1
一种现有的具有防水功能的混凝土PHC管桩，购自市场，以硅酸盐水泥、黄砂、粉煤灰、镍铁渣粉、碎石、纳米级轻度重钙粉、减水剂、缓凝剂为主要原料，并添加沥青作为防水材料。An existing concrete PHC pipe pile with waterproof function, purchased from the market, is made of Portland cement, yellow sand, fly ash, nickel-iron slag powder, crushed stone, nano-scale light heavy calcium powder, water reducing agent, Retarder is the main raw material, and asphalt is added as waterproof material.
对比例2Comparative Example 2
一种现有的具有防水功效的耐腐蚀混凝土PHC管桩，购自市场，以普通硅酸盐水泥、碎石、矿粉、粉煤灰、减水剂、水作为主要原料，该PHC管桩外壁喷涂有环氧树脂防水涂层，且该PHC管桩具有优秀的抗压强度和防水性能。An existing corrosion-resistant concrete PHC pipe pile with waterproof effect, purchased from the market, uses ordinary Portland cement, crushed stone, mineral powder, fly ash, water reducing agent and water as the main raw materials. The outer wall is sprayed with epoxy resin waterproof coating, and the PHC pipe pile has excellent compressive strength and waterproof performance.
性能检测Performance testing
将各实施例1～6的耐久型PHC管桩混凝土制为外径200mm，高度300mm，壁厚40mm的PHC管桩样品，再对管桩样品进行力学性能以及防水性能测试。The durable PHC pipe pile concrete of each example 1-6 was made into a PHC pipe pile sample with an outer diameter of 200 mm, a height of 300 mm, and a wall thickness of 40 mm, and then the mechanical properties and waterproof performance of the pipe pile samples were tested.
其中，力学性能采用抗压强度作为表征，根据GB 13476-2009《先张法预应力混凝土管桩》及GB/T 50081-2002《普通混凝土力学性能试验方法》，使用YAW-2000D抗压强度试验机进行测试。Among them, the mechanical properties are represented by compressive strength. According to GB 13476-2009 "Pre-tensioned Prestressed Concrete Pipe Pile" and GB/T 50081-2002 "Test Method for Mechanical Properties of Ordinary Concrete", YAW-2000D compressive strength test is used machine for testing.
防水性能的测试，采用如下方式：称取管桩样品的质量，再将样品放入水中浸泡，每隔一定时间取出，擦干样品表面的水分后，再次称取样品的质量,样品的质量增加得越少，说明吸水率越低，即防水性能越好。The test of waterproof performance is as follows: Weigh the quality of the pipe pile sample, then soak the sample in water, take it out at regular intervals, dry the moisture on the surface of the sample, and weigh the sample again. The quality of the sample increases. The less it is, the lower the water absorption rate, that is, the better the waterproof performance.
表2实施例1～6和对比例1～2制备的管桩样品的抗压强度测试结果Table 2 Compressive strength test results of the pipe pile samples prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-2
根据表2记载的测试数据，与对比例1相比，本申请实施例1～3的抗压强度有较大幅度的提升。与对比例2相比，本申请实施例1～3的抗压强度和防水性虽然有所降低，但是，本申请无需再额外施工喷涂防水层，简化了管桩的生产步骤。According to the test data recorded in Table 2, compared with Comparative Example 1, the compressive strengths of Examples 1 to 3 of the present application have been greatly improved. Compared with Comparative Example 2, although the compressive strength and water resistance of Examples 1 to 3 of the present application are reduced, the present application does not need to construct an additional spraying waterproof layer, which simplifies the production steps of the pipe pile.
结合对管桩横断面的组分分布，分析本申请具备优良防水性能的原因在于，在离心过程中，防水颗粒在离心力的作用下向外层迁移，使得防水颗粒更多分布于靠近管桩外壁处，相当于离心过程中在靠近管桩外壁处形成了防水层，从而使得本申请具备优秀的防水效果。Combined with the component distribution of the cross section of the pipe pile, it is analyzed that the reason why the application has excellent waterproof performance is that during the centrifugation process, the waterproof particles migrate to the outer layer under the action of centrifugal force, so that the waterproof particles are more distributed near the outer wall of the pipe pile. It is equivalent to forming a waterproof layer near the outer wall of the pipe pile during the centrifugation process, so that the present application has an excellent waterproof effect.
再者，对比例2的防水手段是在管桩外壁喷涂防水层，对比例1的防水手段是在混凝土中掺入具有防水效果的沥青，而本申请的防水手段是借助离心步骤使得混凝土中的防水颗粒外移形成防水层，即，本申请的防水手段的原理与对比例1～2均不同，为本领域的防水研究提供了一种新的思路。Furthermore, the waterproofing method of Comparative Example 2 is to spray a waterproof layer on the outer wall of the pipe pile, the waterproofing method of Comparative Example 1 is to mix asphalt with waterproof effect into the concrete, and the waterproofing method of the present application is to make the concrete in the concrete by the centrifugal step. The waterproof particles move outward to form a waterproof layer, that is, the principle of the waterproof means of the present application is different from that of Comparative Examples 1 to 2, which provides a new idea for waterproof research in the field.
结合实施例3～6可以看出，在防水颗粒中加入聚丙烯酰胺，能够同时进一步提升管桩的防水性能和抗压强度，这应该与聚丙烯酰胺的加入有利于减轻防水颗粒聚集有关。It can be seen from Examples 3 to 6 that adding polyacrylamide to the waterproof particles can further improve the waterproof performance and compressive strength of the pipe pile at the same time, which should be related to the fact that the addition of polyacrylamide is beneficial to reduce the aggregation of waterproof particles.
上述具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释，其并不是对本申请的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本申请做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但均应涵盖于本申请的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned specific embodiments are only the explanation of the application, and are not intended to limit the application. Those skilled in the art can make modifications without creative contribution to the application as needed after reading the specification, but all should be covered within the scope of the application. within the scope of protection.
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